2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第4期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析B卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Doctors are interested in using lasers as surgical tools in operations on people who are prone to heart attack.
问题1选项
A.are infectious to
B.are accessible to
C.are disposed of
D.are susceptible to
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组词义辨析。

A选项are infectious to “有传染性”；B选项are accessible to “都可以访问”；C选项are disposed of “正在处理”；D选项are susceptible to “易受”。

句意：医生有兴趣使用激光作为手术工具，对那些容易心脏病发作的人进行手术。

根据此处关键词heart attack （心脏病）可排除A选项，B选项及C选项不符合句意也可排除，D选项are susceptibl e to“易受”最符合题意，因此D选项正确。

2.
单选题
He was accused of being a ______ because he made promises which aroused futile hopes in his listeners.
问题1选项
A.spokesman
B.demagogue
C.representative
D.politician
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项spokesman“发言人；代言人”；B选项 dema gogue“煽动者；煽动家；煽动政治家”；C选项representative“代表；典型；众议员；销售代表”；D选项politician “政治家”。

句意：他被指控为一名……，因为他的承诺在听众中激起了无用的希望。

由aroused futile hopes in his listeners（在他的听众中激起了无用的希望）可知B选项与其意思对应正确，结合此处语境，B 选项正确。

3.
单选题
Many renowned scientists questioned the validity of the assumption.
问题1选项
A.credit
B.weakness
C.correctness
D.uncertainty
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A选项credit“信用，信誉”；B选项weakness“弱点；软弱；嗜好”；C 选项correctness“正确性”；D选项uncertainty“犹豫；不确定的事物；不确定度”。

句意：许多著名的科学家对这一假设的正确性提出了质疑。

结合此处关键词questioned the … of the assumption （对假设提出质疑），结合句意，得知C选项正确。

4.
写作题
In recent years, more and more university graduates go back to their hometown in the rural areas and work there as teachers or village Party secretaries, etC.after obtaining their bachelor or master degrees. Some people say what they do goes against convention. Others say the rural areas are desperately in need of skilled administrators. Then should university graduates go to work in a rural area? What’s your opinion about this phenomenon? Write a passage on the topic Is U niversity Graduates’ Going to Work in a Rural Area a Waste of Talent? in about 200 words. You must write clearly and logically on your Answer Sheet.（写在试题册上无效。

）
Is University Graduates’ Going to Work in a Rural AreaA Waste of Talent?
【答案】略。

5.
单选题
We often ______ our energies in trivial occupations.
问题1选项
A.dissipated
B.indulged
C.unscrambled
D.took
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A选项dissipated“消散；浪费”；B选项indulged “沉溺；满足；放任”；C选项unscrambled “使……还原；译出；理顺，理清”；D选项took “拿；取；接受”。

句意：我们经常……我们的精力在琐碎的工作上。

根据单词trivial occupations （琐碎的工作），可推测我们经常会浪费我们的精力在一些琐碎的工作上，结合此处语境，选项A为正确答案。

6. 单选题
The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to revenge themselves on the German team for last year’s defeat.
问题1选项
A.retaliate
B.recover
C.repel
D.defend
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A选项retaliate “报复”；B选项recover “恢复；弥补；重新获得”；C选项repel “击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快”；D选项 de fend“辩护；防护”。

句意：目前状态不佳的西班牙队将在下周全力以赴，为去年的失利向德国队报仇。

结合此处关键词revenge “报复；替……报仇；洗雪”，得知A选项正确。

7.
单选题
The destruction of the Earth’s ozone layer, for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultraviolet rays to harm plants and animals.
问题1选项
A.sufficient
B.improvement
C.prosperity
D.poverty
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项sufficient “足够的；充分的”；B选项improvement “改进，改
善；提高”；C选项prosperity “繁荣，成功”；D选项poverty “贫困；困难；缺少；低劣”。

句意：例如，地球臭氧层的破坏会使紫外线伤害动植物，从而加剧贫困化的进程。

结合此处关键词impoverishment “贫穷；致使贫乏或贫瘠之事物；穷困化状况”，得知D选项正确。

8.
单选题
We must live with the knowledge that all living creatures are ___.
问题1选项
A.moral
B.fierce
C.fatal
D.mortal
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项moral “道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项fierce “凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项fatal “致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项 mortal “凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。

句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。

故选D。

9.
单选题
Life is full of perils, but the wise man ignores those that are ______.
问题1选项
A.ineluctable
B.inevitable
C.unessential
D.unforgettable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

A选项ineluctable“不可避免的；无法逃避的”；B选项inevitable “必然的；无法避免的”；C选项unessential“非本质的”；D选项unforgettable“难忘的”。

句意：生活充满了危险，但聪明的人会忽略这些……危险。

“ineluctable”和“inevitable”都有“无法避免”意思，但是“inevitable” 所形容的事件存在着必然性。

因此B选项正确。

10.
单选题
Congress delegates waited ___ for the congratulatory telegram from Moscow when the new party was formed.
问题1选项
A.in terms
B.in the long run
C.in view
D.in vain
【答案】A
【解析】考查词组。

