2022-2023学年上海市实验学校高三下学期3月周练英语试题

II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A Chinese civilian unmanned airship un-intendedly entered US airspace last week due to force majeure and was shot down by the US military on Saturday. For days, US politicians and media have hyped up this incident, claiming it was a spy in the sky. Is this a part of China's surveillance program or an accidental incident overplayed by US politicians and media to smear China?
Last Friday, China confirmed that the airship was from China, noting that it was an unitended entry caused by force majeure. According to a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson, the balloon was a civilian airship used mainly for meteorological research that went off __21__ planned course due to winds and had limited self-steering capability. __22__ the US spotted the airship, the Chinese side informed the US side of the civilian nature of the airship and conveyed that its entry into the US was unexpected. China has actively communicated with the US and worked with the US to properly handle this unexpected situation in a calm, professional, and __23__ (restrain) manner.
It is not the first time in the world that balloons for scientific research __24__ (go) out of control. In 1998, a Canadian weather balloon - __25__ (conduct) scientific research for the Canadian Space Agency, Environment Canada, and the University of Denver in the US - went rogue due to a technical malfunction. The balloon failed to come down as planned and drifted across Canada toward the Atlantic Ocean. The balloons drifted in the sky for nine days, __26__ (enter) many countries' airspace, and finally landed on Finland's Mariehamn Island. The current Chinese balloon is a similar style to the Canadian balloon.
According to __27__ US official, the balloon's payload - the part under the balloon - is the size of two or three school buses. If the balloon is __28__ the US claimed as "part of an espionage program," it didn't make sense for China to choose such a giant balloon visible to civilians with the naked eye __29__ the US side would easily detect. Also, the US senior defense official acknowledged that the balloon "never posed a military or physical threat to the American people."
It is not the first time the US side has made groundless accusations __30__ China of spying. However, the US never provided any substantial evidence to prove their suspicion. As a responsible country, China strictly adheres to international law and respects other countries' sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
"Few articles change owners more frequently than clothes. They travel downwards from grade to grade in the social scale with remarkable regularity," wrote the journalist Adolphe Smith in 1877 as he traced a garment's journey.
That model is almost __31__ in the era of fast fashion. The average British customer buys four items a month, often at pocket-money prices; though the low cost is a godsend for the hard-up, many purchases are discarded after a few outings, or never worn at all. Clothes Aid reports that 350,000 tonnes of used but still wearable clothing goes to landfill in the UK each year.
Yet a gradual revival of the secondhand trade has gathered pace in the last years. At fashion website Asos, vintage sales have risen by 92%. It was once worn out of __32__; then it became the quirky choice of Jarvis Cocker-style misfits and the label of "vintage" gave it cachet. Now it is simply a way of life. Busy families sell cast-off items on eBay, teenagers trade on Depop and fashionistas offer designer labels on V estiaire Collective. __33__, it has become big enough business that mainstream retailers want a slice of the action. Cos, owned by H&M, has launched a resale service on its website. Selfridges already has a vintage channel. Asda announced last week that it would sell secondhand clothing in 50 supermarkets, following a successful __34__ project.
For some buyers and sellers, the __35__ to secondhand is born of pandemic-induced financial need. Others have become queasy at working conditions in factories, or the impact of their shopping habit on the planet. But the shift is only a partial solution. One concern is that mainstream brands may "__36__" - using relatively small volumes of secondhand goods to improve their image, rather than engaging more seriously with sustainability. Another worry is that good causes are losing out as people trade rather than __37__ unwanted clothes. The biggest concern may be that people keep buying because they know they can resell goods, still chasing the buzz of the next purchase but with a(n) __38__ conscience and healthier bank balance.
