考研英语用真题解析定语从句

合集下载

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文f

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文1. If you feel awkward being humorous , you must practice so that it becomes more natural . Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remark which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner .结构：•条件状语从句：If you [主] feel [谓] awkward being humorous [宾] ,•you [主] must practice [谓]•目的状语从句：so that it [主] becomes [谓] more natural [宾].•Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remark [主]•定语从句：which you [主] can deliver [谓] in a relaxed and unforced manner [宾]单词：Casual a.随便的非正式的临时的偶然的Off-the-cuff a.即兴的Deliver vt.交付发表Manner n.方式词组：So that 为了解析：•if引导条件状语从句•So that引导目的状语从句•which引导定语从句修饰remark，句子中不做成分直译：如果表达幽默时你感到尴尬，那么为了变得更加自然你必须进行练习。

包括用轻松的和随意的方式表达一些偶然的和明显即兴的评论译文：如果你不擅长应用幽默，你就必须练习，以便你的幽默显得更加自然。

内容包括一些随意的，显然是即兴的话语，你能够以轻松，自然的方式将他们说出来重点：•So that 为了•if引导条件状语从句•So that引导目的状语从句•which引导定语从句修饰remark，句子中不做成分2. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile , so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark .结构：•Often it’s [主+谓] the delivery [宾]•定语从句：which [主] causes [谓] the audience to smile [宾] ,•目的状语从句：so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look [主] may help [谓] to show •宾语从句：that you [主] are making [谓] a light-hearted remark [宾]单词：Delivery n.演讲方式递交Light-heart 轻松的解析：•Which引导定语从句，修饰delivery，在句子中作主语•That 引导宾语从句，作remember的宾语•That 引导宾语从句，作show的宾语直译：通常，让听众笑起来的是表达方式，所以，要说的慢点和记得扬起眉毛或者用不可思议的表情，这样能帮助展现出你正在轻松的做评论译文：通常是说话的方式使听众发笑，所以，说的慢一些，并且记住眉毛上扬或者露出一副难以置信的表情，这有助于表明你在做轻松的评论重点：•Which引导定语从句，修饰delivery，在句子中作主语•That 引导宾语从句，作remember的宾语•That 引导宾语从句，作show的宾语3. Look for the humor . It often comes from the unexpected .结构：Look for the humor .It [主] often comes from [谓] the unexpected [宾].词组：Come from 来自直译：寻找幽默，幽默通常来自意外译文：去追寻幽默吧，它常常来自意料之外4. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed , give up ”ora play on words or on situation . Search for exaggeration and understatements .结构：• A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed , give up ”or a play on words or on situation .•Search for exaggeration and understatements .单词：Twist n.转折扭曲Exaggeration n.夸张Understatement n.轻描淡写的描述不充分的描述低调的描述词组：Give up 放弃Give in 屈服投降Search for 寻找探索Play on 有意利用解析：•Or 连接三个并列句直译：在熟知谚语上使用转折，比如“如果你起初没有成功，那么就放弃吧”或者刻意利用文字或者情景。

历年考研《英语》真题长难句解析

1. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parlia mentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.【译文】经过6个月争论和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州政府)成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局。

【析句】句子的主体结构是Australia's Northern Territory becam e the first legal authority。

句首成分After six months of arguing an d final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates是作状语的介词词组，动词不定式to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patien ts who wish to die相当于定语从句which allows doctors to take th e lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die，修饰the first lega l authority。

【讲词】to take the life of sb和to take sb’s life意思是“结束某人的生命”。

A car bombing took the life of a 61-year-old man.(汽车炸弹夺去了一位61岁老头的生命。

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文p

结构：
•The most obvious example［主］is［系］late-stage cancer care［表］.
•Physicians［宾］插入语：frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and
fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer［谓］aggressive treatment far beyond［宾］
•宾语从句:what住］is scientifically justified［谓］单词:
Cancer n.癌症Scientifically ad.科学地
词组：
Late-stage a.晚期的解析：
•两个破折号之间是插入语，截断了主语和谓语what引导宾语从句，做介词beyond的宾语
直译：最明显的例子就是晚期癌症的治疗。医生——由于对治疗疾病无能为力而沮丧，以及害怕病人失去希望——经常提供大胆的，和远远超过科学合理的治疗方法译文：最明显的例子便是晚期癌症的护理。医生——由于不能治愈这种疾病而感到沮丧，同时又担心病人失去希望——经常采用大胆的医疗方法，这些方法远不符合科学标准
重点：
•that引导定语从句，修饰everythingEven if引导让步状语从句
2.The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care . Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified .

