第08讲虚拟语气-高中语法知识点与写作的衔接(译林版2020)

第8讲虚拟语气-高中语法知识点与写作的衔接（译林版2020）
【2023年新高考全国I卷】
应用文写作范文里面有这句话：
Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much! 如果没有你的认可和指导，我不可能写这篇文章。

再次非常感谢！
【2023届江苏省决胜新高考高三年级5月份大联考英语试题】
读后续写范文里面有这句话：
If the rescue team had arrived later, I wouldn’t have made it. Taz is my loyal friend –we’ll always have a special bond. 如果救援队晚一点到达，我就不会成功了。

塔兹是我忠实的朋友，我们永远有着特殊的纽带。

【苏州市2023届高三考前英语练习卷】
读后续写范文里面有这句话：
Before she and the other neighbors waved goodbye and disappeared into the evening snow, she said, “It’s not a big deal. Happy to help. You would have done the same thing!” 在她和其他邻居挥手告别消失在晚雪中之前，她说：“没什么大不了的。

很乐意帮忙。

你也会这么做的！”
应用文写作范文里面有这句话：
Therefore, it's time that we took immediate action to change the situation. 因此，现在是我们立即采取行动的时候了以改变局势。

虚拟语气高考重要知识点汇总
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
注意：
1、当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称作“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.
2、if 省略句
If 引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有had, should, were 时，可将if省略，而将had, should, were 置于句首，采用倒装结构。

If I were at school again, I would study harder.→Were I at school again, I would study harder.
If you had home earlier, you would have caught the bus. →Had you home earlier, you would have caught the bus. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用谓语动词的省略形式。

Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.(T)
Weren’t it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.(F)
3、含蓄条件句
用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。

1）but for, without 等引导的虚拟语气
Eg. Without your help, we could not have succeeded.
But for electricity, there would be no modern industry.
2）Otherwise, but, or引导的虚拟语气
Eg. He was having a meeting, otherwise he would have come over to help us.
He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.
二、虚拟语气在名词性中的应用
1、主语从句中的虚拟语气：It is + adj. (n.\-ed)+ that +主语+should+动词原形。

常见的这类形容词有：
advisable适当的，合理的natural 自然的anxious 忧虑的，焦急的
necessary 必要的regretful 遗憾的desirable 理想的
strange 奇怪的surprising 惊奇的important 重要的
常见的这类过去分词有:
decided 决定recommended 建议demanded 要求required 要求
desired 想往requested 要求ordered 命令suggested 建议
常见的这类名词有：
duty 职责pity 遗憾no surprise 不奇怪no wonder 不足为奇
shame 羞耻，不像话
Eg. It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.
It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she shouldn’t have been invited.
It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.
It is no surprise that John should have won the game.
2、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
（1）某些动词后接宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。

其形式为：主语+要求跟虚拟语气从句的动词+（that）+（should）+动词原形。

常见的动词有：
advise 劝告order 命令decide 决定propose 提议
demand 要求，需求recommend 建议request 要求
require 要求，请求insist 坚持suggest 建议urge 力劝
记忆口诀：一个“坚持（坚持）”，两个“命令”（order，command），三个“建议”（suggest, advise, propose）,四个“要求”（demand, ask, request, require）
注意：insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句中不用虚拟语气，suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，从句中也不用虚拟语气。

Eg. He insisted that the meeting be put off.
They proposed that all the plans (should ) be discussed at the meeting.
He insisted that the conference should be put off till the next month.
He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.
He suggested that Mr. Smith be invited to the party.
His pale look suggested that he was in poor health.
(2) 在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：（should）+动词原形。

这一句型中使用的形容词同上。

Eg. We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.
(3) 在expect, believe, think, suggest等动词的否定式或疑问式后面的宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，表示惊奇，怀疑和不满等。

