Continuous Variable Entanglement Distribution for Long-Distance Quantum Communication
On the separability criterion for continuous variable systems
issues have been discussed in the past by several authors [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. The present status of the quantum separability problem is nicely reviewed in [14]. We here present an elementary and explicit proof by starting with the elementary analysis of Heisenberg uncertainty relations in the manner of Kennard [15, 16] and an explicit determination of squeezing parameters which establish that the Prepresentation condition saturates the Sp(2, R) ⊗ Sp(2, R) invariant separability condition. We thus give the explicit formulas of squeezing parameters, which establish the equivalence of the separability condition and the P-representation condition, in terms of the parameters of the standard form of the correlation matrix (or second moments). It is also pointed out that the original proof of the P-representation by DGCZ is incomplete, and a way to complete their proof is shown. It is then shown that both of the corrected proof of DGCZ and the seemingly quite different proof of Simon are closely related to our explicit construction. Our treatment is based on a clear recognition that the separability condition associated with uncertainty relations is invariant under general Sp(2, R) ⊗ Sp(2, R) transformations, whereas the condition for the P-representation of Gaussian states is not invariant under general Sp(2, R) ⊗ Sp(2, R) transformations. A combination of these two apparently contradicting relations is the basis of our construction of the explicit solution.
计量经济学专业英汉词典
计量经济学专业英汉词典计量经济学专业英汉词典中文英文调整的R^2 （确定系数）adjusted R^2调整系数adjustment coefficient调整系数矩阵adjustment coefficient matrix赤池信息准则（AIC）Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) 阿尔蒙分布滞后模型Almen distributed lag model阿尔蒙滞后Almon lags备择假设alternative hypothesis方差分析analysis of variance辅助变量ancillary variable近似协方差矩阵approximate covariance matrix近似正态分布approximate normal distribution自回归模型AR model自回归过程AR process自回归条件异方差模型ARCH model自回归移动平均模型ARMA model假定assumption渐近χ2分布asymptotic χ2 distribution渐近协方差矩阵asymptotic covariance matrix渐近分布asymptotic distribution渐近有效性asymptotic efficiency渐近性质asymptotic properties渐近抽样特性asymptotic sampling properties渐近设定asymptotic specification渐近标准误差asymptotic standard error渐近检验asymptotic test渐近检验统计量asymptotic test statistic渐近逼近asymptotically approximation渐近有效估计式asymptotically efficient estimator渐近无偏估计式asymptotically unbiased estimatorADF检验，增项（增广）DF检验Augmented Dickey-Fuller test AEG检验，增项（增广）EG检验Augmented Engle-Granger test自相关方程误差autocorrelated equation error自相关autocorrelation自相关函数autocorrelation function自协方差autocovariance自协方差函数autocovariance function自回归autoregression自回归条件异方差autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity自回归分布滞后模型autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model自回归单整移动平均（ARIMA）autoregressive integrated moving average process 过程自回归（AR）摸型autoregressive model自回归移动平均（ARMA）过程autoregressive moving-average process自回归算子autoregressive operator辅助回归auxiliary regression平均值average行为方程behavioral equation贝拉－哈尔克（BJ）统计量Bera-Jarque statistic贝努利分布Bernoulli distribution最佳决策best decision最佳线性无偏估计式（BLUE）best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE)最佳线性无偏预测best linear unbiased prediction最佳无偏估计式best unbiased estimator偏倚bias偏倚向量bias vector有偏估计式biased estimator二元选择模型binary choice model二项分布binomial distribution二元正态随机变量bivariate normal random variable自举法，靴襻法bootstrap procedure博克斯－考克斯变换Box-Cox transformation博克斯－詹金斯方法Box-Jenkins approach布罗施－帕甘检验Breusch-Pagan test布朗运动Brownian motion典型相关canonical correlation因果性causality中心极限定理central limit theorem特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征向量characteristic vector卡埃方分布chi-square distribution古典统计学classical statistics柯布－道格拉斯生产函数Cobb-Douglas production function 科克伦－奥克特方法Cochrane-Orcutt procedure“概率极限”概念concept of “plim”条件推断conditional inference条件概率conditional probability条件概率密度函数conditional probability density function 置信区间confidence interval一致性consistency一致估计式consistent estimator一致性检验consistent test消费函数consumption function同期相关contemporaneous correlation同期协方差矩阵contemporaneous covariance matrix同期扰动相关contemporaneous disturbance correlation同期独立随机回归自变量contemporaneous independent stochastic regressor 连续映射理论continuous mapping theorem 连续随机变量continuous random variable连续回归函数continuous regression function常规抽样理论conventional sampling theory依概率收敛converge in probability收敛convergence依分布收敛convergence in distribution相关correlation相关系数correlation coefficient相关矩阵correlation matrix相关图correlogram成本cost协方差covariance协方差矩阵covariance matrix协方差矩阵估计式covariance matrix estimator克拉美规则Cramér rule克拉美－拉奥不等式Cramér-Rao inequality克拉美－拉奥下界Cramér-Rao lower bound临界区域critical region临界值critical value截面数据cross-section data累积分布函数cumulative distribution function 数据data数据生成过程（dgp）date generation process数据标准化date normalization盲始模型dead-start model决策decision making决策规则decision rule决策规则选择decision rule choice决策理论decision theory演绎系统deductive system定义方程definitional equation解释程度degree of explanation自由度degree of freedom密度函数density function相依变量dependent variable设计矩阵design matrix检验方法detection methods方阵的行列式determinant of a square matrix确定系数，可决系数determination coefficient诊断校验diagnostic checking对角矩阵diagonal matrix对称矩阵的对角化diagonalization of a symmetric matrix 差分difference差分方程difference equation离散随机变量discrete random variable离散样本空间discrete sample space离散随机过程discrete stochastic process非均衡误差disequilibrium error不相交集disjoint set分布滞后distributed lag分布滞后模型distributed lag model分布distribution分布函数distribution function分布理论distribution theory扰动协方差矩阵disturbance covariance matrix扰动方差disturbance variance位移项drift虚拟变量dummy variable虚拟变量估计式dummy variable estimatorDW（德宾—沃森）统计量Durbin-Watson statisticDW（德宾—沃森）检验Durbin-Watson test动态模型dynamic model动态乘数dynamic multiplier动态回归dynamic regression动态联立方程dynamic simultaneous equation计量经济学，经济计量学econometrics经济变量economic variables经济学economics经济economy有效性efficiencyEG检验EG test特征值eigen value弹性elasticity椭圆ellipse空集empty set内生变量endogenous variableEG两步估计量Engel-Granger (EG) two-step estimate EG两步法Engel-Granger (EG) two-step method 方程误差equation error 方程识别equation identification均衡equilibrium均衡分析equilibrium analysis均衡条件equilibrium condition均衡乘子equilibrium multiplier均衡关系equilibrium relationship均衡状态equilibrium state遍历性ergodicity误差error误差分量error component误差修正机制error correction mechanism误差修正模型error correction model误差修正项error correction term误差平方和error sum of squares误差向量error vector估计量estimate估计estimation估计式estimator欧氏空间Euclidean space外生前定变量exogenous predetermined variable 外生变量exogenous variable期望算子expectation operator期望值expected value试验experiment被解释变量explained variable解释变量explaining variable解释explanation指数分布exponential distributionF分布 F distributionF统计量 F statisticF检验 F test因子分解准则factorization criterion反馈feedback最终形式final form有限分布滞后模型finite distribution lag model有限非奇异矩阵finite nonsingular matrix有限多项式滞后finite polynomial lag有限抽样特性finite sampling property有限方差finite variance一阶自回归模型first-order autoregressive model 一阶条件first-order condition一阶差分算子first-order difference operator 一阶泰勒级数first-order Taylor series拟合值fitted value固定回归自变量fixed regressor预测区间forecast interval预测区域forecast region预测方差forecast variance预测forecasting频数，频率frequency完全信息估计full information estimation完全信息极大似然法full information maximum likelihood method 函数形式function form函数空间function space泛函中心极限定理functional central limit theorem (FCLT)伽玛分布Gamma distribution伽玛函数Gamma function广义自回归条件异方差模型GARCH高斯白噪声Gaussian white noise高斯－马尔可夫定理Gauss-Markov theorem高斯－牛顿算法Gauss-Newton algorithm一般协方差矩阵general covariance matrix一般均衡general equilibrium一般线性假设general linear hypothesis一般线性统计模型general linear statistical model一般随机回归自变量模型general stochastic regressor model“一般到特殊”方法general to special method广义自回归算子generalized autoregressive operator广义最小二乘法generalized least squares广义最小二乘估计generalized least squares estimation 广义最小二乘估计式generalized least squares estimator 广义最小二乘方法generalized least squares procedure 广义最小二乘残差generalized least squares residual广义最小二乘规则generalized least squares rule几何滞后模型估计geometric lag model estimation总体极小值global minimum拟合优度goodness of fit格兰杰因果性Granger causality格兰杰因果性检验Granger causality test格兰杰非因果性Granger noncausality格兰杰定理Granger representation theorem增长率模型growth rate model豪斯曼设定检验Hausman specification test重（厚）尾heavy tail海赛矩阵Hessian matrix异方差误差heteroscedastic error异方差heteroscedasticity同一性homogeneity同方差误差homoscedastic error同方差homoscedasticity假设hypothesis假设检验hypothesis test同分布随机变量identically distributed random variable 识别identification识别规则identification rules单位矩阵identity matrix压缩矩阵，影响矩阵impact matrix影响乘数矩阵impact multiplier matrix非一致性inconsistency错误约束incorrect restriction独立同一分布independent and identical distribution (IID) 独立分布independent distribution独立事件independent event独立随机变量independent random variable独立随机回归自变量independent stochastic regressor独立变量independent variable间接最小二乘法indirect least squares不等式约束inequality restriction推断inference无限分布滞后infinite distributed lag无限累加算子infinite summation operator无限方差infinite variance有影响的观测值influential observation信息矩阵information matrix内积inner product新息过程innovation sequence投入产出关系input-output relationship工具变量instrumental variable工具变量估计instrumental variable estimation 单整integration截距intercept区间估计interval estimation区间预测interval forecast不变性invariance逆矩阵inverse matrix信息矩阵的逆inverse of information matrix可逆性invertibility可逆移动平均过程invertible moving-average process 投资investment迭代方法iterative procedure大折刀方法jackknife procedure雅可比变换Jacobian of the transformation联合置信区间joint confidence interval联合置信区域joint confidence region联合密度函数joint density function联合扰动向量joint disturbance vector联合假设检验joint hypothesis test联合区间估计joint interval estimation联合零（原）假设joint null hypothesis联合概率分布joint probability distribution联合被确定变量jointly determined variable恰好识别方程just identified equation核kernel凯恩斯消费函数Keynesian consumption function 凯恩斯模型Keynesian model克莱因－戈德伯格消费函数Klein-Goldberger consumption克莱因－鲁滨效用函数Klein-Rubin utility function柯依克变换Koyck transformation克罗内克尔积Kronecker product库恩－塔克条件Kuhn-Tucker condition峰度，峭度kurtosis滞后lag滞后长度lag length滞后算子lag operator滞后权数lag weight滞后变量lagged variable拉格朗日乘数Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日乘子检验Lagrange multiplier test拉普拉斯展开Laplace expansion大样本特性large sample properties全概率定律law of total probability前导模型leading indication model最小绝对离差least absolute deviation最小绝对误差估计式least absolute error estimator 最小平方偏倚least squares bias最小平方准则least squares criterion最小平方估计式least squares estimator最小平方法least squares procedure最小平方残差least squares residual最小平方规则least squares rule最小平方方差估计式least squares variance estimator左逆矩阵left-inverse matrix显著性水平level of significance杠杆率leverage似然函数likelihood function似然原理likelihood principle似然比原理likelihood ratio principle似然比统计量likelihood ratio statistic似然比检验likelihood ratio test线性代数linear algebra线性联系linear association线性相依linear dependency线性相依向量linear dependent vector线性等式约束linear equality restriction 线性方程linear equation线性方程系统linear equation system线性估计式linear estimator线性形式linear form线性参数linear in parameter线性无关向量linear independent vector线性不等式假设linear inequality hypothesis 线性不等式约束linear inequality restriction 线性损失函数linear loss function 线性算子linear operator线性概率模型linear probability model线性规划模型linear programming model线性约束linear restriction线性规则linear rule线性联立方程linear simultaneous equation 线性统计模型linear statistical model线性变换linear transformation线性无偏估计式linear unbiased estimator线性linearity局部极小值local minima罗基斯迪随机变量logistic random variable罗基特（Logit）模型logit model对数似然函数log-likelihood function对数线性函数log-linear function长期效应long-run effect损失loss损失函数loss function下三角矩阵lower triangular matrix矩（M）估计式M estimator移动平均模型MA model宏观经济学macroeconomics边缘分布marginal distribution边缘概率密度函数marginal probability density function 边际消费倾向marginal propensity to consume数理经济学mathematical economics数学期望mathematical expectation矩阵matrix矩阵分解matrix decomposition极大似然估计maximum likelihood estimation极大似然估计式maximum likelihood estimator极大似然法maximum likelihood method均值mean均方误差mean square error均方误差准则mean square error criterion均方误差矩阵mean square error matrix均值向量mean vector测量误差measurement error中位数median矩法method of moments极小极大准则minimax criterion使损失最小minimizing loss使风险最小minimizing risk最小绝对离差估计式minimum absolute deviation estimator 最小方差minimum variance最小方差无偏估计minimum variance unbiased estimation 错误设定misspecification混合估计mixed estimation众数mode模型model模型设定model specification模数module复数的模modulus of a complex number矩moment蒙特卡罗Monte Carlo蒙特卡罗数据Monte Carlo data蒙特卡罗试验Monte Carlo experiment蒙特卡罗模拟Monte Carlo simulation移动平均moving average移动平均（MA）模型moving average (MA) model移动平均过程moving average process移动平均表示法moving average representation移动平均季节过滤算子moving average seasonal filter多重共线性multicollinearity多项选择模型multinomial choice models多项分布multinomial distribution多元回归multiple regression多重解multiple solution多重时间序列分析multiple time-series analysis乘法multiplication乘子，乘数multiplier多元分布multivariate distribution多元函数multivariate function多元正态分布multivariate normal distribution多元正态随机变量multivariate normal random variable 多元随机变量multivariate random variable多元t 分布multivariate t distribution互斥集mutually exclusive set自然共轭先验概率密度函数natural conjugate prior probability density function半负定矩阵negative semidefinite matrix嵌套nest牛顿－拉夫森算法和方法Newton-Raphson algorithm and method非线性函数nonlinear function参数非线性nonlinear in the parameter非线性最小平方法nonlinear least squares非线性最小平方估计nonlinear least squares estimation非线性似然函数nonlinear likelihood function非线性极大似然估计nonlinear maximum likelihood estimation 非线性回归nonlinear regression非线性似不相关回归方程nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression equation非线性nonlinearity非负定矩阵nonnegative definite matrix非嵌套模型nonnested models非正态分布nonnormal distribution非正态误差nonnormal error非正定矩阵nonpositive definite matrix非纯量单位协方差矩阵nonscalar identity covariance matrix 非奇异矩阵nonsingular matrix非平稳nonstationary非平稳过程nonstationary process非随机变量nonstochatic variable正态分布normal distribution正态分布理论normal distribution theory正态误差的检验normal error testing正态线性统计模型normal linear statistical model正态概率密度函数的核normal probability density function 正态随机向量normal random vector正态变量normal variable正态向量normal vector标准化常数normalizing constant正态分布随机变量normally distribution random variable 多余参数nuisance parameter零（原）假设null hypothesis零矩阵null matrix空集，零集null set可观测随机变量observable random variable可观测随机向量observable random vector观测值样本observation sample观测上的等价模型observationally equivalent model阶order阶条件order condition普通最小二乘法ordinary least squares正交矩阵orthogonal matrix正交向量orthogonal vector正交orthogonality标准正交线性统计模型orthonormal linear statistical model 离群值outliers过度识别方程overidentified equation参数parameter参数估计parameter estimation参数方差parameter variance参数检验parametric test帕累托分布Pareto distribution局部调整分布滞后模型partial adjustment distributed lag model 偏（局部）调整模型partial adjustment model偏自相关partial autocorrelation偏自相关系数partial autocorrelation coefficient偏自相关函数partial autocorrelation function偏相关partial correlation偏相关图partial correlogram偏导数partial derivative局部均衡partial equilibrium分块逆规则partitioned inverse rule完全多重共线性perfect multicollinearity长期收入假设permanent income hypothesis分段线性回归piecewise linear regression分段回归函数piecewise regression function点估计量point estimate点估计point estimation点估计式point estimator点估计式性质point estimator properties多项式polynomial多项式滞后polynomial lag多项式矩阵polynomial matrix合并数据pooling data合并模型pooling model合并模型选择pooling model selection合并时间序列pooling time series合并时间序列数据pooling time series data总体population正定矩阵positive definite matrix正定对称矩阵positive definite symmetric matrix 半正定矩阵positive semidefinite matrix后验密度posterior density后验密度函数posterior density function后验分布posterior distribution后验信息posterior information后验均值posterior mean后验优势posterior odds后验优势比posterior odds ratio后验概率posterior probability后验概率密度函数posterior probability density function 后验概率区域posterior probability region假设过程postulation process功效函数power function检验功效power of a test前定变量predetermined variable预测误差prediction error随机分量的预测prediction of random components预测精度prediction precision主分量模型principal components model先验协方差矩阵prior covariance matrix先验分布prior distribution先验均值prior mean先验概率prior probability先验概率密度函数prior probability density function先验概率区域prior probability region概率probability概率密度probability density概率分布probability distribution离散随机变量的概率分布probability distribution for discrete random variable概率分布函数probability distribution function概率测度probability measure概率单位（probit）模型probit model积矩product moment积矩量矩阵product moment matrix积算子product operator生产函数production function生产过程production process比例响应模型proportional response model 伪样本数据pseudo sample data二次型quadratic form二次损失函数quadratic loss function二次矩阵quadratic matrix定量选择模型quantitative choice model 定量因素quantitative factors定量信息quantitative information随机系数模型random coefficient model随机分量预测random component prediction 随机误差random error随机试验random experiment随机变量random variable随机向量random vector随机向量分量random vector component随机游走random walk秩rank秩条件rank condition矩阵的秩rank of a matrix简化型reduced form简化型系数reduced form coefficient简化型扰动reduced form disturbance简化型方程reduced form equation简化型估计式reduced form estimator。
