(高中段)卷(二)基本词法的基本能力训练

卷(二)根本词法的语篇应用训练
[第一组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
Last week, 100 restaurants across Shanghai advocated the use of serving utensils (器具), as it is a key point for the control and __1__ (prevent) of the COVID-19.
Chinese people often eat together and share their __2__ (dish) with others. The new system suggests __3__ (add) separate chopsticks and spoons for serving when people dine together. Such a change of etiquette (礼仪) allows diners __4__ (avoid) using their own chopsticks to pick food from the plates, and therefore __5__ (great) reduces the chances of spread of many diseases.
Many restaurants __6__ (adopt) the policy after the Municipal Office for Civilized Society published the suggestion, __7__also encourages the public to use separate utensils for shared food at home.
According to Qu Qi, a person in charge __8__ a restaurant in Xuhui district, a sign __9__ (put) up on the tables to inform people of the importance of using serving utensils, since the start of business on February 21. The waiters and waitresses are also trained to supply a separate spoon or pair of chopsticks for the diners. So far, ___10___ service has been well accepted by the majority of the public.
This will be a long-term measure. In the future, each diner on the table will have their own serving chopsticks and spoons so as to prevent sharing of any manner of viruses and bacteria.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。

文章介绍了100家餐馆在目前新型冠状病毒疫情防控形势下建议就餐使用公筷公勺。

这样做的最大好处是能减少交叉污染和病从口入。

1．prevention考查名词。

空前的连词and连接了两个由定冠词the修饰的名词，故此处所给动词的名词形式。

故填prevention。

2．dishes考查名词复数。

dish是可数名词，且由their修饰，故要用名词的复数形式。

故填dishes。

3．adding考查非谓语动词。

句意：新制度建议人们在一起进餐时增加分开的筷子和勺子。

suggest 要接所给词的动名词形式作suggest的宾语。

故填adding。

4．to avoid考查非谓语动词。

句意：这种礼仪上的变化使就餐者防止用自己的筷子从盘子里夹菜，从而极大地减少了疾病的传播。

allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事〞。

故填to avoid。

5．greatly考查副词。

此处用所给词的副词形式修饰动词reduces。

故填greatly。

6．adopted考查动词的时态。

句意：很多饭店在市文明社会办公室公布这一建议后采用了这项政策，这也鼓励公众在家里分享食物时使用分开的器具。

句中after引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，由此可知，设空处也要用所给动词的过去式。

故填adopted。

7．which考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知，该空所在局部是一个非限制性定语从句，且从句缺少主语，而先行词为suggestion，故要用关系代词which。

故填which。

8．of考查介词。

句意：根据负责徐汇区一家饭店的屈奇所说，从2月21号开始营业以来，一个标志牌已经被摆放在桌子上告知人们使用餐具的重要性。

in charge of意为“主管，负责〞。

故填of。

9．has been put考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。

根据句中的“since the start of business on February 21”可知，此处要用现在完成时，而sign与put之间为被动关系，要用现在完成时的被动语态。

主语为a sign，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填has been put。

10．the考查冠词。

句意：到目前为止，这项效劳被大多数公众所接受。

此处service 指“提供公共餐具的效劳〞，用定冠词the表示特指。

故填the。

Ⅱ.作文升格
假定你是李华。

你的一位美国笔友Robert写电子邮件询问你高考后暑假的安排。

请根据以下要点，写一封80词左右的电子邮件回复他。

1．学开车；；
3．游览的名胜；，享受爱好。

注意：，以使行文连贯；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

[学生习作]
Dear Robert，
Ho w time flies! The College Entrance Examination is coming soon, which will announce the end of this stressful life. Therefore, I want to have a colorful and meaningful summer vacation.
First, I will learn how to drive to get a driving license, because I like driving very much. Second, I will take some English courses to improve my spoken English. After that, I will visit some tourist attractions throughout China to widen my horizons. Finally, I will have a good rest and enjoy my hobbies.
This is the plan for my vacation. I am eagerly looking forward to it.
Yours，
Li Hua
[我来升格]
(Ⅰ)将文中加黑词汇升级
1．coming soon→approaching/around_the_corner
2．want→intend
3．First→To_begin_with/To_start_with
4．like→am_fond_of
5．Second→In_addition/What's_more
6．visit→pay_a_visit_to
7．Finally→At_last/Eventually
(Ⅱ)将文中加黑句式升级
This is the plan for my vacation. I am eagerly looking forward to it.(用非限制性定语从句合并句子)
→This_is_the_plan_for_my_vacation,_which_I_am_eagerly_looking_forward_to.
[第二组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
Jimmy was out of a job and decided __1__ (attend) a job interview last Monday. His __2__ (appoint) was at 10 a．m. and it was already 8：30. While __3__ (wait) for a bus to the company, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy, __4__ was once a car mechanic (修理工), immediately went up to lend him a hand, Jimmy __5__ (success) got the car repaired and wouldn't accept any money for the service. Knowing that Jimmy had to rush for an interview, the old man insisted he __6__ (drive) Jimmy to the company. And Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. One by one, the applicants left the interviewer's office looking __7__ (disappoint). Finally, Jimmy's name __8__ (call). Jimmy entered the office and to his surprise, he saw the old man whom he helped earlier in the morning. __9__ turned out that he was the general manager of the company and Jimmy was one of the applicants of his company. What __10__ coincidence!
“Welcome to my company! I believe you'll be a trustworthy worker.〞the manager said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