形式为：should+动词原形或should+现在完成式。

Eg. I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.
I never expected that the problem should have been solved that way.
(4) wish 后面所跟宾语从句要求用虚拟语气：
Eg. I wish I knew what was going to happen.
She wished she had stayed at home.
How I wish I could live another five hundred years.
4、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。

其形式为：should+动词原形
常见的名词有：
advice 劝告preference 选择demand 要求proposal 提议
desire 愿望request 要求requirement 要求necessity 必要性
order 命令suggestion 建议
三、虚拟语气在其他情况中的应用
1、句型: should\could\would\might +动词原形
是一种表示礼貌，使口气显得委婉、谦虚方式。

在回答中，如仍需保留情态动词的话，一般要换成现在式。

Eg. – Would you help me? – Yes, I will.
Perhaps you could get better results this way.
2、在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句时，也可用虚拟语气。

表示愿望，意为“宁愿”“但愿”。

Eg. I’d rather he didn’t go now.
I’d just as soon you had been here yesterday.
would rather +动词原形\现在完成时
would rather+ do：表示现在或将来的愿望
would rather+ have done :表示过去的愿望
eg. I’d rather go to have class.
They would rather not have been to that party.
3、在It is (high\about) time that… 句型中
It is (high\about) time +过去式\should+动词原形，意为“该是……的时候了”，表示早该做而未做的事，含建议的意味。

Eg. It is time (that) we went home.
It is high time (that) the weather improved.
4、在“if only”引起的感叹句中，表示愿望。

Eg. If only he were here!
If only I had not been busy last week.
if only 也可以用于虚拟条件句中。

Eg. If only I had more money, I could buy a car.
5、在in case, lest, for fear that 引导的从句中
… lest(in case, for fear that) + 主语+should+动词原形。

其中，lest, for fear that 句中的should可以省略。

in case句中的should通常不省略，但是in case句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。

lest, for fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。

Eg. He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.
I will not make a noise for fear that I (should\might) disturb you.
She hid her jewelry for fear that it would be stolen.
6、as if\as though 引导的句子中：
1）表示与主句动作同时发生：主句+as if\though+主语+were\was\动词过去式
2）表示动作可能在将来发生：主句+as if\though+主语+could\would+动词原形
3）表示动作发生在主句动作之前：主句+as if\though+主语+had+过去分词
Eg. She talks as if she knew all about it.
She behaved as if nothing had happened.
She talks it again and again as though she would never end.
7、had hoped +would+动词原形，“想要，希望”
Eg. We had hoped that you would stay with us for some time.
8、Intend, mean, plan, want, hope后跟虚拟语气，表示过去想做而没有做。

其形式为:
（1）intended+ to have done (2) had intended+ to do
Eg. I intended to attended the meeting, but I was ill.
She had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.
9、even if\though引导的让步状语从句中
与之用法相似的词还有：though\as though\so long as\no matter what\whatever\whenever\whoever 等。

Eg. However dangerous it might be, he would have a try.
Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you.
【补充练习】
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

While eating is functional, and our bodies need the fuel ____41____ food provides, dining with friends or loved ones can be a wonderful experience. However, some of us often find ourselves ____42____ (reserve) a table for one in a restaurant. But is dining alone really that bad? Maybe not.
We all have foods we like and dislike. Maybe it’s a spicy cheese or stinky fish. We sometimes hold back on
things that may offend the ____43____ (nose) of others. When dining alone, we can consume whatever we like, with the added bonus that we might be able to eat more ____44____ (healthy). Often, if you want a salad and your significant other wants some less healthy cuisine, you end up ordering the same. And if you don’t get the same, you might end up watching someone eat a pizza while you ____45____ (leave) holding the corn. Have you ever spent too long debating with people which restaurant to eat in? If dining solo, you can make the choice depending on your desires. And why does it have to be a restaurant? You could eat in a park, garden or even your bed — the point is, the choice is ____46____ (your)!
Finally, for some, dining alone can be ____47____ necessity. For those of us who suffer ____48____ misophonia (恐音症), the noise of someone else masticating (咀嚼) can be unbearable. Eating alone can save you from the extreme ____49____ (anxious) that may arise listening to someone smack their lips. So, is eating alone bad? Well, it may not be for everyone _____50_____ there certainly are some benefits to it. Try it sometime — you might just like it!
【答案】
41. that##which 42. reserving 43. noses 44. healthily 45. are left
46. yours 47. a 48. from 49. anxiety 50. but##yet
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