实验心理学期末考试复习内容
实验⼼理学期末考试复习内容实验⼼理学期末考试复习范围终极版⼀、名词解释（考试卷上只呈现英⽂，先翻译，后解释）1.额外变量(extraneous variable)：⼜叫控制变量，它是与实验⽬的⽆关，但⼜对被试的反应有⼀定影响的变量。
舒华108页2.量程效应(range effect)：主要是指天花板效应和地板效应，这两种效应是指反应指标的量程不够⼤,⽽造成反应停留在指标量表的最顶端和最底端，从⽽使指标的有效性遭到损失。
郭秀艳64页3.多因变量设计(multiple dependent variable design)：是指在⼀个实验中包含有两个或两个以上因变量的实验设计。
郭秀艳75页4.要求特征(demand characteristics):被试会⾃发的对主试的实验⽬的产⽣⼀个假设或猜想，然后再以⼀种⾃以为能满⾜这⼀假想的实验⽬的的⽅式进⾏反应。
郭秀艳66页5.被试间设计(between-subjects design)：指每个被试（组）只接受⼀个⾃变量⽔平的处理，对另⼀被试（组）进⾏另⼀种⾃变量⽔平处理的情况。
6.被试内设计(within-subjects design)：是指每⼀个被试都接受⾃变量的所有⽔平处理的情况。
郭秀艳76页8、随机化法(randomization method)：使被试随机地分派到各处理组中的技术。
它不仅能应⽤于被试，也能应⽤于刺激呈现和实验顺序的安排。
郭P69 张P789、ABBA(ABBA design)：适⽤于⾃变量⽔平只有2个的情况，按照ABBA顺序接受四次实验，A ⽔平两次B⽔平两次。
郭P79张P14010、拉丁⽅设计(Latin square design)：⾃变量⽔平2个以上时，⽤平衡的拉丁⽅设计。
⼀个平衡的拉丁⽅是⼀个两维矩阵，列表⽰⾃变量⽔平，⾏表⽰被试。
郭P80 舒华P14111、直线内插法(linear interpolation)：计算绝对阈限和差别阈限的⽅法之⼀。
李雅普诺夫稳定性自动化专业英语词汇表
.李雅普诺夫稳定性自动化专业英语词汇表公告记录成长的脚印,分享败绩、成功的智慧。
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) 日记总数： 47 品题数目： 42 访问次数： 15577 acceptance testing 验收测试 accumulated error积累误差 ac-dc-ac frequency converter 交-直-交变频器 ac(alternatingcurrent)electric drive交流电子传动 active attitude stabilization主动姿态稳定 actuator 驱动器,执行机构 adaline 线性适应元daptation layer适应层 adaptive telemeter system 适应遥测系统 adjoint operator 陪同算子 admissible error容许误差 aggregationmatrix结集矩阵ahp(analytic你好 erarchy process)条理分析法 amplifying element放大环节analog-digital conversion模数转换 ntenna pointing control接收天线指向控制anti-integral windup抗积分饱卷 aperiodic decomposition非周期分解 a posteriori estimate笱楣兰?approximate reasoning类似推理 a priori estimate 先验估计 articulated robot关节型机器人 assignment problem配置问题,分配问题 associative memory model遐想记忆模子 asymptotic stability渐进稳定性 attained pose drift现实位姿漂移 attitude acquisition姿态捕获aocs(attritude and orbit control system)姿态轨道控制系统 attitude angular velocity姿态角速度 attitude disturbance姿态扰动 attitude maneuver 姿态机动 augment ability可扩充性 augmented system增广系统 automatic manual station不用人力-手动操作器 autonomous system自治系统 backlash characteristics间隙特征 base coordinate system基座坐标系bayes classifier 贝叶斯分类器 bearing alignment 方位瞄准 bellows pressure gauge 波纹管压力表 benefit-cost analysis 收入成本分析 bilinear system 双线性系统 biocybernetics 生物控制论 biological feedback system 生物反馈系统black box testing approach 黑箱测试法 blind search 盲目搜索 block diagonalization 块对于角化 boltzman mac 你好 ne 玻耳兹曼机 bottom-up development 自下而上开辟 boundary value analysis 界限值分析 brainstorming method 头脑风暴法 breadth-first search 广度优先搜索 cae(computer aided engineering) 计较机匡助工程 cam(computer aided manufacturing) 计较机匡助创造 camflex valve 偏疼旋转阀 canonical state vari able 标准化状况变量capacitive displacementtransducer 电容式位移传感器 capsule pressure gauge 膜盒压力表 card 计较机匡助研究开辟 cartesian robot 直角坐标型机器人cascadecompensation 串联赔偿 catastrophe theory 突变论 chained aggregation 链式结集 characteristic locus 特征轨迹 chemical propulsion 化学推进classical information pattern 经典信息标准样式 clinical controlsystem 临床控制系统关上 d loop pole 闭环极点关上 d looptransfer function 闭环传递函数cluster analysis 聚类分析 coarse-finecontrol 粗- 精控制 cobweb model 蜘蛛网模子 coefficient matrix 凳?卣?cognitive science 认知科学 coherent system 枯燥关接洽统 combination decision 组合决定计划 combinatorial explosion 组合爆炸combined pressure and vacuum gauge 压力真空表 command pose 指令位姿companion matrix 相伴矩阵 compartmental model 房室模子 compatibility 相容性,兼容性 compensating network 赔偿采集 compensation 赔偿,矫正compliance 柔顺, 适应 composite control 组合控制 computable general equilibrium model 可计较普通均衡模子 conditionallyinstability 条件不稳定性connectionism 毗连机制 conservative system 守恒系统 constraint condition 约束条件 consumption function 消费函数 context-free grammar 上下文无关语法continuous discrete eventhybrid system simulation 连续离散事件混淆系统仿真continuous duty 连续事情制 control accuracy 控制精密度 control cabinet 控制柜controllability index 可控指数 controllable canonical form 可控标准型[control]plant 控制对于象,被控对于象 controlling instrument 控制仪表 control moment gyro 控制力矩捻捻转儿 control panel 控制屏,控制盘 control synchro 控制 [式]自整角机 control system synthesis 控制系统综合 control time horizon 控制时程 cooperativegame 互助对于策 coordinability condition 可协调条件coordinationstrategy 协调计谋 corner frequency 迁移转变频率 costate variable 蔡?淞?cost-effectiveness analysis 用度效益分析 coupling ofrbit and attitude 轨道以及姿态耦合 critical damping 临界阻尼 ritical stability 临界稳定性 cross-over frequency 穿越频率,交越频率 current source inverter 电流[源]型逆变器 cut-off frequency 截止频率 cyclic remote control 循环遥控 cylindrical robot 圆柱坐标型机器人 damped oscillation 阻尼振动 damping ratio 阻尼比 data acquisition 数值采集 data encryption 数值加密 data preprocessing 数值预处理 data processor 数值处理器 dc generator-motor set drive 直流发机电-电动机组传动 d controller 微分控制器 decentralizedstochastic control 分散 rand 控制 decision space 决定计划空间 decisionsupport system 决定计划支持系统 decomposition-aggregation approach 分解结集法 decoupling parameter 解耦参量 deductive-inductive hybrid modeling method 演绎与归纳混淆建模法 delayed telemetry 延时遥测derivation tree 导出树 derivative feedback 微分反馈 describingfunction 描写函数 desired value 希望值deterministic automaton 确定性不用人力机 deviation alarm 误差报警器 dfd 数值流图 diagnosticmodel 诊断模子 diagonally dominant matrix 对于角主导矩阵diaphragmpressure gauge 膜片压力表 difference equation model 差分方程模子differential dynamical system 微分动力学系统 differential game⒎侄圆differential pressure level meter 差压液位计 differentialpressure transmitter 差压变送器 differential transformer displacementtransducer 差动变压器式位移传感器 differentiation element 微分环节 digital filer 数码滤波器 digital signal processing 数码旌旗灯号处理 digitizer 数码化仪 dimension transducer 尺度传感器 direct coordination 直接协调 discrete event dynamic system 离散事件动态系统 discretesystem simulation language 离散系统仿真语言 discriminant function 判别函数 displacement vibration amplitude transducer 位移波幅传感器dissipative structure 耗扩散局 distributed parameter control system 漫衍参量控制系统 disturbance compensation 扰动赔偿 domain knowledge 范畴常识dominant pole 主导极点 dose-response model 剂量反映模子 dual modulation telemetering system 两重调制遥测系统 dualprinciple 对于偶原理 dual spin stabilization 双自旋稳定 duty ratio 负载比 dynamic braking 能耗制动 dynamic characteristics 动态特征 dynamic deviation 动态误差 dynamic error coefficient 动态误差系数 dynamic exactness 动它吻合性 dynamic input-outputmodel 动态投入产出模子 econometric model 计量经济模子 economiccybernetics 经济控制论 economic effectiveness 经济效益 economicvaluation 经济评价 economic index 经济指数 economic in dicator 经济指标 eddy current t 你好 ckness meter 电涡流厚度计 effectivenesstheory 效益意见 elasticity of demand 需求弹性 electric actuator 电动执行机构 electric conductancelevelmeter 电导液位计 electricdrive control gear 电动传动控制设备 electric hydraulic converter 电-液转换器 electric pneumatic converter 电-气转换器electrohydraulicservo vale 电液伺服阀 electromagnetic flow transducer 电磁流量传感器 electronic batc 你好 ng scale 电子配料秤 electronic belt conveyorscale 电子皮带秤 electronic hopper scale 电子料斗秤 emergencystop 异样住手empirical distribution 经验漫衍 endogenous variable 内发生变故量equilibrium growth 均衡增长 equilibrium point 平衡点 equivalence partitioning 等价类区分清晰 error-correction parsing 纠错剖析 estimation theory 估计意见 evaluation technique 评价技术 event chain 事件链evolutionary system 高级演化系统 exogenous variable 外发生变故量 expected characteristics 希望特征 failure diagnosis 妨碍诊断 fast mode 快变模态 feasibility study 可行性研究 feasiblecoordination 可行协调 feasible region 可行域 feature detection 特征检测 feature extraction 特征抽取 feedback compensation 反馈赔偿 feedforward path 前馈通路 field bus 现场总线 finite automaton 有限不用人力机 fip(factory information protocol) 工场信息以及谈 first order predicate logic 一阶谓词逻辑 fixed sequence manipulator 固定挨次机械手 fixed set point control 定值控制 fms(flexiblemanufacturing system) 柔性创造系统 flowsensor/transducer 流量传感器 flow transmitter 流量变送器 forced oscillation 强迫振动 formal language theory 情势语言意见 formal neuron 情势神经元forward path 正向通路 forward reasoning 正向推理 fractal 分形体,分维体frequency converter 变频器 frequency domain modelreduction method 频域模子降阶法 frequency response 频域相应 full order observer 全阶测候器 functional decomposition 功效分解 fes(functional electricalstimulation)功效电刺激 functionalsimularity 功效相仿 fuzzy logic 含糊逻辑 game tree 对于策树 general equilibrium theory 普通均衡意见 generalized least squaresestimation 意义广泛最小二乘估计 generation function 天生函数geomagnetictorque 地磁性矩 geometric similarity 几何相仿 gimbaled wheel 蚣苈global asymptotic stability 全局渐进稳定性 global optimum 全局最优 globe valve 球形阀 goal coordination method 目标协调法 grammatical inference 文法判断 grap 你好 c search 图搜索 gravitygradient torque 重力梯度力矩 group technology 成组技术 guidancesystem 制导系统 gyro drift rate 捻捻转儿漂移率 hall displacementtransducer 霍尔式位移传感器 hardware-in-the-loop simulation 半实物仿真 harmonious deviation 以及谐误差 harmonious strategy 以及谐计谋 heuristic inference 开导式推理你好 dden oscillation 隐蔽振动你好 erarc 你好 calchart 条理布局图你好 erarc 你好 cal planning 递阶规划你好 erarc你好 calontrol 递阶控制 homomorp 你好 c model 同态系统 horizontal decomposition 横向分解 hormonal control 内排泄控制 hydraulic step motor 液压步进马达 hypercycle theory 超循环意见 i controller 积分控制器 identifiability 可辨识性 idss(intelligent decision support system)智能决定计划支持系统 image recognition 图象辨认 impulse function 冲击函数,电子脉冲函数 incompatibility principle 不相容原理 incrementalmotion control 增量运动控制 index of merit 品质因数 inductiveforce transducer 电感式位移传感器 inductive modeling method 归纳建模法 industrial automation 工业不用人力化 inertial attitude sensor 惯性姿态敏锐器 inertial coordinate system 惯性坐标系 inertialwh eel 惯性轮 inference engine 推理机 infinite dimensional system 无限维系统information acquisition 信息采集 infrared gasanalyzer 红外线气体分析器 inherent nonlinearity 本来就有非线性 inherent regulation 本来就有调节 initial deviation 初始误差 injection attitude 入轨姿式input-output model 投入产出模子 instability 不稳定性 instructionlevel language 指令级语言 integral of absolute value of errorcriterion 绝对于误差积分准则integral of squared error criterion 平方误差积分准则 integral performance criterion 积分性能准则 integration instrument 积算摄谱仪 intelligent terminal 智能终端 interactedsystem 互接洽统,关接洽统 interactive prediction approach 互联预估法,关联预估法 intermittent duty 断续事情制ism(interpretivestructure modeling) 诠释布局建模法 invariant embedding principle 不变镶嵌原理 inventory theory 库伦论 inverse nyquist diagram 逆奈奎斯特图 investment decision 投资决定计划 isomorp 你好 c model 同构模子iterative coordination 迭代协调 jet propulsion 喷气推进 job-lot control 分批控制kalman-bucy filer 卡尔曼-布西滤波器 knowledgeaccomodation 常识适应knowledge acquisition 常识获取 knowledgessimilation 常识夹杂kbms(knowledge base management system) 常识库管理系统 knowledge representation 常识抒发 lad der diagram 菪瓮?lag-lead compensation 滞后超前赔偿 lagrange duality 拉格朗日对于偶性 laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换 large scale system 大系统 lateral in 你好 bition network 侧抑制采集 least cost input 最小成本投入 least squares criterion 最小二乘准则 level switch 物位开关 libration damping 天平动阻尼 limit cycle 极限环 linearizationtechnique 线性化要领 linear motion electric drive 直线运动电气传动 linear motion valve 直行程阀 linear programming 线性规划 lqr(linear quadratic regulator problem) 线性二次调节器问题 oad cell 称重传感器 local asymptotic stability 局部渐近稳定性 local optimum 局部最优 log magnitude-phase diagram 对于数幅相图long term memory 长期记忆 lumped parameter model 集总参量模子 lyapunov theorem of asymptotic stability 李雅普诺夫渐近稳定性定理 macro-economic system 宏观经济系统 magnetic dumping 磁卸载 magnetoelastic weig 你好ng cell 磁致弹性称重传感器 magnitude- frequencycharacteristic 幅频特征magnitude margin 幅值裕度 magnitudecale factor 幅值缩尺 man-mac 你好ne coordination 人机协调 manualstation 手动操作器 map(manufacturing automation protocol) 创造不用人力化以及谈 marginal effectiveness 边岸效益mason's gain formula 梅森增益公式 matc 你好 ng criterion 匹配准则 maximum likelihood estimation 最大似然估计 maximum ove rshoot 最大超调量maximum principle 极大值原理 mean-square error criterion 均方误差准则mechanismmodel 机理模子 meta-knowledge 元常识 metallurgical automation 冶金不用人力化 minimal realization 最小使成为事实 minimum phase system 最小相位系统 minimum variance estimation 最小方差估计 minor loop 副回路missile-target relative movement simulator 弹体- 目标相对于运动仿真器 modal aggregation 模态结集 modal transformation 模态变换 mb(model base)模子库model confidence 模子置信度 model fidelity 模子传神度 model reference adaptive control system 模子参考适应控制系统 model verification 模子证验mec(mostconomic control)最经济控制 motion space 可动空间 mtbf(mean time between failures) 均等妨碍距离时间 mttf(mean timeto failures)均等无妨碍时间 multi-attributive utility function 嗍粜孕в 煤??multicriteria 多重判据 multilevel 你好 erarc 你好 cal structure 多级递阶布局 multiloop control 多回路控制 multi- objective decision 多目标决定计划 multistate logic 多态逻辑multistratum 你好 erarc 你好 calcontrol 多段递阶控制 multivariable control system 多变量控制系统 myoelectric control 肌电控制 nash optimality 纳什最优性 naturallanguage generation 自然语言天生 nearest- neighbor 这段邻necessitymeasure 肯定是性侧度 negative feedback 负反馈 neural assembly 神经集合 neural network computer 神经采集计较机 nichols chart 尼科尔斯图noetic science 思维科学 noncoherent system 非枯燥关接洽统 noncooperative game 非互助博弈 nonequilibrium state 非平衡态 nonlinear element 非线性环节nonmonotonic logic 非枯燥逻辑 nonparametric training 非参量训练nonreversible electric drive 不成逆电气传动 nonsingular perturbation 非奇妙摄动 non-stationaryrandom process 非平稳 rand 历程 nuclear radiation levelmeter 核辐射物位计 nutation sensor 章动敏锐器 nyquist stability criterion 奈奎斯特稳定判据 objective function 目标函数 observability index 可测候指数observable canonical form 可测候标准型 on-line assistance 在线帮忙 on- off control 通断控制 open loop pole 开环极点 operational research model 运筹学模子 optic fiber tachometer 光纤式转速表 opt imal trajectory 最优轨迹optimization technique 最优化技术 orbital rendezvous 轨道交会 orbit gyrocompass 轨道捻捻转儿罗经 orbit perturbation 轨道摄动 order parameter 序参量 orientationcontrol 定向控制 oscillating period 振动周期 output predictionmethod 输出预估法 oval wheel flowmeter 椭圆齿轮流量计overalldesign 总体设计 overlapping decomposition 交叠分解 pade approximation 帕德类似 pareto optimality 帕雷托最优性 passive attitude stabilization 不主动姿态稳定 path repeatability 路径可重复性 pattern primitive 标准样式基元 pr(pattern recognition)标准样式辨认 p control 比例控制器 peak time 峰值时间penalty function method 罚函数法 periodic duty 周期事情制 perturbation theory 摄动意见 pessimisticvalue 悲观值 phase locus 相轨迹 phase trajectory 相轨迹hase lead 相位超前 photoelectric tachometric transducer 光电式转速传感器phrase-structure grammar 短句布局文法 physical symbol system 物理符号系统 piezoelectric force transducer 压电式力传感器 playbackrobot 示教再现式机器人 plc(programmable logic controller)可编步伐逻辑控制器 plug braking 反接制动 plug valve 旋塞阀 pneumaticactuator 气动执行机构 point-to-point control 点位控制 polar robot 极坐标型机器人 pole assignment 极点配置 pole-zero cancellation 零极点相消 polynom ial input 多项式输入 portfolio theory 投资配搭意见 pose overshoot 位姿过调量 position measuring instrument 位置丈量仪posentiometric displacement transducer 电位器式位移传感器 positive feedback 正反馈 power system automation 电力系统不用人力化 predicate logic 谓词逻辑pressure gauge with electric contact 电接点压力表 pressure transmitter 压力变送器 price coordination 价格协调 primal coordination 主协调 primary frequency zone 主频区 pca(principal component analysis)主成份分析法principlef turnpike 通途原理 process- oriented simulation 面向历程的仿真production budget 生产预算 production rule 孕育发生式法则 profitforecast 利润预测 pert(program evaluation and review technique) 计划评审技术program set station 步伐设定操作器 proportionalcontrol 比例控制 proportional plus derivative controller 比例微分控制器 protocol engineering 以及谈工程pseudo random sequence 伪 rand 序列 pseudo-rate-increment control 伪速度增量控制 pulse duration 电子脉冲持续时间 pulse frequency modulation control system 电子脉冲调频控制系统 pulse width modulation controlsystem 电子脉冲调宽控制系统 pwm inverter 脉宽调制逆变器 pushdown automaton 下推不用人力机 qc(quality control)质量管理 quadratic performance index 二次型性能指标 quali tative physical model 定性物理模子quantized noise 量化噪声 quasilinear characteristics 准线性特征 queuing theory 列队论 radio frequency sensor 射频敏锐器 ramp function 斜坡函数 random disturbance rand 扰动 random process rand 历程 rateintegrating gyro 速度积分捻捻转儿 ratio station 比率操作器 reactionwheel control 反效用轮控制realizability 可以使成为事实性,能使成为事实性 eal time telemetry 实时遥测receptive field 感受野 rectangularrobot 直角坐标型机器人 recursive estimation 递推估计 reducedorder observer 降阶测候器 redundant information 