2019-2020学年高中人教版英语必修三课时作业：Unit 4 Astronomy Sectio

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Unit 4 Section ⅣGrammar & Writing
课时作业
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—What has made John look like lacking sleep?
—That he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night.
2．What was the most important to her，she told me，was her family.
3．It remains to be seen whether this plan is practical enough to keep the project going.
4．It hasn’t been made clear when the new underground line is to be open to traffic.It's maybe next year.
5．—Is there any particular soup you would like to have?
—Whichever you select is all right with me。

6．It made Kate’s pa rents excited that Kate entered the final in the tennis match。

7．Whoever has helped to save the drowning old man is worth praising。

8．Whether they would support us was a problem。

9．Which type of computer he will buy needs discussing.
10．How the book will sell depends on its author。

And I think it'll sell well.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives。

For example，the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite。

Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls。

Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of
our TV programmes come to US through satellites。

Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location。

We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another。

They are usually 35，880 kilometres above the equator （赤道). Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometres an hour-exactly the same speed that the earth rotates (转动）. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae （天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit， so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth。

A satellite usually works for about 10～12 years。

Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to the Earth to be repaired. Often， very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。

文章对各种卫星的用途、卫星工作的状态以及人们对已损坏卫星的处理办法进行了解释说明。

1．Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?
A．Sending information for weather forecasts.
B．Taking photographs of the Earth。

C．Sending TV pictures.
D．Providing food for airplane pilots。

解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据第一段和第三段首句不难看出，卫星可以传递天气预报信息、拍摄地球照片、传递电视图片等，但是没说为飞行员提供食物，所以选
择D项.
2．Why does the satellite move around the world at the same speed as the Earth rotates？
A．In order to take photographs.
B．In order to stay in a certain position in the orbit。

C．In order to move away from its orbit。

D．In order to send television pictures.
解析:选B 细节理解题。

根据第三段内容可以看出，卫星之所以用和地球自转相同的速度绕地球旋转，是为了保持在一定位置上。

显然B项正确.
3．What does the underlined word “This” in the 2nd paragraph refer to?
A．A satellite.
B．A little rocket。

C．A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.
D．The satellite puts the rockets in the right position。

解析：选 C 代词指代题。

this在此替代前文的“Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place."故选C项。

4．Which is TRUE of satellites？
A．A satellite usually works for about 10～12 years.
B．Every time a satellite gets broken， it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.
C．A broken satellite is never left in space。

D．Broken satellites often crash into each other。

解析：选A 细节理解题.根据最后一段不难看出A项正确。

B
A study by the British government has discovered the mental well­being of the country’s teenage girls has worsene d.
The survey， which included 30，000 14。

year。

old students in 2005 and
2014， showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress， up from 34 percent in 2005。

British boys’ stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period， from 17 percent to 15 percent。

The report's authors pointed out the “appearance of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increasing stress among teenage British girls.
“The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical， cognitive and emotional devel opment,” Pam Ramsden, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom，wrote in a blog post. “Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to become competent adults。

In the past, they would engage with parents, teachers and other adults in their community as well as extended family members and friends. Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development。

”
Throughout adolescence, girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and self。

control。

Since teenage brains have not completely developed, teens don't have the cognitive awareness and impulse control to keep from posting inappropriate content. Furthermore, this content can easily be circulated far and wide with disastrous implications。

“Social media can also feed into girls' insecurities about their appearance,” Ramsden said。

“These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person。

However， these images and the messages tied to them creep into social standards。

”
“Social media allows girls to make comparisons among friends as well as celebrities and then provides them with ‘solutions’ such as extreme dieting tips and workouts to reach their goals，” Ramsden said.“Concerns about body image can negatively impact their quality of life preventing them from having healthy relationships and taking up time that could be better spent developing other aspects of their personalities.”
【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文.英国政府一项研究发现，英国女生的心理健康变得越来越糟；分析表明，社交媒体时代的出现是英国女生心理压力加大的主要因素。

5．How does the survey tell us the negative impact of social media？
A．By making experiments.
B．By raising a question.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By analyzing causes and effects。