你喜不喜欢一个人吃饭？虽然有不少人认为独自吃饭有消极的一面，但这种饮食方式可能也有它积极的一面。

【41题详解】
考查定语从句。

句意：虽然吃是有功能的，我们的身体需要食物提供的能量，但与朋友或所爱的人共进晚餐可能是一次美妙的经历。

定语从句修饰先行词fuel，从句缺少宾语，指物，故用that或which引导。

故填that/which。

【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。

句意：然而，我们中的一些人经常发现自己在餐馆里为一个人预定了一张桌子。

此处为find+宾语+宾补结构，ourselves与reserve构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。

故填reserving。

【43题详解】
考查名词复数。

句意：我们有时会隐瞒一些可能会惹恼别人的事情。

nose为可数名词，根据后文of others 可知应用复数形式。

故填noses。

【44题详解】
考查副词。

句意：当我们独自用餐时，我们可以吃任何我们想吃的东西，还有一个额外的好处，那就是我
们可能会吃得更健康。

修饰动词eat应用副词healthily，作状语。

故填healthily。

【45题详解】
考查时态语态。

句意：如果你得不到同样的食物，你可能会嫉妒食物，因为你看着别人享受披萨，而你拿
着玉米。

空处为从句谓语动词，主语you与谓语动词leave构成被动关系，结合上文as you watch someone enjoy a pizza可知应用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语用复数。

故填are left。

【46题详解】
考查代词。

句意：你可以在公园、花园甚至你的床上吃饭——关键是，选择权在你！作表语，表示“你的选择权”应用名词性物主代词yours，故填yours。

【47题详解】
考查冠词。

句意：最后，对一些人来说，独自吃饭可能是一种必要。

necessity表示“必要的事物”为可数名词，此处为泛指，且该词是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。

故填a。

【48题详解】
考查介词。

句意：对于我们这些恐音症患者来说，别人咀嚼的声音是无法忍受的。

短语suffer from表示“患有……疾病”。

故填from。

【49题详解】
考查名词。

句意：一个人吃饭可以让你避免因听别人咂嘴而产生的极度焦虑。

作介词的宾语，应用名词anxiety，不可数。

故填anxiety。

【50题详解】
考查连词。

句意：好吧，它可能不适合每个人，但它肯定有一些好处。

结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，
应用but或yet。

故填but/yet。

二、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I knew Ernie, son of Al. He is one of the kindest men I have ever known. I saw the ____21____ between Ernie and his children, thinking that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere, ____22____Ernie never talked much about his father.
One day, I worked up my ____23____ to ask him what on earth his father had done so that he became such a special person. Ernie told me the ____24____.
As a young man, Al was a skilled artist, with a wife and two fine sons. One night, his older son ____25____ a severe stomachache. Thinking it was only some common intestinal (肠的) disorder, neither Al nor his wife took the
condition very ____26____. But the boy died suddenly that night.
Knowing the death could have been ____27____ if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, he always felt ____28____. Worse still, his wife left him a short time later, leaving him alone with his six-year-old younger son. The hurt and pain of the two situations were more than Al could ____29____, and he _____30_____ alcohol for help. In time Al became an alcoholic (酒鬼).
As the alcoholism progressed, Al began to lose _____31_____ he possessed—his land, house, etc. Finally Al died alone in a small bar. Hearing this, I thought, “What a totally wasted life! What a complete _____32_____”
However, Ernie said _____33_____, “As a child until I left home at 18, Al came into my room every night, gave me a kiss and said, ‘Love you, son.’
Tears came to my eyes as I realized what a _____34_____ I had been to judge Al _____35_____ a failure. He had not left any material possessions behind. But he had been a kind loving father, and left behind his best love.
21. A. quarrel B. love C. communication D. misunderstanding
22. A. though B. so C. or D. but
23. A. anxiety B. courage C. interest D. worry
24. A. experiment B. fiction C. story D. idea
25. A. developed B. found C. attracted D. cured
26. A. lightly B. strangely C. sincerely D. seriously
27. A. ignored B. removed C. avoided D. killed
28. A. fortunate B. satisfied C. innocent D. guilty
29. A. realize B. stand C. explain D. believe
30. A. applied for B. held on C. turned to D. came across
31. A. everything B. nothing C. life D. time
32. A. success B. loser C. amazement D. player
33. A. angrily B. happily C. quietly D. excitedly
34. A. beggar B. fool C. cheater D. troublemaker
35. A. as B. for C. by D. through
【答案】
21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了一个父亲在接二连三的打击之下开始酗酒成为酒鬼并且败光家产，因此被作者认为是失败的人生。

