沪教版6A牛津英语期末知识点整理

目录
第一部分：课文要点回首 (2)
Unit 1 Family and relatives (2)
Unit 2 I have a good friend (3)
Unit 3 Spending a day out together (5)
Unit 4 What would you like to be? (6)
Unit 5 Open day (7)
Unit 6 Going to school (8)
Unit 7 Rules round us (9)
Unit 8 The food we eat (10)
Unit 9 Picnics are fun (11)
Unit 10 Healthy eating (12)
第二部分：上海牛津英语6A 短语总汇 (13)
第三部分：改写句子常考整理 (16)
第四部分：语法点索引 (18)
1、疑问词 (18)
2、必背不行数名词 (21)
3、神态动词 (21)
4、不定代词 (22)
5、介词 (23)
6、时态 (25)
第一部分：课文要点回首
Unit 1 Family and relatives
1. This is my grandfather. 这是我的（外）祖父。

These are my family and relatives. 这些是我的家人和亲戚。

注意句中各成分保持单复数同形。

2.I?m their son.. 我是他们的儿子。

We’re their sons.我们是他们的儿子。

3.sth. from sb. 某物来自某人。

This is a birthday card from my friend. 这是一张来自我朋友的诞辰卡片。

4. Happy birthday to sb. 祝某人诞辰快乐。

5. one of your family members你的家庭成员之一。

6. How many uncles do you have? 你有多少个叔叔？one of 后边应接可数名词的复数形式。

How many后边接可数名词的复数形
式。

7.talk about sth. 讨论对于某事。

8.What do you do with your ?你和你的干什么？
9.What else do you do with your ?你和你的还干什么？
With 是个介词，后边接人称代词时，要用宾格的形式。

With me/him/her/it/us /them
10. cousin=uncle or aunt?s children
11. always/sometimes/usually 是频度副词，发问应当要用How often?
Unit 2 I have a good friend
1. always/sometimes/usually/never 是频度副词 .在句中的地点是：放内行为动词的前方，放在
be 动词的后边。

也能够说“行前系后”。

She is always kind. 她老是很和善的。

She always helps other people.她老是帮助其余人。

2. They like to be together. 他们喜爱在一同。

like to do sth.=like doing sth. 喜爱做某事
He likes to play football.=He likes playing football.他喜爱踢足球。

3. She can?t read or write. 她既不会读也不会写。

or 用在否认句中表平列关系。

and 用在必定句中表平列关系。

She can read and write.她既会读又会写。

4.help each other 相互帮助
5.other people=others 其余人
6.be kind to sb. 对某人很友善
7. tell a lie = tell lies谎话
8. share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物
She shares her bread with me .她把她的面包分给了我。

9.in the USA 在美国 USA 要大写。

10.for the first time 第一次
11. on Saturday 详细的某一天介词用on
12. Have you been to..yet?你去过 ..吗？
Yes, I have already/just been to./beenthere.是的，我已经去过了。

No, I haven?t been to/been there yet.不，还没有去过。

already/just 用于必定句中。

yet 用于否认和疑问句中。

13. look after = take care of 照料
keep 后接Friends of the Earth help keep the environment clean. 地球的朋友帮助保持环境洁净。

形容词，保持一种什么样的状态。

keep healthy. 保持健康。

14. pick up 拣起
15. put into 把放进里面
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事
They tell people not to leave rubbish. 他们告诉人们要乱扔垃圾。

16. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
help sb. do sth.= help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
She helps me with my English. 她在我的英语方面帮助我。

Friends of the Earth help keep the environment clean. 地球的朋友帮助保持环境洁净。

17.promise to do sth. 承诺做某事
Promise not to do sth. 承诺不做某事
I promise to reuse shopping bags. 我承诺再利用购物袋。

I promise not to leave rubbish. 我乱扔垃圾。

..怎么样？后接名词。

18.what about =how about 用于提出建议，表示“ What
about a trip to Ocean Park?
Unit 3 Spending a day out together
1.at weekends= at the weekend 在周末
2.near/ far away from 离 .近 /远 near 后直接接地址名词
3. Where have you been in .?你去了 .哪个地方？I have been to .in /on我去了. Where have you been in Shanghai?你到过上海哪里？
I have been to Century Park in Shanghai. 我到过上海的世纪公园。

