广州版年级英语下册语法U冠词play用法

广州初一英语语法学案
Unit1 定冠词the 和动词play 的使用方法
Alice is my best friend. She is a tall girl with glasses. She often tells jokes to make me laugh, but she never makes fun of others. Alice is a smart girl. He is good at Maths. We often study and play table tennis together. I hope we will always remain friends .
考纲要求1.掌握冠词泛指、特指的使用方法；
2.掌握定冠词和不定冠词的常见搭配；
3.冠词和名词连用表达类别。

命题规律冠词考察的内容重要集中在三种冠词的搭配及其使用方法上。

一、重难点
1）不定冠词a 和an 的区别；
2）定冠词the 的运用；
3）零冠词的使用方法；
4）冠词的固定搭配。

5）play 的动词搭配
二、精讲点拨
冠词一共有三种，分别是不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词的状况）。

学习冠词我们首先需要明确几个概念。

特指：指特定的人或物，名词前用定冠词the。

如，the man in the mirror, the water in the glass, the three students
泛指：泛泛提及的人或事物。

a boy, a movie，three students
类指：人或者物分类时的所指，用于区别其它的人或事物。

A dog is an animal.
The dog is an animal.
Dogs are animals.
Water is a kind of liquid.
Warm-up: Reading
1.不定冠词a 和an 多用来修饰单数可数名词
1）a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，
如：a boy, a university student;
an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前，如：an apple, an honest boy
注意:有些字母即使是元音字母，但是却不发元音，如字母u, 以u 开头的单词第一种音凡是发[juː]前面皆用a，若第一种音为[ʌ]前面则用an，如：a useful book, an uncle.
2)表达类别：这种使用方法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一种或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体阐明是何人或何物。

例如：
That is a pen, not a pencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。

（指属于某一种类）
Give him a pear, please! 请给他一种梨。

（指某一种类中的任何一种）
3)和one 的区别：a/an 表达类别,种类；one 强调数量
a bus （表达是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车）
one bus (强调是一辆车而不是两辆或三辆)
4)表达基本单位，作“每一”讲。

例如：three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo
six class a day thirty miles an hour 等。

【即时即练1】
选用a 或an 填空
（1）His sister is teacher.
（2）This is young man.
（3）Jack wants to be English teacher.
（4）Miss Lee is lady nurse.
（5）university teacher lives near us.
（6）I will call you in half hour.
（7）People have three meals day.
（8）Jeremy is honest student.
（9）What interesting movie it is!
（10）My dream is to be engineer.
2.定冠词the 的使用方法：
1）定冠词的最基本的使用方法是“特指”：表达某个或某些特定的人或物。

如：Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。

2）
第一次提到的东西用不定冠词a(n)，第二次提及则用the。

如：Peter has a dog. The dog is very clever.
There is a book on the desk. The book is very interesting.
3）the 用于说话人和听话人双方都懂得的人或物。

如：Open the window, please.
May I use the computer?
4）the 用于世上独一无二的名称前。

如：The earth moves around the sun.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
5）the 用于表达方位和表西洋乐器的名词前。

如：Peter is the boy on the left.
The sun rises in the east.
Rose can play the piano.
6）the 用于姓氏复数形式前，表达某人夫妇或一家人。

如：The Greens are from England.
The Browns have a holiday in Wales.
7）the 用于形容词序数词和最高级前。

如：I live on the third floor.
She is the most beautiful girl in our class.
8）the 与某些形容词连用表达一类人。

如：The rich have a lot of money.
We should help the old.
9）用在由普通名词构成的表达场合或国家的专有名词前。

the Great Wall 长城the Summer Place 颐和园
the People’s Square人民广场t he United States 美国
10）用于某些固定词组中。