解析：选D 写作手法题。

通读全文可知，文章第一、二段分析了社交媒体对女生的影响造成的结果：女生的心理压力比男生大,心理越来越不健康;第三到六段详细说明了社交媒体对女生造成影响的表现、缘由。

据此可知，本文是通过分析影响的起因和影响的结果来告诉我们社交媒体对女生产生的负面影响。

故选D项。

6．What is Ramsden's attitude toward the images with fine body shape？
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent。

C．Critical。

D．Concerned。

解析：选C 观点态度题。

根据最后一段最后一句可知,Ramsden对关注身材是持批评态度的。

故选C项。

7．According to the last paragraph，it is necessary for teenagers 。

A．to get rid of the bad effects of social media
B．to follow the celebrities’ example
C．to be concerned about their body image
D．to make comparisons among friends
解析：选A 推理判断题。

通读最后一段可知，该段主要阐述了社交媒体对青少年尤其是女生造成的负面影响，包括在朋友之间形成攀比心理、把时间浪费在过度关注身材上等，据此可以判断，青少年应当消除社交媒体的负面影响。

故选A项。

8．What does this text mainly tell us?
A．The well­being of teenagers in Britain.
B．The social media’s negative effect on teenagers.
C．The development of teenagers in Britain。

D．How to interact with teenagers in Britain.
解析：选B 主旨大意题.通读全文可知,本文主要论述了社交媒体对英国青少年
尤其是女生的负面影响，包括在朋友中形成攀比心理、过度关注身材而忽视其他能力
的发展，形成心理压力等，B项最能概括文意.故选B项.
Ⅲ。

语法填空
Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone’s life。

1 is very difficult to find a better definition （定义） of friendship. A true friend is the person
2 can share all our sadness and double all our happiness. He or she
is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort。

Knowing how 3 (value） friendship is， we should be very careful with our choice of a friend. We should choose those people with a good character 4 our friends， but we must try to avoid 5 （make) friends with a bad man。

Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much as possible.
A true friend can always 6 (trust）, loved and respected. If you tell
a friend your secrets, he or she won’t tell them to 7 . Friends share their joys and sorrows. They help each other when they are 8 trouble， and cheer each other up when they are sad. 9 most important thing is that a friend always understands you。

In conclusion, 10 you have made a good friend, don't forget him or her。

【解题导语】作者在文中告诉我们如何选择朋友以及如何对待朋友。

1．解析：空处为形式主语，真正的主语是空后的不定式短语，故空处填代词It。

答案：It
2．解析：先行词person指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who/that引导定语从句。

答案：who/that
3．解析：空处在句中作表语,由此结合语境可知，形容词valuable符合题意。

答案：valuable
4．解析：根据句意“我们应选择那些有优秀品质的人作为朋友”可知，空处填介词as。

答案：as
5．解析：avoid后应该接动词.ing形式作宾语.
答案：making
6．解析：主语是动作的承受者，故空格处应用被动语态。

答案：be trusted
7．解析：根据句意可知,others符合题意。

答案：others
8．解析：in trouble为介词短语，意为“处于困境中”。

故填介词in。

答案:in
9．解析：空后为形容词的最高级，故空处填定冠词The。

答案：The
10．解析：两个逗号之间为状语从句，结合句意“如果我们结交了一位好朋友（当我们结交了一位好朋友)”可知，应用if/when作状语从句的引导词。

答案：if/when
Ⅳ。

书面表达
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。

请你根据下表提供的信息,用英语写一篇100词左右的短文介绍讨论的情况。

One possible version：
Recently, students in our class have had a discussion on whether space is worth exploring。

On the one hand， 30% of us think that space exploration is not worthwhile。

They think space is too far away from us and our daily life。

And space exploration will waste a lot of money， which can be used to solve the problems such as starvation and pollution。

On the other hand, 70％ think space is worthy to be explored。

As we all know， satellites have been used for communication as well as weather forecast, which makes our life more convenient. Besides, if resources are found on other planets， the problem of energy shortages on our earth can be solved。