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文w

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace ? ”asks Martin Bercovici , a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers .结构：•“Do we [主] really want [谓] railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace [宾]? ”asks Martin Bercovici , a Washington lawyer•定语从句：who [主] frequently represents [谓] shippers [宾]单词：Arbiter n.独裁者主宰者仲裁人Frequently ad.经常地解析：•who引导定语从句，修饰lawyer，句子中做主语直译：”我们真的想让铁路企业成为决定市场中谁赢，谁输的主宰者吗？“，一个经常代表托运商的华盛顿律师马丁问道译文：经常代表托运商的华盛顿律师马丁贝尔科维奇律师问道：”难道我们真的要让铁路公司成为决定市场上谁兴谁衰的仲裁人吗？“重点：•who引导定语从句，修饰lawyer，句子中做主语2. Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increase . The railroad industry as a whole , despite its brightening fortunes , still does not earn enough to cover the cost of capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic .结构：•Many captive shippers [主] also worry [谓]•宾语从句：they [主] will soon be hit [谓] with a round of huge rate increase .•The railroad industry as a whole [主]•插入语：, despite its brightening fortunes ,•still does not earn enough [谓] to cover the cost of capital [宾] it [主] must invest [谓] to keep up with its surging traffic [宾]单词：Round n.连续事件Despite 尽管Brighten vt.照亮Capital n.资金Invest vt.投资Surge v.波动起伏n.急剧上升词组：Be hit with 被...击中A round of 一轮Keep up with 赶上解析：•Worry后面使宾语从句，省略了连接词that•Despite its brightening fortunes是插入语，截断了主语和谓语直译：许多受牵制的托运商也担心，他们很快将遭受新一轮的费率上涨。

考研英语长难句：定语从句

定语从句又称形容词性从句，就是用一个句子来修饰名词或代词，起到定语的作用，换句话说用一个句子来做定语，所以叫作定语从句。

除了定语从句的先行词和引导词外，还有一些关于定语从句的知识是你也需要了解的。

一、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句根据定语从句对中心词（即修饰词）限定的紧密程度分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。

限定性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。

【例句】I found a book whose title page was printed with your signature.我捡到一本有你署名的书。

非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。

在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开。

【例句】As is vividly shown from the picture, the information that the cartoon conveys is totally thought-provoking.如图所示，这幅漫画所传递的信息非常发人深省。

二、定语从句与同位语从句的区别1.同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰语被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围或补充一些情况。

【例1】The news that I have passed the exam is true.（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。

）【例2】The news that he told me just now is true.（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。

）2.关系词在句中是否作成分。

【例1】The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.（同位语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分。

考研英语(一)真题答案及解析(2012年)

2012年考研英语（一）真题答案及解析1.【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是"_ _法官表现得像政治家"的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain"维持，保持"，其他显然语义不通。

2.【答案】A【解析】从第三段可以看出，文章认为法院和政治之间应该是有界限的。

所以这里应该是当法官像政治家一样行事，模糊了二者之间的区别时，就失去了其作为法律卫士的合法性。

只有B，when表示这个意思。

3.【答案】B【解析】第二段给的具体事例说明，法官出现在政治活动中会使法官形象受损，影响他们独立、公正的名声。

只有B，weaken能表示这个意思。

4.【答案】D【解析】空前信息显示，法官出席政治活动会让法院的审判收到影响，人们就会认为其审判不公正，所以选D，be accepted as..."被认为是"。

5.【答案】C【解析】空所在的语境为：产生这样的问题，部分原因在于"法官没有_ _道德规范"。

后一句话说，至少法院应该遵守行为规范，这显然是进一步说明上一句话。

所以上一句是说法官没有受到道德规范的约束，选C，bound。

6.【答案】B【解析】根据解析5可以看出，这里应该是说遵守行为规范，subject与to 连用，表示"服从某物，受…支配"。

故本题选B。

7.【答案】D【解析】分析句子结构可知，这里是由that引导的定语从句修饰说明前面的行为规范，是说法院也应当遵守适用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。