冗余信息 reentrycontrol 再入控制 regenerative braking 回馈制动,再生制动 regionalplanning model 地区范围规划模子 regulating device 调节装载 relationalalgebra 关系代数 relay characteristic 继电器特征 remote manipulator 遥控操作器 remote set point adjuster 远程设定点调整器 rendezvo 目前世界上最强大的国家 nd docking 交会以及对于接 resistance thermometer sensor 热电阻 esolution principle 归结原理 resource allocation 资源分配responsecurve 相应曲线 return difference matrix 回差矩阵 return ratiomatrix 回比矩阵 reversible electric drive 可逆电气传动 revoluterobot 关节型机器人revolution speed transducer 转速传感器 rewritingrule 重写法则 rigid spacecraft dynamics 刚性航天动力学 riskdecision 危害分析 robotics 机器人学 robot programming language 机器人编程语言 robust control 鲁棒控制 roll gap measuring instrument 辊缝丈量仪 root locus 根轨迹 roots flowmeter 腰轮流量计otameter 浮子流量计,转子流量计 rotary eccentric plug valve 偏疼旋转阀 rotary motionvalve 角行程阀 rotating transformer 旋转变压器 routh approximation method 劳思类似判据 routing problem 肪段侍?sampled-data control system 采样控制系统 sampling controlsystem 采样控制系统 saturation characteristics 饱以及特征 scalarlyapunov function 标量李雅普诺夫函数 scara(selective complianceassembly robot arm) 最简单的面关节型机器人 scenario analysis method 情景分析法 scene analysis 物景分析 self- operated controller 自力式控制器 self-organizing system 自组织系统 self-reproducing system 自繁殖系统self-tuning control 自校正控制 semantic network 语义采集 semi-physical simulation 半实物仿真 sensing element 敏锐元件 sensitivity analysis 活络度分析sensory control 觉得控制 sequentialdecomposition 挨次分解 sequential least squares estimation 序贯最小二乘估计 servo control 伺服控制,随动控制servomotor 伺服马达 settling time 过渡时间 short term planning 短期计划shorttime horizon coordination 短时程协调 signal detection and estimation 旌旗灯号检测以及估计 signal reconstruction 旌旗灯号重构 simulated interrupt 仿真中断 simulation block diagram 仿真框图 simulation experiment 仿真实验simulation velocity 仿真速度 single axle table 单轴转台 single degree of freedom gyro 单自由度捻捻转儿 single levelprocess 单级历程 single value nonlinearity 单值非线性 singularattractor 奇妙吸引子 singular perturbation 奇妙摄动 slave dsystem 受役系统 slower-than-real-time simulation 欠实时仿真slow subsystem 慢变子系统 socio-cybernetics 社会形态控制论 socioeconomic system 社会形态经济系统软体 psychology 软件生理学 solar array pointing control 日头帆板指向控制 solenoid valve 电磁阀 speed control system 魉傧低spin axis 自旋轴 stability criterion 稳定性判据 stabilitylimit 稳定极限 stabilization 镇定,稳定 stackelberg decision theory 施塔克尔贝格决定计划意见 state equation model 状况方程模子 state space description 状况空间描写 static characteristics curve 静态特征曲线 station accuracy 定点精密度stationary random process 平稳 rand 历程 statistical analysis 统计分析 statistic pattern recognition 统计标准样式辨认 steady state deviation 稳态误差steadystate error coefficient 稳态误差系数 step-by-step control 步进控制step function 阶跃函数 stepwise refinement 慢慢精化 stochasticfinite automaton rand 有限不用人力机 strain gauge load cell 应变式称重传感器 strategic function 计谋函数 strongly coupled system 狂詈舷低?subjective probability 主观频率 supervised training 喽窖??supervisory computer control system 计较机监控系统 sustainedoscillation 矜持振动 swirlmeter 旋进流量计 switc 你好 ng point 切换点 symbolic processing 符号处理 synaptic plasticity 突触可塑性syntactic analysis 句法分析 system assessment 系统评价 systemhomomorp 你好sm 系统同态 system isomorp 你好 sm 系统同构 system engineering 系统工程target flow transmitter 靶式流量变送器 task cycle 功课周期 teac 你好 ng programming 示教编程 telemetering system ofrequency division type 频分遥测系统 teleological system 目的系统 temperature transducer 温度传感器template base 模版库 theoremproving 定理证实 therapy model 治疗模子 t 你好ckness meter 厚度计 three-axis attitude stabilization 三轴姿态稳定 three state controller 三位控制器 thrust vector control system 推力矢量控制系统 time constant 时间常数 time-invariant system 定常系统,非时变系统 time schedule controller 时序控制器 time-sharing control 分时控制 time-varying parameter 时变参量 top-down testing 自上而下测试topological structure 拓扑布局 tqc(total quality control)全面质量管理 tracking error 跟踪误差 trade-off analysis 权衡分析 transfer function matrix 传递函数矩阵transformation grammar 转换文法 transient deviation 瞬态误差 transient process 过渡历程 transition diagram 转移图 transmissible pressure gauge 电远传压力表 trend analysis 趋向分析 triple modulation telemetering system 三重调制遥测系统 turbine flowmeter 涡轮流量计 turing mac 你好 ne 剂榛?two-time scale system 双时标系统 ultrasonic levelmeter??镂患?unadjustable speed electric drive 非调速电气传动 unbiasedestimation 无偏估计 uniformly asymptotic stability 一致渐近稳定性 uninterrupted duty 不间断事情制,长期事情制 unit circle 单位圆 unit testing 单位测试 unsupervised learing 非监视进修upperlevel problem 较高等级问题 urban planning 城市规划 utility function 效用函数 value engineering 价值工程 variable gain 可变增益,可变放大系数 variable structure control system 变布局控制 vectorlyapunov function 向量李雅普诺夫函数 velocity error coefficient 速度误差系数 velocity transducer 速度传感器vertical decomposition 纵向分解 vibrating wire force transducer 振弦式力传感器 viscousdamping 粘性阻尼 voltage source inverter 电压源型逆变器vortexprecession flowmeter 旋进流量计 vortex shedding flowmeter 涡街流量计 wb(way base) 要领库 weig 你好 ng cell 称重传感器 weightingfactor 权因数weighting method 加权法 w 你好 ttaker-shannon samplingtheorem 惠特克-喷鼻农采样定理 wiener filtering 维纳滤波 work stationfor computer aided design 计较机匡助设计事情站 w-plane w 最简单的面 zero-based budget 零基预算 zero-input response 零输入相应 zero-stateresponse 零状况相应 zero sum game model 零以及对于策模子2022 年 07 月 31 日历史上的今天：ipad2 怎么贴膜好吧,我还是入了 iPad2 2022-06-26 斗破苍穹快眼看书 2斗破苍穹 22 下载 20 11-06-26特殊声明：1：资料来源于互联网，版权归属原作者2：资料内容属于网络意见，与本账号立场无关3 ：如有侵权，请告知，即将删除。
量化研究英语用词
量化研究英语用词
Variable: 变量
变量是研究中的基本元素，可以是一个数字、一个文字或一个符号。
在量化研究中，变量通常被用来表示研究对象的不同特征或属性。
Measurement: 测量
测量是对研究对象进行量化的过程。
通过测量，我们可以将变量的具体值表示出来。
在量化研究中，测量是获取数据的重要手段。
Sample: 样本
样本是从总体中选取的一部分研究对象。
通过样本的研究，我们可以推断出总体的特征和规律。
在量化研究中，样本的选择和研究方法对研究结果的影响至关重要。
Population: 总体
总体是研究对象的全体。
总体包含了所有的研究对象，而样本是从总体中选取的一部分。
在量化研究中，对总体的研究可以提供更全面的信息，但通常需要更多的时间和资源。
Dependent Variable: 因变量
因变量是研究中受其他变量影响的变量。
因变量的变化趋势可以反映出自变量的影响效果。
在量化研究中，因变量的选择和研究方法对研究结果的影响至关重要。
Independent Variable: 自变量
自变量是研究中能够影响其他变量的变量。
自变量的变化可以引起因变量的变化。
在量化研究中，自变量的选择和研究方法对研究结果的影响至关重要。
Control Variable: 控制变量
控制变量是在研究中需要控制或考虑的变量。
控制变量的影响可以被排除或控制，以便更好地研究自变量和因变量之间的关系。
在量化研究中，控制变量的选择和研究方法对研究结果的影响至关重要。
概率论与数理统计中英词汇对照
源：/Article/Class3/Cla ss13/200601/1355.html作者：chaoneng概率论与数理统计词汇英汉对照表Aabsolute value 绝对值accept 接受acceptable region 接受域additivity 可加性adjusted 调整的alternative hypothesis 对立假设analysis 分析analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析arithmetic mean 算术平均值association 相关性assumption 假设assumption checking 假设检验availability 有效度average 均值Bbalanced 平衡的band 带宽bar chart 条形图beta-distribution 贝塔分布between groups 组间的bias 偏倚binomial distribution 二项分布binomial test 二项检验Ccalculate 计算case 个案category 类别center of gravity 重心central tendency 中心趋势chi-square distribution 卡方分布chi-square test 卡方检验classify 分类cluster analysis 聚类分析coefficient 系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数collinearity 共线性column 列compare 比较comparison 对照components 构成，分量compound 复合的confidence interval 置信区间consistency 一致性constant 常数continuous variable 连续变量control charts 控制图correlation 相关covariance 协方差covariance matrix 协方差矩阵critical point 临界点critical value 临界值crosstab 列联表cubic 三次的，立方的cubic term 三次项cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数curve estimation 曲线估计Ddata 数据default 默认的definition 定义deleted residual 剔除残差density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量description 描述design of experiment 试验设计deviations 差异df.(degree of freedom) 自由度diagnostic 诊断dimension 维discrete variable 离散变量discriminant function 判别函数discriminatory analysis 判别分析distance 距离distribution 分布D-optimal design D-优化设计Eeaqual 相等effects of interaction 交互效应[Last edit by happyjyl]efficiency 有效性eigenvalue 特征值equal size 等含量equation 方程error 误差estimate 估计estimation of parameters 参数估计estimations 估计量evaluate 衡量exact value 精确值expectation 期望expected value 期望值exponential 指数的exponential distributon 指数分布extreme value 极值Ffactor 因素，因子factor analysis 因子分析factor score 因子得分factorial designs 析因设计factorial experiment 析因试验fit 拟合fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值fixed model 固定模型fixed variable 固定变量fractional factorial design 部分析因设计frequency 频数F-test F检验full factorial design 完全析因设计function 函数Ggamma distribution 伽玛分布geometric mean 几何均值group 组Hharmomic mean 调和均值heterogeneity 不齐性histogram 直方图homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance 方差齐性hypothesis 假设hypothesis test 假设检验Iindependence 独立independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本index 指数index of correlation 相关指数interaction 交互作用interclass correlation 组内相关interval estimate 区间估计intraclass correlation 组间相关inverse 倒数的iterate 迭代Kkernal 核Kolmogorov-Smirnov test柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis 峰度Llarge sample problem 大样本问题layer 层least-significant difference 最小显著差数least-square estimation 最小二乘估计least-square method 最小二乘法level 水平level of significance 显著性水平leverage value 中心化杠杆值life 寿命life test 寿命试验likelihood function 似然函数likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear 线性的linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型linear regression 线性回归linear relation 线性关系linear term 线性项logarithmic 对数的logarithms 对数logistic 逻辑的lost function 损失函数Mmain effect 主效应matrix 矩阵maximum 最大值maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计mean squared deviation(MSD) 均方差mean sum of square 均方和measure 衡量media 中位数M-estimator M估计minimum 最小值missing values 缺失值mixed model 混合模型mode 众数model 模型Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法moving average 移动平均值multicollinearity 多元共线性multiple comparison 多重比较multiple correlation 多重相关multiple correlation coefficient 复相关系数multiple correlation coefficient 多元相关系数multiple regression analysis 多元回归分析multiple regression equation 多元回归方程multiple response 多响应multivariate analysis 多元分析Nnegative relationship 负相关nonadditively 不可加性nonlinear 非线性nonlinear regression 非线性回归noparametric tests 非参数检验normal distribution 正态分布null hypothesis 零假设number of cases 个案数Oone-sample 单样本one-tailed test 单侧检验one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析one-way classification 单向分类optimal 优化的optimum allocation 最优配制order 排序order statistics 次序统计量origin 原点orthogonal 正交的outliers 异常值Ppaired observations 成对观测数据paired-sample 成对样本parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数percent 百分数percentiles 百分位数pie chart 饼图point estimate 点估计poisson distribution 泊松分布polynomial curve 多项式曲线polynomial regression 多项式回归polynomials 多项式positive relationship 正相关power 幂P-P plot P-P概率图predict 预测predicted value 预测值prediction intervals 预测区间principal component analysis 主成分分析proability 概率probability density function 概率密度函数probit analysis 概率分析proportion 比例Qqadratic 二次的Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图quadratic term 二次项quality control 质量控制quantitative 数量的，度量的quartiles 四分位数Rrandom 随机的random number 随机数random number 随机数random sampling 随机取样random seed 随机数种子random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化range 极差rank 秩rank correlation 秩相关rank statistic 秩统计量regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression line 回归线reject 拒绝rejection region 拒绝域relationship 关系reliability 可靠性repeated 重复的report 报告，报表residual 残差residual sum of squares 剩余平方和response 响应risk function 风险函数robustness 稳健性root mean square 标准差row 行run 游程run test 游程检验Ssample 样本sample size 样本容量sample space 样本空间sampling 取样sampling inspection 抽样检验scatter chart 散点图S-curve S形曲线separately 单独地sets 集合sign test 符号检验significance 显著性significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验significant 显著的，有效的significant digits 有效数字skewed distribution 偏态分布skewness 偏度small sample problem 小样本问题smooth 平滑sort 排序soruces of variation 方差来源space 空间spread 扩展square 平方standard deviation 标准离差standard error of mean 均值的标准误差standardization 标准化standardize 标准化statistic 统计量statistical quality control 统计质量控制std. residual 标准残差stepwise regression analysis 逐步回归stimulus 刺激strong assumption 强假设stud. deleted residual 学生化剔除残差stud. residual 学生化残差subsamples 次级样本sufficient statistic 充分统计量sum 和sum of squares 平方和summary 概括，综述Ttable 表t-distribution t分布test 检验test criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验test of goodness of fit 拟合优度检验test of homogeneity 齐性检验test of independence 独立性检验test rules 检验法则test statistics 检验统计量testing function 检验函数time series 时间序列tolerance limits 容许限total 总共，和transformation 转换treatment 处理trimmed mean 截尾均值true value 真值t-test t检验two-tailed test 双侧检验Uunbalanced 不平衡的unbiased estimation 无偏估计unbiasedness 无偏性uniform distribution 均匀分布Vvalue of estimator 估计值variable 变量variance 方差variance components 方差分量variance ratio 方差比various 不同的vector 向量Wweight 加权，权重weighted average 加权平均值within groups 组内的ZZ score Z分数最优化方法词汇英汉对照表Aactive constraint 活动约束active set method 活动集法analytic gradient 解析梯度approximate 近似arbitrary 强制性的argument 变量attainment factor 达到因子Bbandwidth 带宽be equivalent to 等价于best-fit 最佳拟合bound 边界Ccoefficient 系数complex-value 复数值component 分量constant 常数constrained 有约束的constraint 约束constraint function 约束函数continuous 连续的converge 收敛cubic polynomial interpolation method 三次多项式插值法curve-fitting 曲线拟合Ddata-fitting 数据拟合default 默认的，默认的define 定义diagonal 对角的direct search method 直接搜索法direction of search 搜索方向discontinuous 不连续Eeigenvalue 特征值empty matrix 空矩阵equality 等式exceeded 溢出的Ffeasible 可行的feasible solution 可行解finite-difference 有限差分first-order 一阶GGauss-Newton method 高斯-牛顿法goal attainment problem 目标达到问题gradient 梯度gradient method 梯度法Hhandle 句柄Hessian matrix 海色矩阵Iindependent variables 独立变量inequality 不等式infeasibility 不可行性infeasible 不可行的initial feasible solution 初始可行解initialize 初始化inverse 逆invoke 激活iteration 迭代iteration 迭代JJacobian 雅可比矩阵LLagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子large-scale 大型的least square 最小二乘least squares sense 最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardt method列文伯格-马夸尔特法line search 一维搜索linear 线性的linear equality constraints 线性等式约束linear programming problem 线性规划问题local solution 局部解Mmedium-scale 中型的minimize 最小化mixed quadratic and cubic polynomial interp olation and extrapolation method混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法multiobjective 多目标的Nnonlinear 非线性的norm 范数Oobjective function 目标函数observed data 测量数据optimization routine 优化过程optimize 优化optimizer 求解器over-determined system 超定系统Pparameter 参数partial derivatives 偏导数polynomial interpolation method多项式插值法Qquadratic 二次的quadratic interpolation method 二次内插法quadratic programming 二次规划Rreal-value 实数值residuals 残差robust 稳健的robustness 稳健性，鲁棒性Sscalar 标量semi-infinitely problem 半无限问题Sequential Quadratic Programming method 序列二次规划法simplex search method 单纯形法solution 解sparse matrix 稀疏矩阵sparsity pattern 稀疏模式sparsity structure 稀疏结构starting point 初始点step length 步长subspace trust region method 子空间置信域法sum-of-squares 平方和symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttermination message 终止信息termination tolerance 终止容限the exit condition 退出条件the method of steepest descent 最速下降法transpose 转置Uunconstrained 无约束的under-determined system 负定系统Vvariable 变量vector 矢量Wweighting matrix 加权矩阵样条词汇英汉对照表Aapproximation 逼近array 数组a spline in b-form/b-spline b样条a spline of polynomial piece /ppform spline 分段多项式样条Bbivariate spline function 二元样条函数break/breaks 断点Ccoefficient/coefficients 系数cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次内插cubic polynomial 三次多项式cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑样条cubic spline 三次样条cubic spline interpolation三次样条插值/三次样条内插curve 曲线Ddegree of freedom 自由度dimension 维数Eend conditions 约束条件Iinput argument 输入参数interpolation 插值/内插interval 取值区间Kknot/knots 节点Lleast-squares approximation 最小二乘拟合Mmultiplicity 重次multivariate function 多元函数Ooptional argument 可选参数order 阶次output argument 输出参数Ppoint/points 数据点Rrational spline 有理样条rounding error 舍入误差（相对误差）Sscalar 标量sequence 数列（数组）spline 样条spline approximation 样条逼近/样条拟合spline function 样条函数spline curve 样条曲线spline interpolation 样条插值/样条内插spline surface 样条曲面smoothing spline 平滑样条Ttolerance 允许精度Uunivariate function 一元函数Vvector 向量Wweight/weights 权重4 偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表Aabsolute error 绝对误差absolute tolerance 绝对容限adaptive mesh 适应性网格Bboundary condition 边界条件Ccontour plot 等值线图converge 收敛coordinate 坐标系Ddecomposed 分解的decomposed geometry matrix 分解几何矩阵diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dirichlet boundary conditionsDirichlet边界条件Eeigenvalue 特征值elliptic 椭圆形的error estimate 误差估计exact solution 精确解Ggeneralized Neumann boundary condition 推广的Neumann边界条件geometry 几何形状geometry description matrix 几何描述矩阵geometry matrix 几何矩阵graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Hhyperbolic 双曲线的Iinitial mesh 初始网格Jjiggle 微调LLagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程linear interpolation 线性插值loop 循环Mmachine precision 机器精度mixed boundary condition 混合边界条件NNeuman boundary condition Neuman边界条件node point 节点nonlinear solver 非线性求解器normal vector 法向量PParabolic 抛物线型的partial differential equation 偏微分方程plane strain 平面应变plane stress 平面应力Poisson's equation 泊松方程polygon 多边形positive definite 正定Qquality 质量Rrefined triangular mesh 加密的三角形网格relative tolerance 相对容限relative tolerance 相对容限residual 残差residual norm 残差范数Ssingular 奇异的。
