2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：68

2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题
第五期（含答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Not all persons arrested and（）with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law.
问题1选项
A.sentenced
B.accused
C.persecuted
D.charged
【答案】D
【解析】sentenced判决，审判；accused指控，控告；persecuted迫害； charged指控，控告。

句意：并非所有被逮捕和被指控犯罪的人都是有罪的，刑事法院的主要职能是根据法律确定谁是有罪的。

accused和 charged都有指控的意思，但是accused不能与介词with搭配，而应与of搭配，所以选项D 正确。

2.
翻译题
五年前，如果一个中国大学生打算入伍当兵的话，那可是需要很多勇气的。

可今天，越来越多的大学生选择入伍当兵，这可要归功于部队对高级人才的要求，以及鼓励大学生入伍当兵的新政策。

24岁的小周是金融专业的毕业生，也是一个将目光转向部队以求发展的年轻人。

这个月初，他刚刚通过了征召入伍的体检。

“我希望通过部队的严格训练强身健体，锻炼心志。

我不担心入伍后我的事业发展，相反，我倒认为入伍参军本身就对事业发展很有好处。

”
随着现代战争和军事计划越来越需要复杂的技术和操纵能力，现代化部队急需受过良好教育的人才来完全掌握复杂的装备。

据北京征兵办公室消息，和2001年北京首次征召大学生入伍相比，大学生入伍比率从0.1 %提升到60%。

学士以上的学位有助申请入伍的成功率，如果你具有某些特别领域的知识，就更有优势。

譬如，各国之间军事交流中需要语言能力，语言专业的人就很有优势，电子通讯或电子学是未来军事竞争的关键领域，对这类人才的需求也很高。

为了吸引更多的高素质人才入伍，有关大学毕业生征召的宣传和奖励计划一直在进行。

事实上，这种入伍的经历很有意义，可以开阔视野，也可以让你有更多时间思考自己未来的事业，以及是否愿意投身部队。

【答案】If a Chinese college student intended to enlist as a soldier in the army, it took a lot of courage five years ago. But today, more and more college students choose to become an army soldier due to the needs of the armies for senior talents, as well as the new policies encouraging students to join the army.
24 -year-old Zhou, as finance major, is also turning his attention to the force in order to seek his own development. Earlier this month, he just passed the physical examination of the call to army. “I hope a stocky body and a strong mind can be gained by the thorough training of the force. I’m not bothered about my career development after joining the army; on the contrary, I think it benefits to my career development. ”
Modern armies badly need the well-educated people to complete the complicated equipment, as the modern warfare and the military plans increasingly need complex technique and operational capability. It is the conscription office stated that comparing with firstly enlisting recruits from college students in 2001, the enrollees from university graduates increase from 0.1% to 60% in Beijing. Bachelor or above will be useful for the successful application of the recruitment. You will have more advantages if you maintain the knowledge in some specific field. For example, the person of language major has a big advantage due to the need of the language competence for the military exchanges. The qualified person from electronic communications or electronics which represent a key field of the future military competition has a high demand.
In order to attract more high-quality talents to join the army, publicity and rewards program have been engaging in the college graduates being called up. In fact, this is meaningful, which broadens your horizons, leaves more time for mapping out your whole future career as well as whether or not to be willing to engage in the forces.
3.
单选题
As a result, they had to（）answering their letter by three days.
问题1选项
A.decide
B.refrain
C.surpass
D.delay
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配。

选项中只有delay后面可以接动名词。

句意：他们不得不推迟三天回信。

所以本题选D。

4.
单选题
As online computer systems become more popular, televisions and computers are increasingly ( ) . Such technologies combine the capabilities of computers, television etc., and greatly expand the services that can be provided.
问题1选项
A.separated
B.segregated
C.integrated
D.intersected
【答案】C
【解析】separated分开，隔开；segregated隔离，分离；integrated结合；intersected分割。

句意：随着在线计算机系统变得越来越流行，电视和计算机日益融合。

这些技术结合了计算机、电视等的功能，极大地扩展了所能提供的服务。

选项C符合句意。

5.
单选题
Human evolution is lengthy process of change ( ) people originated from apelike ancestors. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioral traits shared by all people evolved over a period of at least 6 million years.
问题1选项
A.of which
B.by which
C.for which
D.by that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人类的进化是一个漫长的变化过程，人类起源于类人猿的祖先。

