维持性血液透析患者并发院内感染的危险因素及对策分析

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Objective To explore the characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and put forward prevention countermeasures. Methods We collected clinical data of 745 MHD patients and divided them into two groups: the infection group (75 cases with nosocomial infection) and the non-infection group (670 cases without nosocomial infection). The incidence rate and infection sites of nosocomial infection in MHD patients were described; we also used χ2 test and multi-variable logistic regression to explore risk factors of nosocomial infection in MHD patients. Results The incidence rate of nosocomial infection in MHD patients in Blood Purification of Enze Hospital was 10.07% (75/745). The most common infection sites were respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal tract infection and catheter related infection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR=2.912), diabetic nephropathy (OR=4.402), long duration of dialysis (OR=2.438), low level of serum albumin (OR=3.695), use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (OR=3.504) and bad self-care ability (OR=3.254) were risk factors of nosocomial infection. Conclusion MHD patients had a high incidence rate of nosocomial infection. The above risk factors should be considered. In combination with high-risk factors, effective preventive countermeasures should be taken early to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection in patients with MHD.
感染控制
维持性血液透析患者并发院内感染的危险因素 及对策分析
Risk Factors and Countermeasure Analysis of Nosocomial Infection in Patients with Hemodialysis
□ 蔡瑜玮 CAI Yu-wei 王艳萍 WANG Yan-ping 罗海萍 LUO Hai-ping来自摘要 Abstract
目的 探讨维持性血液透析 (MHD) 患者并发院内感染的特点及其相关危险因素并提出预防对策。方法 回顾性收集 745 例 MHD 患者的临床资料,依据患者是否并发院内感染分为感染组 (75 例 ) 和未感染组 (670 例 );分析 MHD 患者感染发生 率及其部位,采用 χ2 检验和多因素 Logistic 回归分别筛选 MHD 并发院内感染的危险因素。结果 恩泽医院血液净化中心 MHD 患者院内感染率为 10.07%(75/745),感染部位以呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染、胃肠道感染及导管相关感染为主;多因素 Logistic 回归结果显示,高龄 (OR=2.912)、合并糖尿病肾病 (OR=4.402)、透析时间长 (OR=2.438)、血清白蛋白低 (OR=3.695)、 使用广谱抗生素 (OR=3.504)、自护能力差 (OR=3.254) 为 MHD 并发院内感染的危险因素。结论 MHD 患者并发院内感染发生 率较高,应结合高危因素,早期采取有效预防措施,降低 MHD 患者院内感染发生率。
关键词 Key words:维持性血液透析 Maintenance hemodialysis;院内感染 Nosocomial infection;危险因素 Risk factor; 预防对策 Prevention countermeasures
维持性血液透析 (Maintenance hemodialysis,MHD) 是利 用血液透析或腹膜透析挽救患者生命、延长尿毒症患者生命的过 渡方法,MHD 已成为慢性肾衰患者的重要治疗方法。慢性肾衰 患者由于肾脏中毒素累积、免疫功能下降、代谢功能紊乱、频繁 有创治疗等各种因素的影响,容易发生院内感染,其感染率可高
作者单位:台州恩泽医疗中心 ( 集团 ) 恩泽医院 Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) Enze Hospital Email: caiyuwei1214@ 中图分类号:R197.3;文献标识码:A DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9069.2019.04.015
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