错误归因范式下情感启动特点研究

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明度与决策树的呈现对于分离效应的发生均有影响。

在同时呈现“赢”、“输”、“不确定”情境、不提供决策树时,分离效应出现。

性别对于风险决策时的风险偏好和风险规避行为的选择有影响,男性相较于女性更易出现风险偏好行为。

关键词:分离效应;透明度;决策树;框架效应
A Study on whether th e Description of Problem Texts,the Transparency
and the Decision Tree will Influence the Disjunction Effect
Yu Wen Yah Go ng gu
Sc ho ol o f P sy c h o l o g y in Beijing Normal U ni ve r si t y,N ew Main Building1418,Beijing Normal Un i v e r si t y,
Ha id ia n District,Beijing,100875,asenyw@sina.eom
Abstrac t:In thi s rese arch,We sugge sted that th e disjuncfion effec t o c c n r s not only when peo ple accept option X wh ile knowing t h e
result of event A and deny it whil e the result of event A is unk no w n.b u t a l so whe n people deny opti on X w hil e knowing t h e r esu lt of
unknown.Wc also i n v e st i g a te wh et he r t he d e s cr i p t io n of p ro b le m texts,
event A an d aceeDt it whil e th e re su lt o f event A is
disjunetion effect.We uSe the d e s c ri p t i on r e v i s e d by B aga ssi a n d Maechi in 2006,
transparency and the decision tree will af fe c t t h e
a nd the method of data a na l y si s p ro po s ed by Limbdin and Burdsal in 2007.It is suggested that t h e de s c r ip t i o n o f p ro
b le m texts won’t
aff ec t t he disjuncfion ef f e c t.T h e wa n sp ar en cy and th e decision tree will af fec t t h e disjunction effect.When the“Win”,“Lose'’,“Disjunction'’version presented at t h e same time,and the decision tree not presented,the disjunction effect w il l o ce n r.A I S O,t h e r e is
ge nd er difference in the choice o f risk-seeking an d r i sk—a v oi di n g behaviors.Male is more ri sk-se ek in g.
Keywords:The disjunction effect;Transparency;The decision tr e e;T he fl amin g ef fe cts
任务无关情绪对延迟选择的影响
谢佳(通讯作者)李晓明湖南师范大学,长沙,
410081,xiejiajuzi@sina.COITI
摘要:延迟选择是指个体在应该做出选择的时候却决定不做选择,包括推迟选择(如选择延迟选项)、拒绝在可选项中选择
~个选项、用时间去搜寻更好的选择、避免决策的责任。

目前情绪对延迟选择的影响越来越受到人们的重视,但以往研究主
要集中在与决策任务相关的情绪,而对与当前决策任务无关的情绪鲜少涉及。

笔者从效价维度出发,探讨决策冲突和不同情
绪对延迟选择的影响。

结果显示,效价不同的情绪会对延迟选择产生不同影响,负性情绪会增加对延迟选项的选择;在高冲
突条件下,个体会也更多地采取延迟选择行为;当个体先前处于一种负性情绪状态时,决策冲突对延迟选择行为的影响更大。