科学证据表明，所有人共有的生理和行为特征都是在至少600万年的时间里进化出来的。

6.
单选题
The artist has made a ( ) of combining the first-rate photography and design with advanced technology in every piece of work he produces.
问题1选项
A.discipline
B.principle
C.proposal
D.principal
【答案】A
【解析】discipline学科，纪律，训练，惩罚；principle原则，原理；proposal 建议，提议；principal 首长，校长。

句意：这位艺术家在他的每一件作品中都把一流的摄影和设计与先进的技术结合起来。

选项A符合句意。

7.
单选题
Bangladeshi communities that are already being poisoned by arsenic-tainted（含砷） groundwater are facing an appalling new threat. Their rice and vegetables are also laced with high level of arsenic.
The health effects of eating such tainted food are not yet known, but the ramifications（门类） could be enormous. The WHO says contaminated drinking water alone could kill 270,080 Bangladeshis over the next decade.
In a terrible irony, arsenic entered the Bangladeshi water supply when UNICEF and other international agencies sank millions of tube veils to provide clean drinking water. But the wells tapped into groundwater contaminated by arsenic from sedimentary deposits deep below Bangladesh. To deal with the problem, UNICEF and the World Bank have been testing water from wells and marking them safe or dangerous — but that testing program has been found to be flawed.
To make matters worse, water from the wells is also used to irrigate paddy（水稻）fields. However, until now it wasn’t known whether or not the rice was accumulating-arsenic. Tests on rice samples from around Bangladesh had found that arsenic levels did indeed vary according to the strength of local arsenic contamination in the soil and groundwater.
Arsenic levels in different varieties of rice ranged from about 0.05 to 1.8 parts per million. In Europe and the US, levels are around 0.05 parts per million. The WHO recommends a maximum level of 0.01 parts per million in drinking water — but therefore, no guidelines for levels in foods.
Ravi Naidu at CSIRO in Adelaide and his colleagues have been studying the uptake of arsenic from the soil by Bangladeshi crops.
Their data shows that arum, a popular vegetables has arsenic levels of nearly 150 parts per million. It is usually grown in wet zones adjacent to the tube wells. But some vegetables such as spinach and beans are relatively free from arsenic. The rice grains studied by Naidu’s team had arsenic levels that ranged from undetectable to over 1.6 parts per million. Their calculation show that nearly 30 per cent of the total arsenic intake for people in Bangladesh may be coming from their food.
If the body can absorb arsenic from food — and this is yet to be proven —then merely tackling drinking water contamination will not be enough. Researchers fear that paddy fields will continue to be irrigated from poisoned tube wells because Bangladesh does not have enough arsenic-free water for agriculture.
1.The central idea of the passage is about（）.
2.From the passage we learn that water contamination of Bangladesh was caused by（）.
3.The passage implies that the arsenic in drinking water in Europe and the US is（）.
4.In order to reduce arsenic intake, the Bangladeshis should avoid eating（）.
5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? 问题1选项
A.the contamination of water and crops in Bangladesh
B.how to cultivate rice free of arsenic
C.the serious consequences of arsenic intake
D.how to solve the water shortage problems in Bangladesh
问题2选项
A.mining the sedimentary deposits under Bangladesh
B.the help from UNICEF and other international agencies
C.refining the arsenic from groundwater
D.river water that flow into the tube wells
问题3选项
A.around 1.8 parts per million
B.around 0.05 parts per million
C.over 0.5 parts per million
D.less than 0.01 parts per million
问题4选项
A.arum
B.spinach
C.beans
D.rice
问题5选项
A.Water accounts for 70% of the arsenic intake for the Bangladeshis.
B.Researchers doubt that the body can absorb arsenic from food.
C.People in Bangladesh will soon be free of arsenic intake.
D.Crops in Bangladesh will continue to be irrigated from poisoned tube wells.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.结合原文内容可知，第一段为本文的中心思想。

孟加拉国的水资源和农作物中都含有高浓度的砷，即受到了污染，选项A符合原文。

2.根据第三段的第一句“In a terrible irony, arsenic entered the Bangladeshi water supply when UNICEF and other international agencies sank millions of tube veils to provide clean drinking water.”特别讽刺的是，当联合国儿童基金会和其他国际机构为提供清洁饮用水而埋设数百万管状面纱时，砷进入了孟加拉国的供水系统。

由此使得孟加拉国的供水受到了污染，所以选项B正确。

3.根据第五段的内容，不同品种水稻的砷含量在0.05~1.8 ppm之间，在欧洲和美国，含量约为0.05%。

而根据上文提到的，水稻中砷的含量会根据土壤和地下水中砷污染的强度而变化，欧洲和美国的水稻砷含量为最低标准，说明其饮用水中砷的含量也不超过世界卫生组织建议的最高含量百万分之0.01。

