课时作业11：Reading and Thinking—Comprehending

Reading and Thinking—Comprehending
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When we were very small，we realized that having friends was important.Some of us even had imaginary(想象中的) friends.The need for friends continues as we grow into our teens.Friends play a big part in forming our personalities.As adults，it is still important for us to have friends.
True friends are people who like us though we make mistakes and who listen to us and tell us the truth.Friends support our decisions and tell us when we’re foolish.They laugh with us and share our sadness.They are our partners and share interests with us.They stimulate us when we are feeling down.They are people to whom we aren’t afraid of telling our secret wishes or what is really on our minds.
Friends are our supporters.When you can depend on friends，you feel safe and warm.Friends offer acceptance and emotional(情感的) support.At times，they also help with our everyday lives，cooking a meal，doing chores，or giving us a lift when we need one.Friends also are there to offer advice，an ear to listen，or a shoulder to cry on.
Friends also help us reduce stress.Not only do they listen to us when we feel stressed，but they also discuss what is stressing us.Sharing interests and doing activities with friends help us forget about problems at work or at home.For a short time，we can lose ourselves in a pleasant activity and perhaps laugh and breathe more easily.
1．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How to Reduce Stress
B．How to Make New Friends
C．The Importance of Friends
D．The Qualities of Good Friends
答案C
解析标题归纳题。

通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了朋友在人们生活中的作用，所以选项C“The Importance of Friends(朋友的重要性)”适合作本文的标题。

故选C项。

2．The underlined word “stimulate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “”．A．educate B．encourage
C．surprise D．dislike
答案B
解析词义猜测题。

根据画线词所在的句子的后半句“when we are feeling down(当我们情绪低落时)”可知，在我们情绪低落的时候作为朋友应该是“鼓励”我们。

故选B项。

3．We can learn from the passage that .
A．people should make friends anytime
B．friends are people who allow you to cry
C．a friend helps you in many ways
D．good friends are always difficult to meet
答案C
解析推理判断题。

根据全文内容可知，选项C“a friend helps you in many ways(朋友在很多方面能帮助你)”符合题意。

故选C项。

B
You may not know a lot of people when you start high school.Even if you know some freshmen，you still feel nervous that you don’t know any upperclassmen or teachers.How are you going to make friends among this sea of unknown faces?
Most high schools hold a freshman orientation before school actually starts，which is helpful not only because you can know your way around the building and get to meet some of your teachers，but also because you get to meet fellow freshmen.That way，when you show up on your first day of school，you may already recognise a few familiar faces.When you talk to your new classmates，you’ll probably find that a lot of them are feeling just like you are.They’re all new to the school and don’t know what to expect.Talking about a common concern with them can help you develop friendships.
The work in high school is something that freshmen are probably worried about.The work in high school builds on what you learnt in middle school，giving you a more advanced knowledge of many subjects.So you may find you have more work to do or that it’s a bit more challenging.If you ever find your work too difficult，teachers can give you extra help.
High school also has more extra-curricular activities than middle school does such as clubs，music and theatre groups and sports teams.This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things.
High school gives you the chance to learn how to manage your time，to develop your social skills and interests，and more importantly to be more independent and responsible.
4．What does the underlined word “orientation” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Training. B．Game.
C．Discussion. D．Examination.
答案A
解析词义猜测题。

根据文章第二段第一句可知，freshman orientation可以帮助你了解校园，认识老师和同学，由此可知它类似于新生培训大会。

故orientation指的是培训，与training“培训”的意思一致。

故选A项。

5．What are freshmen probably worried about?
A．The freshman orientation.
B．The ability to make friends.
C．The relationship with teachers.
D．The learning task.
答案D
解析细节理解题。

根据文章第三段第一句“The work in high school is something that freshmen are probably worried about.”可知，高中的学业是新生们很可能会担心的一方面。

故选D项。

6．Extra-curricular activities mainly help students .
A．build up healthy bodies
B．develop friendships
C．develop the interests
D．improve their learning ability
答案C
解析细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第二段“High school also has more extra-curricular...to explore your interests and try new things.”可知，高中的课外活动是让你培养自己的兴趣爱好和尝试新事物的好机会。

故选C项。

7．Who is this passage written for?
A．Freshmen at high school.
B．Freshmen’s parents.
C．Middle school students.
D．Upperclassmen in high school.
答案A
解析推理判断题。

根据文章内容可知，本文主要从新生培训大会、认识新同学、高中学业和课外活动等方面向新生介绍了高中生活，再结合第一段的“You may not know a lot of people when you start high school.”可推知，此篇文章是针对高中的新生写的。

故选A项。

C
If you’ve ever had trouble getting your teen up in the morning or you’ve seen your teen fall asleep during the school day，you’re not alone.Many teens have difficulty in waking up early for school，and that’s because they sleep late at night.
The American Academy of Pediatrics’ Adolescent Sleep Working Group reviewed studies about sleep in teens.Researchers studied the harmful effects of not getting enough sleep—anything less than 8.5 to 9 hours of sleep on school nights—on young people.They discovered not getting enough sleep may cause poor grades at school.Not getting enough sleep has also been connected to a higher risk of car accidents in teens.
It may seem as though the way to solve the problem would be for teens to just go to sleep earlier.But researchers say that isn’t likely to work.Teens experience physical changes that make falling asleep earlier difficult.Their biological(生物的) clocks just won’t allow them to fall asleep at 8 p．m.，even when they’re tired.
Studies have shown that just delaying(推迟) school by 30 minutes can have a great effect on a teen’s health and performance.So most researchers suggest the school start time be delayed until at least 8∶30 a．m.for teenagers.
Some of the benefits could include：
·Teens may be more likely to get the necessary amount of sleep.
·The delayed start time could help teens sleep during their natural sleep.
·Teens may be less likely to depend on coffee to stay awake during the day.
·Enough sleep could help teens study better in class，which could help them do better in exams.·Sleeping longer could reduce health problems caused by a lack of sleep in the long run.
·Getting home later in the afternoon may reduce the amount of time some teens spend alone at home，and may reduce the possibility that teens will take part in unhealthy activities.
But doing that can also cause some problems.
8．What does Paragraph 1 show?
A．Many teens find school too boring.
B．Many teens fail to get enough sleep.
C．Today’s teens have many difficulties.
D．Today’s teens are too lazy to get up early.
答案B
解析推理判断题。

