英语专业术语讲解

重塑政府运动”(Reinventing Government Movement) Reinventing government movement is a recent and influential approach for reforming public organizations in many countries. Based on the New Public Management Paradigm developed in 1980s, the movement gained great momentum in the United States of America, especially with the introduction of the National Performance Review and the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 which reflected the reinventing ideas on reforming the federal government. 重塑政府运动，是一个在许多国家的公共机构改革的近期和有影响力的方法。

的基础上在20世纪80年代开发的新公共管理范式，在美国获得的运动声势，特别是引进的国家绩效评估和政府绩效与结果法“1993年反映改革联邦再造思想政府。

While the act’s managerial philosophy closely related to the New Public Management Parad igm and the Osborne and Gaebler’s book, Reinventing Government, the main assumptions of the rational means-ends relationship structure established for achieving the expected reinventing goals are rooted in the Rational Choice Theory. 虽然该法案的管理理念密切相关的新公共管理范式的奥斯本和盖布勒的书，“政府创新”，的合理手段-目的关系实现了预期的重塑目标是在理性选择理论植根于建立结构的主要假设。

This paper analyzes the rational assumptions of the reinventing movement in the American federal government and the threats to the validity of these assumptions. The study uses data from the academic literature as well the reports of public organizations that present findings about the implementation process. The study concludes that existing threats must be addressed to reach expected reinventing outcomes. 本文分析了在美国联邦政府的重塑运动的理性假设和威胁，这些假设的有效性。

这项研究使用的学术文献数据以及公共机构的报告，目前的研究结果，对实施过程中。

这项研究得出结论认为，现有的威胁，必须加以解决，以达到
预期的重塑成果。

Parg. 1 Reinvention means the fundamental transformation of public administration to increase effectiveness, efficiency, adaptability, and capacity to innovate (Osborne
and Plastric 1998). The main principles of the movement are as follows (Osborne
and Plastric 1998, Osborne and Gaebler 1992): Parg。

6。

再造是指公共
行政的根本改造，增加效益，效率，适应性和创新能力（1998年奥斯本和
Plastric ）。

运动的主要原则如下（奥斯本和Plastric 1998年，奥斯本和盖
布勒1992）：
Parg. 2* Catalytic government: Steering rather than rowing: separating policy and regulatory functions from service delivery and compliance functions and
choosing a method such as contracts, vouchers, grants, tax incentives in
accomplishing their goals and ensuring efficiency, effectiveness, equity,
accountability, and flexibility. Parg。

7。

*催化政府而不是划桨的指导：
分离政策和监管职能从提供服务及合规职能和选择，如合同，凭证，补助，
税收优惠政策在完成自己的目标，并确保效率，效益，公平，问责制和灵活
性法。

Parg. 3* Community –owned government: Pushing control of services out of the bureaucracy, into community by funding and empowering communities to solve
their own problems. Parg。

8。

*社区拥有的政府：官僚排挤到社区服
务的控制，资金和增强社区解决自己的问题。

Parg. 4.* Competitive Government: Based on performance and price, opening the service delivery function to competition involving outsourcing and privatization when
necessary. Parg。

9。

*竞争性政府：基于性能和价格，必要时涉及外包
和私有化的竞争开放提供服务的功能。

Parg. 5* Mission Driven Government:Developing clear agency missions and freeing managers to find the best way to accomplish that mission. Parg。

10 *任务驱动
的政府：制定明确机构的任务和释放经理找到最好的方式来完成这一使命。

Parg.6.* Results-Oriented Government: Funding outcomes not inputs: Shifting accountability from inputs to outcomes or results, measuring performance of
public agencies, setting targets, rewarding successful agencies, and using budgets
to spell out the level of performance legislators expect for the price they are
willing to pay. Parg。

11 *结果为导向的政府：在资金方面的成果不投入：
从投入的责任转移成果或结果，衡量公共机构的业绩，设定目标，奖励成功
的机构，并使用预算列明的性能立法者水平，预计价格他们都愿意付出。

Parg. 7* Customer-Driven Government:Putting customers first not the bureaucracy;
listening customers, setting customer service standards and offering guarantees,
and giving customers a choice of service providers. Parg。

12 *客户驱动的政
府：以客户至上不是官僚，聆听客户，制定客户服务标准，并提供担保，并
给客户的服务供应商的选择。

Parg. 8* Enterprising government:Earning rather than spending: focusing not only spending money, but also on earning money. Parg。

13 *进取的政府。

收益，
而不是支出的重点，不仅花钱，而且对赚钱。

Parg. 9 Anticipatory government:Preventing problems rather than delivering services to correct them through strategic planning, future visioning, and other goals to have
better foresight. Parg。

14 *预期政府：预防问题，而不是提供服务的正确
通过他们有更好的高瞻远瞩的战略规划，未来的远景规划，目标和其他目标。

Parg. 10* Decentralized Government: From hierarchy to participation and team work: Pushing authority down through the organization, encouraging employees to
make more of their own decisions when dealing with customers, and
empowering employees by flattening organizational hierarchies, using teams and
creating labor-management partnerships. Parg。

15 *分散的政府：从层次来
参与和团队的工作：通过组织推管理局，鼓励员工自己决定，与客户打交道
时，并授权由扁平化的组织层次的员工，利用团队，并建立劳动管理合作伙
伴关系。

Parg. 11* Market Oriented Government: Restructuring private markets to solve problems rather than using administrative mechanisms such as service delivery or
command and control regulation.Parg。

16 *以市场为导向的政府：重组私
人市场来解决，而不是使用提供服务或指挥和控制调节等行政机制的问题。