所以选项D正确。

4.根据倒数第二段的内容可知，广受欢迎的海芋砷含量接近百万分之150，而菠菜和大豆相对来说不含砷，米粒的砷含量也没有超过百万分之1.6。

所以孟加拉人应该避免吃海芋。

选项A正确。

5.根据最后一段的最后一句“Researchers fear that paddy fields will continue to be irrigated from poisoned tube wells because Bangladesh does not have enough arsenic-free water for agriculture.”由于孟加拉国没有足够的无砷农业用水，稻田将继续从有毒的管井中灌溉。

所以选项C错误。

8.
单选题A poor man has to（）many things which a rich man regards as almost necessaries in life.
问题1选项
A.go through
B.go without
C.go over
D.go about
【答案】B
【解析】动词词组辨析。

go through通过，仔细检查；go without没有……也行，常指被迫如此；go over 复习；go about着手做。

句意：穷人没有那些富人认为是生活中必不可少的东西也能活。

选项B符合句意。

9.
单选题
A growing number of companies are now trying to serve “segments of one.” They attempt to ( ) their offer and communication to each individual customer. This is understandable with large industrial companies that have only a few major customers.
问题1选项
A.adopt
B.adapt
C.incorporate
D.exclude
【答案】B
【解析】adopt采取，接受；adapt使适应；incorporate包含，吸收，合并；exclude排除。

句意：越来越多的公司正试图服务于“一个部分”。

他们试图让客户适应他们所提供的服务并和每一个个体客户进行沟通。

对于只有少数主要客户的大型公司来说，这是可以理解的。

选项B符合句意。

10.
单选题
As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming（） : The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.
问题1选项
A.interruption
B.description
C.qualification
D.contradiction
【答案】D
【解析】interruption中断，干扰之事；description描述，说明；qualification 资格，条件；contradiction矛盾。

句意：欧洲科学家称，随着数百万候鸟在天空中飞来飞去，这一季节性奇迹似乎取决于一个看似的事实:鸟儿越胖，飞行效率越高。

根据后面的句意可知是矛盾的，所以选项D正确。

11.
单选题
President Bush came to his parent’s century-old summer home on the Maine coast for a little relaxation, a distant cousin's wedding and some family time. However, several hundred anti-war demonstrators ( ) on his visit.
问题1选项
A.intruded
B.invaded
C.intwined
D.inturned
【答案】A
【解析】intrude on打扰，侵扰；invade侵略，侵犯； intwine盘绕，缠绕；inturned内弯的。

句意：布什总统来到他父母位于缅因州海岸的百年避暑别墅，来放松一下，参加一个远房表亲的婚礼，并与家人共度时光。

然而，数百名反战示威者侵扰了他的观光。

选项A符合句意。

12.
单选题
Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will（）down the economy.
问题1选项
A.put
B.settle
C.drag
D.knock
【答案】C
【解析】动词词组辨析。

put down放下；settle down安居，安定下来；drag down向下拖，其比喻义为：使衰弱，拖垮；knock down击倒，拆卸。

句意：没人知道金融体系的动荡会拖垮经济多长时间、有多严重。

根据how long and how seriously可知，选项C更符合语境。

13.
单选题
The German general staff made another dangerous concession to what they considered a military necessity. The plan would be （） not when countries formally declared war but simply when they ordered mobilization.
问题1选项A.triggered
B.triggering
C.trifling
D.trifled
【答案】A
【解析】trigger引起，发动； trifle浪费，嘲弄。

根据句意：德国总参谋部对他们认为是军事需要的东西又作了危险的让步。

该计划不会在国家正式宣战时启动，而只是在国家下令动员时启动。

首先排除选项C和D，计划是被启动，所以选项A正确。

14.
单选题
The party leader justified his subsequent re-election（）that he had brought political stability and economic development to his country.
问题1选项
A.in the way
B.by no means
C.on the grounds
D.to the extent
【答案】C
【解析】in the way妨碍，挡道；by no means决不；on the grounds由于……的原因，理由是……；to the extent到……的程度。

句意：这位党的领导人为他后来的连任辩护，理由是他为他的国家带来了政治稳定和经济发展。

选项C符合句意。

15.
单选题
At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club（）open until midnight was defeated. 问题1选项
A.remains
B.remain
C.remained
D.would remain
【答案】B
【解析】虚拟语气。

motion表示提议、建议，后面要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，所以本题选B。