4. in Sunny Town/in Moon Town/in Spring Bay在阳光城/月亮城/春季湾。

5.on Lucky Island 在好运岛
6.a photo of my brother and me 一张我哥和我的照片。

a photo of 后接人称代词时，应当用宾格形式 a photo of me/him/her/it/us /them
7.be +V-ing 表此刻进行时
8.cost 以物作主语，往常是问价钱
Take 以 it 作主语。

往常是花销时间
It takes me 15 minutes to go to school.
Spend 以人作主语，既能够是花销金钱，也能够是花销时间。

Spend time/money on sth.
spend time/money in doing sth.
I spend two yuan on this pen.=I spend two yuan in buying this pen.
总结以下：
花销时间 /金钱
sb spend sm/st (in)doing sth
sb spend sm/st on sth
sb pay sm for sth
sth cost sb sm
it takes sb st to do sth
9.Which place shall we visit? 我们将参加哪个地方？
10.When are we going to come back? 我们将什么时候回来？Come back 回来 Be
going to 表未来 begoing to=will
11.How are we going to get there? 我们将如何抵达哪里？
How 对交通工具进行发问。

回答能够用by bus/ car / on foot
12.How much does it cost? 它花销多少钱？
How much 对价钱发问
13.How about = what about 怎么样？
14.a.m./p.m.分别表示上午和下午。

Unit 4 What would you like to be?
1. would like to do sth. 想要做某事 = want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
2. Would you like to be a/an ?你想要成为一个.
Yes, I would./No, I wouldn?t. 是的，我想。

/不，我不想。

3. Why / Why not? 为何？ /为何不？
I would like to be a/an.because 我想..成为 .，由于 .
I wouldn?t like to be a/an.because 我不想成为.，由于 .
4.She wants to find out if he likes his job. 她想要查出能否他喜爱他的工作。

If 在这里解说成“能否”
5.What is your job?=What job do you do? 你是干什么的？
6.sick people病人。

不可以用ill people 来表示病人。

7.put out 息灭
8.in the morning/in the afternoon/in the evening At noon/ at night
9.What would you like to be? 你想成为何？
I would( , d) like to be a/an .我想成为 .
Unit 5 Open day
1.1arrive at / arrive in / reach / get to抵达
arrive at 后接小地方arrive in 后接大地方
I arrive at school at 7:15. He will arrive in Shanghai at two o?clock. reach是个及物动词，后边直接接地址名词I reach school at 7:15.I get to school at 7:15.
2.will / be going to都是用来表未来的，他们后边应当接动词的原形。

will是个神态动词，没有人称的变化.
He will arrive in Shanghai at two o?clock.I will meet them at the entrance. Your parents will arriv e at two o?clock. 可是 be going to 有人称的变化 .
He is going to go fishing tomorrow. I am going to go fishing tomorrow. They are going to go fishi ng tomorrow.
3.look at 看； see 看见；listen to 听； hear 听见
4.at the entrance在进口处enter 进入（动词）
in the hall/in the Music room /in classroom6A/in the Arts and Crafts room
5.详细的某一天介词只好用on
On Sunday, On Sunday morning,On the Open Day
6.在具体的某一楼层只能用介词 on ，并且第几层还要用序数词 On the ground floor, on the first floor, on the fifteenth floor
7. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事= would like to do sth. 想要做某事 I
want you to read English everyday. 我想要你们每日都读英语。

8.i n the same place / in different places
9. First,/Next,/Then/Afterthat,/Finally,
Finally=at last =in the end
10.take photos 摄影
11.invite 邀请（动词） invitation 邀请（名词） Invite sb to sp 邀请某人去某地
She invites me to her birthday party. 她邀请我去她的诞辰晚会。

12. on the tenth of September / on September tenth ９月 10 日
13. two fifteen= a quarter past two2:15
Three ten = ten past three3:10
One thirty = half past one1:30
two forty = twenty to three2:40
14. have a great / good time 玩得高兴，过的快乐
15． Parent = father or mother parents = father and mother
Unit 6 Going to school
1. near 离很近后边直接接地址
I live near school.=My home is near school. 我家离学校很近。