A new Netflix series, Worn Stories, documents the emotional resonance that clothes can have, each item "a memoir in miniature", writes Emily Spivack, whose book gave rise to the show. A handbag from a grandmother; a scarf passed on by a father, garment that made people feel confident in their first job - almost everyone has at least one item they cherish. Perhaps we could cultivate such __39__. A love of style is not a bad or trivial thing. But a(n) __40__ relationship is better than a quick fling. Can we learn to appreciate our own old clothes as well as other people's? III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Sounds of Mars wind captured by Nasa's InSight lander
The sound of the wind on Mars has been captured for the first time by Nasa's InSight lander, which was __41__ to Mars and touched down on the red planet 10 days ago.
The agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) __42__ a piece of processed audio of the alien wind on Friday evening. InSight collected the low-frequency rumblings during its first week of operations.
The wind is __43__ to be blowing at between 10 and 15 mph. These are the first sounds from Mars that are __44__ by human ears, according to the researchers.
"Capturing this audio was an unplanned __45__," said Bruce Banerdt, the InSight principal investigator at Nasa's lab in California. "But one of the things our mission is __46__ to is measuring motion on Mars and naturally that includes motion caused by sound waves."
Nasa presented the sounds at a news conference on Friday. Cornell University's Don Banfield told reporters they __47__ him of "sitting outside on a windy summer afternoon ... in some sense, this is what it would sound as if you were sitting on the InSight lander on Mars."
Scientists involved in the project said the sound has a thought-provoking, quality. Thomas Pike of Imperial College London said the rumbling was "rather different to anything that we've experienced on Earth, and I think it just gives us another way of __48__ how far away we are getting these signals."
The noise is of the wind blowing against InSight's solar panels and the resulting vibration of the entire spacecraft. The sounds were __49__ by an air pressure sensor inside the lander that is part of a weather station, as well as the seismometer（地震仪）on the deck of the spacecraft.
The low frequencies are a result of Mars' very thin air __50__, which is almost entirely made up of carbon dioxide, and, even more so, the seismometer itself, which is meant to detect underground seismic waves that are well below the threshold of human hearing. The seismometer will be moved to the Martian surface in the coming weeks. Until then, the team plans to record more wind noise.
The 1976 Viking landers on Mars __51__ spacecraft shaking caused by wind, but it would be a(n) __52__ to consider it sound, said Banerdt.
InSight landed on Mars on 26 November. "We're all still on a high from the landing last week ... and here we are less than two weeks after landing, and we've already got some amazing new science," said Nasa's Lori Glaze, the acting director of __53__ science. "It's cool. It's fun."
On the surface of Mars, InSight will draw on a suite of instruments to study the planet's internal structure. A seismometer deployed by a robot arm will act as a(n) __54__ to the ground and listen for tremors produced when subterranean rock faces slip past one another along geological fault-lines（断层线）. Scientists expect InSight to record anything from a dozen to 100 Marsquakes of magnitude 3.5 or greater over the lander's two-year mission. The seismometer is so __55__ that it can detect vibrations smaller than the width of an atom.
41. A. transferred B. launched C. delivered D. orbited
42. A. released B. generated C. advocated D. addressed
43. A. realized B. established C. estimated D. identified
44. A. distinguishable B. available C. detectable D. accessible
45. A. incident B. implication C. trick D. treat
46. A. deposited B. arranged C. supposed D. dedicated
47. A. informed B. reminded C. deprived D. convinced
48. A. figuring out B. dealing with C. thinking about D. working on
49. A. screened B. recognized C. interfered D. recorded
50. A. density B. concentration C. intensity D. quantity
51. A. made up B. caught up C. took up D. picked up
52. A. stretch B. illusion C. coincidence D. approach
53. A. planetary B. geological C. gravitational D. physical
54. A. aid B. ear C. arm D. tool
55. A. delicate B. sensible C. accurate D. sensitive
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(C)