apply to "适用于"符合题意。

resort to "求助于";stick to "坚持(原则等)"语意不通。

8.【答案】B【解析】空所在的语境为，类似这样的案例提出了这样一个问题：法院和政。

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译o

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. In other words , there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.结构：•In other words , there is [谓] a conventional story line [主] in the newsroom culture [状]•定语从句：that provides [谓] a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure [宾] for otherwise confusing news [状] .单词：conventional a.传统的常见的惯例的符合习俗的Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话Line n.方针原则方法概况思路newsroom n.新闻编辑部Backbone n.主干支柱脊骨骨气Ready-made a.现成的做好的陈旧的平凡的Narrative n.故事叙事记叙Otherwise ad.否则除此之外以不同方式相反Confuse vt.使混乱迷惑混淆困惑复杂化词组：In other words 换句话说直译：换句话说，在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。

它提供了一个框架和一个现成的叙事结构，给复杂的新闻解析：•There be句型是全部倒装，真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语译文：换句话说，在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。

这个方针给复杂的新闻提供了一个主干框架和一个现成的叙事结构重点：•Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话•Line n.方针原则方法概况思路•There be句型是全部倒装，真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语2. There exists a social culture disconnect between journalists and their readers , which helps explain why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers .结构：•There [主] exists [谓] a social and culture disconnect [宾] between journalists and their readers ,•定语从句：which helps explain [谓]•宾语从句：why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem [谓] alien to many readers [表] .单词：Disconnect vt.断开切断供应是分离Alien n.外星人外国人a.外国的陌生的vt.转让词组：Alien to 不相容的与...相反陌生的直译：在新闻记者和读者之间存在社会和文化上的脱节，这也有助于解释了为什么新闻编辑部的标准模式似乎对很多读者来说是不相容的。

考研英语语法之三大从句

三大从句一、定语从句定语从句，简言之，就是用来做定语的句子，即用于修饰名词或代词的一个具有完整主谓结构的句子。

这个被修饰的名词或代词因为总是在定语从句的前面，所以我们称之为先行词。

而引导定语从句的连词，叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools.（一）定语从句的先行词先行词是定语从句所修饰的对象。

只有正确找出先行词，才能明白定语从句所修饰的究竟是什么成分，才能正确理解句子前后各部分的逻辑关系，分清句子结构，从而正确理解句子。

1. 一个词（通常是名词，也可以是代词）For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.2. 一个短语During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.3. 一个从句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.4. 一个完整的句子As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of this condition.They are invited to the state banquet, which was a great honor to them.（二）引导定语从句的关系词1.It is about YOU, and how you performed and what you accomplished in those past jobs –especially those accomplishments that are most relevant to the work you want to do next.She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data, which she intended to draw upon in starting her own business.At the same time, the American Law Institute – a group of judges, lawyers and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight – issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.dream, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything.Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.（三）定语从句与先行词的隔离考研英语中有很多复杂的定语从句，它们的先行词并不像常规那样紧靠着关系词，而是在先行词与关系词之间插入了很多成分。

考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖

考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖析1. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.【参考译文】积极的学习，即学生们写文章或做实验，然后让一位老师评估他们的作业，对那些还没有完全学会如何学习的学生来说要更为有益得多。

【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分：Active learning, (in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor,)is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.括号外的内容是主句，括号里的内容是介词+which 模式的定语从句；主句的主语是Active learning，谓语是is，表语是beneficial，far more是状语，其中far是程度副词，相当于much，for those是状语，其后who引导的定语从句中，主语是who，谓体是have not yet fully learned，宾语结构是how to learn。

括号内的定语从句修饰前面的Active learning，由三部分构成，即or…and连接的三个并列句，第一个并列句的主语是students，谓语是write，宾语是essays，第二个并列句的谓语是perform，宾语是experiments，第三个并列句的谓语是have．．．evaluated，宾语是work，by an instructor是状语结构。

考研英语语法(从句)详细解析总结(含例句)