自动控制原理专业英语词汇
自动原理控制专业英语词汇线性反馈系统的稳定性辅助多项式：Auxiliary polynomial相对稳定性：Relative stabilityRouth-Hurwitz判据：Routh-Hurwitz criterion稳定性：Stability稳定系统：Stable system根轨迹法出射角：Angle of departure渐近线：Asymptote渐近中心：Asymptote centroid分离点：Breakaway point轨迹：Locus根轨迹的条数：Number of separate loci参数设计：Parameter design根轨迹：Root locus根轨迹法：Root locus method实轴上的根轨迹段：Root locus segments on the real axis根灵敏度：Root sensitivity频率响应方法带宽：BandwidthBode 图：Bode plot截止频率：Break frequency转折频率：Corner frequency分贝(db)：Decibel (DB)Fourier变换：Fourier transform频率响应：Frequency response对数幅值：Logarithmic magnitude对数坐标图：Logarithmic plot频率响应的最大值：Maximum value of the frequency最小相位：Minimum phase固有频率：Natural frequency非最小相位：Nonminimum phase极坐标图：Polar plot谐振频率：Resonant frequency频率特性函数：Transfer function in the frequency domain频域稳定性Cauchy定理：Cauchy thorem闭环频率响应：Closed-loop frequency response保角映射：Conformal mapping围线映射：Conrour map增益裕度：Gain marginNichols图：Nichols chartNyquist 稳定性判据：Nyquist stability criterion相角裕度：Phase margin幅角原理：Principle of the argument时延：Time delay反馈控制系统设计串联校正网络：Cascade compensation network校正：Compensation数字控制系统幅值量化误差：Amplitude quantization error数字计算机校正网络：Digital computer compensator数字控制系统：Digital control system采样数据：Sampled data数据采样系统：Sampled-data system式样周期：Sampling period数据采样系统的稳定性：Stability of a sampled-data system z平面：z-planez变换：z-transforma. c .balance indicator,交流平衡指示器a. c. bridge,交流电桥a. c. current calibrator,交流电流校准器a. c. current distortion,交流电流失真a. c. induced polarization instrument,交流激电仪a. c. potentiometer,交流电位差计a. c. resistance box,交流电阻箱a. c. standard resistor,交流标准电阻器a. c. voltage distortion,交流电压校准器a. c. voltage distortion,交流电压失真Abbe comparator,阿贝比长仪aberration,象差ability of anti prereduced component,抗先还原物质能力ablative thickness transducer [sensor],烧蚀厚度传感器abrasion testing machine,磨损试验机absolute calibration,绝对法校准absolute coil,独立线圈absolute error,绝对误差(absolute)error of measurement,测量的（绝对）误差absolute gravimeter,绝对重力仪absolute gravity survey,绝对重力测量absolute humidity,绝对湿度absolute method,绝对法absolute moisture of the soil,土壤（绝对）湿度absolute pressure,绝对压力absolute(pressure transducer,绝对压力表absolute pressure transducer[sensor],绝对压力传感器absolute read-out,单独读出absolute resolution,绝对分辨率absolute salinity,绝对盐度absolute stability,绝对稳定性absolute stability of a linear system,线性系统的绝对稳定性absolute static pressure of the fluid,流体绝对静压absolute temperature scale,绝对温标absorbance,吸光度absorbed current image,吸收电流象absorptance,吸收比absorptiometer,吸收光度计absorption cell,吸收池absorption coefficient,吸收系数absorption correction,吸收修正absorption edges,吸收边absorption factor,吸收系数absorption hygrometer,吸收温度表absorption spectrum,吸收光谱absorption X-ray spectrometry,吸收X射线谱法absorptivity,吸收率absorptivity of an absorbing,吸引材料的吸收率abstract system,抽象系统abundance sensityivity,丰度灵敏度AC-ACLVDT displacement transducer,交流差动变压器式位移传感器accelerated test,加速试验accelerating voltage,加速电压acceleration,加速度acceleration error coefficient,加速度误差系数acceleration of gravity,重力加速度acceleration simulator,加速度仿真器acceleration transducer[sensor],加速度传感器accelerometer,加速度计acceptance of the mass filter,滤质器的接收容限acceptance test,验[交]收检验access,存取 access time,存取时间accessibility,可及性accessories of testing machine,试验机附件accessory(for a measuring instrument),（测量仪表的）附件accessory hardware,附属硬件accessory of limited interchangeability,有限互换附件accumulated error,积累误差accumulated time difference,累积时差accumulative raingauge,累积雨量器accumulator,累加器accuracy,精[准]确度accuracy class,精[准]确度等级accuracy limit factor(of a protective current transformer）, （保护用电流互感器的）精确度极限因数accuracy of measurement,测量精[准]确度accuracy of the wavelength,波长精确度accuracy rating,精确度限acetylene(pressure)gauge,乙炔压力表acetylene regulator,乙炔减压器acoustic amplitude logger,声波幅度测井仪acoustic beacon,水声信标acoustic current meter,声学海流计acoustic element,声学元件acoustic emission,声发射acoustic emission amplitude,声发射振幅acoustic emission analysis system,声发射分析系统acoustic emission detection system,声发射检测系统acoustic emission detector,声发射检测仪acoustic emission energy,声发射能量acoustic emission event,声发射事件acoustic emission preamplifier,声发射前置放大器acoustic emission pulser,声发射脉冲发生器acoustic emission rate,声发射率acoustic emission signal processor[conditioner],声发射信号处理器acoustic emission rate,声发射信号acoustic emission source location and analysis system,声发射源定位及分析系统acoustic emission source location system,声发射源定位系统acoustic emission source,声发射源acoustic emission spectrum,声发射频谱acoustic emission technique,声发射技术acoustic emission transducer[sensor],声发射换能器acoustic fatigue,声疲劳acoustic impedance,声阻抗acoustic logging instrument,声波测井仪acoustic malfunction,声失效acoustic matching layer,声匹配层acoustic(quantity)transducer[sensor],声（学量）传感器acoustic ratio,声比acoustic releaser,声释放器acoustic resistance,声阻acoustic thermometer,声学温度计；声波温度表acoustic tide gauge,回声验潮仪acoustic transponder,声应答器acoustical frequency electric,声频大地电场仪acoustical hologram,声全息图acoustical holography,声全息acoustical holography by electron-beam scanning,电子束扫描声全息acoustical holography by laser scanning,激光束扫描声全息acoustical holography by mechanical scanning,机械扫查声全息acoustical imaging by Bragg diffraction,布拉格衍射声成像acoustical impedance method,声阻法acoustical lens,声透镜acoustically transparent pressure vessel,透声压力容器acquisition time,取数据时间actinometer,光能计；直接日射强度表；日射表(active)energy meter,（有功）电度表active gauge length,有效基长active gauge width,有效基宽active metal indicated electrode,活性金属指示电极active remote sensing,主动遥感active transducer[sensor],有源传感器activity,活度 activity coefficient,活度系数actual material calibration,实物校准actual time of observation,实际观测时间actual transformation ratio of voltage transformer,电压互感器的实际变化actral transformation ratio of current transformer,电流互感器的实际变化actual value,实际值actual voltage ratio,实际电压比actuator,执行机构；驱动器actuator bellows,执行机构波纹管actuator load,执行机构负载actuator power unit,执行机构动力部件actuator sensor interface(ASI),执行器传感器接口actuator shaft,执行机构输出轴actuator spring,执行机构弹簧actuator stem,执行机构输出杆actuator stem force,执行机构刚度actuator travel characteristic,执行机构行程特性adaptation layer,适应层adaptive control,（自）适应控制adaptive control system,适应控制系统adaptive controller,适应控制器adaptive prediction,适应预报adaptive telemetering system,适应遥测系统adder,加法器addition method,叠加法additional correction,补充修正additivity of mass spectra,质谱的可迭加性address,地址 adiabatic calorimeter,绝热式热量计adjust buffer total ion strength,总离子强度调节缓冲剂adjustable cistern barometer,动槽水银气压表adjustable relative humidity range,相对湿度可调范围adjustable temperature range,温度可调范围adjusted retention time,调整保留时间adjusted retention volume,调整保留体积adjuster,调整机构；调节器adjustment,调整adjustment bellows,调节波纹管adjustment device,调整装置adjusting pin,校正针adsorbent,吸附剂adsorption chromatography,吸附色谱法aerial camera,航空照相机aerial remote sensing,航空遥感aerial surveying camera,航摄仪aerodynamic balance,空气动力学天平aerodynamic noise,气体动力噪声aerograph,高空气象计aerogravity survey,航空重力测量aerometeorograph,高空气象计aerosol,县浮微料；气溶胶aging of column,柱老化agitator,搅拌器agricultural analyzer,农用分析仪air-borne gravimeter,航空重力仪air capacitor,空气电容器air consumption,耗气量air damper,空气阻尼器air-deployable buoy,空投式极地浮标air-drop automatic station,空投自动气象站air duct,风道air gun,空气枪air inlet,进风口air lock,气锁阀air-lock device,锁气装置air outlet,回风口air pressrue balance,空气压力天平air pressure test,空气压力试验air sleeve,风（向）袋air temperature,气温air-tight instrument,气密式仪器仪表air to close,气关air to open,气开airborne electromagnetic system;AEM system,航空电磁系统airborne flux-gate magnetometer,航空磁通门磁力仪airborne gamma radiometer,航空伽玛辐射仪airborne gamma spectrometer,航空伽玛能谱仪airborne infrared spectroradiometer,机载红外光谱辐射计airborne optical pumping magnetometer,航空光泵磁力仪airborne proton magnetometer,航空甚低频电磁系统airborne XBT,机载投弃式深温计airgun controller,气控制器airmeter,气流表alarm summery panel,报警汇总画面alarm unit,报警单元albedograph,反射计alcohol thermometer,酒精温度表algorithm,算法 algorithmic language,算法语言alidade,照准仪alignment instrument,准线仪alkali flame ionization detector(AFID),碱焰离子化检测器alkaline error,碱误差alkalinity of seawater,海水碱度all-sky camera,全天空照相机all-weather wind vane and anemometer,全天候风向风速计allocation problem,配置问题；分配问题allowable load impedance,允许的负载阻抗allowable pressure differential,允许压差allowable unbalance,许用不平衡量alpha spectrometer,α粒子能谱仪alternating[exchange]load,交变负荷alternating-current linear variable differential transformer(AC-ACLVDT), 交流极谱仪alternating temperature humidity test chamber,交变湿热试验箱altimeter,高度计altitude angle,高度角altitude meter,测高仪ambient humidity range,环境湿度范围ambient pressure,环境压力ambient pressure error,环境压力误差ambient temperature,环境ambient temperature range,环境温度范围ambient vibration,环境振动ambiguity error,模糊误差ammeter,电流表ammonia(pressure)gauge,氨压力表amount of precipitation,雨量amount of unbalance,不平衡量amount of unbalance indicatior,不平衡量指示器ampere-hour meter,安时计amplitude,幅值amplitude detector module,振幅检测组件amplitude error,振幅误差amplitude modulation(AM),幅度调制；调幅amplitude-phase error,幅相误差amplitude ratio-phase difference instrument,振幅比—相位差仪amplitude response,幅值响应analog computer,模拟计算机analog control,模拟控制analog data,模拟数据analog deep-level seismograhp,模拟深层地震仪analog input,模拟输入analog magnetic tape record type strong-motion instrument,模拟磁带记录强震仪analog model,模拟模型analog output,模拟输出analog seismograph tape recorder,模拟磁带地震记录仪analog simulation,模拟仿真analog stereopotter,模拟型立体测图仪analog superconduction magnetometer,模拟式超导磁力仪analog system,模拟系统analog telemetering system,模拟遥测系统analog-to-digital conversion accuracy,模-数转换精确度analog-to-digital conversion rate,模-数转换速度analog transducer[sensor],模拟传感器analogue computer,模拟计算单元analogue date,模拟数据analogue measuring instrument,模拟式测量仪器仪表analogue representation of a physical quantity,物理量的模拟表示analogue signal,模拟试验analogue-digital converter;A/D converter,模-数转换器；A/D转换器analogue-to-digital conversion,模/数转[变]换analysis of simulation experiment,仿真实验分析analytical balance,分析天平analytical electron microscope,分析型电子显微镜analytical gap,分析间隙analytical instrument,分析仪器analytical line,分析线analytical plotter,解析测图仪analyzer tube,分析管anechoic chamber,消声室；电波暗室anechoic tank,消声水池anemograph,风速计anemometer,风速表anemometer meast,测风杆anemometer tower,测风塔aneroid barograph,空盒气压计aneroid barometer,空盒气压表；空盒气压计aneroidograph,空盒气压计angle,角度angle beam technique,斜角法angle beam testing,斜角法angle form,角型angle of attach,冲角angle of field of view,视场角angle of incidence,入射角angle of refraction,折射角angle of spread,指向角；半扩散角angle of view of telescope,望远镜视场角angle of X-ray projiction,X射线辐射圆锥角angle probe,斜探头angle resolved electron spectroscopy(ARES),角分辨电子谱法angle strain,角应变angle transducer[sensor],角度传感器anglg-attack transducer[sensor],迎角传感器angle valve,角形阀angular acceleration,角加速度angular acceleration transducer[sensor],角加速度传感器angular displacement,角加速度传感器angular displacement,角位移angular displacement grationg,角位移光栅angular encoder,角编码器angular sensitivity,角灵敏度angular velocity transducer[sensor],角速度传感器annular coil clearance,环形线圈间隙annular space,环形间隙annunciator,信号源anode,阳极answering,应答anti-cavitation valve,防空化阀anti-contamination device,防污染装置anti-coupling bi-frequency induced polarization instrument,抗耦双频激电仪anti-magnetized varistor,消磁电压敏电阻器antiresonance,反共振antiresonance frequency,反共振频率anti-stockes line,反斯托克线aperiodic dampong,非周期阻尼；过阻尼aperiodic vibration,非周期振动aperture,光阑aperture of pressure difference,压差光阑aperture photographic method,针孔摄影法aperture stop,孔径光栏aperture time,空隙时间apparatus for measuring d.c.magnetic characteristic with ballistic galvanometer, 冲击法直流磁特性测量装置apparent temperature,表观温度appearance potentical,出现电位appearance potential spectrometer,出现电热谱仪appearance potential spectrometer(APS),出现电热谱法application layer(AL),应用层application layer protocol specification,应用层协议规范application layer service definition,应用室服务定义application software,应用软件approval,批准approximate absolute temperature scale,近似绝对温标aqueous vapour,水汽arc suppressing varstor,消弧电压敏电阻器arctic buoy,极地浮标area effect,面积影响area location,区域定位area of cross section of the main air flow,主送风方向横截面积argon-ion gun,氩离子枪annular chamber,环室argon ionization detector,氩离子化检测器arithmetic logic unit(ALU),算术逻辑运算单元arithmetic mean,算术平均值arithmetic weighted mean,算术加权平均值arithmetical mean deviation of the(foughness)profile,(粗糙度）轮廓的算术平均偏差arm error,不等臂误差armature,动铁芯array,阵，阵列array configuration,阵排列arrester varistor,防雷用电压敏电阻器articulated robot,关节型机器人artificial defect,人工缺陷artificial environment,人工环境artificial field method instrument,人工电场法仪器artificial intelligence,人工智能artificial seawater,人工海水ash fusion point determination meter,异步通信接口适配器asynchronous input,异步输入asynchronous transmission,异步传输atmidometer,蒸发仪，蒸发表atmometer,蒸发仪；蒸发表atmoradiograph,天电强度计atmosphere,气氛atmospheric counter radiation,天气向下辐射atmospheric electricity,大气电atmospheric opacity,大气不透明度atmospheric pressure,气压atmospheric pressure altimeter,气压高度计atmospheric pressure ionization(API),大气压电离atmospherics,天电；远程雷电atom force microscope,原子力显微镜atomic absorption spectrometry,原子吸收光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer,原子荧光光度计atomic fluorescence spectrometry,原子荧光光谱法atomic mass unit,原子质量单位atomic number correction,原子序数修正atomin spectrum,原子光谱atomic-absorption spectrophotometer,原子吸收分光光度计atomization,原子化atomizer,原子化器attenuation,衰减attenuation coefficient,衰减系数attenuation length,衰减长度attenuator,衰减器attitude,姿态attitude transducer[sensor],姿态传感器audio monitor,监听器audio-frequency spectrometer,声频频谱仪audit,审核Auger electron energy spectrometer(AEES),俄歇电子能谱仪Auger electron image,俄歇电子象Auger electron spectrometer,俄歇电子能谱仪Auger electron spectroscopy(AES),俄歇电子能谱法aurora,极光auto-compensation logging instrument,电子自动测井仪auto-compound current transformer,自耦式混合绕组电流互感器auto-polarization compensator,自动极化补偿器autocorrelation function,自相关函数automatic a.c.,d.c.B-H curve tracer,交、直流磁特性自动记录装置automatic balancing machine,自动平衡机automatic control,自动控制automatic control souce of vacuum,真空自动控制电源automatic control system,自动控制系统automatic data processing,自动数据处理automatic exposure device,自动曝光装置automatic feeder for brine,盐水溶液自动补给器automatic focus and stigmator,自动调焦和消象散装置automatic level,自动安平水准仪automatic levelling compensator,视轴安平补偿器automatic/manual station;A/M station,自动/手动操作器automatic programming,自动程度设计automatic radio wind wane and anemometer,无线电自动风向风速仪automatic railway weigh bridge,电子轨道衡automatic scanning,自动扫查automatic spring pipette,自动弹簧式吸液管automatic testing machine,自动试验机automatic titrator,自动滴定仪automatic tracking,自动跟踪automatic vertical index,竖直度盘指标补偿器automatic weather station,自动气象站automation,自动化automaton,自动机auxiliary attachment,辅件auxiliary controller bus(ACB),辅助控制器总线auxiliary crate controller,辅助机箱控制器auxiliary devices,辅助装置auxiliary equipment(of potentiometer),(电位差计的）辅助设备auxiliary gas,辅助气体auxiliary output signal,辅助输出信号auxiliary storage,辅助存储器auxiliary terminal,辅助端auxiliary type gravimeter,助动型重力仪availability,可用性available time,可用时间average,平均值average availability,平均可用度average nominal characteristic,平均名义特性average sound level,平均声级average value of contarmination,污染的平均值average wind speed,平均风速axial clearance,轴向间隙axial current flow method,轴向通电法axial load,轴向载荷axial sensitivity,轴向灵敏度axial vibration,轴向振动axis of rotation,摆轴；旋转轴axix of strain gauge,应变计[片]轴线B-scope,B型显示back flushing,反吹background,后台，背景，本底background current,基流background mass spectrum,本底质谱background noise,背景噪声background processing,后台处理background program,后台程度Backman thermometer,贝克曼温度计backscattered electron image,背散射电子象backward channel,反向信道baffle wall,隔板balance,天平balance for measuring amount of precipitation,水量秤balance output,对称输出balance quality of rotor,转子平衡精度balance wieght,平衡块balanced plug,平衡型阀芯balancing,平衡balancing machine sensitivity,平衡机灵敏度balancing machine,平衡机balancing speed,平衡转速ball pneumatic dead wieght tester,浮球压力计ball screw assembly,滚珠丝杠副ball valve,球阀ballistic galvanometer,冲击栓流计band,频带bandwidth,带宽band width of video amplifier,视频放大器频宽bar primary bushing type current transformer,棒形电流互感器barograph,气压计barometer cistern,气压表水银槽barometer,气压表barometric correction,气压表器差修正barometrograph,空盒气压计barothermograph,气压温度计barrel distortion,桶形畸变；负畸变base,基底base line,基线base peak,基峰base unit(of measurement),基本（测量）单位baseband LAM,基带局域网baseline drift,基线漂移baseline noise,基线噪声baseline potential,空白电位baseline value,空白值basic