可是后来，通过了解到父亲对儿子的爱，才让作者意识到，事情并不是自己想的那样。

【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我看到了Ernie和他的孩子们之间的爱，认为善良和关心是有原因的，但Ernie 很少谈论他的父亲。

A. quarrel吵架；B. love爱；C. communication交流；D. misunderstanding误会。

根据文章最后一段“He had not left any material possessions behind. But he had been a kind loving father, and left behind his best love.”可知，Al留给了Ernie自己最好的爱。

故选B。

【22题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。

句意：我看到了Ernie和他的孩子们之间的爱，认为善良和关心是有原因的，但Ernie 很少谈论他的父亲。

A. though尽管；B. so因此；C. or或者；D. but但是。

前一句“I saw the ____1____ between Ernie and his children, thinking that kindness and caring had to come from somewhere, ”说明了作者觉得这样的爱应该来自于父母，而后一句“Ernie never talked much about his father.”和上一句之间存在转折关系。

故选D。

【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：有一天，我鼓起勇气问他，他的父亲究竟做了什么，使他成为一个如此特别的人。

A. anxiety焦虑；B. courage勇气；C. interest兴趣、利益；D. worry担忧。

通过上文可知，作者很好奇Ernie为什么不提到自己的父亲，但是这是个人的隐私，所以作者是鼓起勇气去问。

故选B。

【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：Ernie给我讲了这个故事。

A. experiment实验；B. fiction小说；C. story故事；
D. idea想法。

通过下文可知，Ernie给作者讲了自己父亲经历的事情，所以是讲了一个故事。

故选C。

【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：一天晚上，他的大儿子胃痛得厉害。

A. developed发展、患……病；B. found发现；C. attracted吸引；D. cured治愈。

根据空后的“a severe stomachache.”可知，大儿子应该是患上了严重的胃疼病。

故选A。

【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：Al和他的妻子都认为这只是一种常见的肠道疾病，所以都没把它当回事。

A. lightly 轻微地；B. strangely奇怪地；C. sincerely真诚地；D. seriously严肃地。

take…seriously严肃对待……、把……当回事。

根据“But the boy died suddenly that night.”可知，大儿子去世了，所以他和妻子应该是没有把大儿
子的病当回事。

故选D。

【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：他知道如果他能意识到事情的严重性，死亡是可以避免的，他总是感到内疚。

A. ignored忽略；B. removed去除；C. avoided避免；D. killed杀死。

通过上文的“Thinking it was only some common intestinal (肠的) disorder, neither Al nor his wife took the condition very ____6____. But the boy died suddenly that night.”可知，Al和自己的妻子都没有把大儿子的病当回事，才造成了大儿子的去世，也就是说如果他们意识到病的严重性，大儿子的死是可以被避免的。

故选C。

【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：他知道如果他能意识到事情的严重性，死亡是可以避免的，他总是感到内疚。

