8D报告培训资料(PPT 40页)

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8D Training
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D2 Describe the Problem Elements D2 描述问题要素
• What is the Problem? Describe the failure mode. 问题是什么? 描述失效模式
• Where was it detected? 问题是在哪里被发现? • When was it detected? 问题是什么时候被发现? • What lots/date codes are affected?
• Not identifying the true processes, escape, and system root causes. 没有识别出过程、流出（逃脱）及系统的根本原因（真因）
• Not implementing system corrective actions. 没有实施系统性纠正措施
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D4 Root Cause D4 根本原因（真因）
• Root cause is the disease (starting point) that sets in motion the cause and effect chain that creates the problem or problems. 根本原因是产生问题或问题群的原因和影响开始发作的病源自8D Training11
D3 Containment Elements D3 围堵措施要素
• Has an effective containment method been identified and documented? 是否有有效的围堵方法已经被确定和文件化?
• Have dates (or date codes) for temporary containment actions been identified? 是否已经确定了临时围堵措施实施的日期（日期码）?
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8 Disciplines to Problem Solving 解决问题的8个准则
• D1 Establish a Team 组建问题解决小组 • D2 Describe the Problem 描述问题 • D3 Contain the problem 采取围堵措施（即短期对策） • D4 Identify the root causes 识别/确认根本原因（真因） • D5 Corrective Actions 确认纠正措施 • D6 Implement Corrective Actions 实施纠正措施（即长期对策） • D7 Prevent Recurrence 防止再发 • D8 Congratulate the Team 小组庆祝
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D1 Establish Team D1 组建问题解决小组
• Establish Cross Functional Team. 建立跨功能小组
• Identify a Champion. 确定小组长
• Members should be from all affected areas, not just quality! i.e. Sales, Logistics, Marketing, Engineering, Line Operators, Production Mgmt., etc… 小组成员应来自于所有被涉及区域，并非只是质量部 ！如销售、物流、市场、工程、生产线操作工、生产 管理等等······
• Not properly containing entire pipeline of product. 没有针对产品的所有流程采取正确的围堵措施
• Unclear or ambiguous wording. 对问题采取的不明确或模棱两可的描述
• Not meeting customer expectations regarding content and cycle time.
不符合客户关于内容及回复时间的要求
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8D Training
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CAR/8D Requirements CAR/8D的要求
• All corrective action requests must be completed using an 8D report (unless a different method is required by Customer). 所有的《纠正措施要求》必须采用8D报告形式（除非 客户要求采用不同的方法
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D3 Containment Example D3 围堵措施案例
• Poor Containment 差劲的围堵措施 – “Operator was alerted of the failure.” –让操作工提防/注意此不良
• Good Containment 完美的围堵措施 – “Production and warehouse material was inspected on 4/1/02 by J. Smith (quality assurance personnel) and there were 0 lots out of 320 containing mixed devices.” – J. Smith（质量保证人员）于4/1/02检查了生产线及仓库 材料
• Clearly Identify and Define the Problem. 明确识别和定义问题
• In many cases Problems are ambiguous or imprecise. 在许多案例中，问题是模棱两可或不明确的
• Clarity ensures that everyone is trying to solve the same Problem. 明确问题可确保任何人将尽力去解决问题
被影响的批次/日期码是那些? • How many pieces are affected?
被影响的数量是多少? • Is the Customer information included?
是否包含客户信息?
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8D Training
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D2 Describe the Problem Examples D2 描述问题案例
• Shutdown processes/equipment that is producing bad product. 停止正在制造不良的加工或装配
• Make sure containment actions are effective. 确保围堵措施是有效的
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货员）?
• Has detailed instructions on containment been issued to people responsible for containment? 是否给负责实施围堵措施的人员发放了详细的围堵作业指导书?
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8D Training
• Eliminate the problems the first time. 做到第一次就消除问题所在
• Prevention of future problems. 实现潜在问题的预防
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CAR/8D Report Problems 完成CAR/8D报告存在的问题
CAR/8D报告是福特公司解决问题的格式。它是我们所有行 业首选的解决问题的方法。
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8D Training
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CUSTOMER 8D EXPECTATION 客户应用8D的期望
• Immediate Containment. 采取迅速的围堵措施（短期对策）
• Clear identification of Root Cause. 真正识别问题产生的根本原因（真因）
– 客户在4/1/02接收到阻值错误的CRCW-63电阻。客户 订单号码441960（ Vishay订单号码X765644-30）指 定的CRCW-63电阻的阻值为8.2欧姆，而收到的 CRCW-63电阻的阻值为82欧姆。
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D3 Containment D3 围堵措施（短期对策）
• Robust Corrective Actions. 充分的纠正措施
• Verified Corrective Actions. 验证纠正措施
• System fixes. 系统化（即纠正措施标准化或文件化）
• 100% On-time response. 100%准时反应（即及时解决问题，准时回复客户）
• Have actions been verified with before and after data? 是否已经验证了围堵措施实施前后的效果?
• Has the entire pipeline been contained (production, warehouse, distributors)? 是否对产品的所有流程采取了围堵措施（如生产线、仓库及发
Vishay Customer
Corrective Action Request (CAR) Guidelines Vishay《客户纠正措施要求CAR》应用指南
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8D Training
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What is a CAR/ 8D? 何谓CAR/8D ?
A CAR/8D Report is a method to document, communicate, track and drive resolutions for quality issues.
• Must use Corporate format. 必须采用Vishay公司的格式
• Must use 8D checklist as a guideline in completing the 8D’s. 在完成报告的过程中必须采用8D检查表进行检查
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8D Training
• Poor Problem Description 差劲的问题描述
– “Customer received wrong part.”
– 客户接收到错误零件 • Good Problem Description 完美的问题描述
– “Customer received incorrect value CRCW-0603 resistors on 4/1/02. Customer P.O. 441960 (Vishay P.O. X765644-30) specified CRCW-0603, 8.2K ohm and received CRCW-0603, 82K ohm parts.”
• Containment is similar to quarantine. Quarantine does not cure a disease, but it keeps it from spreading.
围堵相似于病人隔离。隔离虽不能医好疾病，但可以防止疾病 的传播
• Find and segregate nonconforming products to prevent shipment to Customer. 查找和隔离不良品，防止发往客户
CAR/8D是针对品质问题而进行文件化、沟通、追踪及解决 问题的方法。
An 8D report is Ford Motor Company’s format for problem solving. It is the preferred method used throughout our industry.
• The Team should ask themselves do they have the correct skill mix to solve the problem? 小组应询问自己是否具有解决问题所必需的能力?
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8D Training
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D2 Describe the Problem D2 描述问题