2. far away from=far from离很远
He lives far away from school.=His home is far from school.他家离学校很远3. by bus/bike/car/underground/train/ferry
其余的交通工具都能用 take 来表示乘，但 bike 只好用 ride take
a bus/bike/car/underground/train/ferry ride a bike
He goes to school by bus.=He takes a bus to school.
He goes to school by bike.=He rides his/a bike to school.=He cycles to school.
4. on foot
She goes to work on foot every day.=She walks to work every day.
5. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花销某人多少时间做某事。

It takes me about fifteen minutes to go to school.我去学校要花销15 分钟。

6. half an hour=30 minutes 用了 half an hour 后边就不可以再有minutes。

7. travelling time to school去学校的旅途时间
8. How long does it take you to get to 它花销你多长时间抵达
9. get to “抵达”表示“抵达那边”只好说
10. on one?s way to在某人去某地的路上
get there
On my way to school在我去学校的路上
11.some / a lot of 既可修饰可数名词又能够修饰不行数名词。

当与可数名词连用时，只好与
可数名词的复数形式连用
12. a few 只好修饰可数名词，与可数名词的复数形式连用 a little只好修饰不行数名词
13.on the bus 在公共汽车上
on the underground 在地铁上
I see a lot of trees when I am on the bus.在公共汽车上的时候，我看见了很多树。

When在本句中作连词，意为“当的时候”
14. one and a half hours=one hour and a half一个半小时One hour and twenty minutes一小时二十分钟
Unit 7 Rules round us
1. in the library/in the classroom/in the park on the road在路上
2.We must not walk on the grass. 我们不可以够踩在草
上。

We must keep quiet. 我们一定保持寂静。

must 意为“一定”表示很重要或必需。

must not 意为“严禁” ，表示不赞同或严禁must 是个神态动词，后边接动词原形。

3.aross the road 穿过马路
4. wait for 等候
5.We mustn?t eat or drink.
or 用于否认句中表示“并列”。

and 用于必定句中表示“并列”。

6.Don?t talk loudly.=We mustn?t talk loudly.
Don?t 不得，不要。

该句为祈使句的否认形式。

Don?t 后边接动词原形。

talk loudly 副词修饰动词
7.What does this sign mean?这个标记意味着什么？
What does this sign mean?=what is the meaning of this sign?
8.Where can we find it? 我们在哪里能找到它？
9.Which door must we use? 我们一定要使用哪一扇门？
神态动词的一般疑问句就是把神态动词提早，后边照抄。

句号改为问号。

Must we wait for the green man?
10.the one on the left/right 左侧 /右侧的这个the one in the middle 中间的这个
假如是介词短语修饰the one，应当要放在the one 后边
假如是形容词应放the one 的中间 the left/right one the middle one
12.be late for school 迟到
13.find out 查出，弄清
talk about sb./sth. 讨论对于某人/某事。

14.talk to sb. 对某人说，跟某人谈话。

15. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事
It tells us to keep quiet. 它告诉我们要保持寂静。

It tells us not to talk loundly.它告诉我们不要高声说话。

Unit 8 The food we eat
1. for breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
What would you like for dinner tonight?今日晚餐你们想吃什么？for 在这里表目的，用途
2.?d=would ?d 是 would 的缩写形式。

would like sth.=want sth. 想要某物
would like to do sth.=would love to do sth.=want to do sth.想要做某事
like sth. 喜爱某物like to do sth./like doing sth. 喜爱做某事
I would like some apples. 我想要一些苹果。

I like apples. 我喜爱苹果。

I would like to swim after school.下学后我想去游泳。

I like swimming.=I like to swim.我喜爱游泳。

3.steamed eggs (with meat)（肉）炖蛋
baked potato 烤土豆 boiled eggs 水煮蛋 fried eggs 炒蛋
在这里 steamed/ baked /boiled /fried 都是动词的过去分词形式，在句中做定语。