考研英语语法（从句）详细解析总结（含例句）(一)英语从句的原理1.我们已经学习过句子的成分【参考句子成分讲义】当一个完整的句子A成为另一个句子B的某一成分时，A就变成了从句●eg. I know that you are hard-working！我知道你们很努力●完整的句子A { you are hard-working } 就叫做从句，在主句 B [I know A]中作宾语➡️A随从/服从B2.英语的三种句子●简单句：不能再拆分的句子【参考简单句讲义】●复杂句：也叫做并列句，两个句子不分主次，仅仅逻辑关系词连接and、but、however，，，●eg. I like apples，and he likes bananas. = He likes bananas，and I like apples.●复合句：主从复合句，主句 + 从句，两个句子有主次关系(二)英语从句的分类所以有哪些句子成分就会有哪些从句类型：除了英语的核心动词之外，其他所有句子成分都可以有从句1.①形容词从句 = 定语从句 = 关系从句➡️英语从句中最重要的；内容最多的；最难的一类从句●概念●对某个人或者事物进行描述，具有形容词性质➡️形容词性从句●在句子中充当定语这个成分，起修饰作用➡️定语从句●构成往往需要关系词来引导➡️关系从句●形容词从句的思维方式●中文思维：形容词都放在被修饰词之前，即形容词/句子 + 的eg. 好吃的苹果；努力学习的他们●英语思维●单个词修饰时，也放在被修饰词之前eg. a tasty apple●用一句话来修饰时，就需要在被修饰词后面 + 一个与它有关系的词 + 另一个句子，即先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句●思维对比：这也是我们在翻译时不能逐字逐句顺序进行的原因，定语从句就需要逆序先翻译●中文：兔子在吃一根我买来的胡萝卜【前置】●英语：兔子在吃一根胡萝卜（胡萝卜的关系词）我买的【后置】The rabbit is eating a carrot that I bought.●形容词从句的构成：关系词（引导定语从句）●关系代词：引导词起指代、替代的作用●方法：陈述句语序中，被修饰词更换为关系代词➡️把关系代词放到开头，就变成了从句●that（那）：The rabbit is eating a carrot that I bought.I bought that →that I bought●who（主语）：The student who is reading is my friend.who is reading →who is reading●whom（宾语）：The student whom I taught is my friend.I taught whom →whom I taught●whose（ta的）：The student whose bag is pink is my friend.whose bag is pink →whose bag is pink●which（那个）：The student which is reading/I taught is my friend.which is reading/I taught which →which is reading/I taught●that & which：指代人或物（主语宾语都可以），经常可以互换●先行词唯一：that●eg. The rabbit ate the biggest carrot that I 've ever seen. 兔子吃了我见过最大的胡萝卜●the biggest已经限定了先行词是唯一的，所以只能用that●先行词多选一：which●eg. The rabbit is eating a carrot that/which I bought.●我买了很多根胡萝卜，兔子吃的只是其中随便一根●关系副词：引导词的词性是副词关系副词 = 介词 + 关系代词●where（地点）：This is the place where I study.●why（原因）：This is the reasin why I study.●when（时间）：That was the day when I met him.●形容词从句的限定性和非限定性●通过前面的学习，大家已经明白了定语从句的主要功能就是修饰限定范围，所以限定性和非限定性的区别即：是否限定了先行词的范围/性质●限定性定语从句●上述例句均为限定性定语从句：全部都限制了先行词的范围●非限定性定语从句：通常有逗号隔开，作插入语补充信息●eg. I read the book，which is on the desk. 我读了本书，那本书在桌子上（有种接着说，补充说明的意思）●eg. My head，which is big，is useful when it rains. 我有大头下雨不愁（作插入语补充信息，即使删去也不影响原句子完整）●eg. Rabbits eat carrots， which is not surprising. 兔子吃胡萝卜，这事不稀奇（甚至可以指代一个完整的句子进行修饰）2.②名词从句●引导词：相当于一个信号告诉你“那么接下来从句要开始咯！”注意：引导词在从句开头；从句是陈述句语序●that：确定信息●whether；where；when；how；who；what：不确定信息●主语从句：将句子中的主语变成从句的形式●正常语序：主语放在句子最开头●eg. That rabbits eat carrots is obvious.●eg. Whether rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 是否吃●eg. Where rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 在哪吃●eg. When rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 什么时候吃●eg. Who eats carrots is obvious. 