例如:
in the morning / afternoon / evening，by the way 等
【即时即练2】
1.There is old bike. old bike is Mr. Zhao's.
A. an; The
B. the; An
C. a; The
D. the; The
2. apple a day keeps the doctors away.
A. The
B.A
C. An
D. Two
3.—How many books do you have?
—I have book. That's English book.
A. a; an
B. a; one
C. one; an
D. one; one
4.At that time Tom was eight-year-old baby.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D./
5. tiger is from China.
A. The; a
B. A; the
C. The; /
D. The; the
6.We can't see sun at night.
A. the; the
B. the;/
C. a;/
D./;/
7.One afternoon he found handbag. There was “s”on the corner of handbag.
A. a; an; the
B. a; a; the
C. an; an; an
D. the; a; a
8. old lady with white hair spoke English well at meeting.
A. An; an; a
B. The; /; an
C. The; /; a
D. The; /; the
9. Great Wall is longest wall in the world.
A. A; a
B. The; the
C. A; the
D. The; a
10. woman over there is popular teacher in our school.
A. A; an
B. The; a
C. The; the
D. A; the
3.零冠词的使用方法：
1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词
Electricity is useful in our daily life.
Ice feels cold.
Knowledge is power,2）
国名、地名和人名前一般不用定冠词
England Guangzhou Mary Mr. Green
3）在星期、月份、季节等名词前
Sunday March summer winter
4）名词前有物主代词、批示代词、不定代词、名词全部格修饰时(my，this，those，these 等)
如：this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等
5）在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前
如：have breakfast play chess play basketball
6）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表达一种方式时，中间无冠词
by bus by train by car by air by bike by plane
7）有些个体名词不用冠词
如：school，college/university，prison，hospital，bed，table，church，等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表达该名词的深层含义；
go to hospital 去医院看病
go to the hospital 去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其它目的)
【即时即练3】
1.--- What day was it yesterday?
--- It was Wednesday.
A. a
B. the
C. an
D. /
2.--- Does she speak Chinese ?
--- Yes. Though she lives in New York.
A. a
B. an
C. /
D. the
3.March 12 is Tree-planting Day.
A. /
B. the
C. a
D. an
4.Does Miss Li go to work on bus or on foot?
A. an; /
B. a; /
C. a; the
D. /; /
5.He likes to listen to music on cell phone(手机).
A. /; the
B. the; /
C. an; the
D. a; the
6.--- Did they go to Yunnan by train?
--- No, they went there by air.
A. /; a
B. /; /
C. a; the
D. the; a
7.It is too cold in the north in winter.
A. /
B. a
C. an
D. the
8.--- What is your hobby?
--- My hobby is playing chess with my father.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D./
4.play 的使用方法
1）play 能够用作不及物动词,意思是“玩”
The children are playing.
Don’t play with fire.
2)play 用作及物动词，意思是“打……（球）；弹……（乐器）”
He is a football fan and likes playing football very much.
Lang Lang could play the piano when he was three.
3)play 还能够做名词，TV plays 电视剧
【即时即练4】
翻译
1.他每天放学后和他朋友一起玩。