相当于形容词
的用法。

I would like fried eggs for dinner tonight. 我晚餐想要吃炒蛋。

I fried eggs yesterday.我昨天炒了蛋。

4.Would you like rice or noodles for dinner tonight?你晚餐是想吃饭仍是吃面条？
or 在这里是标示一种选择关系。

5.What kind of soup/fruit would you like?你想要哪一种汤/水果？
6.I would also like some soup.=I would like some soup, too.
also，too 两个都能够表示“也” ， also 用在句中，可是too 用在句尾，并且要用逗号分开。

7.need to do sth.需要做某事。

We need to buy some food first. 我们需要先买一些食品。

8.shopping list 购物单。

Shopping 动词的 ing 形式在句中充任定语。

9.favourite=like best 最喜爱的
10.Let?s have tomato.让我们有西红柿。

Let 后边接动词原形。

11.in the market / in the supermarket 在市场 /在商场
12.at the fish/fruit/meatstall 在鱼 / 水果 /肉摊位
13.in the fish/fruit/meat section在鱼/水果 /肉部门
in the market ， at the fish/fruit/meat stall
in the supermarket ， in the fish/fruit/meat section
14.A:Have you bought any garlic?你买了一些大蒜吗？
B: Yes, I have bought some garlic./ Yes, I have. 是的，我买了些大蒜。

这是个此刻达成时，bought 是 buy 的过去分词 .
此刻达成时的组成是：have/has +动词的过去分词。

它的回答应当用have/has。

Has she bought some oranges? Yes, she has.
15.How much was it?=How much did it cost?= What was the price of it?它多少钱。

Price 是“价钱”的意思。

Unit 9 Picnics are fun
1.Shall we have a picnic tomorrow?=Let?s have a picnic tomorrow.
明日我们野餐怎么样？/我们明日去野餐吧！
Shall we？/ Let?s用于提出建议。

Shall 是个神态动词，后边接动词原形。

Let?s 后边也是接动词原形。

2.That?s a good idea.那是个不错的想法。

3.Would you like some snacks?
No, thanks. I don?t want any . I want some fruit. Some
用在必定句中，any 用于否认和疑问句中。

Would you like some snacks? 用 some 是希望获得对方必定的回答。

4.a bottle of jam 一瓶果酱。

Jam 不行数名词。

5.a packet of nuts 一袋坚果
6.a bag of ice 一袋冰
7. Why do you like?你为何喜爱？I like because我喜爱是由于
用 Why 发问时，回答时应当用because，反之亦然。

8..tasty=delicious=yummy美味的，爽口的。

9 like ---dislike一对反义词dislike=don?t like
10 Let?s buy some jam to spread on the bread.让我们买些果酱，把它涂在面包上。

to 在这里表目的，用途。

11.Have you got enough money?=Do you have enough money? 你有足够的钱吗？
enough：足够的
12.A:May I have some ,please? B: Ok. Here you are./Sorry. I haven?t got any.
May I ？用于提出恳求。

回答时，表示赞同，常用Ok 。

/Sure./All right./Yes, you may.表示拒绝时，常用No, you may not./ I?m afraid you can?t. 并且 may not 不可以用缩写的形式。

13.A:Would you like some ? B: Yes, please./No, thanks.
接受他人的恳求时，应说Yes, please.；拒绝他人时，应说No, thanks.
Unit 10 Healthy eating
1.It shows us how much of each kind of food we need every day. 它显示了我们每日需要多少种
各样食品。

2.show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.向某人展现某物
He shows his new photo to me.=He shows me his new photo. 他把他的新照片给我看了。

3. We need a little fat, salt and sugar. 我们需要一点脂肪、盐和糖。

need sth.需要某物
4. a little修饰不行数名词
some/plenty of /a lot of 既可修饰可数名词也能够修饰不行数名词。

5.a lot of ＞ plenty of ＞ some
6.How much ...do we need ? 我们需要多少 ... ...？
7. He had an unhealthy diet and did no exercise. 他有个不健康的饮食，并且不做运动。