NMR frequency,基本核磁共振频率basic standard,基础标准batch control,批量控制batch control station,批量控制站batch inlet,分批进样batch of strain gauge,应变计[片]批batch processing,成批处理batch processing simulation,批处理仿真Baud,波特beam,横梁；声速beam deflector,电子束偏转器beam path distance,声程beam ratio,声束比beam spot diameter,束斑直径beam-deflection ultrasonic flowmeter,声速偏转式超声流量计beam-loading thermobalance,水平式热天平bearing,轴承；刀承bearing axis,轴承中心线bdaring support,支承架beat frequency oscillator,拍频振荡器beat method(of measurement),差拍（测量）法Beaufort scale,蒲福风级Beckman differential thermometer,贝克曼温度计bed,机座Beer' law,比尔定律bell manometer,钟罩压力计bell prover,钟罩校准器bellows,波纹管bellows(pressure)gauge,波纹管压力表bellows seal bonnet,波纹管密封型上阀盖bench mark,水准点bending strength,弯曲强度bending vibration,弯曲振动bent stem earth thermometer,曲管地温表Besson nephoscope,贝森测云器betatron,电子回旋加速器；电子感应加速器bezel ring,盖环bias voltage,偏压bi-directional vane,双向风向标；双风信标bilateral current stabilizer,双向稳流器bimetallic element,双金属元件bimetallic instrument,双金属式仪表bimetallic temperature transducer[sensor],双金属温度传感器bimetallic thermometer,双金属温度计binary coded decimal(BCD),二-十进制编码binary control,二进制控制binary digital,二进制数字binary elastic scattering event,双弹性散射过程binary elastic scattering peak,双弹性散射峰binary element,二进制元binary signal,二进制信号biomedical analyzer,生物医学分析仪biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)microbial transducer[sensor],微生物BOD传感器 biochemical oxygen demand meter for seawater,海水生化需氧量测定仪biochemical quantity transducer[sensor],生化量传感器biological quantity transducer[sensor],生物量传感器biosensor,生物传感器bird receiving system,吊舱接收系统bit,比特；位bit error rate,误码率bit serial,位串行bit-serial higgway,位串行信息公路bivane,双向风向标；双风信标black box,未知框black light filter,透过紫外线的滤光片black light lamp,紫外线照射装置blackbody,黑体blackbody chamber,黑体腔blackbody furnace,黑体炉bland test,空白试验balzed grating,闪耀光栅block,块体；字块；字组；均温块block check,块检验block diagram,方块（框）图block length,字块长度block transfer,块传递blood calcium ion transducer[sensor],血钙传感器blood carbon dioxide transducer[sensor],血液二氧化碳传感器blood chloried ion transducer[sensor],血氯传感器blood electrolyte transducer[sensor],血液电解质传感器blood flow transducer[sensor],血流传感器blood gas transducer[sensor],血气传感器blood-group immune transducer[sensor],免疫血型传感器blood oxygen transducer[sensor],血氧传感器blood PH transducer[sensor],血液PH传感器blood potassium ion transducer[sensor],血钾传感器blood-pressure transducer[sensor],血压传感器blood sodium ion transducer[sensor],血钠传感器blood-volume transducer[sensor],血容量传感器blower device,鼓风装置bluff body,阻流体Bode diagram,博德图body temperature transducer,体温传感器bolometer,辐射热计；热副射仪bomb head tray,弹头托盘honded strain gauge,粘贴式应变计bonnet,上阀盖boomerang grab,自返式取样器boomerang gravity corer,自返式深海取样管booster,增强器bore(of liquid-in-glass thermometer),（玻璃温度计的）内孔borehole acoustic television logger,超声电视测井仪borehole compensated sonic logger,补偿声波测井仪borehole gravimeter,井中重力仪borehloe gravimetry,井中重力测量borehole thermometer,井温仪bottorm echo,底面反射波bottom flange,下阀盖bottom-loading thermobalance,下皿式热天平bottom surface,底面Bouguer's law,伯格定律Bourdon pressure sensor,弹簧管压力检测元件Bourdon tube,弹簧管；波登管Bourdon tube(pressure)gauge,弹簧管压力表box gauge,箱式验潮仪BP-scope,BP 型显示Bragg's equation,布拉格方程braking time,制动时间braking torque(of an integrating instrument),（积分式仪表的）制动力矩branch,分支branch cable,支线电缆breakdown voltage rating,绝缘强度breakpoint,断点breather,换气装置bremsstrahlung,韧致辐射bridge,桥接器bridge's balance range,电桥平衡范围bright field electron image,明场电子象bridge for measuring temperature,测温电桥bridge resistance,桥路电阻brightness,亮度Brinell hardness number,布氏硬度值Brinell hardnell penetrator,布氏硬度压头Brienll hardenss tester,布氏硬度计broadband LAN,定带局域网broad-band random vibration,宽带随机振动broad band spectrum,宽波段broadcast,广播BT-calibrationg installation,深温计[BT]检定装置bubble,水准泡bubble-tube,吹气管bucket thermometer,表层温度表buffer,缓冲器buffer solution,缓冲溶液buffer storage,缓冲存储器built-in galvanometer,内装式检流计built-in-weigthts,挂码bulb,温包；感温泡bulb(of filled system themometer),（压力式温度计的）温包bulb(of liquid-in-glass thermometer),（玻璃温度计的）感温泡bulb length(of liquid-in-glass thermometer),（玻璃温度计的）感温泡长度bulk type semiconductor strain gauge,体型半导体应变计bulk zinc oxide varistor,体型氧化锌电压敏电阻器bump,连续冲击bump test,连续冲击试验；颠簸试验bump testing machine,连续冲击台buoy,浮标buoy array,浮标阵buoy float,浮标体buoy motion package,浮标运动监测装置buoy station,浮标站buoyancy correction,浮力修正buoyancy level measuring device,浮力液位测量装置burden(of a instrument transformer),（仪用互感器的）负载burning method,燃烧法burst acoustic emission signal,突发传输bus,总线bus line，总线bus master,总线主设备bus mother board,总线母板bus network,总线网bus slave,总线从设备bus topology,总线拓扑bus type current transformer,母线式电流互感器bushing type current transformer,套管式流互感器busy,忙busy state,忙碌状态butterfly valve,蝶阀 by-pass,旁路by-pass injector,旁通进样器by-pass manifold,旁路接头by-pass valve,旁通阀Byram anemometer,拜拉姆风速表byte,字节byte frame,字节帧byte serial,字节串行byte-serial highway,字节串行住信处公路集散控制系统——Distributed Control System（DCS）现场总线控制系统——Fieldbus Control System（FCS）监控及数据采集系统——Supervisory Control And Data Acqusition（SCADA）可编程序控制器——Programmable Logic Controller（PLC）可编程计算机控制器——Programmable Computer Controller（PCC）工厂自动化——Factory Automation（FA）过程自动化——Process Automation（PA）办公自动化——Office Automation（OA）管理信息系统——Management Information System（MIS）楼宇自动化系统——Building Automation System人机界面——Human Machine Interface（HMI）工控机——Industrial Personal Computer（IPC）单片机——Single Chip Microprocessor计算机数控（CNC）远程测控终端——Remote Terminal Unit（RTU）上位机——Supervisory Computer图形用户界面（GUI）人工智能——Artificial Intelligent（AI）智能终端——Intelligent Terminal模糊控制——Fuzzy Control组态——Configuration仿真——Simulation冗余——Redundant客户/服务器——Client/Server网络——Network设备网——DeviceNET基金会现场总线——foundation fieldbus（FF）现场总线——Fieldbus以太网——Ethernet变频器——Inverter脉宽调制——Pulse Width Modulation（PWM）伺服驱动器——Servo Driver软起动器——Soft Starter步进——Step-by-Step控制阀——Control Valver流量计——Flowmeter仪表——Instrument记录仪—— Recorder传感器——Sensor智能传感器——Smart Sensor智能变送器——Smart Transducer虚拟仪器——Virtual Instrument主站/从站——Master Station/Slave station操作员站/工程师站/管理员站——Operator Station/Engineer Station/Manager Station集散控制系统——Distributed Control System（DCS）现场总线控制系统——Fieldbus Control System（FCS）监控及数据采集系统——Supervisory Control And Data Acqusition（SCADA）可编程序控制器——Programmable Logic Controller（PLC）可编程计算机控制器——Programmable Computer Controller（PCC）工厂自动化——Factory Automation（FA）过程自动化——Process Automation（PA）办公自动化——Office Automation（OA）管理信息系统——Management Information System（MIS）楼宇自动化系统——Building Automation System人机界面——Human Machine Interface（HMI）工控机——Industrial Personal Computer（IPC）单片机——Single Chip Microprocessor计算机数控（CNC）远程测控终端——Remote Terminal Unit（RTU）上位机——Supervisory Computer图形用户界面（GUI）人工智能——Artificial Intelligent（AI）智能终端——Intelligent Terminal模糊控制——Fuzzy Control组态——Configuration仿真——Simulation冗余——Redundant客户/服务器——Client/Server网络——Network设备网——DeviceNET基金会现场总线——foundation fieldbus（FF）现场总线——Fieldbus以太网——Ethernet变频器——Inverter脉宽调制——Pulse Width Modulation（PWM）伺服驱动器——Servo Driver软起动器——Soft Starter步进——Step-by-Step控制阀——Control Valver流量计——Flowmeter仪表——Instrument记录仪—— Recorder传感器——Sensor智能传感器——Smart Sensor智能变送器——Smart Transducer虚拟仪器——Virtual Instrument主站/从站——Master Station/Slave station操作员站/工程师站/管理员站——Operator Station/Engineer Station/Manager Station battery light kit 电池式灯具lamp lens 灯玻璃landing weight 卸货重量letter of indemnity | | trust receipt 赔偿保证书(信托收据range indicator 距离指示器short shipment | | goods short shipped | | goods shut out | | shut-outs 退关SMT Inductors 表面贴电感器STM-N:Synchronous Transport Module level-N 同步传送模块(electric) resistor 电阻器(With) Best Regard 谨致问候3D coordinate measurement 三次元量床A high degree of light-fastness 高质量不褪色A.C. balance indicator 交流平衡指示器A.C. bridge 交流电桥A.C. current calibrator 交流电流校正器a.c. generator 交流发动机A.C.current distortion 交流电流失真A.C.powered lamp 交流供电的灯A/C adaptor 电源适配器A/D；analog to digital 模拟/数字转换aberration 光行差/橡差abnormal low-voltage arc 反差低压电弧abnormal voltage 反常电压/异常电压Abradant material 研磨材料Abrasion test 磨损试验abrasion test 耐磨损性试验abrasive action 磨损作用abrasive blast equipment 喷砂设备Abrasive blast system 喷砂清理系统ABS American Bureau of Standard 美国标准局Absolute Colorimetric 绝对色度absolute value 绝对值absolute velocity 绝对速度absolute wave meter 绝对波长表absorption tube 吸收管/吸收试验管absorption wave meter 吸收式波长计absorption wavemeter 吸收式波长计absorption wavetrap 吸收陷波器absorptive 吸收的absorptive power 吸收本领absorptivity 吸收率ac induced polarization instrument 交流激电仪ac potentiometer 交流电位差仪AC/alternating current 交流/交流电academician，association，协会ACC Automatic Centering Control 自动控制中心accelerated life test 快速寿命测试accent lighting 重点照明Acceptability Criteria 验收Acceptable life 有效使用寿命Acceptance criteria 验收标准acceptance specification 验收规范Acceptance test specification 验收测试规范worldlightingtrade Skype即时通讯工具Access panel 罩板accommodate 调节accommodation 调适accreditation 认可accreditation of testing laboratory 测试实验室的认可accumulator 储线器/补偿器accuracy 精确度/准确度accuracy control 精确控制accuracy grade 精度等级accuracy life 精确度寿命accuracy rating 精确度限acid rinsing shop-stamping warehouse 酸洗工段房-冲压库Acid-proof paint 耐酸涂料/耐酸油漆Acid-proof paint 耐酸涂料/耐酸油漆acoustic reflection shell 声反射罩ACPI：Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 高级电源配置电源接口acquisition price 收购价Across frequency 交叉频率/分频频率Acrylic fitting 压克力配件acrylic plastic glazing 丙烯酸有机玻璃ACST access time 存取时间acting area(spot) lighting 舞台前台（聚光）照明activated electrode 激活电极activated phosphor 激活荧光粉Active 主动的，有源的，有效的，运行的Active Area 可读取范围active market 买卖活跃的市场active power 有效功率active probe 有效探头active scanning time 有效扫描时间active voltage 有效电压actual life 有效寿命actual transformation ratio of a current (voltage) transformer 电流互感器的实际电流(电压)比actual transformation ratio of a current (voltage) transformer 流互感器的实际电流(电压)比adaptable automobile mode/style 适用车型KENFOR Global Lighting Sourcing Centreadaptable voltage 适用电压adaptable/suitable tube''s current 适用灯管电流adaptation 顺应adapting luminance （视觉）亮适用性adaptive control system 适应控制系统adaptive controller 适应控制器adaptive prediction 适应预报adaptive temperature 适应温度Adaptor/adapters 适配器/转换器ADC/analog to digital ... Voltage 压敏电阻器。
AMOS单词英汉对照
1、endogenous variables 内生变量2、exogenous variables 外生变量3、Analysis Summary 分析总结4、exogenous latent variables 潜在外生变量5、endogenous latent variables 潜在内生变量6、path diagram 路径图7、residual 残差8、structural model 结构模型9、measurements model 测量模10、2 -goodness-of-fit test 卡方检验11、GFI（adjusted goodness-of-fit index）拟合优度指数12、RMR(root mean square residual) 平方平均残差的平方根13、Ordered-Categorical censored data 有序分类截尾数据14、intercepts 截获,截距15、regression weights 回归权重16、scalar estimates 标量估计17、Minimization history 最小化的历史18、Squared multiple correlations 平方多重相关性19、score 得分20、Maximum Likelihood Estimates 极大似然估计21、scale 规模12.47, .03Estimates (Group number 1 - Default model)Scalar Estimates (Group number 1 - Default model)Maximum Likelihood EstimatesRegression Weights: (Group number 1 - Default model)Standardized Regression Weights: (Group number 1 - Default model)Means: (Group number 1 - Default model)Intercepts: (Group number 1 - Default model)Covariances: (Group number 1 - Default model)Correlations: (Group number 1 - Default model)Variances: (Group number 1 - Default model)Squared Multiple Correlations: (Group number 1 - Default model)Minimization: .000 Miscellaneous: .078Bootstrap: .000Total: .078Number of variables in your model: 4Number of observed variables: 3Number of unobserved variables: 1Number of exogenous variables: 3Number of endogenous variables: 1Number of distinct sample moments: 9 Number of distinct parameters to be estimated: 9Degrees of freedom (9 - 9): 0 Estimates (Group number 1 - Default model)Scalar Estimates (Group number 1 - Default model)Maximum Likelihood EstimatesRegression Weights: (Group number 1 - Default model)Standardized Regression Weights: (Group number 1 - Default model)Means: (Group number 1 - Default model)Intercepts: (Group number 1 - Default model)Covariances: (Group number 1 - Default model)Correlations: (Group number 1 - Default model)Variances: (Group number 1 - Default model)Squared Multiple Correlations: (Group number 1 - Default model)Minimization:.000Miscellaneous:.078Bootstrap:.000Total:.078Minimization: .000Miscellaneous: .078Bootstrap: .000Total: .078Amos 提供下列方法以估计结构方程模型：极大似然法>非加权最小二乘法>广义最小二乘法Browne’s asymptotically distribution-free criterion Browne’s渐进自由分布标准Scale-free least squares 自由尺度最小二乘法。
心理统计笔记—名词解释
第一章：描述性统计统计：描述性统计descriptive statistics推断性统计inferential statistics#描述性统计主要是对一组给定的测量数据进行总结的方法，而推断性统计是把对给定数据的测量结果推广到更大的潜在数据集的方法。
变量variable和常量constant变量：连续变量continuous variable & 离散变量discrete variable一个具有有限水平但相邻水平之间不再可能赋值的变量被称为离散变量。
一个可以无穷小精确度来测量的变量（至少在理论上，可是求两个任意小的测量水平之间的中间值）被称为连续变量。
自变量indepentent variable & 因变量dependent variable称名/类别量尺（nominal/categorical scale）：数字是强制定义的，不可计算。
顺序/等级量尺（ordinal scale）：不是简单分类，而是有一定顺序。
然而，这些排名数字并不能看作真正的数值，因为等级之间不是等距的。
研究者在对这类的数据进行数学运算时，已经假设它们是等距数据了。
等距和等比量尺（interval and ratio scales）：不但具有等距特征，而且还兼具等比特征的量尺被称之为等比量尺。
尽管所有等比量尺都有等距特征，但有些量尺只有等距特征而不具备等比特征。
这些量尺被称为等距量尺。
等距量尺是没有真正零点的。
E.g. 摄氏和华氏温度，IQ值等。
#不能混淆变量和用来测量变量的量尺。
同一个变量可以用多种量尺来测量，例如：测量温度可以用顺序量尺（第一热，第二热），也可以用等距量尺（摄氏/华氏度），还可以用等比量尺（开尔文，有绝对零度）。
尽管在终极意义上，所有量尺都是离散的，但是具有很多水平的量尺通常被认为是连续的，而水平相对少的量尺则当作离散处理。
而用于测量离散变量的量尺总是离散的。
参数统计（parameter statistics）和非参数统计：基于分布及其参数的统计方法叫参数统计。
概率论与数理统计(英文) 第四章
47
3e 3 x for x > 0 f ( x) = for x ≤ 0 0
Find the probability from that it will take on value (a) between 0 and 2; (b) greater than 1. Solution Evaluating the necessary integrals, we get (a) P (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) = 3e
P( X = x) = 0 .
0 ≤ P( X = x) ≤ ∫
ε →0
x +ε
x
x +ε
f ( x)dx
f ( x)dx = 0
0 ≤ P ( X = x) ≤ lim ∫
x
P ( a ≤ X ≤ b) = P ( a ≤ X < b) = P ( a < X ≤ b) = P ( a < X < b)
1 f ( x) = b a 0
for a < x < b, elsewhere,
whose graph is shown in Figure 4.2.1. f(x)
1 ba
0
a
b
x
Figure 4.2.1 The uniform probability density in the interval (a, b)
f ( x) =
(a) Find E(X); (b) Let
1 , ∞ < x < ∞ π (1 + x 2 )
X , 0 < X <1 g(X ) = 0, elsewhere
Find E ( g ( X )) .
【新提醒】Minitab中英文词汇对照：常用统计词汇
【新提醒】Minitab中英文词汇对照：常用统计词汇Minitab 中英文词汇对照，希望可以帮助大家掌握常用统计词汇...Absolute deviation, 绝对离差Absolute number, 绝对数Absolute residuals, 绝对残差Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度Acceleration vector, 加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设Accumulation, 累积Accuracy, 准确度Actual frequency, 实际频数Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量Addition, 相加Addition theorem, 加法定理Additivity, 可加性Adjusted rate, 调整率Adjusted value, 校正值Admissible error, 容许误差Aggregation, 聚集性Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设Among groups, 组间Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析Analysis of variance, 方差分析Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA （analysis of variance）, 方差分析ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA, 季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper, 算术格纸Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit, 拟合的评估Associative laws, 结合律Asymmetric distribution, 非对称分布Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率Asymptotic variance, 渐近方差Attributable risk, 归因危险度Attribute data, 属性资料Attribution, 属性Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length, 平均置信区间长度Average growth rate, 平均增长率Bar chart, 条形图Bar Graph, 条形图Base period, 基期Bayes'' theorem , Bayes定理Bell-shaped curve, 钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution, 伯努力分布Best-trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution, 二项分布Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体Biweight interval, 双权区间Biweight M-estimator, 双权M估计量Block, 区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs), BMDP统计软件包Boxplots, 箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound, 崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation, 典型相关Caption, 纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究Categorical variable, 分类变量Catenary, 悬链线Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship, 因果关系Cell, 单元Censoring, 终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标Central tendency, 集中趋势Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interaction Detector, 卡方自动交互检测Chance, 机遇Chance error, 随机误差Chance variable, 随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程Characteristic root, 特征根Characteristic vector, 特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces, 切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test, 卡方检验/χ2检验CHOleskey decomposition, 乔洛斯基分解Circle chart, 圆图Class interval, 组距Class mid-value, 组中值Class upper limit, 组上限Classified variable, 分类变量Cluster analysis, 聚类分析Cluster sampling, 