【精品】新课标2016年高考英语复习题：课时13 阅读理解技法4 含答案

课时13 阅读理解技法4
Ⅰ.技法解读——瞻前顾后猜测词义
根据逻辑关系，猜词义。

在一个句子或段落中如有两个事物或现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。

表示对比关系的词或短语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast等。

表示对比关系的句子有：while引导的并列句。

表示比较关系的词或短语主要有：similarly，like，just as，also，as well as等。

【技法演练】
(2015·四川高考)Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of parental__involvement,__including volunteering at school and observing a child's class，also fail to help，according to the most recent study on the topic.
The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting (养育子女) where schools expect them to act as partners in their children's education.Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed，dressed and ready to learn.
Keith Robinson，the author of the study，said，“I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance.One of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with homework.”Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.“They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now，or in some cases never learnt it themselves，but they're still offering advice.”
Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks.In general，about 20% of parental involvement was positive，about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.
Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because “children with good academic success do have involved parents”，admitted Robinson.But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.“A big surprise was that Asian－American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved.They took a more reasonable approach，conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives.”The underlined expression “parental involvement” in Paragraph 1 probably means________．A．parents' expectation on children's health
B．parents' participation in children's education
C．parents' control over children's life
D．parents' plan for children's future
Ⅱ.能力提升演练
A
(2015·陕西省高三质量检测)Just two years before her 100th birthday, Sensei Keiko Fukuda has become the first woman to achieve a tenth－degree black belt—the highest rank in the martial art and combat sport judo (柔道). Fukuda is now one of only four living people who've earned the tenth－degree(or dan) black belt. Throughout history, only sixteen people have ever achieved this honor.
Fukuda began practicing judo in 1935 and is the only surviving student of its founder, Kano Jiguro. Urged by her teacher, she learned English to help spread judo internationally.
During a time when getting married, building a family, and becoming a housewife was the standard, Fukuda went against tradition，opting__out__of marriage to pursue the martial art.
“All I did was judo... this was my marriage，” Fukuda reflected tearfully to the San Francisco chronicle. “This is when my life destiny was set. I just never imagined how long this road would be.”
She described the Jiguro's school, known as the Kodokan, as “old－fashioned and sexist (性别歧视的) about belts and ranks”．In fact, an order that prevented women from achieving any higher than a fifth－degree black belt kept Fukuda at that level for thirty years.She was finally promoted to sixth dan in 1972 when a woman's division was created.
Fukuda said she approached judo and her life with the intention to “be gentle, kind and beautiful, yet firm and strong, both mentally and physically”. Fukuda said this kind of beauty is decidedly not external (外部的). “A kind soul is inner beauty，”she explained to the paper. “I believe this is true beauty... All my life this has been my dream.”
Dream realized, the 98－year－old Sensei Keiko Fukuda continues to teach judo three times a week at a woman's judo.
1．It can be learned from the passage that ________．
A．Fukuda achieved the tenth－degree black belt at 97.
B．four people earned the tenth－degree black belt in history.
C．nearly all of Kano Jiguros' students were dead.
D．the Kodokan was founded in 1935.
2．The underlined part “opting out of” in the 3rd paragraph is closest in meaning to ________．A．choosing or welcoming
B．longing for or desiring。