A选项in terms “明确地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B选项in the long run “长远；终究”；C选项in view “在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标”；D选项in vain “徒然；无效”。

句意：当新政党成立时，国会代表们焦急地等待来自莫斯科的贺电。

结合句意，判断出选项A为正确答案。

11.
单选题
The subject of safety must be placed at the top of the ___.
问题1选项
A.agenda
B.bulletin
C.routine
D.timetable
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项agenda“议程；日常工作事项；日程表”；B选项bulletin“公告，公报”；C选项routine“常规，惯例；生活乏味；（演出中的）一套动作；（计算机）例行程序”；D选项timetable “时间表；时刻表；课程表”。

句意：安全问题必须放在议程的首位。

结合此处语境，A选项正确。

12.
翻译题
通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。

结果表明：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。

此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。

【答案】By means of data consulting, field research, data analysis and expert consultation, this paper screened out the diagnostic morphological indexes of ancient trees suitable for this area, established the grading basis of each index, constructed the diagnostic criteria of ancient trees' health, and based on the criteria, diagnosed the health status of 86 ancient trees (tree names are temporarily abbreviated) in central Yunnan. The results showed that the health status of ancient trees was mostly good and average, with some differences among different tree species. The results were positively correlated with the growth strength of ancient trees, which could reflect the real health status of ancient trees, and the application effect was good. In addition, the reasons that affect the health status of ancient trees are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are put forward. 13.
单选题
Are we going to see an end to the Arab-Israeli disagreement?
问题1选项
A.disaster
B.controversy
C.confrontation
D.aggression
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项disaster“灾难；灾祸；不幸”；B选项c ontroversy “辩论”；C 选项confrontation“对抗；对峙”；D选项aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。

句意：我们会看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧结束吗。

A选项 disaster（灾难）不能形容两个国家的分歧。

B选项controversy（辩论），可以排除。

D选项aggression（侵犯），这里并没有体现两个国家的侵略。

C选项confrontation（对峙）最符合题意，由此得知C选项正确。

14.
单选题
The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human as opposed to spiritual-values. Fulfillment in life—as opposed to concern about an afterlife—became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.
Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. These changes in outlook deeply affected the
musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way
music was composed, experienced, discussed, and disseminateD.They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music—although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.
The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
2. What does the author mean by using the word eventually in Para.1?
3. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of ___.
4. According to the passage, Renaissance artists and writers had all of the following intentions EXCEPT ___.
5. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?
问题1选项
A.The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European Renaissance
B.The musical techniques that were in use during the European Renaissance
C.The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical style
D.The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance
问题2选项
A.That music historians us ed the term “Renaissance” after the other historians did
B.That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”
C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians
D.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet
问题3选项
munication among artists across Europe
B.spirituality in everyday life
C.a cultural emphasis on human values
D.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes
问题4选项
A.to use religious themes
B.to portray only the pleasant parts of human experience
C.to produce art that people would find attractive
D.to create works that were easily understood
问题5选项
A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style
B.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style
C.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians
D.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:D
【解析】1.主旨大意题。

根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句“The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。

可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化在内的文化发展。

”正确。

2.推理判断题。

由题干关键字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史学家朱尔斯•米歇莱(Jules Michelet)在他的《法国历史》中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲文化。

关键词“eventually”意为“最后；终于”因此可知A选项：音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后才使用“文艺复兴”这个词正确。

3.细节事实题。

由题干关键词“that thinkers of the Renaissance” 可定位到原文第一段“To these scholars this meant a return to human as opposed to spiritual-values.”，中文翻译为：对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类，而不是灵魂价值。

判断C选项“对人类价值的文化强调”正确。

4.细节事实题。

A选项“使用宗教主题”，C选项“创作出人们会觉得有吸引力的艺术作品”以及D选项“创作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artists and writers now turned to secular as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. ”，中文翻译为：艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，力求使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。

可知B选项“只描绘人类经历中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合题意。

5.推理判断题。

由题干可以定位到原文尾段“Furthermore, m usic changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.”，中文翻译为：此外，音乐在这一个半世纪里变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化——我们不能定义一个单一的文艺复兴风格。

判断出D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从未长时间保持不变。

”正确。

15.
单选题
At home their losses to farming and industry had to be made good, as far as possible, with more foreign workers and prisoners-of-war.
问题1选项
pensated
B.constructed well
C.managed properly
D.terminated
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

A选项compensate “补偿”；B选项construct well “构造得很好”；C选项manage properly “妥善处理”；D选项terminate “使终止；使结束；解雇”。

句意：在国内，他们在农业和工业上的损失必须尽可能用更多的外国工人和战俘来弥补。

结合此处关键词made good “补偿”，得知A为正确答案。