Jimmy在赶着去面试的路上帮助了一位老人修车，并且没有收任何费用，结果证明，他在帮助别人的同时，也帮助了自己。

1．to attend考查非谓语动词。

decide to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“决定做某事〞。

2．appointment考查名词。

空格中所填单词在句中作主语，故用appoint的名词形式。

3．waiting考查时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为“While he was waiting for a bus to the company ...〞。

4．who考查定语从句。

此处应用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Jimmy。

5．successfully考查副词。

空格中所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词，需用success的副词形式。

6．(should) drive考查谓语动词。

insist后跟that从句作宾语时，从句谓语动词用“should ＋动词原形〞，should可以省略。

7．disappointed考查形容词。

此处表示“看起来很失望〞，形容面试者的神态，用形容词disappointed。

8．was called考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。

Jimmy's name是谓语动词动作的承受者，故用被动语态；这里说的是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。

9．It考查固定句型。

it turned out that ...意思是“结果是……，证明是……〞。

10．a考查冠词。

What a coincidence为常用表达，表示“真巧〞。

Ⅱ.作文升格
假定你是新华中学的高三学生李华，打算做志愿者，参加假期中外学生交流活动。

请你给市国际交流中心写一封申请信，内容包括：
1．性格特点；
2．英语水平；
3．乐于传播中国文化。

注意：；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语和结束语已给出，不计入总词数。

[学生习作]
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a student of Senior Three from Xinhua High School. I'm writing to apply for the position as a volunteer in the students' exchange program during the coming vacation.
In my opinion, I am suitable for the job. First, I am kind, friendly and easy-going, which enables me to get along well with my classmates. In addition, my English level is high, so I can communicate with foreign students easily. What is the most important is that I am interested
in Chinese culture. I would like to volunteer to help visitors, spread Chinese culture, and improve world cultural exchanges.
Looking for w ard to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[我来升格]
(Ⅰ)将文中加黑词汇升级
1．suitable→qualified
2．First→To_begin_with
3．important→vital
4．am interested in→am_crazy_about
5．improve→strengthen
(Ⅱ)将文中加黑句式升级
In addition, my English level is high, so I can communicate with foreign students easily.(用高级词汇＋so that句型＋it形式主语改写)
→In_addition,_I_have_a_good_command_of_English_so_that_it's_easy_for_me_to_commu nicate_with_foreign_students.
[第三组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
Pearson Education, the world's largest education publisher, has taken the first step towards phasing out (淘汰) print books by making all its learning resources “digital first〞. It is hoped that __1__ move will make more students buy its e-textbooks and bring the firm more profits.
“Over half of our profits come __2__ digital sales, so it is high time that we __3__ (make) our learning resources in the digital form first, rather than in the __4__ (tradition) textbook publishing model，〞Pearson's boss John Fallon said.
The firm __5__ (current) makes 20% of its profits from US college market, but it has been struggling as students increasingly choose __6__ (rent) second-hand print textbooks to save money. To meet the challenge, Mr. Fallon said Pearson Education would stop __7__ (revise) print books every three years, a model that the industry has been doing for 40 years. Meanwhile, its e-books will __8__ (update) continuously.
“There will still be print textbooks in use for many years to come, __9__ I think they will become a progressively smaller part of the learning experience，〞Mr. Fallon said.
Mr. Fallon said its plans for textbooks would begin in the US, but in time be extended to other __10__ (market) including the UK.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

据报道，全球最大的教育出版集团皮尔逊教育(Pearson Education)迈出了逐步淘汰印刷书籍的第一步，方案将所有学习资源数字化。

1．the考查冠词。

该空指的是上句提到的淘汰印刷书籍的行动，表示特指，故填定冠词the。

2．from考查介词。

此处意为“收入的一半以上来自数字销售〞，故填from。

3．made考查固定搭配。

it is high time sb. did sth.为固定用法，表示“是某人该做某事的时候了〞。

4．traditional考查形容词。

空格中所填单词在句中修饰后面的名词，故填tradition的形容词形式。

5．currently考查副词。

该空修饰后面的动词makes，故填current的副词形式。

6．to rent考查非谓语动词。

choose to do sth.为固定用法，表示“选择做某事〞。

7．revising考查非谓语动词。

教育出版集团Pearson Education将不再每三年修订一次印刷教材。

stop doing “停止做某事〞。

8．be updated考查动词的时态和语态。

此处表示的是电子书被更新，故使用update 的被动语态形式。

9．but考查连词。

在今后的许多年里，仍将有印刷教科书在使用，但我认为它们将逐渐成为学习资源中的一个较小的局部。

前后两个分句之间意义上存在转折关系，故用but连接。

10．markets考查名词。

other在修饰可数名词时，被修饰词需用其复数形式。

Ⅱ.作文升格
(·一模)假定你是李华，临近高考了，你给初中英语Miss Li写一封感谢信，内容包括：1．感谢她给你的帮助；
2．你为高考做的准备；
3．你对大学的展望以及上大学后的打算。