Exercise 不行数名词。

8. in the city/in the countyside=in the country
9. fit=healthy healthy----unhealthy一对反义词health 名词健康healthy----unhealthy形容词
10.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner 吃早餐 /午餐 / 晚餐
11.What do you usually have for breakfast/lunch/dinner? 你往常早餐 /午餐 /晚餐吃什么？
12.healthier than 比 ---- 健康 less healthy than 比 ---- 不健康
as healthy as像----一样的健康as unhealthy as 像 ---- 一样的不健康than用于比较级中 as... as用于原级比较
13. both neither
用于必定句中，表示“二者都”用
于否认句中，表示“二者都不”
Both diets were healthy.
Neither diet was healthy.One the other..一个 ----
另一个 ----
One was healthy and the other was unhealthy.
14.Here is a quiz about eating habits. 这是一个对于饮食习惯的测试。

15.I should drink a lot of water every day. I should not eat too much spicy food. 我每日都应当喝大批的水，我不该当吃太多的辛辣食品。

Should 是神态动词，意为“应当”should not 则表示“不该当”
16.too much 修饰不行数名词too many 修饰可数名词
后来应当接动词原形。

第二部分：上海牛津英语6A 短语总汇
Module 1
1. a family tree
2.see my family
3.live in the same flat
4. in a new block
5.in Rose Garden Estate
6. go to the same school
7.family members8.an old woman
9. introduce your family10.have a good friend
11.be both eleven years old12.live in the same housing estate
13.in different blocks14.play together
15.after school16.after class
17.after work18.play with their dogs
19.play volleyball20.play the violin
21.play with a ball22.play with snow
23.play computer games24.play cards
25.play chess26. a heavy rain
27.walk to school together28.help each other
29.share our lunch30.at the weekend/at weekends
31.on weekdays32.like each other
33.ride our bicycles34.skate and cycle
35.go skating36.go cycling
37.dress up38.from the fourteenth floor
39.have a picnic40.see some birds
41.see a fountain42.a picnic area
43.a football pitch44.visit City Park
45.get to46.walk to
47.the Space Museum48.the Star Ferry
49.go to the aviary50.welcome to
51.be quiet52.walk in quietly
53.sing loudly54.eat a nut
55.swim slowly56.walk into the aviary
57.take photographs for sb.58.take photographs of sb.
59.have soft hair60.thinner and lighter
61.take it everywhere62.too dear
63.a holiday plan64.get there
65.walk out e into
67.look for68.a nutty cake
69.That?sright.70.take the underground
1.drive a fire-engine
2. put out fires
3.like to help people
4.fly a spacecraft
5.fly an aeroplane
6.grow food
7.make sick people better8.sell things to people
9.cook food for people10.catch fish
11.bring food to people12.help make Garden City a safe place
13.want to be a pilot14.have 30 floors
15.live in Block 116.live in Flat C
17.live on the ninth floor18.live on the top floor
19.live at Flat 18B, Block 2, Rose Garden Estate, Garden City
20.on the right of him
21.on the left of the supermarket22.in front of the mountain
23.in the front of the classroom24.his telephone number
25.an address26.the tallest block
27.be crowded with traffic28.a busy street
29.a lot of people30.move along slowly
31.in big traffic jams32.live near a street
33.a lot of traffic34.leave my flat at half past seven
35.the nearest underground station36.get off the underground at Prince Station 37.get on a bus38.sit on the bus for ten minutes
39.get off at the bus-stop at Rose Garden Road40.walk to my school
41.get there at eight o?clock42.go to school on foot
43.cross the road44.walk across the road
45.the way we cross the road46.at the traffic lights
47.see the green light48.at a zebra crossing
49.walk quickly50.look right
51.on my way to school52.on my way home
53.on my way to the supermarket54.wait on the pavement
55.walk across the zebra crossing quickly56.park your car here
57.turn right58.turn left at the first crossing
59.be never late60.only five minutes by bus
61.move into a new housing estate62.live with us
63.tennis courts64.the Li family
65.turn right66.show round/around
1.buy some fruit for sb./buy sb. some fruit
2.in the fridge
3.need some tea
4.the meat section
5.the drinks section
6.a small carton of milk
7.a large can of meat8.a large bottle of orange juice
9.two large packets of sweets10.three small bars of chocolate
11.four large bags of rice12.seven slices of ham
13.four pieces of cheese14.a big bowl of fruit