关曩词:决策;延迟选择:任务无关情绪;决策冲突
The E仃ect of A mbie nt Moods on Choice Deferral
X ie Jia(corresponding author)Li Xiaoming
Hun an Normal University,ChangSha,410081,xiejiajuzi@sina.corn
Abstrac t:A cho ice d ef e rr al r ef e rs to a situadon i n wh i c h al l in d i v id u a l c hoo ses not to choose fo r t he time b e i n g.T h i s includes t ak i n g
time to search for bet t er a l t er n a t iv e s,c h o o s in g not to
purchase any of a var i et y of options,or avoiding responsibility for the decision
altog ethe r.C urre ntly,rel atio nsh ip bet w e e n e motion and choice de f er r al is attracting more and more at t e n ti o n,b u t previous st u di e s
just focuse d o n ta s k-r e l at e d emoti ons,am bie nt moods rarely in volved.Oper ating th e co nf li ct an d in ducing d i f ie r e nt le vel s of
emotion,this study inv e s t ig a t e d the e ff e ct o f ambien t moo ds o n choice d e fe r r a l.T h e results showed that d if fe re nt emotion has
di ff er en t impact o n choice deferral,negative m o od increased th e ch oic e of t he ch oic e de fe r ra l a lt e rn at i ve.I n t h e high c o nf l ic t
c on
d i t i on,t h
e i n d i v i d u al take more ch oi ce—d e
f er ra l behavior.When a n ind iv i du al previously in a negative mood stat e,t he e ffe ct of
decision con fl ic t to the choic e d e fe rr a l w a s greater.
Ke yw or ds:De ci si on making;Choice deferral;Ambient moo ds;D eci si on c on fl ic t
错误归因范式下情感启动特点研究
冯霞冯成志(通讯作者) 苏州大学心理学系,苏州,215123,
psyfeng@gmail.com
擅要;错误归因是指将导致某种效果的原因归于其它因素(Payne,Cheng,Govorun,&Stewart,2005),在日常生活中是一种常
见现象。

本研究利用情感启动刺激通过两个实验探讨情感性错误归因范式(Affecfive Misattribution Paradigm,AMP)下,启动
刺激类型(情绪词、普通情绪图片、面孔情绪图片)和对启动刺激的觉察意识(阈上和阈下)对情感启动的影响。

结果显示:
(1)AA4P范式下,存在显著的阈上和阈下情感启动效应;(2)闽上启动时,情绪词、普通情绪图片、面孔情绪图片均有显著的
情感启动效应,即启动物的情感色彩显著影响对中性目标物的评价判断,被试将中性模糊刺激赋予和启动刺激相同的情感效
价;(3)阂上三种SOA水平(100ms、1500ms、5000ms)下,启动物效价作用均显著(ps<.001),说明AMP范式下,启动物效348
价作用能持续至少5s:但启动刺激类型的主效应不显著,说明当启动刺激的效价相同时,不同类型的启动刺激具有相同的启动效果;(4)阈下启动时,仅在SOA为60ms时效价具有显著作用,说明闽下情感启动效应在较短的SOA内易出现,随
着SOA的延长情感启动效应减弱。

关键词:错误归因;情感启动;效价;SOA
Effects of StimuH Type and Awareness of Prime on Affective Priming Revealed by AMP
Feng X ia Feng Chengzhi(corresponding author)
De p a rt m en t of P s y c h o l o g y,S o o c h o w University,Suzhou,215123,psyfeng@gmail.corn Abstract:Misattribution re fer s to mistake a ll effect of o n e s o u y c e for t h e ef f ec t of another(Payne,Cheng,Govorun,&Stewart, 2005),and
it i s common in dai l y l i f e.Th e e xp eri me nt us ed a ff ec fi ve stimuli in t he A M P parad igm,and revealed t h e impact of
stimulus types and aw are ne ss o f p ri me O/1 a ff e c ti v e pr im in g b y t wo expe r im e nt s.
In experiment1,we use d e mot ion al Ch in es e wo rd s,no rma l p ic t u re s a n d face pict ur e s a s p r i m e s,t h e Heb rew w or ds a s neutral
ta rg et s.A ll t h e primes h ad the s a r e e extent valence(positive VS.negative).There a r e t h re e l ev el s o f SO A:lOOms,1500ms an d 5000ms b e tw e en th e prime and tar g et.T h e results showed that the valence of the three kinds of prime s could influence the evaluation
to the neutral targ et s s ig n if ic a nt ly u nd er all three SOA levels.It meant that t h e valence of th e prime co uld last for at le as t 5s,which i s not foun d in previ ous st u d i e s.
Only face pi ct u re s we r e u sed a s prim es in ex pe rim en t2.T he prime presented f o r 12ms to achieve the sumlim ina l priming,and t h e S OA ha d2l ev el s:601"ns a n d190ms.It w a s shown that th e ma i n e£f b ct of p ri m e Valen ce ex is t s;t he p r im e Va le nc e×S OA
in t e ra c ti o n Was si gn if ic an t.I n de ta il.th e valence of the prime only showed it s e髓ct at the sho r t er SO A and it dec ay ed wi廿l the
extension of SOA.
Keywords:Misattribut/on;Affective prime;Val en ce;SOA
不同唤醒度情绪面孔的阈下情绪启动效应
李甜甜(通讯作者)吕勇天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津,
300074,zitengyul2@163.corn
摘要:在0ms、200ms、300ms、500ms、700ms五种ISI条件下,阈下呈现高、中、低唤醒度的情绪面孔作为启动刺激,以马赛克过的中等唤醒度情绪面孔作为靶刺激,通过对靶刺激的唤醒度做四点判断来考察不同唤醒度情绪面孔的闽下情绪启动效应。