Alan Jamieson remembers seeing it for the first time: a small, black fiber floating in liquid. It resembled a hair, but when Jamieson examined it under a microscope, he realized that the fiber was clearly synthetic -- a piece of plastic. And worryingly, his student Lauren Brooks had pulled it from the gut of a small amphipod living in one of the deepest parts of the ocean.
For the past decade, Jamieson, a marine biologist at Newcastle University, has been sending vehicles to the bottom of marine trenches（海沟）, which can be as deep as the Himalayas are tall. These landers have collected amphipods -- scavenger relatives of crabs and shrimp that thrive in the abyss. Jamieson originally wanted to know how these animals differ from one distant trench to another. But a few years ago, he decided to analyze their body for toxic, human-made pollutants, which have been banned for decades but which persist in nature for much longer.
The team found much PCBs（多氯联苯）. Some amphipods were carrying levels 50 times higher than those seen in crabs from one of China's most polluted rivers. When the news broke, Jamieson received calls from journalists and concerned citizens. And in every discussion, one question kept coming up: What about plastics?
The world produces an estimated 10 tons of plastic a second, and between 5 million and 14 million tons sweep into the oceans every year. Some of them washes up on beaches. About 5 trillion pieces currently float in surface waters, mostly in the form of tiny, easy-to-swallow fragments that ends up in the gut of albatrosses, sea turtles, plankton, fish, and whales. But those pieces also sink, snowing into the deep sea and upon the amphipods that live there.
"It's not a good result," Jamieson said. "I don't like doing this type of work." When he submitted his findings to a scientific journal, the researchers who reviewed the paper reasonably asked how he could tell that the fibers were actually plastic. "Our response was, 'Some of it's
purple!'" Jamieson says.
"There's bits of pink in there. This doesn't come from animals." To satisfy the critics, his team chemically analyzed a subset of the fibers and found that all of it was synthetic.
Other scientists have also found plastic litter in the deep: just last year, one team documented a plastic bag at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. Until now, no one had shown that abyssal animals were actually eating those fragments, but it seems obvious that amphipods would. When a morsel（食物碎屑）hits the ocean floor, amphipods turn up in droves.
Food is scarce in the deep, so amphipods eat pretty much anything, which makes them particularly vulnerable to plastics. And since they sit at the bottom of the ocean food webs, t heir appetite can upset entire ecosystems. "They're like bags of peanuts," Jamieson says, "Everything else eats amphipods -- shrimp, fish -- and they'll end up consuming plastics, too. And when the fish die, they get consumed by amphipods, and it goes round and round in circles."
"I imagine pollution in the Mariana Trench is an abstract concept for most people, but for those of us living in the Mariana Islands this has consequences for what ends up on our dinner plates," says Angelo Villagomez, from the Mariana Islands who works for the Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project. "So what can we do? The International Union for the Conservation of Nature recommends we protect 30 percent of every marine habitat to address human impacts, but that will only help if we're also sustainably managing the remaining 70 percent, reducing carbon emissions, and limiting the pollution being dumped in the ocean in the first place."
63. The underlined word "abyss" in the passage is closest in meaning to _________?
A. bottomless hole
B. high peak
C. distant area
D. endless pain
64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Amphipods begin to produce fibers due to marine pollution.
B. Jamieson ended up knowing the difference between animals in different trenches.
C. Jamieson has proved the fibers they found were generated by humans.
D. Amphipods consume almost everything in oceans and often attack other creatures.
65. By saying "their appetite can upset entire ecosystems", the author means _________?
A. Amphipods consuming too much marine resources affect the balance of nature.
B. Amphipods can produce chain effects since they are food resources of others.
C. Amphipods have occupied a lot of ocean space because of their appetite.
D. Amphipods' habitat should be protected so as to address human impacts.
66. Which of the following can be the best title of passage?
A. Amphipods threatened by plastic litter
B. Marine pollution - a big problem
C. The disturbed ecosystem in the sea
