沙眼衣原体诊断标准

沙眼衣原体诊断标准
英文回答：
The diagnostic criteria for trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection are primarily based on clinical signs and symptoms, as well as laboratory tests. Trachoma is a contagious eye infection that primarily affects the conjunctiva, cornea, and eyelids. It is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide.
Clinical signs of trachoma include the presence of follicles, papillae, and scarring on the conjunctiva. Follicles are small, raised bumps that contain lymphocytes and can be seen on the upper tarsal conjunctiva. Papillae are larger, finger-like projections that are typically found on the upper tarsal conjunctiva as well. Scarring occurs as a result of repeated infections and can lead to visual impairment or blindness.
In addition to clinical signs, laboratory tests can be
used to confirm the diagnosis of trachoma. One commonly
used test is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, which detects the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA in conjunctival swabs. This test is highly sensitive and specific, making it a reliable tool for diagnosing trachoma.
It is important to note that the diagnosis of trachoma
is often made based on clinical signs alone, especially in resource-limited settings where laboratory testing may not be readily available. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a simplified grading system called the "SAFE" strategy, which stands for Surgery for trichiasis,
Antibiotics to treat infection, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement. This strategy is used to guide trachoma control programs in endemic areas.
中文回答：
沙眼衣原体引起的沙眼诊断标准主要基于临床体征和症状，以
及实验室检测。

沙眼是一种传染性的眼部感染，主要影响结膜、角
膜和眼睑。

它是全球可预防失明的主要原因。

沙眼的临床体征包括结膜上的滤泡、乳头和瘢痕。

滤泡是小的
隆起疙瘩，含有淋巴细胞，通常可见于上睑结膜。

乳头是较大的指
状突起，通常也可在上睑结膜上发现。

瘢痕是由于反复感染导致的，可能导致视力受损或失明。

除了临床体征外，实验室检测可以用于确认沙眼的诊断。

一种
常用的检测方法是聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测，它可以检测结膜拭子
中的沙眼衣原体DNA的存在。

这种检测方法具有高度敏感性和特异性，是诊断沙眼的可靠工具。

需要注意的是，在资源有限的地区，常常只根据临床体征来诊
断沙眼，特别是在实验室检测可能不容易获得的情况下。

世界卫生
组织（WHO）制定了一个简化的分级系统，称为“SAFE”策略，即手
术治疗睫毛倒插、抗生素治疗感染、面部清洁和环境改善。

这个策
略用于指导沙眼流行地区的沙眼控制计划。