初二被动语态

被动语态讲解
一、各种时态的被动语态
一般现在时：am／is／are＋动词过去分词
Cars are made by them。

一般过去时：was／were＋动词过去分词
The MP3 was bought by my father。

一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋动词过去分词
The bridge will be completed in ten days.
现在完成时：have／has been＋动词过去分词
The meeting has been put off。

二、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词"构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”.例如:
we can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days.
We must finish this work soon。

→This work must be done soon.
We have to clean the classroom。

→ The classroom has to be cleaned by us。

三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.
（1)时态保持一致.
I have repaired my computer。

-—-My computer has been repaired.
（2）如果要说出动作的执行者，并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时，就用by短语，如果后面的词表示地点，不是动作的执行者,就用in短语.
It is made by us. It is made in Wuhan。

(3）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式.
He cleaned the car. → The car was cleaned by him.
(4）疑问句的被动语态，用be动词的对应形式代替do
Does she drive this car? →Is this car driven by her?
（5）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。

His best friend often looks after him. —-He is often looked after by his best friend。

(6）主动句中有一些动词如buy,send，give,show,offer，tell,lend,teach等，带有双宾语,一个是直接宾语（指物),另一个是间接宾语（指人）,主动语态变为被动语态时，可以把间接宾语变成主语，保留直接宾语，也可以把直接宾语变为主语，保留间接宾语,但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。

My father gave me a book。

→（1）I was given a book by my father. → （2) A book was given to me by my father.
She showed me some photos。

→(1）I was shown some photos by her. → (2） Some photos were shown to me by her。

注意：有些双宾语动词，如do,pass,sell,send，sing,bring，write等，变为被动语态时，通常以直接宾语作主语，保留间接宾语，其前面根据情况用介词to或for
She wrote me a letter. → A letter was written to me by her。

有些双宾语动词如answer,save,envy（羡慕）等,通常以间接宾语作被动语态主语，保留直接宾语.He answered me that question。

→ I was answered that question by him.
(7）主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式,但变为被动语态时要加上to,这类的动词有make, have， let, notice， see， watch， look at，hear, listen to, feel help等。

Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes。

→ He was made to wash the dishes.
I saw a boy cross the street . → A boy was seen to cross the street。

（8）It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report， say， suppose, think 等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句"或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth。

”。

有：
It is said that… 据说，It is reported that…据报道,It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well k nown that…众所周知,It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议.
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1、(1)英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open,sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例 This kind of cloth washes well. The coats sell well.
The knife cuts well.这刀好使。

The shoes wear long.这鞋耐穿。

注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The door won't lock． (指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁"是人的原因)
(2）表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen， last, take place， break out, come out（出现)等以主动形式表示被动意义。

（3）系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel， sound, taste, book， feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义.
Your reason sounds reasonable。

2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

（1) 在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

The house needs repairing（to be repaired)．这房子需要修理。

（2）在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义.这些形容词有nice,easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant,interesting等。

This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
（3）在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义.
This book is too expensive （for me） to buy。

五、下列情况不能用于被动语态
1。

不及物动词没有被动语态
这类动词常见的有：take place，happen，last，rise，break out，appear等
The accident happened last night.(√)The accident was happened last night.（×）
2.系动词没有被动语态
这些动词有：feel,turn,taste,sound，smell，look，get，become等.
8B被动语态专项练习
一、按要求改写下列句子
1。

Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态)
people ____________ tea in South China？
2。

I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换)
A birthday present _________ ________ ________ _______by my parents every year
3。

The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)
An English song __________ __________ _________ by the children.
4.You needn’t do it now. (改为被动语态）
It ____________ ______________ _____________ by you now.
5。

People use metal for making machines. （改为被动语态)
Metal ____________ ____________ ______________making machines。

6.He made me do that for him。

(改为被动语态)
I ____________ ____________ _____________ ____________ that for him.
7。

.Some People noticed those workers making machines. （改为被动语态)
Those workers ____________________ _________________making machines。

8。

They often saw the boy watch the football matches last year。

（改为被动语态) The boy ________ often _________ ________ ________ the football matches by them。

9。

Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)
__________ a bridge ___________ here by them a year ago?
10。

Harry Jones designed the game. (改为被动语态)
The game _______ _______ ______ Harry Jones.
11. He often makes us work for ten hours a day. (改为被动语态）
We ___________ often___________ to __________ for ten hours a day.
12.My parents buy me a birthday cake every year. (改为被动语态）
(1)I __________________ ______________ a birthday cake by my parents every year.（2）A birthday cake ___________ __________ __________ me by parents every year. 13。