注意：；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

[学生习作]
Dear Miss Li，
Long time no see. Thank you for your kind help w ith my study. Time flies!I am a student of Senior Three no w. Because I am devoted to my study every day, I have learned much knowledge. It will definitely promise me a good performance in my College Entrance Examination. I hope that I can go to my dream university, one with good equipment and learned professors, who can offer me help when I am in difficulty. Of course, there will be exams in college to check my study. I won't spend time on books the whole day. Instead, I'll be active and join many associations where I can develop my social skills and my potential. I firmly believe that I can make my college life more colorful only when I have a common ground.
Yours，
Li Hua
[我来升格]
(Ⅰ)将文中加黑词汇升级
1．go to→be_admitted_into
2．help→guidance
3．spend time on→bury_myself_in/be_buried_in
(Ⅱ)将文中加黑句式升级
1．Because I am devoted to my study every day, I have learned much knowledge. It will definitely promise me a good performance in my College Entrance Examination.(用过去分词作状语和非限制性定语从句合并句子)
→Devoted_to_my_study_every_day,_I_have_learned_much_knowledge,_which_will_defini tely_promise_me_a_good_performance_in_my_College_Entrance_Examination.
2．I firmly believe that I can make my college life more colorful only when I have a common ground.(用only when引起的倒装句改写)
→I_firmly_believe_that_only_when_I_have_a_common_ground_can_I_make_my_college_l ife_more_colorful.
[第四组]
Ⅰ.语法填空
Ray Dalio, one of the world's most successful investors and entrepreneurs, shares __1__ principles that he has developed and used over the past forty years __2__ (create) unique results in both life and business.
In 1975, Ray Dalio __3__ (found) an investment firm, Bridgewater Associates, in New York City. Forty years later, Bridgewater has grown into the __4__ (five) most important private
company in the United States. Dalio himself has been named to Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Along the way, Dalio discovered a set of unique principles
that have led to Bridgewater's __5__ (extreme) effective culture. It is these principles, and not anything special about Dalio, __6__ he believes are the reason behind his success.
In Principles, Dalio shares __7__ he has learned over the course of his remarkable career. He argues that life, management, economics, and investing can all be systemized into __8__ (rule)
and understood like machines. While the book __9__ (fill) with novel ideas for organizations and institutions, Principles also offers a clear, straightforward approach to decision-making that Dalio believes anyone can apply.
Here, from a man who has been called the Steve Jobs of investing, is a rare opportunity to
gain proven advice unlike anything you'll find in the __10__ (convention) business press.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

文章简要介绍了美国投资大师Ray Dalio的《原那么》一书。

1．the考查冠词。

这里特指Ray Dalio过去40年所总结出的原那么，因此用定冠词the。

2．to create考查非谓词动词。

此处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语。

3．founded考查动词的时态。

根据时间状语In 1975可知，该空填found的一般过去
时形式founded。

4．fifth考查数词。

这里表示“美国第五大民营公司〞，因此用序数词形式。

5．extremely考查副词。

空格后面的effective是形容词，因此这里需要填一个副词来
修饰它。

6．that考查特殊句式。

本句为It is ... that ...构成的强调句型。

7．what考查名词性从句。

谓语动词shares后面是what引导的宾语从句。

8．rules考查名词。

这里提到的“规那么〞如同上文提到的“原那么〞，都是复数形
式。

9．is filled考查动词的时态和语态。

本句为被动语态形式。

be filled with表示“充满〞。

10．conventional考查形容词。

该空修饰后面的名词，因此填convention的形容词形
式conventional。

Ⅱ.作文升格
你校的外教Chris Pearson开设了一个英语辅导班(English Tutorial)，可根据学生的实际
需要进行辅导。

报名者须根据个人实际情况提出申请并选择辅导内容。

假定你是李华，请你
按照下面的提示给外教写一封电子邮件申请参加辅导班。

内容包括：
1．介绍个人情况；
2．说明辅导意向(如口语、语法、写作、文化知识等其中的一项或几项)；
3．表达愿望。

注意：；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

阅读下面学生习作，选择适当的过渡词或短语填空。

in addition， therefore， firstly， as a result， from time to time
Dear Mr. Pearson，
I'm Li Hua. I am w riting to apply for the membership of the English Tutorial. I think it is a good chance for me to improve my English skills.
①Firstly,_I'd like to tell you my present situation. Though having been learning English for nearly six years, I'm still not good at it. I find the grammar is so difficult that I must spend much time on it. ②In_addition,_focusing on students' getting good marks in exams, our teacher only emphasizes the teaching of English knowledge. ③As_a_result,_we have no chance to practise oral English. ④From_time_to_time,_I can't get my ideas across to others. ⑤Therefore,_I hope I can be a member of the English Tutorial. I'm convinced that my grammar and oral English could be greatly improved with your help.
Looking for w ard to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua。