步进电机（Steppermotor）

步进电机（Stepper motor）
Interactive Encyclopedia, new knowledge agency, HDWIKI website, mobile help, free registration, login hot words list, picture video task, WE public welfare integral, Encyclopedia of etiquette, Encyclopedia of the world, the largest Chinese Encyclopedia
Classification of entry Technology: classification of stepper motor: manufacturing medical equipment application system technology computer terminology
Edit entry share
New knowledge agency Sina, micro-blog Renren, Tencent,
micro-blog mobile lobbyists, NetEase, micro-blog happy 001 Tianya MSN
This entry was created by the bloodthirsty wizard, with a total of 7 collaborators edited 4 times. Latest coauthor: Xu Xulei, mountain brother, not turning leaves, merryqiqi, gl020.
Stepper motor is an open loop control element that transforms the electrical pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement. In the case of non overloaded, the motor speed and stop position depends only on the pulse frequency and pulse number, regardless of load changes, namely to add a pulse motor, the motor is turned to a step angle.
Error correcting editing Abstract
Catalog
1 brief introduction
2 working principle
3 Classification
4 characteristics
5 indexes and terms
1 brief introduction
2 working principle
3 Classification
4 characteristics
5 indexes and terms
6 basic parameters
Adding video and group images to this entry
Stepper motor - a brief introduction
Stepping motor stepping motor is an open loop control element which transforms electric pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement. In the case of non overloaded, the motor speed and stop position depends only on
the pulse frequency and pulse number, regardless of load changes, namely to add a pulse motor, the motor is turned to a step angle. The existence of this linear relationship, and stepper motor only periodic error and accumulated error etc.. It is very simple to use stepper motor to control the speed, position and other control fields.
Although the stepper motor has been widely used, but the stepper motor is not like the ordinary DC motor, AC motor in the conventional use. It must be composed of double ring pulse signal, power drive circuit and so on, and the control system can be used. Therefore, it is not easy to make good use of stepper motor, it involves many professional knowledge such as machinery, electrical machinery, electronics and computer.
At present, the production of stepper motor manufacturers are indeed many, but with professional and technical personnel, can develop their own development, manufacturers are very few, most of the manufacturers, only twenty people, even the most basic equipment are not. Only in a blind imitation stage. This will cause a lot of trouble in the selection and use of the products. In the above case, we decided to take a wide range of induction stepper motors as an example. The basic working principle is described. Hope to help users in the selection, use, and improvement of the whole machine.
Stepping motor working principle
Stepper motor
Usually, the rotor of the motor is a permanent magnet. When the
current flows through the stator winding, the stator winding generates a vector magnetic field. The magnetic field will drive the rotor to rotate at an angle, so that a pair of magnetic field direction of the rotor is consistent with the magnetic field direction of the stator. When the vector field of the stator rotates at an angle. The rotor also turns to the angle of the magnetic field. Each input an electric pulse, the motor rotates one angle forward one step. The angular displacement is proportional to the input pulse number, and the rotation speed is proportional to the pulse frequency. By changing the sequence of winding energization, the motor will reverse. Therefore, the rotation of the stepper motor can be controlled by the number and frequency of the control pulse and the power sequence of each phase winding of the motor. Stepper motor is an induction motor, its working principle is the use of electronic circuit, the DC power supply variable components, multi-phase timing control current this current stepper motor power supply, stepper motor can work normally, the power supply for the stepper motor driver is divided into the multi phase sequence controller. Although the stepper motor has been widely used, but the stepper motor is not like the ordinary DC motor, AC motor in the conventional use.
It must be composed of double ring pulse signal, power drive circuit and so on, and the control system can be used. Therefore, it is not easy to make good use of stepper motor, it involves many professional knowledge such as machinery, electrical machinery, electronics and computer. Stepping motor, as an actuator, is one of the key products of mechatronics. It is widely used in all kinds of automatic control systems. With the development of micro electronics and computer technology, the
demand of stepper motor is increasing day by day, and it has been applied in various national economic fields.