A. fortunate幸运的；B. satisfied满意的；C. innocent天真的、无辜的；D. guilty内疚的、有罪的。

通过上文“Knowing the death could have been ____7____ if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation”可知，如果Al知道了病情的严重性，大儿子就不会死，所以Al觉得很内疚。

故选D。

【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：这两种情况的伤害和痛苦让Al无法忍受，他转向酒精寻求帮助。

A. realize意识到；B. stand忍受；C. explain解释；D. believe相信。

根据下文“In time Al became an alcoholic (酒鬼).”可知，Al沉迷于喝酒，因为他觉得无法承受这一切。

故选B。

【30题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。

句意：这两种情况的伤害和痛苦让Al无法忍受，他转向酒精寻求帮助。

A. applied for申请；B. held on坚持；C. turned to转向；D. came across偶然发现。

turn to…for help向……求助。

根据上文“Knowing the death could have been ____7____ if he had only realized the seriousness of the situation, he always felt ____8____.”可知，Al觉得很内疚，而妻子又离开了他，所以他无法承受，只有求助酒精。

故选C。

【31题详解】
考查名词/代词词义辨析。

句意：随着酗酒的加剧，Al开始失去他所拥有的一切——他的土地、房子等等。

A. everything一切；
B. nothing没有什么；
C. life生命、生活；
D. time时间。

根据下文“his land, house, etc.”可知，这是他所拥有的一切。

故选A。

【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：听了这话，我想：“这是多么浪费的人生啊！真是个彻头彻尾的失败者。

”A. success 成功；B. loser失败者；C. amazement惊叹；D. player玩家。

根据下文“Tears came to my eyes as I realized what
a ____14____ I had been to judge Al ____15____ a failure.”可知，作者认为Al是个失败者。

故选B。

【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：然而，Ernie平静地说：“在我18岁离开家之前，我还是个孩子的时候，Al每天晚上都会来到我的房间，给我一个吻，然后说：‘爱你，儿子。

’”A. angrily愤怒地；B. happily开心地；C. quietly 安静地；D. excitedly兴奋地。

根据上文“Hearing this, I thought, “What a totally wasted life! What a complete ____12____””可知，作者以为Al是个失败者，内心感到愤愤不平，然而Ernie表现地和作者的态度不太一样，所以Ernie是很平静地说出下面的话。

故选C。

【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：当我意识到自己是多么愚蠢，竟然认为Al是个失败者时，泪水夺眶而出。