15.the pancakes my mum makes16.my favourite food for breakfast/lunch ually have for breakfast/lunch/dinner 18.have toast and jam
19.choose the food you like20.work hard at school
21.a lot of fruit22.plenty of vegetables
23.a little cheese and yoghurt24.drink a lot of soft drinks
25.too many sweets and crisps26.too much ice-cream
27.be good/bad for28.a good/bad diet
29.on the shelf30.nice strawberry yoghurts
31.wash your hands32.on a plate
33.in the bowl34.too little meat
35.not enough e/be from
37.put the mixture in a tin38.mix the butter, sugar and eggs with a spoon 39.put the mixture in the oven for 25 minutes40.make the cake with butter 41.at Rainbow Supermarket42.the cheapest and the dearest
43.like peeling the y the table
45.get ready for a picnic46.at Sunshine Cafe
47.read the menu48.get some things ready
49.special offer50.some lemonade
51.some biscuits and sweets52.on the shopping list
e on54. the snacks section
55.dairy products56.tomatoes and potatoes
57.best of all58.onions and lettuces
59.favourite drink60.cereal and sandwiches
61.cut into two pieces62.mix the flour
63. the steak from Canada64.too many sausages
第三部分：改写句子常考整理
So+adj./adv. that,
too+adj./adv. to do
enough +adj./adv. to do
So+adj./adv. (for sb) that,
too+adj./adv. (for sb) to do
enough +adj./adv. (for sb) to do
so that+
in order to+do
so as to+do
too to → so that not
so that→ enough to do
so that→ in order to / so as to
both, neither, either
用于二者词义做主语：与of 连用或独立使用both二者都Both of +复数谓语
neither二者都不Neither of+单数谓语
either二者之一 ; 或许或Either of +单数谓语
者
做主语：其余用法both and +复数谓语Neither nor +就近谓语either or +就近谓语
用于二者做定语修饰名词做同位语做宾语：与of 连用或其余用法
独立使用
both Both+ 复数名词放在实义动词前，系动放在动词或介词短语
词、神态动词、助动词以后
后
neither Neither+ 单数名同上Neither 用于倒装词句
Neither+ 动词 + 主
语.
either Either+单数名词同上否认句尾“也”
not,not,either → neither nor
,, too → both and
常考三： If 主将从现
If 指引的条件状语从句，用主将从现if假如
不单并且；也
Both and
Not only but also
Too
Also
常考四：花销时间/金钱
1、 sb spend sm/st (in)doing sth
2、 sb spend sm/st on sth
3、 sb pay sm for sth
4、5、6、sth cost sb sm
it takes sb st to do sth sb purchase sth for sm
赞同词组：
fall asleep = go to sleep入眠
all over = here and there 遍布，各处
look after = take care of照料
no longer = not any longer不再
be interested in 对感兴趣
enjoy oneself = have a good time
arrive in / at a place = get to a place = reach a place at last = in the end = finally
第四部分：语法点索引
1、疑问词
以 what, where, when, hoe old, how many 等开头的特别疑问句的用法; answers1能娴熟地应付how, what, why 等特别疑问句，并发挥想象力，表达自己的感想6
1）、 what 以及 what 短语
what什么— What’ s your name?— My name is Tom. What colour什么颜色— What colour is your coat?— It ’ s red.
What day礼拜几— What day is it today? — It ’ s Monday.
What date几月几天— What date is it today? — It ’ s the first of June. What shape什么形状— What shape is the moon? — It ’ s round. What time几点钟— What time is it? — It ’ s ten o ’ clock.
What kind of问种类— what kind of food did you have in the morning? What job什么工作— What’ s your father’—sHejob?’s a bus driver.
(问工作 )— what job does your father do?
— what does your father do?
— what’s your father?
What for为了什么— what do you do this for?
— To succeed
= why do you do this?
How about问状况 /怎么样—I ’m thirstyHow. about you? — Me, too.
what about
What else其余什么What else do you do with your aunt?
2）、 how 以及 how 短语
How如何问方式
对副词、 by+doing/n.等提
问
How many多少
How many times多少次问次数
How many +n.s多少
How much多少/多少钱
How old多大/多少岁
How far多远，问距离
How often问频次
对频次副词，表频次的词组
发问
How soon问多久
对 in+ 一段时间发问
How long多长时间
对以下内容发问：
since+时间点
since+时间段 +ago
since+过去时从句
for+ 时间段
How fast问速度
How about问状况 /怎么样
what about — How do you go to school? — By bus.
— How many books are there? — There are five.— How many times have you been there?
How many uncles do you have?
— How much is it? — Twenty yuan.
— How old are you? — I ’ m twelve.
— How far is it from here? — It ’abouts one kilometer.
— How often do you go to visit your relatives?— Once a month.
— How soon will you come back home?
— In a week.
— How long have you been here?
— For about three years.
Since 2010
Since three years ago.
Since I graduated.
— How fast can you run? 你能跑多快？
— I can run a mile in nine minutes. 我九分钟能够跑一英里。

