语言学导论Unit8练习

语言学导论Unit8练习
Unit 8 the Use of English (I)
T1. If the context of use is considered, the study is being carried out in the area of pragmatics.
F2. Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.
T3. It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered.
T4. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.
F5. The major difference between a sentence and an utterance is that a sentence is not uttered while an utterance is.
F6. A locutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.
F7. The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.
F8. Utterances always take the form of complete sentences F9. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.
T10. Speech act theory started in the late 50’s of the 20th century.
F11. In pragmatics, context refers to the sentences preceding and following the current word or sentence.
F12. Not all sentences we produce are meant to do things.
F13. A perlocutionary act is performed by the hearer.
T14. “I”, “now”, “here”, and “yesterday” are all deictic expressions.
F15. “John cooked Jane a cake” presupposes “John
cooked something for Jane”.
C1. ________found that natural language had its own logic and conclude cooperative principle
A John Austin
B John Firth
C Paul Crice
D Willliam Jones
C2. The meaning of language was considered as something _______ in traditional semantics.
A. contextual
B. behaviouristic
C. intrinsic
D. logical
D3. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.
A. reference
B. speech act
C. practical usage
D. context
B4. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.
A. pragmatic
B. grammatical
C. mental
D. conceptual
C5. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _________.
A. connotative
B. directive
C. utterance
D. expressive
B6. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _____.
A semantics
B pragmatics
C sociolinguistics
D psycholinguistics
A7. Speech act theory did not come into being until __________.
A. in the late 50’s of the 20the century
B. in the early 1950’s
C. in the late 1960’s
D. in the early 21st century.
C8. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the
consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.
A. A locutionary act
B. An illocutionary act
C. A perlocutionary act
D. A per formative act
B9. According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is ______.
A. to get the hearer to do something
B. to commit the speaker to something’s being the case
C. to commit the speaker to some future course of action
D. to express the feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairs.
C10. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ__________.
A. in their illocutionary acts.
B. in their intentions expressed
C. in their strength or force
D. in their effect brought about
B11. __________proposed that speech act can fall into five general categories
A Austin
B Searle
C Sapir
D Chomsky
How does the flouting of the maxims give rise to conversational implicatures? A: Do you know where Mr. Smith lives?
B: Somewhere in the southern suburbs of the city.
This is said when both A and B know that B does know Mr. Smith’s address. Thus
B does not give enough information that is required, and he has flouted the
maxim of quantity. Therefore, such conversational implicature as "I do not wish to tell you where Mr. Smith lives" is produced.
A: Would you like to come to our party tonight?
B: I'm afraid I' m not feeling so well today.
This is said when both A and B know that B is not having any health problem
that will prevent him from going to a party. Thus B is saying something that he himself knows to be false and he is violating the maxim of quality. The
conversational implicature " I do not want to go to your party tonight" is then
produced.
A: The hostess is an awful bore. Don't you think?
B: The roses in the garden are beautiful, aren't they?
This is said when both A and B know that it is entirely possible for B to make a comment on the hostess. Thus B is saying something irrelevant to what A has
just said, and he has flouted the maxim of relation. The conversational
implicative "I don't wish to talk about the hostess in such a rude manner" is
produced.
A: Shall we get something for the kids?
B: Yes. But I veto I - C - E - C - R - E - A - M.
This is said when both A and B know that B has no difficulty in pronouncing
the word "ice-cream." Thus B has flouted the maxim of manner. The
conversational implicature "I don’t want the kids to know we are talking about ice-cream" is then produced.。