We noticed him eating snacks in class。

（改为被动语态）
He eating snacks in class by us。

14. He plants many trees every year。

（把句子改为被动语态）
Many trees ________ _________by him every year.
15. The teacher made him hand in homework before class。

(把句子改为被动语态）
He was ________ ________hand in homework before class （by the teacher)。

16. He bought a CD-ROM last year. （把句子改为被动语态)
A CD—ROM last year.
17。

He organizes activities of the Computer Club。

（把句子改为被动语态）
Activities of the Computer Club by him.
18.。

Does everyone in the world know the Great Wall？（把句子改为被动语态）
the Great Wall in the world?
19..I gave him a present yesterday. (把句子改为被动语态）
A present him by me Yesterday.
20。

The workers built the bridge in 2004。

(把句子改为被动语态）
The bridge by the workers in 2004。

二、单项选择
1. Each year quite a lot of food________ around the world.
A。

was wasted B. is wasted C. wasted D。

will be wasted
2。

The sick man _______to hospital by the policeman an hour ago.
A. is taken
B. was taken C。

takes D。

took
3。

Elephants carry wood by people long time ago.
A。

was trained B。

trained to C. train to D。

were trained to 4。

—Why are you so excited today?
--We were told ________ a picnic this weekend.
A。

have B。

to have C。

having D. had
5. The meeting _______ two weeks ago。

A. hold B。

was held C。

were held D. is held
6。

The thief ________ by the police last night.
A。

caught B. is caught C。

was caught D。

were caught
7。

Last year Beijing ____ by a big sandstorm.
A. is hit B。

were hit C。

will be hit D。

was hit
8．-Susan, why are you still here？ They are all ready to start.
–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet。

A. don’t tell
B. did n’t tell
C. haven’t told
D. wasn’t told
9 .Twelve—year—olds should not to drive in China.
A。

allow B。

be allow C. allowed D。

be allowed
10。

This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, well。

A。

sells B. sell C. is sold D。

are sold
11。

–At present， one of the best ways to study is working in groups。

–More chances to students to learn from each other。

A. offer B。

are offered C. have offered D。

are offering
12. – a new library in our school last year？–Yes， it was。

A。

Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D。

Did； build
13. –What the plane often ? ——-——-A training centre。

A。

is; used as B. –was； used to C. is； used to D。

was； using as
14.He was seen _________ a bank just now
A. to enter
B. to enter into
C. enter
D. entering into
15.Were they heard ___________ at that time?
A. talk and laugh B。

to talk and laugh C. talking and laughing D. talked and laughed
16.The new flats in the centre of the town ____________ well。

A. sells B。

sell C. is sold D。

are sold
17。

The World Cup_______________ every four years。

A. takes place
B. is taken place
C. is held
D. Both A and C
18.Old people are often ____________politely by the young in our country.
A。

spoken to B。

speaking C. spoken D. speaking 19。

—Boys and girls， have you finished drawing the pictures? -Yes， they________ a moment ago。

A。

have finished B. were finished C 。

are finished D。

finished 20.Mary didn’t know where the birthday card________ and looked worried。

A。

was hiding B. was hidden C. hid D。

hidden
21。

Tom by his classmates because he made a careless mistake。

A. laughed at B。

was laughed at C。

laughed D。

was laughed
22. They _______ day and night.
A are made work
B are made to work
C made to be worked
D are making to work
23. You may go fishing if your work_______ 。

A is done
B will be done
C has done
D have done
24. These kinds of CD——-ROMS______ in that shop over there. They _____ well.
A are sold, are sold
B are sold， sell
C sell， sell
D sell， are sold 25。

Mr Chen has a loud voice. His voice can _____ clearly even in that big classroom.
A hear
B be heard
C be hearing
D have heard
26。

—-—-— Do you like the flower？—-——-———— Yes， it ______ sweet。

A smells
B is smelling
C smelt
D is smelt
27。

English _______ in many countries, but the Chinese _______ their own language.
A. speaks; spoken
B. is spoken； is spoken C。

is spoken; speak D。

is spoken； speaks
28. -——How many cakes can I have， Mum? ---None， dear。

They _______ for your father。

A. prepare B prepared C. have prepared D。

were prepared
29。

His new book has________.
A come on
B been come on
C come out
D been come out
30. Food and clothes to the children in poor areas by the volunteers 。

A. hand out B are handed out C are handing out D worked out
三、用( )里词的适当形式填空
1。

Young trees____________（water) well every day。

2.Thirty bikes_______________ (repair) by Uncle Wang last week.
3。

This kind of machine ______________ (use) for cutting things.
4. Many strange things (take) place every year。

5.Rice __________ (grow） twp thousand years ago by Chinese people。

rmation ____________ （keep) in the computer just now。

7.Children under 1.2m in height should______________(not take）to the concert hall.
8.Activities_____________(plan）to help the poor every year.
9。