整群抽样Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据Coding, 编码Coefficient of contingency, 列联系数Coefficient of determination, 决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数Coefficient of production-moment correlation, 积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数Coefficient of regression, 回归系数Coefficient of skewness, 偏度系数Coefficient of variation, 变异系数Cohort study, 队列研究Column, 列Column effect, 列效应Column factor, 列因素Combination pool, 合并Combinative table, 组合表Common factor, 共性因子Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差Common variation, 公共变异Communality variance, 共性方差Comparability, 可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较Comparison value, 比较值Compartment model, 分部模型Compassion, 伸缩Complement of an event, 补事件Complete association, 完全正相关Complete dissociation, 完全不相关Complete Statistics, 完备统计量Completely randomized design, 完全随机化设计Composite event, 联合事件Composite events, 复合事件Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation, 条件期望Conditional likelihood, 条件似然Conditional probability, 条件概率Conditionally linear, 依条件线性Confidence interval, 置信区间Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit, 置信下限Confidence upper limit, 置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis , 验证性因子分析Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究Confounding factor, 混杂因素Conjoint, 联合分析Consistency, 相合性Consistency check, 一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint, 约束Contaminated distribution, 污染分布Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution, 污染正态分布Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型Contingency table, 列联表Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率Control, 对照Controlled experiments, 对照实验Conventional depth, 常规深度Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子Corrected mean, 校正均值Correction coefficient, 校正系数Correctness, 正确性Correlation coefficient, 相关系数Correlation index, 相关指数Correspondence, 对应Counting, 计数Counts, 计数/频数Covariance, 协方差Covariant, 共变Cox Regression, Cox回归Criteria for fitting, 拟合准则Criteria of least squares, 最小二乘准则Critical ratio, 临界比Critical region, 拒绝域Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design, 交叉设计Cross-section analysis, 横断面分析Cross-section survey, 横断面调查Crosstabs , 交叉表Cross-tabulation table, 复合表Cube root, 立方根Cumulative distribution function, 分布函数Cumulative probability, 累计概率Curvature, 曲率/弯曲Curvature, 曲率Curve fit , 曲线拟和Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression, 曲线回归Curvilinear relation, 曲线关系Cut-and-try method, 尝试法Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性D test, D检验Data acquisition, 资料收集Data bank, 数据库Data capacity, 数据容量Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏Data handling, 数据处理Data manipulation, 数据处理Data processing, 数据处理Data reduction, 数据缩减Data set, 数据集Data sources, 数据来源Data transformation, 数据变换Data validity, 数据有效性Data-in, 数据输入Data-out, 数据输出Dead time, 停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度Degree of precision, 精密度Degree of reliability, 可靠性程度Degression, 递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points, 数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量Dependent variable, 因变量Depth, 深度Derivative matrix, 导数矩阵Derivative-free methods, 无导数方法Design, 设计Determinacy, 确定性Determinant, 行列式Determinant, 决定因素Deviation, 离差Deviation from average, 离均差Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization, 直接标准化法Discrete variable, 离散型变量DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数Discriminant function, 判别值Dispersion, 散布/分散度Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape, 分布形状Distribution-free method, 任意分布法Distributive laws, 分配律Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve, 剂量反应曲线Double blind method, 双盲法Double blind trial, 双盲试验Double exponential distribution, 双指数分布Double logarithmic, 双对数Downward rank, 降秩Dual-space plot, 对偶空间图DUD, 无导数方法Duncan''s new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan新法E-LEffect, 实验效应Eigenvalue, 特征值Eigenvector, 特征向量Ellipse, 椭圆Empirical distribution, 经验分布Empirical probability, 经验概率单位Enumeration data, 计数资料Equal sun-class number, 相等次级组含量Equally likely, 等可能Equivariance, 同变性Error, 误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差Error type I, 第一类错误Error type II, 第二类错误Estimand, 被估量Estimated error mean squares, 估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和Euclidean distance, 欧式距离Event, 事件Event, 事件Exceptional data point, 异常数据点Expectation plane, 期望平面Expectation surface, 期望曲面Expected values, 期望值Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling, 试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis, 探索性数据分析Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要Exponential curve, 指数曲线Exponential growth, 指数式增长EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法Extended fit, 扩充拟合Extra parameter, 附加参数Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值Extremes, 极端值/极值F distribution, F分布F test, F检验Factor, 因素/因子Factor analysis, 因子分析Factor Analysis, 因子分析Factor score, 因子得分Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design, 析因试验设计False negative, 假阴性False negative error, 假阴性错误Family of distributions, 分布族Family of estimators, 估计量族Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate, 病死率Field investigation, 现场调查Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体Finite-sample, 有限样本First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component, 第一主成分First quartile, 第一四分位数Fisher information, 费雪信息量Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve, 曲线拟合Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏Forecast, 预测Four fold table, 四格表Fourth, 四分点Fraction blow, 左侧比率Fractional error, 相对误差Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon, 频数多边图Frontier point, 界限点Function relationship, 泛函关系Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布Gauss increment, 高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量General census, 全面普查GENLOG (Generalized liner models), 广义线性模型Geometric mean, 几何平均数Gini''s mean difference, 基尼均差GLM (General liner models), 通用线性模型Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant, 行列式的梯度Graeco-Latin square, 希腊拉丁方Grand mean, 总均值Gross errors, 重大错误Gross-error sensitivity, 大错敏感度Group averages, 分组平均Grouped data, 分组资料Guessed mean, 假定平均数Half-life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators, 汉佩尔M估计量Happenstance, 偶然事件Harmonic mean, 调和均数Hazard function, 风险均数Hazard rate, 风险率Heading, 标目Heavy-tailed distribution, 重尾分布Hessian array, 海森立体阵Heterogeneity, 不同质Heterogeneity of variance, 方差不齐Hierarchical classification, 组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法High-leverage point, 高杠杆率点HILOGLINEAR, 多维列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge, 折叶点Histogram, 直方图Historical cohort study, 历史性队列研究Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M-estimators, 休伯M估计量Hyperbola, 双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验Hypothetical universe, 假设总体Impossible event, 不可能事件Independence, 独立性Independent variable, 自变量Index, 指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体Infinitely great, 无穷大Infinitely small, 无穷小Influence curve, 影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量Initial condition, 初始条件Initial estimate, 初始估计值Initial level, 最初水平Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms, 交互作用项Intercept, 截距Interpolation, 内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间Intrinsic curvature, 固有曲率Invariance, 不变性Inverse matrix, 逆矩阵Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation, 反正弦变换Iteration, 迭代Jacobian determinant, 雅可比行列式Joint distribution function, 分布函数Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution, 联合概率分布K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier图Kendall''s rank correlation, Kendall等级相关Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis, 峰度Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计Leakage, 泄漏Least favorable configuration, 最不利构形Least favorable distribution, 最不利分布Least significant difference, 最小显著差法Least square method, 最小二乘法Least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line, 最小绝对残差线Legend, 图例L-estimator, L估计量L-estimator of location, 位置L估计量L-estimator of scale, 尺度L估计量Level, 水平Life expectance, 预期期望寿命Life table, 寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布Likelihood function, 似然函数Likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划Linear regression, 直线回归Linear Regression, 线性回归Linear trend, 线性趋势Loading, 载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性Location equivariance, 位置同变性Location invariance, 位置不变性Location scale family, 位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution, 对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation, 对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution, 逻辑斯特分布Logit transformation, Logit转换LOGLINEAR, 多维列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布Lost function, 损失函数Low correlation, 低度相关Lower limit, 下限Lowest-attained variance, 最小可达方差LSD, 最小显著差法的简称Lurking variable, 潜在变量M-RMain effect, 主效应Major heading, 主辞标目Marginal density function, 边缘密度函数Marginal probability, 边缘概率Marginal probability distribution, 边缘概率分布Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布Matching of distribution, 分布的匹配Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配Mathematical expectation, 数学期望Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L-estimator, 极大极小L 估计量Maximum likelihood method, 最大似然法Mean, 均数Mean squares between groups, 组间均方Mean squares within group, 组内均方Means (Compare means), 均值-均值比较Median, 中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量Median lethal dose, 半数致死量Median polish, 中位数平滑Median test, 中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator, 最小方差估计量MINITAB, 统计软件包Minor heading, 宾词标目Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定Modeling Statistics , 模型统计Models for outliers, 离群值模型Modifying the model, 模型的修正Modulus of continuity, 连续性模Morbidity, 发病率Most favorable configuration, 最有利构形Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL), 多维尺度/多维标度Multinomial Logistic Regression , 多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较Multiple correlation , 复相关Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归Multiple response , 多重选项Multiple solutions, 多解Multiplication theorem, 乘法定理Multiresponse, 多元响应Multi-stage sampling, 多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution, 多元T分布Mutual exclusive, 互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立Natural boundary, 自然边界Natural dead, 自然死亡Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q检验NK method, q检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义Nominal variable, 名义变量Nonconstancy of variability, 变异的非定常性Nonlinear regression, 非线性相关Nonparametric statistics, 非参数统计Nonparametric test, 非参数检验Nonparametric tests, 非参数检验Normal deviate, 正态离差Normal distribution, 正态分布Normal equation, 正规方程组Normal ranges, 正常范围Normal value, 正常值Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数Null hypothesis, 无效假设Numerical variable, 数值变量Objective function, 目标函数Observation unit, 观察单位Observed value, 观察值One sided test, 单侧检验One-way analysis of variance, 单因素方差分析Oneway ANOVA , 单因素方差分析Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计Optrim, 优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率Order statistics, 顺序统计量Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordinal variable, 有序变量Orthogonal basis, 正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件ORTHOPLAN, 正交设计Outlier cutoffs, 离群值截断点Outliers, 极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关Overshoot, 迭代过度Paired design, 配对设计Paired sample, 配对样本Pairwise slopes, 成对斜率Parabola, 抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics, 参数统计Parametric test, 参数检验Partial correlation, 偏相关Partial regression, 偏回归Partial sorting, 偏排序Partials residuals, 偏残差Pattern, 模式Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线Peeling, 退层Percent bar graph, 百分条形图Percentage, 百分比Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线Periodicity, 周期性Permutation, 排列P-estimator, P估计量Pie graph, 饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量Pivot, 枢轴量Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡Point estimation, 点估计Poisson distribution, 泊松分布Polishing, 平滑Polled standard deviation, 合并标准差Polled variance, 合并方差Polygon, 多边图Polynomial, 多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线Population, 总体Population attributable risk, 人群归因危险度Positive correlation, 正相关Positively skewed, 正偏Posterior distribution, 后验分布Power of a test, 检验效能Precision, 精密度Predicted value, 预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析Principal component analysis, 主成分分析Prior distribution, 先验分布Prior probability, 先验概率Probabilistic model, 概率模型probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差Profile trace, 截面迹图Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling, 按比例分层随机抽样Proportionate, 成比例Proportionate sub-class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查Proximities, 亲近性Pseudo F test, 近似F检验Pseudo model, 近似模型Pseudo Sigma, 伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样QR decomposition, QR分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似Qualitative classification, 属性分类Qualitative method, 定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q-Q图Quantitative analysis, 定量分析Quartile, 四分位数Quick Cluster, 快速聚类Radix sort, 基数排序Random allocation, 随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计Random event, 随机事件Randomization, 随机化Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关Rank sum test, 秩和检验Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data, 等级资料Rate, 比率Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料Raw residual, 原始残差Rayleigh''s test, 雷氏检验Rayleigh''s Z, 雷氏Z值Reciprocal, 倒数Reciprocal transformation, 倒数变换Recording, 记录Redescending estimators, 回降估计量Reducing dimensions, 降维Re-expression, 重新表达Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square, 回归平方和Rejection point, 拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度Relative number, 相对数Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization, 重新设置参数Replication, 重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和Resistance, 耐抗性Resistant line, 耐抗线Resistant technique, 耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R估计量R-estimator of scale, 尺度R估计量Retrospective study, 回顾性调查Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit分析Rotation, 旋转Rounding, 舍入Row, 行Row effects, 行效应Row factor, 行因素RXC table, RXC表S-ZSample, 样本Sample regression coefficient, 样本回归系数Sample size, 样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差Sampling error, 抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system ), SAS统计软件包Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram, 散点图Schematic plot, 示意图/简图Score test, 计分检验Screening, 筛检SEASON, 季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper, 半对数格纸Sensitivity curve, 敏感度曲线Sequential analysis, 贯序分析Sequential data set, 顺序数据集Sequential design, 贯序设计Sequential method, 贯序法Sequential test, 贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short-cut method, 简捷法Sigmoid curve, S形曲线Sign function, 正负号函数Sign test, 符号检验Signed rank, 符号秩Significance test, 显著性检验Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling, 简单整群抽样Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样Simple regression, 简单回归simple table, 简单表Sine estimator, 正弦估计量Single-valued estimate, 单值估计Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布Skewness, 偏度Slash distribution, 斜线分布Slope, 斜率Smirnov test, 斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variation, 变异来源Spearman rank correlation, 斯皮尔曼等级相关Specific factor, 特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布Spread, 展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS统计软件包Spurious correlation, 假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差Standard deviation, 标准差Standard error, 标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误Standard error of estimate, 标准估计误差Standard error of rate, 率的标准误Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布Standardization, 标准化Starting value, 起始值Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断Statistical table, 统计表Steepest descent, 最速下降法Stem and leaf display, 茎叶图Step factor, 步长因子Stepwise regression, 逐步回归Storage, 存Strata, 层（复数）Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Strength, 强度Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship, 结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t化残差Sub-class numbers, 次级组含量Subdividing, 分割Sufficient statistic, 充分统计量Sum of products, 积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression, 偏回归平方和Sure event, 必然事件Survey, 调查Survival, 生存分析Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图Symmetry, 对称Systematic error, 系统误差Systematic sampling, 系统抽样Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积Tail length, 尾长Tail weight, 尾重Tangent line, 切线Target distribution, 目标分布Taylor series, 泰勒级数Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势Testing of hypotheses, 假设检验Theoretical frequency, 理论频数Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval, 容忍区间Tolerance lower limit, 容忍下限Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限Torsion, 扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和Total variation, 总变异Transformation, 转换Treatment, 处理Trend, 趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势Trial, 试验Trial and error method, 试错法Tuning constant, 细调常数Two sided test, 双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方Two-stage sampling, 二阶段抽样Two-tailed test, 双侧检验Two-way analysis of variance, 双因素方差分析Two-way table, 双向表Type I error, 一类错误/α错误Type II error, 二类错误/β错误UMVU, 方差一致最小无偏估计简称Unbiased estimate, 无偏估计Unconstrained nonlinear regression , 无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number, 不等次级组含量Ungrouped data, 不分组资料Uniform coordinate, 均匀坐标Uniform distribution, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate, 方差一致最小无偏估计Unit, 单元Unordered categories, 无序分类Upper limit, 上限Upward rank, 升秩Vague concept, 模糊概念Validity, 有效性VARCOMP (Variance component estimation), 方差元素估计Variability, 变异性Variable, 变量Variance, 方差Variation, 变异Varimax orthogonal rotation, 方差最大正交旋转Volume of distribution, 容积W test, W检验Weibull distribution, 威布尔分布Weight, 权数Weighted Chi-square test, 加权卡方检验/Cochran检验Weighted linear regression method, 加权直线回归Weighted mean, 加权平均数Weighted mean square, 加权平均方差Weighted sum of square, 加权平方和Weighting coefficient, 权重系数Weighting method, 加权法W-estimation, W估计量W-estimation of location, 位置W估计量Width, 宽度Wilcoxon paired test, 威斯康星配对法/配对符号秩和检验Wild point, 野点/狂点Wild value, 野值/狂值Winsorized mean, 缩尾均值Withdraw, 失访Youden''s index, 尤登指数Z test, Z检验Zero correlation, 零相关Z-transformation, Z变换。
