2023年11月英语二级笔译英译汉参考答案

2023年11月英语二级笔译真题
【英译汉】【Passage 1】
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Therefore, gender equality and women’s empowerment are one of the overarching priorities of UNESCO.
This is a st rategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.
Increasing attention is being placed on gender equality issues globally, buoyed by several legal and normative instruments, conventions and declarations. Chief among these are the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The latter, which was the outcome of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, in 1995, emphasizes the key role of media to promote gender equality in all spheres; all stake-holders are called to join forces to combat “stereotyping of women and inequality in women’s access to and participation in all communication systems, especially in the media”. UNESCO’s c ommitment and strategy to this end is pursued through a two-fold approach: (i) gender-specific programming and (ii) taking gender-focused actions in all of UNESCO’s fields of work.
UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector has fully embraced this commitment and has engaged globally in a wide range of gender-specific initiatives across its divisions and main actions. Equality between women and men working in the media, and equality in news reporting on women and men, are of equal importance and are being stridently pursued. In cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists and many other partners, UNESCO has adopted this global framework of Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM). These indicators have been developed to enable effective assessment of related development in the media.
In order to further enrich the GSIM resource, and as a fundamental step for its completion, a second round of consultation was carried out online with UNESCO media partners globally. Broadcasting and print associations contributed comments, suggestions and insights to further enhance the document. The consultation with these associations was essential because it enables UNESCO to embed into the GSIM the perspectives of these key partners.
This enables us to stress that use of the GSIM is not an attempt to limit freedom of expression and the independence of media, but to voluntarily enrich these underlying characteristics. UNESCO is confident that, if fully implemented, the GSIM will produce an impact in both qualitative and quantitative terms.
【英译汉】【Passage 2】
When rainfall is measured in feet, not inches, we are witnessing climate change bearing down on us. Catastrophic destruction tied to the Atlantic hurricane season, monsoon rains in Mumbai, and downpours in Niger are just a few of the many extreme weather events that are being intensified by global warming. While the rise of a few degrees in temperature may not be enough for a person to run a fever, that change is enough to radically impact the earth’s climate. By way of comparison, the earth was once rendered largely uninhabitable by a one to two-degree Celsius drop in temperature—an era now referred to as the Little Ice Age. In response to the threat posed by global climate change, most nations have committed to significant mitigation efforts, through the Paris Agreement, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
But will these collective efforts be enough? Some scientists are trying another approach, exploring new tools to deliberately alter the global climate system. These discrete and diverse technologies are often grouped under the all-encompassing and poorly defined rubric of “climate engineering” or “geoengineering.” These radically different approaches aim to either halt the process of global warming by removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or to counteract warming already underway.
The problem is, while several tools seem to be gaining ground in computer models, laboratories, and even real-world experiments, public discussion has not kept pace with their advancement. To date, there has been too little transparency and international dialogue around the progress, feasibility, risks and benefits of these efforts. Climate engineering and current mitigation and adaptation efforts are not mutually exclusive. Experts generally agree that these new technological approaches alone are unlikely to provide adequate protection from the dangers posed by rising global temperatures.
In 1965, the Science Advisory Committee raised concerns about manmade climate change and warned that “man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment.” More than 50 years later, the field of climate engineering remains largely unknown, especially to policymakers and the public.
There are real risks to using or rejecting climate engineering. While it is tempting to be for or against climate engineering, what decision-makers need to do now is to gather scientific facts and ask as many questions as possible about what the deployment of these technologies might mean for individuals, societies, nations, and regions.
2023年11月英语二级笔译真题参考答案
【英译汉】【Passage 1】
性别平等不仅是一项基本的人权，也是建设一个和平、繁荣、可持续的世界所必需的基础。

为妇女和女孩提供平等获得教育、医疗保健、体面工作以及参与政治经济决策过程的机会，将推动可持续经济发展，惠及社会和全人类。

因此，性别平等和妇女赋能是联合国教科文组织一个特别重要的优先事项。

性别平等策略旨在让女性和男性的关切和经历融入到所有政治、经济和社会等领域的政策方案的设计、实施、监督和评估过程中，从而打破性别歧视，实现男女同等受益，最终实现性别平等。

