it、that、one辨析及各种用法的归纳并附对应练习

it、that、one辨析及各种用法的归纳并附对应练习
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指
that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个
it 与所指名词为同一个。

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)
我找不到我的帽子了。

我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)
你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物)
我找不到我的帽子。

我不知道我把它放在哪了。

Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_____ I will always treasure．（NMET2002）
A．that B．one C．it D．what
此题的正确答案为B，这里one作代词，指代a moment，在句中作an unforgettable moment 的同位语。

(一)下面就one在中学英语中的常见用法作简要归纳：
一、one作人称代词可以笼统地指任何人、某一伙人中的一个人或说话人。

当one笼统地指任何人时，其用法相当于you指代任何人。

在书面语中，one比you更常见。

1．One can\'t succeed without working hard．一个人不努力工作是不会成功的。

2．He is the one who never troubles about personal interests．他是一个从不计较个人利益的人。

二、one作为人称代词，其所有格为one\'s，反身代词为oneself。

如果one用于句首，后面再用代词one，oneself或one\'s，可以用he，him，himself或his代替。

在反意疑问句中，若主语是one，疑问部分代词可用one或he。

1．One should give oneself／himself plenty of time to
rest．一个人应该给自己留出充足的休息时间。

2．One has his own right to speak out his mind at the meeting，doesn\'t one ／he？在会议上人们有权说出自己的想法，对吗？
三、one作代词，代替前面提到的人或物，以避免重复。

此时one只能代替可数名词，其复数形式为ones。

one或ones用于this，that，these，those，either，neither或形容词最高级后面时，常常可以省略。

1．The new designs are much better than the old ones．这些新设计比那些旧的好得多。

2．I think my dog is the fastest（one）．我想我的狗是跑得最快的一条。

四、有时one ／ones的前面可以用冠词。

用不定冠词a ／an时，one的前面必须有形容词修饰。

当数词加ones时，ones常省略，当ones有形容词修饰时，则不能省略。

另外，名词所有格后面，也常省略one ／ones，若one ／ones有形容词修饰，则不能省略。

1．Your car isn\'t fast enough．Let\'s take T om\'s．你的车不够快，咱们乘汤姆的吧。

2．My computer doesn\'t work well．May I use your new one？我的计算机工作不正常。

我可以用你的新的吗？
五、中学英语中还有一些由one构成的常用短语和固定结构。

下面仅列举几个常用的重点短语和固定结构：one by one（一个一个地），one or two（一两个；很少的），one after the other ／one after another（一个接一个），for one thing．．．for another（首先……再者；一方面……另一方面）。

1．There are still one or two problems to be settled．仍然有一两个问题需要解决。

2．I can\'t travel this summer．For one thing，I\'m short of money；for another，I have not much spare time．今年夏天我不能旅游了。

首先，我缺钱；再者，我也没有太多的空余时间。

1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

.
e)先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

it是个非常简单的单词,但其用法却很灵活。

it可以作代词,也可以作引导词。

现结合部分高考试题说说它的一些用法:
一、作代词
1. 用作人称代词,指代上文提到的事物。

[原题再现]
I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ________ to be much better.
A. that
B. this
C. one
D. it
答案: D
2. 指代动物、婴儿或未知的人。

[原题再现]
Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see________.
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
答案: D
3. 用作非人称代词,表示时间、天气、距离等。

[原题再现]
________ from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is
B. What a long way is it
C. How long way is it
D. What a long way it is
答案: D
二、作引导词
it除作代词外,还可用作引导词。

引导词本身无实义,只起一种先行引导的作用。

1. 作形式主语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正的主语。

常用it作形式主语的句式有:
1)It+be+adj. / n. + ( for / of sb.) to do sth.
在此结构中,当形容词是表示不定式逻辑主语的特征或属性(如:wise, bright, kind, nice等)时,介词用of;当形容词是说明不定式短语(如:important, possible, necessary, strange等)时,介词要用for。

例如:
It is impossible (for so few workers) to do so much work in a single day.
It was foolish of her to waste money on such clothes.
2)It+be+adj. / n.+clause.例如:
It is certain that Tom will do well in the exam.
3)It+be+adj. / 意义相当于形容词的名词词组+动名词. 例如:
It\'s no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big.
4)It+take+(sb.) some time / some money+to do sth. 例如:
It will take them more than ten years to complete the Three Gorges Dam.
5)It+be+said / reported / told等+that-clause. 例如:
It is said that he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
6)It+vt.+sb.+that-clause. 例如:
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
[原题再现]
①________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
②In fact________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
答案: ①D ②D
2. 作形式宾语,代替由不定式、动词的ing形式或从句表示的真正宾语。

常用it作形式宾语的句式有:
1)S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+(for sb.) to do sth. 例如:
Do you think it possible for them to send an engineer there?
2)S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+doing sth. 例如:
You must find it exciting working here.
3)S.+vt.+it+adj. / n.+that-clause. 例如:
I think it a pity that you didn\'t try harder.
[原题再现]
Don\'t________that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.
A. take as granted
B. take this for granted
C. take that for granted
D. take it for granted
答案: D
3. 在强调结构中。

为了强调句子的主语、宾语或状语,常用强调结构\"It is/was+被强调部分+that / who+非强调部分\"。

[原题再现]
________was in 1979________I graduated from university.
A. That; that
B. It; that
C. That; when
D. It; when
答案: B
三、it, one和that作替代词的用法及区别
it, one和that虽然都可以用来替代前面所提到的一个单数名词,以避免重复,但在具体用法上却有不同。

简述如下:
1. it代替前面提到的同一事物,该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。

[原题再现]
The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him,
________?
A. did they
B. didn\'t they
C. did it
D. didn\'t it
答案: D
2. one代替前面提到的同类事物中的一个。

该事物只能是可数名词,前面可以有冠词,也可以被this、that或形容词修饰,其后也可以有定语。

[原题再现]
-Why don\'t we have a little break?
-Didn\'t we just have________?
A. it
B. that
C. one
D. this
答案: C
3. that代替前面提到的同类事物中特指的一个。

该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词,要有后置定语,但不可以有前置修饰语。

[原题再现]
Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool dirnk on a hot day.
A. some
B. any
C. that
D. those
答案: C。