谁吃●eg. What rabbits eat is obvious. 吃什么●eg. How rabbits eat carrots is obvious. 怎么吃●形式主语：it指代主语从句，it本身没有什么意义【翻译时，可以拆成两句或是倒序先翻译主语从句】英语句子的主语从句过长就会头重脚轻，所以会改个形式说出来●eg. It is obvious that rabbits eat carrots. 很明显，兔子吃胡萝卜/兔子吃胡萝卜这事儿很明显●eg. It is obvious whether rabbits eat carrots.●可自行练习改写上述例句●表语从句：将句子的表语变成从句的形式●eg. The reason is that you need to study.●eg. It feels that you like me.●同位语从句：将句子的同位语变成从句的形式●一般修饰抽象名词：the fact；the idea...●eg. The question that/whether rabbits eat carrots is interesting.●宾语从句：从句作句子的宾语●确定信息&不确定信息●eg. I know that rabbits eat carrots.●eg. I know whether/where/... rabbits eat carrots.●宾语从句引导词that往往可以省略，注意判断●eg. I know rabbits eat carrots.●宾语从句的否定●在谓语动词前否定，而非在从句中，否则会有句意的改变●eg. I don't know rabbits eat carrots.●eg. I don't think rabbits eat carrots.●eg. I don't believe rabbits eat carrots.●主从时态一致，但从句描述客观规律例外●eg. I knew you gratuated last year.●eg. I knew the sun rises in the east.●宾补从句：从句作句子的宾语补足语●使用较少●eg. You can call me whatever you like. 你随便怎么称呼我都可以●eg. My parents made me who I am.3.③副词从句 = 状语从句英语从句中种类最多的➡️因为补充说明的可能性最多●概念●在句中起到副词的作用，一般补充说明动词、形容词、副词等➡️副词从句●句子成分上说，充当了句子的状语➡️状语从句●时间状语从句●在某一时间点之前：before●eg. I cleaned the room before you came.●= Before you came， I cleaned the room.●在某一时间点之中●when：强调在某个时间点●eg. I was watching TV when my mom came home. 当我妈妈回家时，我正在看电视●= When my mom came home，I was watching TV.●while：强调在一个时间段内●eg. I was watching TV while my mom was cooking. 我妈妈做饭时，我在看电视●= While my mom was cooking，I was watching TV.●as：强调同时进行的两个动作●eg. My mom cooked as she watched TV. 我妈妈一边做饭一边看电视●= As my mom watched TV，she cooked.●在某一时间点之后：after●eg. I go to school after I get up.●= After I get up，I go to school.●从之前某一时间点开始算起的一个时间段，往往暗示了对之后有影响（完成时态）since●eg. I have read two books since my mom came home. 自从我妈妈回家以后，我已经看了两本书了●直到之后的某一时间点：until●eg. I waited until my mom came home. 我一直在等，直到妈妈回家●not，，，until，，，：直到，，，才，，，（注意翻译方法）●eg. I didn't go to sleep until my mom came home. 直到我妈妈回家我才睡觉●一个动作紧跟着另一个动作发生：as soon as（注意翻译顺序：一，，，就，，，）●eg. It rained as soon as we went to schoo. 我们一去上学，就下雨了●下次，，，：the next time●eg. I will hug you the next time we meet. 下次我们见面时我一定会拥抱你●地点状语从句●引导词：where●eg. I read books where I study.●强调形式：wherever不管哪里；everywhere所有地方；anywhere任何地方●eg. I read books wherever/everywhere/anywhere I can sudy.●条件状语从句从句比主句落后一个时态●真实条件句：真实的假设 if●eg. If the rabbit sees a carrot，it will eat it.●虚假的假设：if【参考虚拟语气讲义】●否定条件句：unless 除非，，，否则/不然●eg. Unless it rains，the game will be played. 除非下雨，比赛将正常进行●= If it doesn't rain，the game will be played.●其他引导词：as long as只要；in case如果●eg. You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。