量表编制中的SPSS应用
类别性测量
低高
-
个别题目
(类别次数)
名义或 顺序
连续性测量
1. Likert 2. Thurston 3. Guttman 4. 语意差别 5. 强迫选择
中 高 高 总加法(连续分数)
等距
高 高 高 等距法(连续分数)
比率
高 高 高 累积法(连续分数)
比率
中 高 高 总加法(连续分数)
等距
中 高 高 总加法(连续分数)
量表编制理论及SPSS应用
17
其它量表格式（3）
形容词评定技术
问题: 创意的广告人特质? 对于一个具有创意的广告工作者，你
认为下列人格特质的重要性为何?
1. 热情的 2. 理性的 3. 外向的 4. 冷静的 5. 有耐心的
1 非常不重要 2 不重要 3 重要 4 非常重要
1234
1234
1234
符号系统的表现形式
度量化(scaling)：以数字的形式去呈现某个属性的数量 (quantities)。
分类(classification)：以分类的模式，去界定被观察对 象的某个属性或特质是属于何种类型。
2020/2/12
量表编制理论及SPSS应用
3变量的类型 测来自的基础：变异 变量(与常数相对)
内部一致性系数（coefficient of internal consistency）
反映测量工具内部同质性、一致性或稳定度。同质性越高，代 表量表试题是在测量相同的特质。KR20适用于二值记分的测量， Cronbach’s α适用于多值记分的测量。
评分者间信度（inter-rater reliability）
信度的数学原理
结构方程模型包含的变量类型有
结构方程模型包含的变量类型有
1. 观测变量（Observed Variables）：也称为指标变量或测量变量，是直接可观察到的变量，一般通过问卷调查、实验等方式进行测量得到。
观测变量通常用来表示研究对象的特定特征或属性。
2. 隐变量（Latent Variables）：也被称为构念变量或潜在变量，
是无法直接观测到的变量，而是通过观测变量的测量结果来间接反映。
隐
变量一般表示一种概念、理论或构念，比如心理状态、态度、信念等。
隐
变量在结构方程模型中起到连接观测变量的作用，并用来衡量不可观测的
概念。
3. 外生变量（Exogenous Variables）：又称为自变量或解释变量，
是影响其他变量但不受其他变量影响的变量。
外生变量在结构方程模型中
一般表示研究者可以控制的因素，用来解释或预测其他变量的变化。
4. 内生变量（Endogenous Variables）：又称为因变量或被解释变量，是受其他变量影响的变量。
内生变量在结构方程模型中一般表示被解
释或被预测的变量，其变化由模型中其他变量的变化所引起。
5. 测量误差（Measurement Error）：在结构方程模型中，观测变量
的测量结果往往存在误差，即与其真实值之间存在差异。
测量误差表示了
观测变量测量过程中的不确定性或偏差。
通过结构方程模型，可以通过路径系数或标准化回归系数等指标来描
述隐变量和观测变量之间的关系，并基于模型进行因果推断、路径分析等
统计推断。
结构方程模型在社会科学、心理学、经济学等领域被广泛应用，可用于建立和验证理论模型、检验复杂关系等。
分类变量和连续变量的统计方法
分类变量和连续变量的统计方法英文回答：Classification variables and continuous variables are two types of variables commonly encountered in statistics. Each type requires different statistical methods for analysis.Classification variables, also known as categorical variables, are variables that can be divided into distinct categories or groups. Examples of classification variables include gender (male or female), education level (high school, college, or graduate), and marital status (single, married, divorced). These variables are qualitative in nature and cannot be measured on a numerical scale.When analyzing classification variables, the most common statistical method is to calculate frequencies and percentages for each category. This helps to understand the distribution of the variable and identify any patterns ortrends. Bar charts or pie charts are often used to visually represent the data. Additionally, statistical tests such as chi-square test can be used to determine if there is a significant association between the classification variable and another variable of interest.On the other hand, continuous variables are variables that can take any value within a certain range. Examples of continuous variables include age, height, weight, and income. These variables are quantitative in nature and can be measured on a numerical scale.When analyzing continuous variables, statistical methods such as measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and measures of dispersion (range, variance, standard deviation) are commonly used. These measures provide information about the average value and variability of the variable. Histograms, box plots, and scatter plots are often used to visualize the distribution of the data. Additionally, statistical tests such as t-tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used to compare the means of different groups or assess the relationship between thecontinuous variable and other variables.In summary, classification variables and continuous variables require different statistical methods for analysis. Classification variables are analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and chi-square tests, while continuous variables are analyzed using measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, and various statistical tests. Understanding the nature of the variable is crucialin selecting the appropriate statistical method for analysis.中文回答：分类变量和连续变量是统计学中常见的两种变量类型。
Continuous Variables (2,3) Threshold Quantum Secret Sharing Schemes
a r X i v :q u a n t -p h /0210188v 1 28 O c t 2002Continuous Variables (2,3)Threshold Quantum Secret Sharing SchemesAndrew nce,1Thomas Symul,1Warwick P.Bowen,1Tom´a ˇs Tyc,2,3Barry C.Sanders,2and Ping Koy Lam 11Quantum Optics Group,Department of Physics,Faculty of Science,Australian National University,ACT 0200,Australia2Department of Physics and the Centre for Advanced Computing -Algorithms and Cryptography,Macquarie University,Sydney,NSW 2109,Australia 3Institute of Theoretical Physics,Masaryk University,61137Brno,Czech Republic(Dated:February 1,2008)We present two experimental schemes to perform continuous variable (2,3)threshold quantum secret sharing on the quadratures amplitudes of bright light beams.Both schemes require a pair of entangled light beams.The first scheme utilizes two phase sensitive optical amplifiers,whilst the second uses an electro-optic feedforward loop for the reconstruction of the secret.We examine the efficacy of quantum secret sharing in terms of fidelity,as well as the signal transfer coefficients and the conditional variances of the reconstructed output state.We show that both schemes in the ideal case yield perfect secret reconstruction.PACS numbers:03.67.Dd,42.50.Dv,42.50.Lv,42.65.YjI.INTRODUCTIONQuantum secret sharing (QSS)has attracted a lot of atten-tion recently as an important primitive for protecting quantum information.QSS,originally proposed as a means to protect classical information using laws of quantum physics [1],has developed into a general theory describing a secure transmis-sion of quantum information to a group of parties (players),not all of whom can be trusted.The collaboration of the play-ers is essential in order to recover the quantum information.This general approach to QSS is the quantum analogue of classical secret sharing [2].A QSS protocol involves a dealer who holds a secret state (quantum information)|ψin ,encodes it into an entangled state |Ψ over n quantum sub-systems (shares)and distributes the shares to n players.The encoding is done in such a way that only specified subsets of the players (the access structure)are able to extract the secret while all other subsets (forming the adversary structure)are unable to learn anything about it.The reconstruction of the secret by the collaborating players is then achieved by applying a suitable joint unitary operation on their shares,which disentangles one share from all the others and yields the secret state.Among QSS protocols,there is an important class of so-called (k,n )threshold schemes [3],in which the access struc-ture consists of all groups of k or more players while there are n players in total.This makes the protocol “fair”in the sense that no player is favored among others.The simplest threshold scheme is the (2,2)scheme where there are only two players and both have to collaborate to retrieve the secret.The im-plementation of this scheme is,in general,very simple.The dealer only needs to interfere the quantum secret on a beam splitter with a noisy beam,each player receiving one of the outputs.It is impossible to obtain any information about the secret state through operations on either share independently due to the contamination of the noisy beam.The secret can be perfectly reconstructed,however,if the players co-operate by interfering their shares on another 1:1beam splitter.A continuous variable (2,3)QSS threshold schemes has been proposed by Tyc and Sanders [4].This scheme useselectromagnetic field modes,and employs interferometers for both the encoding and decoding of the secret.In this paper,we extend the original proposal by Tyc and Sanders and introduce another more practical scheme that utilizes an electro-optic feedforward technique.We consider the secret to be encoded on the sideband frequency quadrature amplitudes of a light beam.Ideally the dealer would employ a perfectly entangled pair of beams.This is in practice impossible,however,im-provement over classical schemes can still be achieved with finite amounts of entanglement.Moreover we will show that the introduction of classical noise by the dealer can further improve the QSS scheme.We compare and quantify the per-formances of both schemes in terms of available input entan-glement using two measures.We use the fidelity between in-put and output states as a figure of merit.We also characterize QSS in terms of the signal transfer coefficients and the con-ditional variances of both conjugate quadrature amplitudes of the secret.The paper is organized in the following manner.In Sec-tion II we present the dealer protocol to generate three shares.We outline,in Section III,the central role of the optical para-metric processes in the QSS schemes.We then present the two secret sharing schemes in Section IV and characterize these schemes in Section V.II.(2,3)THRESHOLD SCHEMEFIG.1:Dealer protocol for the production of three shares in a (2,3)threshold QSS scheme.2Figure 1shows the dealerprotocol of a (2,3)threshold QSS scheme as proposed by Tyc and Sanders [4].The dealer em-ploys a pair of entangled beams to encode the secret by inter-fering one of them with the secret state on a 1:1beam splitter.We let ˆa ψ,ˆa EPR1and ˆa EPR2denote the annihilation operators corresponding to the secret and the two entangled beams,re-spectively.The linearized expression for the annihilation op-erator is given by ˆa (t )=α+δˆa (t )where αand δˆa (t )denote the steady state component and zero mean value fluctuations of the annihilation operator,respectively.The amplitude andphase quadrature operators are denoted as ˆX +=ˆa †+ˆa and ˆX −=ı ˆa †−ˆa,whilst the variance of these operators is ex-pressed in the frequency domain as V ±(ω)= [δˆX±(ω)]2 .The annihilation operators corresponding to the three shares are then given byˆa 1=ˆa ψ+ˆa EPR12(1)ˆa 2=ˆa ψ−ˆa EPR12(2)ˆa 3=ˆa EPR2(3)Similar to the (2,2)secret sharing scheme discussed earlier,players 1and 2(henceforth denoted by {1,2})only need to complete a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with the use of a 1:1beam splitter to retrieve the secret state.The output beams of the Mach-Zehnder are described byˆa ′1=ˆa 1+ˆa 22=ˆa ψ(4)ˆa ′2=ˆa 1−ˆa 22=ˆa EPR1(5)Eq.(4)clearly shows that the the secret is perfectly recon-structed.In contrast,secret reconstructions for {2,3}or {1,3}require more complex protocols.The paper now focuses on experimental alternatives for the implementation of this re-construction process.III.OPTICAL PARAMETRIC GAIN ANDENTANGLEMENTOne of the important element for QSS is the optical para-metric down conversion process.In this process a pump pho-ton is converted into a pair of twin photons following the sim-ple scheme: ωpump → ωs + ωi ,where the signal and idler modes are denoted ωs and ωi ,respectively.A.Type II systemThis down conversion can be achieved in a bulk Type II sec-ond order non-linear crystal in a traveling wave configuration.By treating the pump as a classical beam,we find the input-output relations for the signal and idler annihilation operators to be [6]ˆa s,out =ˆa s,in cosh r +ˆa †i,in sinh r(6)ˆa i,out =ˆa i,in cosh r +ˆa †s,in sinh r(7)where ˆa s and ˆa i are the annihilation operators of the signaland the idler modes,respectively.The interaction parameter is r =γt ,where γis proportional to the pump field amplitude and the second order susceptibility coefficient of the crystal.By choosing ˆa p and ˆa q to be the ±45o polarized modes de-fined by ˆa p,q =(ˆa s ±ˆa i )/√G 0ˆX +p,in(10)ˆX −p,out =1G 0ˆX −p,in(11)B.Type I systemAnother way of performing the optical parametric downconversion process is by using a Type I crystal.Optical para-metric oscillators (OPO)operating below threshold can ex-hibit phase sensitive amplification [7].We assume the OPO is a simple Fabry-Perot cavity with a second order non-linear gain medium.The equations of motion for a general OPO cavity are given by˙a =γˆa −κˆa +√2κf ˆA f +√2κb ˆA †b + 2κl ˆδAl †(13)where ˆAf and ˆA b are the inputs into the front and back mirrors and ˆδAl is a vacuum fluctuation term due to loss in the cavity.κ=κf +κb +κl is the total cavity damping rate,where κf ,κb and κl are the damping rates of the front and back mirrors and the loss in the cavity respectively.The output from the OPA expressed in terms of an input ˆAf can be derived from Eq.(12)and Eq.(13).By setting κb =0and κl =0,so that no vacuum fluctuation couple into the cavity,the output field quadratures from the OPA expressed in the frequency domain areX +out (ω)=κf −iω+γiω+κ+γX −f (ω)(15)where the general operator Z =Z (ω)is the Fourier transformof the time operator ˆZ=ˆZ (t ).By assuming the frequency issmall such that ω≪κf ,the output field quadratures can be expressed more succinctly asX +out =√√G =(κf +γ)/(κf −γ).Theamount of gain is dependent on the pump power,and on the relative phase between the pump and input beams.In the am-plification regime phase squeezed light is produced,whilst in the deamplification regime amplitude squeezed light is pro-duced.C.Production of entangled beamsFor Type II systems,the signal and idleroutput modes gen-erated by a single PSA,as defined in Eq.(6)and (7),exhibit quadrature entanglement [8,9].Since the two modes are or-thogonally polarized,the entangled beams can be spatially separated using a polarizing beam splitter.Whilst for Type I systems,quadrature entangled beams can be produced by interfering a pair of squeezed beams produced by two OPAs on a 1:1beam splitter [10].The output beams from the beam splitter also will exhibit quadrature entanglement.The entanglement between the X +and X −quadratures of the output modes in both systems can be characterized by us-ing the inseparability criterion proposed by Duan et al.