—I ’m thirstyHow. about you? —Me, too.
3）、其余类
when什么时候— When is your birthday? — It ’ s on the first of May. which哪一个— Which is your watch, this one or that one? — That one. where哪里— Where is my pen? — It ’ s on the floor.
who谁— Who is the boy with big eyes? — He’ s Liu Tao. whose谁的— Whose bag is this? — It ’ s Helen ’ s.
Whom谁（宾格）Whom
why为何— Why are you absent today? — I ’ m ill.
2、必背不行数名词
必背不行数名词：news, paper, advice, bread, information, furniture, fun, luck, meat, weather, work, homework, housework, money, rice, harm, knowledge, luggage, tea, traffic,
travel ink
， grass,
3、神态动词
本学期学习的神态动词主要有would/may/must/should/shall
常用神态动词概括
必定形式否认形式含义注意事项
can 能够can ’t不可以够，不
行表能力或对件事情对于 can’t 表不行能的用法要留能发生的可能性的否意，如： He can’tbe at home now
定because he went to Beijing.
may 可能may not 可能不表猜想（不确立）在一般疑问句中， can 与 may 通
常能与 I 连用来征采对方建议，
如： Can/May I have a look at your
book?
must 必须 /mustn t’不赞同表猜想（确立）；当 must 意为一定时，其否认
必定
needn ’t不需要表义务往常为 needn ’t不需要；
当 must 意为一准时，其否认
形式往常为 can’t不行能。

can’t 不行能mustn t’往常独自使用，表示对某种行为的严禁，常有于
法律条则、规章制度中。

would 愿意wouldn ’t不肯意表表示向常用语 would like to do sth 的句
型中，表征采对方建议。

如，
Would you like to have a coffee? shall shall not征采对方建议常与在一般疑问句中与I 搭配使
用，表示征采对方建议。

如，Shall
I have a rest?
should 应当shouldn ’t不该当表义务语气弱于 must ，经过是表达自己
的看法，以为对方应当做什么。

need 需要needn ’t不需要表需求need 除了是神态动词外，还可以作
为实义动词，意义不变，但用法
不同样。

need to do sth.
4、不定代词
不定代词的形式：
不定代词词义复合形式说明
some 一些（可数或不something 某物、某事
一般用于必定句可数）someone 某人 somebody 某人
any 一些，任何（可anything 任何事物
多用于否认句，疑问句或条件状语从句中数或不行数）anyone 任何人 =anybody
no没有，无
nothing 无物修饰可数或不行数名词，复合形式只拥有nobody 无人 no one 无一人名词的作用
every每个，全部的everything 每一个事物，全部
重申共性，词义和all 邻近everyone 每人 =everybody
all全体、全部的这里表示这里表取代或修饰可数名词时，指两个以上的人或物，也可取代或修饰不行数名词。

