(一)复合句概述.

Is it certain that he will come? 他要来确定吗？ Is it true that he would take the risk? 他要承担很大的风险是真的吗？
（4）it作形式主语置于句首时的 结构
1）“It+be+形容词+that从句”结 构，常用于这种句型的形容词有： fortunate, possible, (un)likely, strange, probable, true, doubtful等，如： It is strange that no one wants to go there. It is likely that he will come.
The question is where we should go. That is why he was late.
5. as if/though引导的
表语从句 He looks as if he were angry.
（2004全国Ⅰ，31）
解析：本题考查表语从句的关联词。 are saying that disagreeYou 一般做不及物动词，作及 everyone should be equal, 物动词时也不直接跟名词、代词做 and and this is __ I disagree. 宾语。 连接两个并列成分， this A 指代上句所说的内容。根据逻辑意 why B where C what D how 义，应选B。where在从句中作地点 状语，意思是“这就是我不同意的地方”
（一）复合句概述
复合句由一个主句和一个或 一个以上的从句构成。主句和从 句都具有完整的主谓结构，但主 句是全局的主体，从句只是全句 中的一个成分，不能独立存在。 从句通常是用引导词来引导的。 在这里引导词还起联系从句和主 句的作用。
1.从句的分类
复合句根据其从句在句子中所做 的成分，可分为：名词性从t+ seem/happen等不及物 动词+that分句，如： It seems that it is going to rain soon. It now appears that they are in trouble.
3.whether引导的主语从句 Whether she will go there is not known. 还不知道她是否要去那里。 Whether I will accept the job is not decided. 从句置于句首时必须用 whether引导，置于句尾时， 有时if可以和whether交换。
4. wh-疑问词引导的主语从句 What we need is your help. What she said is not true. That is why he left his hometown. It is not known why he did this.
5.-ever引导的主语从句
（四）宾语从句 1.宾语从句概述 宾语从句在句中起宾语的作 用。它可以作动词的宾语，也可 以做介词、不定式、分词、动名 词以及某些形容词（如sure, glad, pleased等）的宾语。宾语 从句可以由连词that, whether, if; 代词who, whose, what, which; 和副词when, where, how, why等引导
常跟that从句作宾语的形容词有： anxious, aware, certain, glad, confident, convinced, determined, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等
（三）表语从句 1.表语从句概述 表语从句在复合句中做主句的 表语。一般放在主句的谓语动词 （联系动词）之后，引导表语从 句的词有连词that, whether, as if;代词who, what, which; 副词when, where, how, why等
The question is whether it is worth doing. It looks as if it was going to snow. That is what he is worried about. This is how she did it.
That he will come is certain. 他会来是毫无疑问的。 Who will go makes no difference. 谁去都没有关系。 How this happened is not clear. 这究竟是怎样发生的还不清楚。 Why he did that was a secret. 他为何要那样做还是一个谜。
（1）作动词的宾语 I heard that he joined the army. （2）做介词的宾语 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
我们的成功在于我们彼此能够很好的合作。
（3）作形容词的宾语 I am afraid(that) I’ve made a mistake.
（2004北京，24）
The Foreign Minister said, ”__ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A This is B There is 解析：本题中it为形式主语， C That is D It is 真正的主语为that引导的从句。
I think (that) he’ll be all right in a few days.
我想他几天后就会好了。 Do you know who(whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose dictionary it was.
2.宾语从句在句中的位置
（2001上海，27） __ she couldn’t understand 主语从句 she couldn’t understand was __ fewer and fewer students showed interest in 缺少宾语，要用 what 引导。表语 从句 fewer and fewer students her lessons. showed interest in her lessons A What; why B That; what 是一个完整的句子，要用why引导 C What;because D Why; that
2.that引导的主语从句 (1)that引导主语从句时，不同于 其他的连词，在主语从句中无任 何意义，也不充当任何成分，只 是单纯的连词，通常不可以省略.
That he will succeed is certain. 他会成功是肯定的。 That he got the first place is true. 他得了第一是肯定的。
whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever表示“无论 什么”“无论谁”“无论何时”“ 论在 哪里”，语气比what, who, when 等强烈。 Whatever I have is yours.
Whoever comes will be welcome.
A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about 解析： 引导表语从句， what C how what I feel about it 在表语从句中做主语。 D when I feel excited
(2003北京春季，25) -Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game? -Oh, that’s ____.
3）“It+be+-ed分词+that从句” 结构，常用于这种句型的过去 分词有：said, believed, reported, pointed out, discussed, proved, decided等 It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon. It is demanded that he leave at once.
关系代词 who; whom; which; that 关系副词 when; where; why
（二）主语从句
1.主语从句概述 主语从句在复合句中作主句 的主语。引导主语从句的词有连 词that, whether;疑问代词who, what, which;疑问副词when, where, why, how.
2）”It+be+名词词组+that从句“ 结构，常用于这种句型的名词 及名词词组有：good news, common knowledge, an honour, a pity, a shame, no wonder, a mystery等，如： It is common knowledge that the earth turns around the sun.
当表语从句为不确定的语气时， 用whether来引导，此时通常不可 用if代替whether It was uncertain whether he would come. The question is whether people will buy it.
4. wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
当表语从句为疑问的语气时， 用wh-疑问词来引导，要注意表语 从句的语序要用陈述句的语序
3.宾语从句的引导词 （1）that引导的宾语从句 1）当宾语从句是陈述句时，由 that引导，这时that在宾语从句 中无意义，不充当任何成分，常 省略，如：
名词性从句
形容词性从句 副词性从句
主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 状语从句
2.复合句的引导词 从属连词 that; whether; if
although/though; because when; before; after since; as; while as soon as;as long as;as if who; whom; which; 连接代词 what; whose 连接副词 when; where; why; how
2.that引导的表语从句
当表语从句为陈述句的语气时， 用that来引导，that无任何意义， 不充当任何句子成分 The fact is that the child is lying. The trouble is that we are short of money.
3. whether引导的表语从句
（4）it可以做形式宾语，而真正 的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特 别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month. （5）有些动词后不能跟that从 句做宾语，这类动词有：allow, let, refuse, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等
（2）在通常情况下，that引导主 语从句时，常用it作形式主语， 而将that从句置于句尾，如： It is certain that he will succeed. It is true that he got the first place.
(3)如果以that从句为主语的句子 是疑问句，就只能用it作形式 主语结构，如：