结果表明:在0ms、200ms、300ms、500ms四种条件下,被试在对靶刺激的唤醒度进行判断时出现了与启动刺激的唤醒度趋于一致的启动效应。

即在对靶刺激的唤醒度进行判断时,在高唤醒启动条件下被试判断的值显著大于低唤醒启动条件下被试判断的值。

而在700ms条件下,启动效应消失。

因此,不同唤醒度情绪面孔的阈下情绪启动效应在较短的ISI条件下才能发生,当ISI大于500ms时会减弱或消失。

关键词:阈下情绪启动;唤醒度;面孔;ISI
Subliminal Affective Priming Efiect by Faces with Dif:ferent Arousal
Li Tiantian(corresponding author)Lv Yong
Aca de my of Psy ch o lo gy and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin300074,zitengyul2@163,corn
Ab s tr a ct:
Th e ex pe ri me nt st u d i e d subliminal affective primi ng e ff e ct by fa c e s wit ll different arousal by rati ng th e a r o u s a l of am b i g u o u s med ium aro us a l f a ce s p re ce de d by subliminal presented hi gh,m ed i um and lo w a r ou s a l pr im e f a ce s unde r0ms,200ms,
300ms,500ms。

700ms five IS I condition s.The re sul ts showed血at whe n I S l w a s0ms,200ms,300ms and 500ms,participants showed a ro us al—co ns is t en t ch an ge s in af fe ct iv e r at in gs o f target face s.I n other words,larger ra t in g s c o r e we re found w im hi曲arousal faces than with lo w pr imes.But n o effects we Te present a t the longer lSl of700ms.Ther efore af fe c ti ve co n gr ue n cy e ff ec ts
we r e ob se rv ed onl y at the sh o r t ISI,when the IS I i s longer than500ms,the e ff ec ts wi ll be att e nu a t i o n o r disa ppe ar.Keywor ds:
Sub lim ina l affec ti ve p r i m in g;A r o u s a l;F a c e;I S I
自主支持及其替代感知对状态自我控制的影响
郑全全1(通讯作者)徐沙2 浙江大学心理系,浙江杭卅
l市天目山路148号1qqzheng@zju.edu.CII2twtyjj jf@163.corn
摘要:以三个实验室实验研究自主支持及其替代感知对状态自我控制的影响。

研究一采用Stroop为最初的自我控制任务,通过比较自主与压力情境下进行自我控制的被试在任务前后工作记忆容量的交化,考察自主支持对自我损耗效应的影响。

研究二要求被试对研究一Str oop任务的视频进行观点采择,通过比较视频观点采择前后被试工作记忆容量的变化,考察自主
支持的替代感知对替代损耗效应的影响。

研究三对比了自主支持对不同主体的影响。

结果发现:(1)自主情境下的被试比压力情境下的被试,更不容易产生自我损耗(或替代损耗)效应,且这种差异与被试的情绪变化、动机和自信均无关。

(2)自主支。

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