Our classroom is so dirty and it needs_____________(clean）。

10 Jack is very funny。

I am always made __________ （laugh)
11。

The good news is that most of the cases of blindness can ________________(cure）。

12.Children should ____________________________（treat）with kindness.
13.She was made _______________________________（ wait） half an hour.
ually those letters_______________________________(write) in English in the past。

15. Do you know that Oxfam _______________________(set) up in the UK in 1942?
16。

A new film _______________________（show) at Red Star Cinema yesterday.
17。

—What_________ your computer__________(use) for? —Sending and receiving e—mails.
18. You may go out and play as soon as your homework _____________(finish）.
五、完形填空
1
Now computers are very 1 among young people。

Last week, we asked thirty young people 2 fourteen and eighteen。

We asked how much 3 they usually spent on their computers in a week, but we 4 most interested in 5 they used their computers for。

The usual time spent on a computer in a week was about twelve hours, with 6 user about thirty—two hours, and the lowest user only five hours。

All the children said they usually used computers 7 . Fourteen children told us they did some word processing (文字处理） 8 。

Only two of them said computers 9 their lessons, and eight children told us they kept addresses and phone numbers in their computers or used 10 to write diaries。

Only three children said they were learning to make computer programs and nobody looked up databases (数据库). None of them used computers for any 11 use。

The 12 show that computer use is quite high among young people of 14-18 years old。

They also show quite clearly that computers 13 by most young people as little more than game machines。

14 ， though computers are common in the homes of young people, they have not yet become 15 in everyday life。

( ）1。

A. common B. cheap C. easy D。

difficult
（ )2。

A. among B。

between C. from D。

about
（）3。

A. hours B。

money C。

time D. /
( ）4。

A。

is B。

was C。

are D. were
（）5. A. what B. why C。

how D. whether
( ）6。

A。

high B。

higher C. highest D. the highest
( ）7. A。

to read B。

reading C. to play games D. playing games
（）8. A. at times B。

as usual C. in the end D。

all the time
（）9。

A. found out B。

worked at C。

helped with D. looked over
( ）10. A. theirs B。

them C。

its D。

it
( ）11。

A. another B。

other C。

the other D. others
( )12. A。

ways B。

questions C. reports D. results(结果）
（ )13。

A. are seen B. have seen C。

will be seen D. see
（）14. A。

More or less B. From now on C. By the way D。

It seems to us that
（ )15. A. wonderful B。

popular C。

useful D。

expensive
2
“I’m really thankful to our government， for it provides us with such a good training program. The training greatly helps us live 1 . I will certainly study hard and learn the skills。

Then I can help with my family difficulties and do good to other people。

” a learner on the job training program said, feeling 2 。

The learner's grandfather is nearly 80 years old, and his mother is 3 in bed. So his father，who is a farmer， is the main 4 of the family. The family is 5 . The learner finished high school。

The job training program helps him learn skills that he'll 6 in the work place。

The story makes me think of another 7 。

It goes like this： Long ago there was man who liked fishing very much, and was 8 to catch lots of fish every day。

The man was kind, so he always 9 his fish with his neighbours who did not know how to fish。

One day， he thought that it would be 10 if he told them how to fish. So he called his neighbours together and showed them 11 to fish. Everybody was very happy that they could 12 the fish they themselves caught。

At present，there are still a lot of poor people in the world. But it’s not good if we give only 13 to them。

14 ， we should give them a chance to learn new skills。

So, a training
is very important to people in need， and they will learn the ability to 15 money. People can a lot of useful things in the training program and what they learn can help them on the way to find jobs。

( ） 1。

A。

well B。

good C。

fine D。

nice
( ） 2。

A. surprised B。

excited C。

bored D. interested
( ) 3. A. ill B. alone C。

silent D。

dangerous源：学科
( ) 4。

A。

problem B。

example C. relative D。

support
（） 5。

A。

poor B。

usual C. noisy D。

careful
（） 6. A. repeat B. forget C. need D. test
( ） 7. A。

story B. learner C. family D。

program
( ） 8。

A。

afraid B。

tiny C。

sorry D。

able
( ) 9。

A。

shared B。

cooked C. exchanged D. weighed
( ) 10。

A. easy B。

great C。

useless D. crazy
( ） 11。

A。

what B。

where C。

how D. who
( ) 12. A. feed B. save C. touch D。

eat
（） 13。

A。

time B。

fish C。

food D. toys
( ) 14。

A。

Next B。

Instead C. Luckily D。

Especially
( ) 15。

A. pay B。

give C。

use D. make
六、阅读理解
A
Perhaps you've seen the English letters “WC" in your city。

They show public toilets。

But do
you know it is far from elegant (优雅的） English? In fact， foreigners from English—speaking countries rarely use the letters。