each每个这里表示这里表重申个性，指两个或两个以上的人或物。

few极少（可数）这里表示这里表表示否认
a few一些，几个（可）这里表示这里表表示否认
little极少（不行数）这里表示这里表表示否认
a little一些（不行数）这里表示这里表表示否认
many好多（可数）这里表示这里表_______
much好多（不行数）这里表示这里表_______
both两个，二者都这里表示这里表仅指两个人或物
neither没有人或物这里表示这里表仅指两个人或物
none没有人或物这里表示这里表指两个以上的人或物，当指可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数都能够。

either每个这里表示这里表重申个性，指两个或两个以上的人或物。

other(s)另一个 (些 )这里表示这里表_______
another另一个，又一个这里表示这里表相当于 an other
one一个 (人或物 )这里表示这里表one 的复数形式是 ones
5、介词
1.表示时间的介词
1）掌握 at, in ,on 作介词表时间时的用法2
at 往常用于：
切实地时间： at 3:20
用餐时间： at lunchtime
表示在一段节日时期: at Christmas
固定词组搭配 : at night, at midnight, at noon, at dawn, at this time, at this moment,
at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of, at the age of ,等。

on 往常用于：
on the evening of 3 rd, Dec. ，on Sunday afternoon
确立某天的某段时间：
礼拜： on monday
切实日期 : on May 1st
节日当日： on New Years Day, on Teachers’ Day
有修饰部分的早中晚：on a fine morning ； on Sunday afternoon;
in 往常用于：
一天中的某段时间：
in the morning,
大体的月份：in January,
年份： in 1989
季节： in summer,
世纪： in the 20th century, in the 1950s
特定的年纪段in one’ s thirties， in one’ s life
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词以前一律不用介词。

如：We meet every day.时间名词前介词用法口诀
年前周前要用in
详细日子要用on
碰到几号也用on
上午下午得是in
要说某日上下午
用 on 换 in 记清楚
子夜傍晚用at
拂晓用它也不错
at 用在时分前
说“差”可要用上to
说" 过 ''要用 past
2.
1)at ,in, on, to for
at (1); (2) “”in (1); (2)“”on“”
to “”
2)above, over, on
above,
over, under,over below
on
The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk.
6、时态
初中英语主要的 5 种时态基本构造
一、一般此刻时：
基本构造：①主语+ be 动词 + 其余；②主语+ 行为动词 + 其余
否认形式：①主语+ am/is/are + not + 其余；
②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，主语为第三人称单数，
则用 doesn't，同时复原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①把be 动词放于句首；
②用助动词 do 发问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does，同时复原行为动词。

一般此刻时态标记词：
often, usually, always, every day/week/month/year, sometimes, seldom，once a week, twice a week, on Sundays 等。

二、一般过去时：
基本构造：①主语+ be 动词 + 其余；②主语+ 行为动词 + 其余
否认形式：①主语+ was/were + not + 其余；②内行为动词前加didn't ，同时复原行为动词。

一般疑问句：① was 或 were 放于句首；②用助动词do 的过去式 did 发问，同时复原行为动词。

一般过去时的标记词:
yesterday 或由其组成的短语。

比如：yesterday morning;
由 "last+ 时间 "组成的短语 , 比如： last year;
由 " 时间段 +ago"组成的短语 , 比如： three days ago;
由“ in+ 过去时间点”组成的短语，比如：in 2012
此外 ,还有 on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.
【注意】 ,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.
三、此刻进行时：
基本构造：主语+ am/is/are + doing +其余 .
否认形式：主语+ am/is/are + not + doing +其余 .
一般疑问句：把be 动词放于句首。

此刻进行时的标记：
1.句中有副词now 时，，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用此刻进行时。

比如：
The children are playing football now.孩子们此刻正在踢足球。

2.句首有 look, listen提示注意时，提示我们动作正在进行，这时要用此刻进行时。

比如：
Look! A train is coming.看！火车来了。

Listen! He is reading.听！他正在朗诵。

3.句首有表示钟点的时间时，提示动作正在进行，这时要用此刻进行时。

比如：
It ’ s six o’ clock. My mother is cooking breakfast此刻.六点了，我妈妈正在做早餐。

4.依据语境或上下文理解，假如是动作正在进行，这时要用此刻进行时。

比如：
Don’ t make noise. The baby issleeping. 不要吵，婴儿正在睡觉。