考研英语语法定语从句详解附译文

考研英语语法定语从句详解附译文定语从句是中国人学英语最重要的难点之一。

其实定语从句很有规律，总结如下：在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语，因此，除了在非限定性定语从句中，用that一般不会出问题。

关系副词的用法比较单一，它们从句中只起状语的作用，表示时间的就用who，表示地点的就用where，而why只修饰一个词，即reason。

定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。

•关系代词：who，which，that作从句的主语whom，which，that作从句的宾语(可省略)whose从句中作定语以下情况只能用that，不能用which:i.先行词为不定代词all, little, none，any，every，no，much, anything, nothingii. 先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等)iii.先行词既有人又有物的时候以下情况只能用which，不能用that;①引导非限制性定语从句(包括代表整个主句的意思时)②介词+关系代词的结构中•关系副词：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，只修饰reason。

如果用定语从句把两个句子合二为一:首先找出两个句子当中相同的部分，定语从句修饰的就是这一部分。

要把其中一个句子变成定语从句，就要把这句中相同的那个部分用一个关系词来代替; 代替时，先看被代替的部分是指人还是指物、再看它作什么句成分。

指人并作主语的，就用who。

或that; 指人并作宾语的，就用whom或that; 指人并作定语的，就用whose。

指物并作主语的，就用which或that; 指物并作宾语的，还是用which或that; 指物并作定语的，就用whose或of which。

考研英语语法定语从句(1)

LECTURE 1 定语从句本堂目标学会识别定语从句的先行词、关系词，熟悉限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别，重点掌握几种特殊的关系词，识别并理解定语从句。

基础预习定语从句，简言之，就是用于修饰名词或代词的一个具有完整主谓结构的句子。

这个被修饰的名词或代词因为总是在定语从句的前面，所以我们称之为先行词。

而引导定语从句的连词，称为关联词，关联词包括关系代词或关系副词。

【例】(09-Part B)一、定语从句的先行词先行词是定语从句所修饰的对象。

只有正确找出先行词，才能明白定语从句所修饰的究竟是什么成分，才能正确理解句子前后各部分的逻辑关系，分清句子结构，从而正确理解句子。

先行词其实并不一定都是一个词，先行词可以是：1．一个词（通常是名词，也可以是代词）【例】2．一个短语【例】(07-Text 3)3．一个从句【例】(04-61)4．一个完整的句子【例】二、引导定语从句的关系词【例1】【例2】【例3】(07-Text 2)【例4】(99-Passage 1)【例4】(05-Part B)三、定语从句与先行词的隔离考研英语中有很多复杂的定语从句，它们的先行词并不像常规那样紧靠着关系词，而是在先行词与关系词之间插入了很多成分，这时靠近关系词前后的名词就不是先行词了，也就是说定语从句与其所修饰的先词词被分隔，这种分隔有以下三种情况：1．作主语的先行词+谓语部分+定语从句当修饰一个主语的定语从句很长，而此主语对应的谓语部分很短时，可以将这个定语从句与先行词分割开来放于谓语之后以保持句子的平衡。

这种被分割的定语从句要注意寻找其对应的先行词，否则容易出现理解错误。

【例1】2．先行词+其他定语+定语从句先行词同时带有多个定语，而其中定语从句比其他定语长，结构也较复杂，此时，按照英语尾重原则，把结构复杂的定语从句放在其他定语之后。

这种情形最为常见。

【例】(04-完形)3．先行词+状语+定语从句【例】（05-Text 4）四、带有插入语的定语从句有些定语从句的关系词后面往往紧跟一个“主谓结构”，如I know, I believe,he claimed, they assume等。

考研英语语法真题答案

考研英语语法真题答案考研英语语法真题答案考研英语语法部分一直是考生们备考的重点和难点之一。

语法题目涉及到句子结构、词性、语态、时态等多个方面，要求考生对英语语法规则有较深入的理解和掌握。

下面将针对一些常见的考研英语语法真题进行解析和答案分析。

1. The man ________ you borrowed the money is my best friend.A. from whomB. from whoseC. whoseD. whom答案：A. from whom解析：本题考察的是定语从句的引导词和位置。

定语从句修饰先行词man，从句中缺少宾语，所以用关系代词whom。

同时，从句中缺少介词，所以用from whom。

2. ________ the heavy rain, the match was not canceled.A. In spite ofB. AlthoughC. Because ofD. Due to答案：A. In spite of解析：本题考察的是连词的用法。

句子的主干是the match was not canceled，而in spite of是一个短语，表示尽管，用来引导一个状语从句，表示让步关系。

3. I would rather you ________ me the truth.A. tellB. toldC. to tellD. telling答案：B. told解析：本题考察的是虚拟语气的用法。

would rather后面接的是从句，从句中的谓语动词要用过去式，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟情况。

4. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise.A. don't makeB. not makeC. not makingD. didn't make答案：B. not make解析：本题考察的是宾语从句的语序。