[11].For symmetric inputs,Duan’s inseparability criterion is given by(δX +s +δX +i )2 + (δX −s −δX −i )2 <2(18)where subscripts s and i denote the two entangled beams.Since (δX +s+δX +i )2 = (δX −s −δX −i )2 =1/cosh 2r for both configurations,the beams show quadrature entangle-ment when r >0(Where r is the squeezing parameter of the input beams for Type I,or the interaction parameter for Type II).IV .PROPOSED EXPERIMENTAL SETUPSIn this section,we analyze how {2,3}can reconstruct the secret sent by the dealer.The method described here can also be applied unchanged to {1,3},and so we will not cite explic-itly this case in the following paragraphs.First,one can remark that by performing homodyne mea-surement on ˆa 2and ˆa 3,and then by combining their resultswith a well chosen gain,{2,3}can get a measure of the am-plitude or the phase of the secret,but they can not measure both at the same time.This scheme can be used for practi-cal applications which require only classical information of a single quadrature to be transfered between the dealer and the players.Since the secret is not reconstructed,nor quantum in-formation of both quadratures transferred,this protocol does not qualify as QSS.Let us now concentrate on schemes which effectively re-construct both the amplitude and phase of the secret at the same time.A.The 2PSA schemeThis scheme follows the original idea of Tyc and Sanders[4].To reconstruct the secret using two PSAs,{2,3}first com-bine ˆa 2and ˆa 3on a 1:1beam splitter,producing two beamsˆa and ˆb ,as depicted in Fig.2.They pass each of these beams though separate PSAs,denoted by PSA a and PSA b respec-tively.Both the PSAs are adjusted so that the output of PSA a is amplified in the X +quadrature and deamplified in the X −quadrature whilst the PSA b output is deamplified in the X +quadrature and amplified in the X −quadrature.The gain of both PSAs is assumed to be equal.The final step required for reconstruction of the secret is to combine both PSA out-puts on another 1:1beam splitter.We denote these outputs asˆa out 1and ˆaout 2.FIG.2:Reconstruction of secret for {2,3}using the 2PSA scheme.The PSAs can be used in both configurations discussed inSection III.We find the output quadrature amplitudes for both configurations to be of the formX ±out 1=12X ±ψ √√√sqrt 2(19)It is obvious that if output 1is used to construct the secret,thenoutput 2will in the limit of perfect QSS contain no relevant information.We will therefore not analyse output 2.For the Type II configuration,the α±and β±parameters are depen-dent on the interaction parameters of the parametric processα±=√√2cosh r −1G1√G 12cosh r −1√2sinh r +12cosh r X ±i,in(21)For the Type I configuration,they are dependent on the amount of squeezing of both squeezed state inputs.We there-fore obtainα±=X∓sqz1G(−1∓√G(−1±√√2)+√2)(23)In the case of perfect entanglement(i.e.r→∞),setting the parametric gain toG=√√2X+sqz2(26)X−out1=X−ψ−√√√√√√√Since X +sqz1,2≪1in the limit of large squeezing.We note that the 2/3reflective beam splitter ensures that the phase quadrature of the secret is already faithfully reconstructed in X −b .By measuring the amplitude fluctuations X +c and ap-plying them to X +b ,it is possible to eliminate the remaininganti-squeezed fluctuations,X −sqz1,2,and the classical ampli-tude noise X +m on the same beam.This can be done sim-ply by directly detecting beam ˆc and then electro-optically feeding the detected signal to the amplitude of beam ˆb with the right gain.Due to optical losses,however,better ef-ficiency can be achieved by divorcing the modulators from beam ˆb as shown in Fig.3.Instead the detected signal from beam ˆc is encoded off line on a strong local oscillator beam,a LO .The signal on the local oscillator can then be mixedback onto beam ˆb using a highly reflective beam splitter as shown in Fig.3.The resulting output quadratures are given by X ±out =√ǫX ±LO .In the limit of high beam splitter reflectivity,ǫ→0,we obtainX +out ≃X +b +K (ω)δI X −out ≃X −b(35)where K (ω)is a gain transfer function which takes into ac-count the response of the electro-optic feedforward circuit andthe loss due to the HR beam splitter.δI is the detected pho-tocurrent of the amplitude quadrature fluctuations of beam ˆc given byδI =√23√√√2δX +m +δX +ψ + √√2√√22 δX +sqz 1+δX +sqz 2+GηδX +d+23−G 6δX +m(37)δX −out=3δX −ψ+ 3δX +sqz 1−δX +sqz 2(38)where G =ηK (ω) X +c is the total gain of the feedforward loop.By setting G =2√3δX +ψ(39)δX −out =13δX −ψ(40)Hence {2,3}can reproduce a symplectically transformed ver-sion of the secret,ˆa ψ.We note that since symplectic transfor-mations are local unitary operation,no quantum information contained in the secret state is lost.Thus,the feedforward scheme works equally well when compared with the 2PSA scheme in terms of quantum information transfer.In order to reconstruct the quantum state of the secret,however,a single PSA is required on the output beam.Even so,the feedfor-ward scheme is still technically less demanding than the 2PSA scheme introduced in the earlier section.In the next section,we will introduce experimental measures to characterize both QSS schemes.V .CHARACTERIZATIONIn teleportation experiments fidelity ,F = ψin |ρout |ψin ,is conventionally used to quantify the efficacy of a teleporter [14].Fidelity can also be adopted to characterize QSS as it is a protocol that reconstructs input quantum states at a distance.If we assume that all input noise sources are Gaussian and that the secret is a coherent state,the fidelity of a QSS scheme is given by [15]F =2e −(k ++k −)(V +ψ+V +out )(V −ψ+V −out )(41)where k ±= X ±ψ 2(1− X ±ψ / X ±out )2/(4V ±ψ+4V ±out ).As-suming an ideal detector (η=1),we obtain from the analysis of Section IV the theoretical limits of fidelity for the 2PSA scheme as a function of squeezingF {1,2}=1(42)F {1,3}=F {2,3}=1construction of secret only requires a simple Mach-Zehnder. In the limit of perfect entanglement,r→∞,thefidelity of Eq.(43)also approaches unity.In the case of the feedforward QSS scheme,however,we obtainF{1,2}=1(44) F{1,3}=F{2,3}=e−Γ (2+e−2r)(2+3e−2r)(45) whereΓis dependent on the quadratures of the secret, X±ψ , and the squeezing of the input states r,and is given byΓ=2−√12 X+ψ 21(2+e−2r)(46)Equation(45)does not tend to unity even in the limit of infi-nite input squeezing.In fact,it quickly degrades to zero for finite squeezing and large secret sideband modulations.The reason for this is due to the symplectically transformed secret output stateˆa out.We point out,however,that no information is lost.Indeed{2,3}can locally transform the output to get back the original secret state via a single parametric process. Thefidelity given in Eq.(45)after the parametric correction then becomes equal to that of Eq.(43).An alternative measure that is invariant to symplectic trans-formations is the T-V graph proposed by Ralph and Lam[16], and used to characterize quantum teleportation[15].This graph plots the product of the conditional variances of both conjugate observables V q=V+cv.V−cv against the sum of the signal transfer coefficients T q=T++T−.Here the condi-tional variances are given byV±cv=V±out+| δX±ψδX±out |SNR±ψ(48)In contrast tofidelity which measures the quality of the state reconstruction,the T-V graph emphasizes the transfer of quan-tum information[15].In an ideal QSS scheme,collaborating players would obtain T q=2and V q=0.Using these measures,the collaborating players using the 2PSA scheme can obtainT q=21+2e−2r +(1+G2)2√2−√2 2e−2r+ 2−G2 2e2s+3G2(1−η)18 9G2e−2r+e2r(G−2√2)2+12G21−ηformation the single players(SP),i.e.the adversary structures, can learn about the secret if they were to measure their sharesdirectly.In this situation,T SPq and V SPqfor the single playersare found to beT SP q =24(54)Figure4shows the results of the feedforward QSS schemefor three different amounts of input squeezing.The dotted lines represent the results obtained by{2,3}in the absence of added classical noise when feedforward gain is varied.Thestar points represent the maximum information retrievable by {1}or{2}alone in the corresponding situations.Results for the addition of classical noise,20dB above the quantum noise limit,are depicted by solid lines for the collaborating play-ers and by circles for the single players.In the limit of infi-nite input squeezing,the collaborating players can reconstructthe secret perfectly,with T CPq→2and V CP q→0.This is achieved with an optimum,feedforward gain of G=2√2as shown in both Fig.4(a)and(b).Further,sin-gle players forming the adversary structures can obtain some quantum information about the secret.When the amount of input squeezing less than42%,single players obtain more quantum information than the access structures using the feed-forward protocol.In this situation,the collaborating play-ers should directly measure their shares containing the secret. The classical limit obtained when there is no input squeezingand no added classical noise is then T SPq =T CPq=1andV SP q =V CPq=1/4,as shown by the star point of Fig.4(a).In order to prevent the single players from obtaining in-formation about the secret,the dealer can introduce phasequadrature noise on both input amplitude squeezed beams. The phase noise translates to added noise in both the ampli-tude and phase quadratures of the entangled beams,δX±m.For large modulations,say20dB above the quantum noise limit,the single players obtain virtually no information about thesecret,thus making T SPq→0and V SP q→∞even in the ab-sence of input squeezing.Collaborating players on the other hand,obtain a zero squeezing classical limit of T CPq→2/3and V CPq→4.Another consequence of the added classical noise for the collaborating players is that the optimum gain for maximum information transfer again approaches2√clas,¯n quan,nAdversary(0,∞)(0,∞)2(1,1/4)(0,∞)(0,∞)(0,∞)Access(2,0)(2,0){1,3}(1,1/4)(2,0)(2/3,4)(2,0)10,2233(1993).[7]m,T.C.Ralph,B.C.Buchler,D.E.McClelland,H-A.Bachor,and J.Gao.,J.Opt.B1,469(1999).[8]M.Reid,Phys.Rev.A40,913(1989).[9]K.Bencheikh,T.Symul,A.Jankovic,and J.A.Levenson,J.ofMod.Opt.48,1903(2001).[10]Z.Y.Ou,S.F.Pereira,H.J.Kimble,and K.C.Peng,Phys.Rev.Lett.68,3663(1992).[11]L-M.Duan et al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.84,2722(2000).[12]m,T.C.Ralph,E.H.Huntington and H-A.Bachor,Phys.Rev.Lett.79,1471(1997);T.C.Ralph,Phys.Rev.A 56,4187(1997);E.H.Huntington,m,T.C.Ralph,D.E.McClelland and H-A.Bachor,Opt.Lett.23,540(1998).[13]B.C.Buchler,m,and T.C.Ralph,Phys.Rev.A60,4943(1999).[14]A.Furusawa et al.,Science282,706(1998).[15]W.P.Bowen,N.Treps,B.C.Buchler,R.Schnabel,T.C.Ralph,H-A.Bachor,T.Symul and m,quant-ph/0207179. [16]T.C.Ralph,m and R.E.S.Polkinghorne,J.Opt.B1,483(1999).[17]In this paper,a2:1beam splitter ratio is adopted for the analysisof the secret reconstruction between{2,3}for all situations.We note that in general,both the beam splitter ratio and the feedfor-ward gain can be optimised depending on the amount of input entanglement.。
英汉对照计量经济学术语
计量经济学术语A校正R2（Adjusted R-Squared）：多元回归分析中拟合优度的量度，在估计误差的方差时对添加的解释变量用一个自由度来调整。
对立假设（Alternative Hypothesis）：检验虚拟假设时的相对假设。
AR（1）序列相关（AR(1) Serial Correlation）：时间序列回归模型中的误差遵循AR（1）模型。
渐近置信区间（Asymptotic Confidence Interval）：大样本容量下近似成立的置信区间。
渐近正态性（Asymptotic Normality）：适当正态化后样本分布收敛到标准正态分布的估计量。
渐近性质（Asymptotic Properties）：当样本容量无限增长时适用的估计量和检验统计量性质。
渐近标准误（Asymptotic Standard Error）：大样本下生效的标准误。
渐近t 统计量（Asymptotic t Statistic）：大样本下近似服从标准正态分布的t 统计量。
渐近方差（Asymptotic Variance）：为了获得渐近标准正态分布，我们必须用以除估计量的平方值。
渐近有效（Asymptotically Efficient）：对于服从渐近正态分布的一致性估计量，有最小渐近方差的估计量。
渐近不相关（Asymptotically Uncorrelated）：时间序列过程中，随着两个时点上的随机变量的时间间隔增加，它们之间的相关趋于零。
衰减偏误（Attenuation Bias）：总是朝向零的估计量偏误，因而有衰减偏误的估计量的期望值小于参数的绝对值。
自回归条件异方差性（Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, ARCH）：动态异方差性模型，即给定过去信息，误差项的方差线性依赖于过去的误差的平方。
一阶自回归过程[AR（1）]（Autoregressive Process of Order One [AR(1)]）：一个时间序列模型，其当前值线性依赖于最近的值加上一个无法预测的扰动。
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We develop a frequency-tunable two-color continuous variable entangled state and demonstrate the entanglement distribution over a telecom single mode fiber. One beam of the entangled state (795 nm) can be continuously tuned over a range of 2.4 GHz and the hyperfine transitions of a rubidium D1 line are measured based on saturated absorption spectroscopy. The other beam (1560 nm) is injected into a 5-km single mode fiber to distribute the entanglement, and the entanglement evolution between the transmitted beam and its entangled counterpart is investigated. The system presented here will find potential applications in long-distance quantum information processing.
The experimental setup is sketched in Fig. 1. A 526.5-nm single frequency laser was employed to pump a ring nonlinear resonator from two opposite directions. The ring entangler is in a bow tie configuration consisting of two spherical mirrors and two plane mirrors. A 20-mm-long periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) was used as the nonlinear medium. In the forward direction, the nonlinear resonator operated as an above-threshold optical parametric oscillator (OPO) at a pump level approximately 1.2 times the oscillation threshold. The generated twin beams have three purposes: acting as local oscillator (LO) for homodyne detection, providing the 1560 nm seed field for the backward optical parametric amplifier (OPA), which is pumped below (0.6 times) the threshold, and supplying the 795 nm beam for wavelength tuning based on saturated absorption spectroscopy.
During the past few years, great progress has been seen on the generation of squeezed light at atomic wavelengths and telecom wavelengths, respectively. Squeezed light resonating with the rubidium (Rb) D1 line[2−7] or the cesium D2 line[8−11] has been obtained. Based on the atomic ensemble consisting of alkaline atoms, the quantum memories of squeezed vacuum and even a two-mode squeezed state were successfully demonstrated.[12−14] Squeezed light was also generated at the telecom band around 1.5 µm.[15−19] On the other hand, the two-color quantum entangled state at 0.8 and 1.5 µm has attracted particular interest recentlyl;[20−29] such entangled states can be utilized to make a connection between an alkaline-atom quantum memory device and a quantum communication device based on telecom optical fibers. In this Let-
CHIN. PHYS. LETT. Vol. 30, No. 6 (2013) 060302
Continuous Variable Entanglement Distribution for Long-Distance Quantum Communication *
ZHAO Jun-Jun(赵军军), GUO Xiao-Min(郭晓敏), WANG Xu-Yang(王旭阳), WANG Ning(王宁), LI Yong-Min(李永民)**, PENG Kun-Chi(彭堃墀)
(phase quadrature sum) noise power spectrum between down-converted fields at 795 and 1560 nm is recorded by using homodyne detection and a spectrum analyzer. The frequency tuning of the 795 nm beam to the hyperfine transitions of the Rb D1 line is performed as follows. Firstly, the oscillating wavelength of the 795 nm signal light was tuned coarsely within ±0.01 nm from the target wavelength by varying the temperature of the PPKTP crystal (the temperature tuning coefficient is about 0.2 nm per degree centigrade). Next, the signal wavelength was mode-hop tuned with a step size of one OPO free spectrum range (FSR, 950 MHz) by scanning the OPO cavity length at the fixed temperature (the overall mode-hop tuning range is approximately 0.2 nm when the cavity length varies half of the pump wavelength). During the above two steps the signal wavelength was monitored using a high-resolution wavelength meter. Once the signal wavelength falls within one FSR from the target wavelength, the OPO cavity length was actively locked to the selected signal-idler mode pair. Then, the saturated absorption spectrum was recorded by smooth scanning the signal frequency which was achieved by continuously tuning the pump laser. It is stressed here that the continuous tuning range of the 795 nm light field should be larger than the step size of the modehop tuning to ensure full wavelength coverage.
**Corresponding author. Email: yongmin@ © 2013 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd
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