一些法律和规范文书、公约以及宣言出台后，全世界正越来越重视性别平等问题。

其中最主要的有《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》、《北京宣言》和《行动纲领》，后者是1995年联合国第四次世界妇女大会的成果文件，强调媒体在各个领域促进性别平等的关键作用；呼吁各利益相关方团结起来，共同与“对女性偏见以及妇女参与所有交流系统，尤其是在参与媒体方面的不平等现象”做斗争。

联合国教科文组织在这一方面的使命与策略是通过两方面实现的：（一）特定性别项目，（二）在联合国教科文组织各工作领域中采取性别专项行动。

联合国教科文组织信息与通讯部门充分恪守此项承诺，在全球各分部和主要工作范围内广泛实施特定性别计划。

男女在媒体行业就业平等，以及在新闻报道中的男女平等同样重要，并且一以贯之坚持执行。

联合国教科文组织与国际新闻工作者联合会及许多其他合作伙伴合作，采纳了《媒体性别敏感指标》这个全球框架。

制订这些指标旨在有效评估媒体界的相关发展情况。

为了进一步丰富《媒体性别敏感指标》资源，全球开展了联合国教科文组织媒体合作伙伴第二轮在线咨询，这也是完成《媒体性别敏感指标》的一个重要步骤。

广播和出版协会就进一步完善该文件提出了意见、建议和深刻见解。

联合国教科文组织与这些协会的磋商至关重要，因为这可以使这些关键合作伙伴的观点被纳入到《媒体性别敏感指标》中。

这也可以让我们强调《媒体性别敏感指标》的使用，不是企图限制言论自由和媒体独立，而是自愿丰富这些基本特征的内涵。

联合国教科文组织相信，如果《媒体性别敏感指标》得到全面实施，将产生引起量变和质变的重大影响。

【翻译|校对：许由太】
【英译汉】【Passage 2】
当我们用英尺而不是英寸来衡量降雨量时，我们见证着气候变化向人类施加的压力。

像大西洋飓风季、孟买季风雨、尼日尔暴雨等极端天气事件等造成的灾难性破坏，只是许多极端天气事件中的一小部分，而全球变暖则使这些极端天气事件更加严重。

虽然温度升高几度可能不足以导致个体发烧，但这种变化足以深刻地影响地球气候。

相比之下，地球曾因气温下降1—2摄氏度导致基本上不适宜居住，这一时期即现在所谓的小冰河时期。

为应对全球气候变化带来的威胁，大多数国家通过了《巴黎协定》，承诺采取重大缓解行动，减少温室气体排放。

但仅仅采取这些集体行动是否就够了呢?一些科学家正尝试另一种方法，即探索新的工具以有意识地改变全球气候系统。

这些千差万别、形形色色的技术通常归在无所不包的“气
候工程”或“地球工程”门类之下，但二者定义较为宽泛。

这些迥异的方法要么旨在通过减少大气中的温室气体来阻止全球变暖进程，要么采取措施对抗当下的全球变暖。

问题在于，虽然几种工具似乎在计算机模型、实验室甚至现实世界实验中获得了一定进展，但公众讨论未跟上这些进展。

到目前为止，对这些工作的进展、可行性、风险和利益等，还缺乏透明度和国际对话。

气候工程与当前的缓解措施以及适应措施并不互斥。

专家一般认为，单独使用这些新技术手段可能无法充分应对不断攀升的全球气温所带来的危险。

1965年，科学顾问委员会提出了对人为造成的气候变化的担忧，并警告称“人类无意中正在进行一场大规模地球物理实验”。

50多年后，政策制定者和公众对气候工程领域仍然知之甚少。

不论是利用气候工程还是或拒绝气候工程，都存在真正的风险。

尽管决策者很想支持或反对气候工程，但现在需要做的就是收集科学事实，尽可能多地询问这些技术可能对个人、社会、国家和地区有何影响。

【翻译|校对：许由太】。