04考研英语真题解析

第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要探讨青少年犯罪的原因。

一开始，文章从现有的理论出发，指出这些理论集中把个人或社会看作主要影响因素。

接着文章又进一步谈到，现有理论只关注来自贫穷家庭的孩子，而忽视了来自富有家庭的孩子也犯罪这一事实。

总之，这些理论都是不确定的，容易受到批评和攻击。

从第三段开始，文章提出了新的见解：社会结构的变化可能间接地影响了青少年犯罪率。

这其中包括经济结构和家庭结构的变化。

除此之外，也有其他一些原因造成了青少年的犯罪行为。

最后，文章就以上提到的众多原因作了一个总结：所有上述情形都有可能促使青少年犯罪，但它们与青少年犯罪是否存在直接的因果关系还没有确定。

二、试题具体解析1. [A] acting (on) 对……起作用[B] relying (on) 依靠，指望[C] centering (on) 以……为中心，围绕；集中于……[D] commenting (on) 对……做出评论[答案] C[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+分词短语辨析。

本题要求考生判断空格处应填入什么分词与on搭配，构成分词短语。

从结构上看，文章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为Many theories concerning…focus on；Theories 1 on the individual suggest that；Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that。

三个句子的主语都是theories，并都接有分词作定语。

因此空格处填入的分词应和前一句中的concerning、后一句中的focusing on遥相呼应，都表示“关于…的理论”的含义，从文意方面看，第一句话总述到，关于（concerning）青少年犯罪原由的理论集中研究两个方面，即个人因素和社会因素。

第二句强调个人因素的理论。

第三句强调(focusing on)社会因素的理论。

考研英语阅读理解真题及解析(2篇)

考研英语阅读理解真题及解析（2篇）1、 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。

【构造分析】本句可以分为两个局部，“for”为分界词。

在前半局部中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to”引导的不定式短语，这个短语中又消失了一个宾语从句。

“when”引导一个状语从句，表示时间。

后半句中“it”仍旧是形式主语，“that”引导一个主语从句。

“however”引导一个让步状语从句。

2、 With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature。

【构造分析】本句是一个因果关系的并列句。

前一个分句的主句是“the case is rather difficult”，其中“however”表示此句与上一句之间是转折关系；缘由为“for”之后的局部，其中破折号之间的局部是插入语，表示一种让步，“on which it is based”是“the theory”的定语从句，“it”指代“Futurist poetry”。

考研英语阅读理解真题解析第三篇“话说身高”

2008 Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. ①If he had played last season, h owever, he would have been one of 42. ②The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.在20世纪60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过7英尺的三个人之一。

可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了42分之一了。

这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。

association[?'s?usi'ei??n] n. 联系,联想;交际,交往;协会,社团【例】Let's form an association to help blind people. 让我们建立一个协会来帮助盲人吧。

dramatically[dr?'m?tikli] ad. 从戏剧角度;戏剧性地,显著地【例】I kept emphasizing how dramatically things have changed.我反复强调事情发生了多大的变化。

2019年考研英语阅读真题解析2(英语学习).doc

2019年考研英语阅读真题解析2（英语学习）考研英语真题对我们掌握考点至关重要，下面为大家整理了考研英语阅读真题解析，希望可以为大家带来帮助！Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families主语谓语宾语who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their定语从句同位语从句retirement money.译文：炼钢工人、航空公司员工，以及汽车行业的职工和数百万的家庭一样，都必须担心利率、股市的波动以及寿命比拿退休金的年份还要长的残酷现实。

分析：本句的主要难点是较长的主语和复杂的宾语修饰成分。

该句的主干是Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those…are joining millions of families…，其中主语由三个并列的名词或名词短语构成。

句子的宾语较为复杂，因为宾语中心词families后是由who引导的定语从句，对先行词families进行解释说明，定语从句中的宾语the harsh reality 之后是由that引导的同位语从句，具体说明了the harsh reality的内容。

【词汇解析】interest [’intərist](n.)兴趣,爱好;利益;利息(vt.)使发生兴趣(中考词汇)(2007年-阅读3、2013年-阅读1、2013年-阅读4)(inter-在里面,在其中，e-连字符，st-词根,站立→ 强调长时间“立”于其中、沉迷其中而不能自拔——源于对其“兴趣”浓厚——即“兴趣,爱好”，引申为“利益;利息”。