2.他会弹吉他。

3.打篮球是我的爱好之一。

三、巩固提高
一．冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入合适冠词，不需用冠词处划×。

1.There is picture of elephant on wall.
2.This is useful book. I've read it for hour.
3. elephant is much heavier than horse.
4. doctor told him to take medicine three times day.
5.Let's go out for walk.
6.It's too hot. Open door，please.
7.There is woman over there. woman is Meimei's mother.
8. sun rises in east.
9. Changjiang River is longest river in China.
10.Washington is capital of USA.
11. Greens are living at the end of Turner Street.
12.He joined the army in spring of 1995.
13. old man is teacher. He likes playing basketball after supper.
14.They went to People's Park，but we both went to People's Cinema yesterday.
15.Tomorrow is Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose Christmas tree today.
二．语法填空
1 Turners(特纳一家) come from
2 USA. They’re now in Beijing.
3 is their first time to be in China. They’re going to stay
4 China for three months. They want
5 some big cities and learn a little Chinese.
Mr. Turner is a driver. He likes to drive in Beijing. Mrs. Turner is 6 u niversity teacher. Betty, 7 daughter is a schoolgirl. They take a lot of photos here. 8 they are back to America, they will show them 9 their friends. They want 10 to know more about China.
1. A. A B. An C. The D. /
2. A. A B. An C. The D. /
3. A. This B. Those C. That D. These
4. A. in B. on C. at D. inside
5. A. visit B. visits C. to visit D. visiting
6. A. a B. an C. the D. /
7. A. our B. their C. his D. theirs
8. A. Where B. What time C. When D. How
9. A. with B. to C. for D. at
10. A. the Americans B. the American C. the Chinese D. the USA
三．完形填空
One day a rich man wanted to sell some goods(物品) in another town and buy some things there. He 1 t o take ten servants(仆人) with him. They would carry the goods and also some
2 to eat on their way. The rich man said to
3 of his servants, "Ali, you are the
4 and the weakest one. You may
5 the lightest load(担子) to carry." Ali thanked him and chose the
6 load. It was their food bread. The rich man said, "How foolish(愚蠢) you are! That's the heaviest one." But Ali was
7 to lift it up. And so they set off. Four hours
8 , they stopped for a rest. They all
9 some of the bread. Then there was 10 bread for Ali to carry. Each time they ate some, the load became smaller and lighter. At last the clever servant had nothing to carry.
() 1. A. agreed B. liked C. decided D. refused
( ) 2. A. food B. goods C. water D. meat
( ) 3. A. all B. both C. none D. one
( ) 4. A. tallest B. smallest C. busiest D. fastest
( ) 5. A. find B. give C. choose D. carry
( ) 6. A. lightest B. smallest C. best D. biggest
( ) 7. A. glad B. worried C. sorry D. tired
( ) 8. A. early B. later C. past D. last
( ) 9. A. loved B. put C. called D. ate
( ) 10. A. more B. little C. less D. no
四．阅读理解
A
Look at the instructions on the bottle of the medicine and then choose the right answers.
John is twelve years old. He had a bad cold and coughed day and night. He went to see a doctor. The doctor gave him some cough medicine.
Cough Medicine
Shake(动摇) it well before use. Take it three times each day before meals.
Dose(药量): Age: over 14 2 teaspoonfuls(勺)
8-13 1 teaspoonful
4-7 1/2 teaspoonful
Not right for children below the age of three. Put it in a cold place. Use it before December 1st, .
1.John should take a day.
A. 2 teaspoonfuls
B. 3 teaspoonfuls
C. 4 teaspoonfuls
D. 1 teaspoonfuls
2.The medicine should be kept in .
A. a fridge
B. hot water
C. any place
D. the sun
3.John should before he takes it.
A. shake the medicine
B. eat nothing
C. do some exercise
D. drink a cup of tea
4.When people are years old, they cannot take this medicine.
A. eighty
B. thirty
C. two
D. twelve
5.John will the medicine when it is left after Dec. 1 st, .
A. throw away
B. stop to take
C. take once
D. take six times more
B
A potato farmer was in prison(监狱). It was time to dig the field and plant the potatoes. He knew that his wife was not strong, and could not do the digging. And he also knew that no friends or neighbours would help his wife do the digging. So he wrote a letter to his wife and said:“Please do not dig the potato field. I hid our money there.”
The days later he got a letter from his wife. It said:“I think somebody read your letter before it got out of the prison. Some policemen came here two days ago and dug up the potato field. What shall I do now?”
The farmer wrote back:“Plant the potatoes, of course.”
1.Where was the potato farmer?
A.In prison
B. On his farm