D. Most troubling discovery in the deepest ocean.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.
Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
"The greatest scientists are artists as well," said Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists and an amateur pianist and violinist.
For Einstein, insight did not come from logic or mathematics. (67) _________ As he told one friend, "When I examine myself and my methods of thought, I find that the gift of imagination has meant more to me than any talent for absorbing absolute knowledge. All great achievements of science must start from intuitive knowledge. Imagination is more important than knowledge.
But how did art differ from science for Einstein? Surprisingly, it wasn't the content of an of an idea, or its subject, that determined whether something was art or science, but how the idea impressed. If what is seen and experienced is described in the language of logic, then it is science. If it is communicated and recognized intuitively, then it is art. (68) _________ That's why he said that great scientists were also artists. Einstein first described his intuitive thought processes at a physics conference in Kyoto in 1922 when he indicated that he used images and feelings to solve his problems and found words, logical symbols or mathematical equations later.
(69) _________ "If I were not a physicist," he once said, "I would probably be a musician. I often think in music and I see my life in terms of music. I get most joy in life out of music. Whenever I feel that I have come to the end of the road or into a difficult situation in my work, I would bury myself in music, and that would usually solve all my difficulties."
Music provided Einstein with a connection between time and space which both combine spatial and structural aspects. "The theory of relativity occurred to me by intuition and music is the driving force behind this intuition. My parents had me study the violin from the time I was six. (70) _________" said Einstein.
第II卷
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Why Do Chinese Parents Prefer Legos to Barbies?
Budding engineers cluster around a table-sized model of the China Art Museum, a landmark of Shanghai, adding helipads, carrot patches and other improvements with colorful bricks. Prising a child from Lego's vast shop near People's Square can be like un-sticking two stubborn bits of Lego. Li Yang, visiting for a few days from Shenzhen, has been waiting for her daughter for two
hours. Zhu Yunfei, watching his son, marvels at the variety: "Coming here to play with him is making up for my childhood," he says. They drop by every week.
Lego's rise in China has been rapid and dramatic. In 2017 it overtook Alpha Group, a local giant, to become the country's leading toy company (not including video games). In the past two years it has opened 89 stores. It wants 50 more by December, which will bring it to 30 cities. Its first Chinese factory started molding bricks in 2016. The toy industry is growing by 9% annually in the country, but the Danish firm's Chinese arm notches up "very strong double digits," says Paul Huang, its boss.
It has done so even as the brick maker's global business has looked shakier. In 2017 Lego cut 1,400 jobs and recorded its first drop in revenues and profits in over a decade. But last year both ticked up again, by 4% each. Lego has thus retained its status as the world's biggest toy-maker, taken from Mattel in 2014 -- even as its American rival last year earned its highest revenues in five years from its Barbie dolls.
Newly affluent parents in China have helped Lego recover. "We have not maxed out there, by far," says Niels Christiansen, whom Lego brought in as chief executive two years ago. As in the West, the educational merits of bricks appeal to Chinese parents. Last year 98% of those surveyed Lego said that play was essential for their child's well-being, even more than Americans and Danes.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 第一部小说就被成功改编成电影，新晋才女作家名利双收。

(with)
73. 在这家被网红追捧的酒店阳台，外滩全景尽收眼底。

(overlook)
74. 2月6日凌晨土耳其南部发生大地震后，中国派出17支救援队在地震灾区开展救援工作。

(follow)
75. 推出仅仅两个多月，ChatGPT以其强大的信息整合和对话能力惊艳了全球，其必将引发新一轮人工智能革命。

(which)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
毕业前夕，高三年级同学决定给母校献上一份礼物。

现有以下两个方案，方案一：为母校设计并制作“校友名人橱窗”；方案二：为母校拍一部招生短片。

现在学生通过校园网征询全年级同学意见。

假设你是高三学生王梓，请你给学生会写一封邮件表达你的选择和想法。

你的邮件必须包含：
1. 你选择哪个方案（二选一）；
2. 通过对比说明你的理由。

周考十四参考答案
I.Listening Comprehension (25%)
Section A 1-5 DCABD 6-10 ABACC
Section B 11-15 ADBBD 16-20 CACDB
II.Grammar and Vocabulary(20%)
Section A
Section B
31-35 GABKI
36-40 JDHFC
III.Reading Comprehension (45%)
41-45 BACCD 46-50 DBCDA 51- 55 DAABD 63-66 ACBD
67-70 BFDE。