根据文章第一段中“Many teens have difficulty in waking up early for
school，and that’s because they sleep late at night.”可知，第一段说明了许多青少年睡眠不足。

故选B项。

9．What do researchers of the Adolescent Sleep Working Group find?
A．Today’s teens have poor grades at school.
B．Teens should get at least 8.5 hours of sleep daily.
C．Today’s teens are in danger because of car accidents.
D．Teens can be negatively influenced by not getting enough sleep.
答案D
解析细节理解题。

根据文章第二段中“They discovered not getting enough sleep may cause poor grades at school.Not getting enough sleep has also been connected to a higher risk of car accidents in teens.”可知，青少年睡眠工作组的研究人员发现了青少年可能会受到睡眠不足的负面影响。

故选D项。

10．Why can’t teens fall asleep earlier?
A．Because their homework is too much.
B．Because they love staying up late at night.
C．Because their physical changes make it hard.
D．Because they have unbalanced biological clocks.
答案C
解析细节理解题。

根据文章第三段中“Teens experience physical changes that make falling asleep earlier difficult.Their biological(生物的) clocks just won’t allow them to fall asleep at 8 p．m.，even when they’re tired.”可知，因为青少年的生理变化使他们很难早睡。

故选C项。

11．What would the text most probably talk about next?
A．The disadvantages of starting school later.
B．The benefits of getting enough sleep for students.
C．The methods of helping students get enough sleep.
D．The advantages of putting off the school start time.
答案A
解析推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段“But doing that can also cause some problems.”以及第四段中“So most researchers suggest the school start time be delayed until at least 8∶30 a．m.for teenagers.”可知，文章接下来最可能讨论晚点上学的缺点。

故选A项。

Ⅱ.七选五
Being first in your class is a goal that you can work toward，but you must set it for yourself from the first day of high school. 1
Read beyond assigned reading.Following your course outline and doing all of your assigned
reading are important.But to pull ahead to first rank，you also need to read books that can provide that extra information you need. 2 Prepare an extra credit report based on what you learn.
3 Don’t just physically sit in the chair.Be a part of group discussions，and volunteer for extra projects and teams.Take leadership roles whenever they’re offered.If the class has a debating team，take part in it often and come prepared with notes and references for every debate.
Ask for help when you see you need it.Balancing different classes and assignments can make it difficult to keep up in every subject.If you feel that you are having trouble grasping certain topics，don’t struggle until your grades begin to slip.Turn to the teachers if necessary. 4 Show an interest in your classmates.Your teacher will notice.
Ask your teacher for extra credit assignments，particularly if you receive a disappointing grade in a subject.Don’t merely accept the mark.Do everything you can to raise it.
Stay physically fit. 5 Eat well，drink lots of water and get plenty of sleep.Spend time outdoors and away from your studies.But be disciplined.Schedule a study period for each day and stick to it.
A．Finish your homework in time.
B．Participate in teamwork in class.
C．Get plenty of exercise either through team or individual activities.
D．Try these tips along your way to help you get that first rank in your class.
E．Concentrate on what your teacher explains so that you can grasp the main points. F．Similarly，if you do well in a subject，tell your teacher you’re available to help others. G．If you’re studying World War Ⅱ，for instance，read biographies of the important players.
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，就如何成为班级的第一名提出了几点建议。

1.答案D
解析根据空前的“Being first in your class...of high school.”及下文列举的几条建议可知，此处应填一个起承上启下作用的句子，故D项“在(向着这个目标前进的)途中尝试这些建议来帮助你成为班级的第一名”符合语境。

故选D。

2．答案G
解析根据本段的主旨句“Read beyond assigned reading.”可知，本段主要讲的是要阅读老师布置的阅读材料之外的东西，再结合空处前后的内容可知，G项“例如，如果你正在研究第二次世界大战，就去读一读(战争的)重要参与者的自传”符合语境。

故选G。

3．答案B
解析根据下文中的“Be a part of group discussions，...，take part in it”可知，本段主要讲的是关于参与班级的集体活动方面的内容，故B项“在课堂中参与团队合作”符合语境。

故选B。

4．答案F
解析根据本段的主旨句“Ask for help when you see you need it.”及下文中的“Show an interest in your classmates.Your teacher will notice.”可知，空处内容应是与帮助同学有关，故F项“同样地，如果你某门功课学得好，告诉你的老师你可以帮助其他人”符合语境。

故选F。

5．答案C
解析根据本段的主旨句“Stay physically fit.”可知，本段主要讲的是要保持身体健康。

再结合下文中的“Eat well，drink lots of water and get plenty of sleep.Spend time outdoors”可知，此处说的应是体育锻炼。

故选C。