Workers in our city are changing “WC” signs all over the city。

The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.
“WC, or water closet， is old-fashioned English。

It sounds dirty to me，" says Charlie Shifflet，a young man from the US. The old sign will become “Gents/Men” and “Ladies/Women”。

“I see lots of poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs," he says. “I know what they mean. But they are Chinglish， not real English. For example，when someone says to me ‘My hometown is Henan Province’, I know he should say：‘My hometown is in Henan Province’. ‘Hometown’ is a smaller place in a province。

” The common mistakes he picked up include “Not Entry”，which should be “No Entry”，“Direction of Airport” should be changed to “To the Airport"。

And it is “room rate”, not “room price". And remember to “Keep off the grass"，rather than “Care of the green”.
( )1。

What does the writer think of the use of “WC”?
A. He doesn't think it means water closet.
B. He doesn't think it old—fashioned English。

C. He doesn’t think it proper for a sign。

D。

He thinks it elegant English。

（）2. The underlined word “rarely” m eans ________。

A。

sometimes B. seldom C. often D. always
（ )3. Charlie Shifflet ___________。

A. is a Chinese living in America
B. thinks Chinese people are sometimes using incorrect English
C。

likes to hear or see Chinglish D. sometimes uses Chinglish
（）4. Which of the following signs does NOT use Chinglish？。

A B C D
（）5. The last paragraph is about _________.
A。

why there are so many Chinglish signs B。

examples of Chinglish
C。

where Chinglish signs are D。

who uses Chinglish signs
B
Life comes in a package. This package includes happiness and sadness， failure and success，hope and despair。

Life is a learning process. Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person. With each passing day we learn to deal with various situations.
Love plays a main role in our life. Love makes you feel wanted。

Without love a person could become cruel（残忍的）。

In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who show us with love and care. They teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we don’t always care about it。

It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands others' feelings.
Happiness can bring people a peaceful mind。

No mind is happy without peace. Sadness is the cause of the death of a loved one or the failure。

But all of these things will pass away。

Failure is the way to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way。

Success brings in money, pride and self-respect。

Hope is what keeps life going。

Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream。

Hope builds in patience。

Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is a day。

Life teaches us not to regret（后悔) over yesterday， for it has passed and is out of our control. Tomorrow is unknown， for it could either be bright or dark。

So the only choice is to work hard today， so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow。

（） 1。

We usually have to accept_______ if we want to be successful。

A. love B。

failure C. sadness D. hope
（） 2. In which section can readers probably read the passage？
A。

Business。

B。

Travel C。

Lifestyles。

D. Education.
( ) 3. What does the word “despair” mean in Chinese？
A. 颓废
B. 遗憾
C. 悲伤 D。

绝望
（ ) 4. What’s the meaning of the last sentence of the whole passage？
A. When choosing between “today” and “tomorrow”， you'd better enjoy tomorrow。

B. If you work hard today, you’ll have a better life in the future.
C. What you can only choose is to work hard today rather than tomorrow。

D。

The only choice you make is that you should enjoy a better tomorrow。

（ ) 5. What’s the p urpose of the passage？
A。

To encourage people to love each other。

B。

To tell people how to deal with happiness and sadness.
C. To give readers some information about life。

D. To remind people to keep having a beautiful dream.
七、短文填空
We all know that smoki ng is bad for people’s h__1__ .But not many people know about the d___2___ of second—hand smoke .
Second-hand smoke is the smoke that comes from a smoke’s breath ， or from the end of a cigarette。

If people breathe in second –hand smoke from time to time , they may get s___3___.
But how s___4__ is the problem of second—hand smoke ? Second—hand smoke c___5___ about 100，000deaths every year in China.
Second—hand smoke is especially bad for children b___6___ their bodies are still growing and developing 。

According to the study , thousands of children under the age of 5 die each year from diseases caused by second—hand smoke 。

Most of these deaths h___7___ in Africa and South Asia 。

Health expert are asking government to do more to create smoke-free indoor environments 。

But it takes time .
At the same time , you can do something to help p____8____ yourself and other people from second-hand smoke .You can start by a____9____ the smokers you know ，such as your parents ，to take all of their smoke breaks outside 。

And if someone smokes close to you ,you should walk a___10____。

1. h_________
2. d_________ 3。

s___________ 4. s__________ 5 c。

___________
6。

b__________7. h________ 8。

p___________ 9. a___________ 10. a___________
阅读理解
CBBDB BDDBC
短文填空
1health 2 danger 3 sick 4 serious 5 causes
6 because
7 happen
8 protect
9 asking 10 away。