C. At home
2.Which is true about the potato farmer’s wife?
A.She was in prison too.
B.She dug the potatoes field.
C.She was not very strong and could not dig the potato field.
3.Did the farmer hide their money in the potato field?
A.Yes he did.
B. No, he did not.
C. I don’t know.
4.Who dug the potato field?
A.The farmer.
B. The farmer’s wife.
C. Some policemen.
5.Why did the policemen dig up the whole potato field?
A.Because they wanted to help the farmer.
B.Because they wanted to get the money in the field.
C.Because they wanted to help the farmer’s wife.
C
The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes you'll get your words mixed up(混合) and people will not understand you. Sometimes people will say things so quickly that you can' t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor(幽默感)，you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. Don't be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It's better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you，because they don't understand what you are
saying. The most important thing for learning English is：“Don't be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.”
1.The writer thinks that the best way for you to learn a language is .
A. writing
B. listening
C. using it
D. learning grammar
2.What should you do in learning English?
A.Be careful not to make any mistake.
B.Write as quickly as you can.
ugh more often.
D.Speak English as much as you can.
3.When people laugh at your mistakes，you should .
A. not care
B. be happy
C. feel worried
D. be unhappy
4.When you make a mistake，you should .
A. keep quiet
B. keep your sense of humor
C. be kind
D. get angry
5.The story tells us：“”.
A.Only foolish(愚蠢的) people make mistakes
B.Few people make mistakes
C.People never make mistakes
D.There is no one who doesn't make mistakes
D
My name is Lily．My father is a teacher．His students love him a lot because he is funny．I love him too，but I think he can be ‘foolish’sometimes．
Once we moved house and had to go shopping to buy new chairs and lights．In the supermarket．we saw many beautiful lights．I like some of them and made my father buy them．When we got home．my father began to work out how much money we had spent that day．Suddenly, he stopped．“Something is wrong．”he said，“I have got 300 yuan more than I should．”
“That' s great,”I said,‘'You can buy me that cartoon book then,”Father said nothing . Instead，he counted how much money he had again and again．“The salesgirl must have made a mistake(错误)．We should go back to the shop，”he said．“Do we have to go back?”l asked，“Nobody will know she gave us too much change．It would be foolish to go back．”“It would not be foolish，”my father said angrily, “It' s called being honest．”At that moment, I looked into his
eyes and knew he was right．
The salesgirl was surprised to see us in the shop again．But when we gave her money, she thanked us a lot．Suddenly my father stopped me and smiled．“Do you still want that cartoon book?”he asked．I looked at my‘foolish’father and answered loudly, “Father, you’re the greatest!”
1.Why did they go to the shop?
A.To buy chairs and lights．B．To take a
walk．C．To buy a cartoon book for Lily．D．Just to look around．
2.Why didn't Lily let her father return the money to the shop? Because .
A.nobody knew what had happened (发生)
B.the shop was too far away
C.they were too tired to go back to the shop
D.she wanted to buy a cartoon book with the money
3.What's the meaning (意思)of the word “change” in the passage (文章) ?
A.something new B．something different
C．small money D．another kind of money
4.Why was her father angry when Lily didn't let him return the money? Because .
A.he didn't like money
B.he didn't think it would be honest
C.he didn't want to buy the cartoon book for Lily
D.he was a funny teacher
5.What do you think of Lily's father?
A.He's foolish．B．He's smart．C．He's honest．D．He's bright．
【即时即练1】参考答案
五.学生反思
学到了什么? 一定也有疑问吧！
(1) a (2) a （3）an (4) a (5) A
(6) an (7) a (8) an (9) a (10) an
【即时即练2】
1~5 A C C B C 6~10 B A C B B
【即时即练3】
1~5 D C A D A 6~8 B A D
【即时即练4】
1.He plays with his friends after school every day .
2.He can play the guitar.
3.Playing basketball is one of my hobbies.
巩固提高
一、冠词填空
1. a, an, the
2. a, an
3. An, a 或The, the
4. The, the, a
5. a
6. the
7. a, the
8. The, the
9. The, the, / 10. the, the
11. The, the 12. the, / 13. The, a, /, / 14. the, the 15. /, a
二、语法填空
1~5 C C A A C 6~10 B B C B A
三、完形填空
1~5 C A D B D 6~10 D A B D C
四、阅读理解
A 篇：D A A C A
B 篇：A
C B C B
C 篇：C
D A B D
D 篇：A A C B C。