Stepping motor classification
1 、 permanent magnet stepping motor
Permanent magnet stepper motor is generally two-phase, torque and volume is small, the stepping angle is generally 7.5 degrees or 15 degrees;
2 、 reaction type stepping motor
Reactive stepping motor is generally three-phase, can achieve high torque output, stepper angle is generally 1.5 degrees, but the noise and vibration are very large. The rotor magnetic circuit of the reaction stepping motor is made of soft magnetic material. The stator has multi-phase excitation winding, and the torque is generated by the change of the permeance.
3 、 hybrid stepping motor
Hybrid stepping motor refers to the advantages of mixing permanent magnet and reactive type. It is divided into two phases and five phases: two phase stepping angle is generally 1.8 degrees, and the five phase stepping angle is generally 0.72 degrees. This stepper motor is the most widely used.
Stepper motor - Characteristics
Stepper motor
1, the accuracy of general stepper motor is 3-5% of step angle, and does not accumulate.
2, the maximum allowable temperature of the stepper motor surface. Step motor temperature is too high will make the first magneticdemagnetization motor, resulting in loss of torque down even further, so the highest temperature of motor appearance allows should depend on the different demagnetization of magnetic materials motor; generally speaking, the magneticdemagnetization points are above 130 degrees Celsius, some even up to more than 200 degrees Celsius therefore, the stepper motor surface temperature of 80-90 degrees Celsius isnormal.
3, the torque of stepper motor will decrease with the increase of speed. When the stepper motor rotates, the inductance of each phase winding of the motor will form a reverse electromotive force; the higher the frequency, the greater the reverse electromotive force. Under its action, the phase current decreases with the increase of frequency (or speed), leading to the decrease of torque.
4, stepper motor can operate normally at low speed, but if it is higher than a certain speed can not start, and accompanied by howling. The stepper motor has a technical parameters: no-load starting frequency is the stepper motor to the normal start of the pulse frequency in the no-load condition, if the pulse frequency is higher than the value of the motor does not start, you may lose steps or stall occurs. In the case of load, the starting frequency should be lower. If the motor is to
rotate at high speed, the pulse frequency should have an acceleration process, that is, the starting frequency is low, and then according to a certain acceleration to rise to the desired high frequency (motor speed from low speed to high speed). Stepper motor plays an important role in the digital manufacturing era because of its remarkable characteristics. With the development of different digital technology and the improvement of stepper motor technology, stepper motor will be applied in more fields.
Stepper motors - indicators and terminology
Stepper motor
1, step angle accuracy: the error of the actual value and theoretical value of each step angle of stepper motor. Expressed as a percentage: error / step angle *100%. Take the number of different values in different operation, four operation should be within 5%, eight shot operation should be less than 15%.
2, step out: the operation of the motor running steps, not equal to the number of steps in theory. It is called "out of step".
3, misalignment angle: rotor gear axis offset the angle of the stator gear axis, motor running must have misalignment angle, the error produced by the offset angle, using subdivision drive is unable to solve.
4, maximum no-load starting frequency: motor in a certain driving form, voltage and rated current, without load, the
maximum frequency can be directly started.
5, maximum no-load running frequency: motor in some drive form, voltage and rated current, motor without load maximum speed frequency.
6, operation: motor torque frequency characteristics in some test conditions measured output torque and frequency operation curve called the running torque frequency characteristic, which is the most important motor many dynamic curve, is fundamental basis for motor selection. As shown in the following diagram, the other characteristics are also the characteristics of the inertia frequency and the starting frequency. Once the motor is selected, determine the static and dynamic torque torque motor, but otherwise, the average current depends on the dynamic torque motor in the motor run time (rather than static current), the average current increases, the output torque of the motor is larger, the motor frequency characteristics is hard.
7, motor resonance: stepper motor has a fixed resonance region, the resonance region two, four phase induction type generally between 180-250pps (step 1.8) or around 400pps (step 0.9), the driving voltage is higher, the greater the load current of the motor, the lighter, motor the smaller is the resonance area to offset, and vice versa, in order to make the electric motor output torque and not lose step and the whole system noise reduction, the general operating point should be more resonance shift.