A. beggar 乞丐；B. fool傻瓜、愚蠢；C. cheater骗子；D. troublemaker闹事者。

通过上文“Tears came to my eyes”可知，作者眼泪盈眶，是因为自己意识到自己多么傻。

故选B。

【35题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。

句意：当我意识到自己是多么愚蠢，竟然认为Al是个失败者时，泪水夺眶而出。

A. as 作为；B. for为了、因为；C. by凭借；D. through通过。

judge….as…认为……是……。

通过上文内容可知，作者误以为Al是个失败者。

故选A。

三、阅读理解
Nowadays nearly everyone has suffered from a bad attack of forgetfulness when a password is needed. The company computer. The home computer. Banking and ATM machines. Websites. Car and home security systems. The list goes on. It does not take long to accumulate a dozen or more passwords.
Scribbling them down on slips of paper or simply using the same password for anything and everything is how most people cope with the overload. The negative aspect of this is that either way makes it easier for hackers(黑客) to invade computer privacy.
Researchers are now trying to do something about this by moving forward what may be an answer to the password puzzle——pictures.
Many companies are looking into various ways that images can be used to replace the standard, easily-forgotten string of letters and numbers. Pictures are much easier to remember. Researchers are also working on picture passwords that will make it more difficult for the average hacker.
Take, for instance, the screens available through a New York company, Pass logix. One picture shows a standard
bar scene. The password is created by making up a drink from the various items pictured. The order in which the items are selected becomes the password. Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, who have studied the habit of computer users say laziness plays a major role in most people’s choice of passwords.
Nonetheless, forgetting passwords is a common problem of the computer era. It’s more of a problem than hacking, in fact, particularly for major corporations that must maintain help desks for their computer-using employees——often round the clock. How much does it cost a company each time an employee forgets a password?
No one knows, but people who are pushing the picture passwords believe they will save companies a lot of money because recalling images is so much easier.
8. The first two paragraphs center on ________.
A. why people are so forgetful in the computer era
B. what happens when so many passwords are needed
C. why hackers can so easily invade computer privacy
D. what people usually do when they choose their passwords
9. Using the same password for anything and everything may lead to ________.
A. the users’ laziness
B. people’s forgetfulness
C. the theft of personal information
D. the loss of a large sum of money
10. When used as password, pictures have one big advantage over letters and numbers: ________.
A. they are more deeply stored in our memory
B. they are easy to be combined and ordered
C. they are closely linked with our daily life
D. they are colorful and can arouse our imagination
11. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?
A. Passwords, a Product of the Computer Era
B. Forgetfulness, a Big Headache for People
C. Hackers, the Invader of Computer Privacy
D. Pictures, a Solution to the Password Puzzle
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了研究人员正研究用图像来取代标准的、容易被遗忘的字母和数字串来作为密码，也具体阐明了其原因和其所带来的益处。

【8题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据文章前两段“Nowadays nearly everyone has suffered from a bad attack of forgetfulness when a password is needed. The company computer. The home computer. Banking and ATM machines. Websites. Car and home security systems. The list goes on. It does not take long to accumulate a dozen or more passwords.Scribbling them down on slips of paper or simply using the same password for anything and everything is how most people cope with the overload. The negative aspect of this is that either way makes it easier for hackers(黑客) to invade computer privacy.(如今，当需要密码时，几乎每个人都患有严重的健忘症。

公司的电脑。

家用电脑。

银行和自动取款机。

网站。

汽车和家庭安全系统。

这样的例子不胜枚举。

积攒一打或更多的密码并不需要多长时间。

把它们写在纸条上，或者简单地用同一个密码来处理任何事情，这就是大多数人如何处理超负荷工作的方法。

这种做法的消极方面是，无论哪种方式都会使黑客更容易侵犯计算机隐私)”可知文章前两段讲述了大多数人在需要密码的时候，几乎都不记得了，当积累很多密码的时候，人们通常会把它们写在纸条上，或者简单地用同一个密码，这种做法会带来很大的弊端。

故文章前两段主要讨论了人们需要记很多密码时会发生什么。

故选B项。

【9题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章第二段“The negative aspect of this is that either way makes it easier for hackers(黑客) to invade computer privacy.(这种做法的消极方面是，无论哪种方式都会使黑客更容易侵犯计算机隐私)”可知使用相同的密码会更容易导致黑客侵犯计算机隐私，隐私被侵犯了之后，推知可能会盗取个人信息；故选C项。

【10题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第四段“Pictures are much easier to remember. Researchers are also working on picture passwords that will make it more difficult for the average hacker.(图片更容易记住。

研究人员还在研究图片密码，这将使一般的黑客入侵更加困难)”可知当用作密码时，图片比字母和数字有一个很大的优势就是它更容易被记住，即它们在我们的记忆中更为深刻；故选A项。

【11题详解】
主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了研究人员正研究用图像来取代标准的、容易被遗忘的字母和数字串来作为密码，也具体阐明了原因，即图片更容易被记住，同时阐述了使用图片作为密码所能带来的益处，故本文就是在描述密码难题的解决方案。

结合第三段“Researchers are now trying to do something about this by moving forward what may be an answer to the password puzzle——pictures.(研究人员现在正试图通过推进密码谜题的答案——图片来解决这个问题)”可知，选项D“Pictures, a Solution to the Password
Puzzle(图片，密码难题的解决方案)”适合作为本文标题；故选D项。