8, the motor positive and negative control: when the motor
winding timing is AB-BC-CD-DA or (), is positive turn, the power sequence is DA-CA-BC-AB or (), for the reversal. Stepper motor is an open loop control element that transforms the electrical pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement. In the case of non overloaded, the motor speed and stop position depends only on the pulse frequency and pulse number, regardless of load changes, namely to add a pulse motor, the motor is turned to a step angle when the stepper driver receives a pulse signal, it will drive a step step motor to set the direction of rotation of a fixed angle (and step angle). You can control the number of pulses to control the amount of angular displacement, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning; at the same time, you can control the pulse frequency to control the motor rotation speed and acceleration, so as to achieve the purpose of speed. The existence of this linear relationship, and stepper motor only periodic error and accumulated error etc.. It is very simple to use stepper motor to control the speed, position and other control fields. The displacement of the stepper motor is strictly proportional to the number of pulses, which will not lead to the accumulation of errors, and its speed is related to the pulse frequency and the step angle. Although the stepper motor has been widely used, but the stepper motor is not like the ordinary DC motor, AC motor in the conventional use. The step motor can not simply say that it is DC or AC, stepper motor in operation, each winding of stepping motor, according to a certain order to a certain extent, the pulse width, the pulse current flowing through the winding, single direction, double direction difference. It must be composed of double ring pulse signal, power drive circuit and so on, and the control system can be used. And the stepper motor itself is not connected to the power supply! Stepper motor is
connected to the power supply through the driver! The driver is divided into high voltage and low voltage, which is called DC and AC.
Stepper motor basic parameters
1. The intrinsic step angle of the motor
It represents a stepping pulse signal of each control system and the angle of rotation of the motor. The factory motor gives a step angle value, such as 86BYG250A type motor is given a value of 0.9 DEG /1.8 DEG (said half step work for 0.9 degrees, the whole step was 1.8 degrees), this step can be called the "inherent motor step angle", it is not necessarily the work of actual motor when the real step angle, angle and drive about real.
2. The phase number of stepping motor
Refers to the number of coils inside the motor, the current commonly used in the two-phase, three-phase, four phase, five phase stepper motor. Motor phase number is different, the step angle is also different, the general two-phase motor stepper angle is 0.9 degrees /1.8 degrees, three phase is 0.75 degrees /1.5 degrees, five phase is 0.36 degrees /0.72 degrees. In the absence of subdivision driver, the user mainly depends on the choice of different number of stepper motor to meet the requirements of their own step angle. If you use a subdivision drive, the 'phase number' will become meaningless,
The user can change the step angle simply by changing the fine
fraction on the driver.
3, keep torque (HOLDING TORQUE)
When the step motor is energized, but the rotor does not rotate, the stator locked the rotor torque. It is one of the most important parameters of stepper motor, and the torque of the stepper motor is close to the holding torque at low speed. Because the output torque of stepping motor decreases with the increase of speed, the output power also varies with the speed, so keeping torque becomes one of the most important parameters to measure the stepper motor. For example, when people say that 2N.m stepper motor, in the absence of special instructions, refers to the torque of 2N.m stepper motor. DETENT TORQUE: when the stepper motor is not energized, the stator locked the rotor torque. DETENT TORQUE has no unified translation mode in China, which makes it easy to misunderstand; because the rotor of reaction stepping motor is not permanent magnet material, it has no DETENT TORQUE.
Cited: stepper motor has been cited by the following media, I complement the media:
Title：
URL:
Author:
Date,
Cancel save open category: to supplement manufacturing medical equipment application system of computer terminology of
high-tech open category: [delete] [delete] [delete] [delete] [delete] [delete] synonyms: synonyms: edit entries
Interactive encyclopedia entries (including attached pictures) uploaded by netizens, if suspected infringement, please contact with customer service, we will be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the law in a timely manner to deal with. If you need to reprint, please indicate that it comes from .
Discussion area
What do you want to say?
You can also input 140 words
This entry can also add information modules
Edit Gustave Eiffel motor, three-phase AC commutator motor, three-phase AC asynchronous motor, microcomputer ATX power circuit... Transformer, soft starter motor, excitation mode, pitch angle, related task, task name initiator
Electrotechnics asunnytiger
Magnetic stepping motor
Title
Directory 1
2 working principle
3 Classification
4 characteristics
5 indexes and terms
6 basic parameters。