初三英语终止性动词与延缓性动词的用法区别专题辅导
延续性动词和终止性动词的用法
按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrive等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换 leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out, put on→wear;catch a cold →have a cold,get married---be married等。
【最新文档】浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词word版本 (1页)
【最新文档】浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词word版本本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如: learn , work , stand , lie , know , walk , keep , have , wait , watch , sing , read , sleep , live , stay 等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如 open , close , finish , begin ,come , go , arrive , reach , get to , leave , move , borrow , buy 等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。
表示段时间的短语有: for two years , during the past three years , since last year , how long 等。
如: I have learned English since I came here .自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。
如: It raind at eight yesterday morning .(误) rain 为延续性动词,而 at eight 表示点时间,前后显然矛盾。
如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助 come , begin , get 等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为: It began to rain ateight yesterday morning .(正)又如:- When did you get to know Jack ?。
延续动词和终止性动词解析
大部分都是,如: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance,sing,smoke瞬间性动词:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish1、终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。
如:begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。
终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用,因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
如:have a cold是持续性动词,表示“状态",可与表延续性的时间状语连用,不定冠词不能省略。
I′ve had a cold since my arrival(到达n.).I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.catch a cold是短暂性动作,表“动态”:它不能和延续性时间状语连用,不定冠词“a"可有可无,catch可用take,get代替。
Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold。
Take care not to get cold.但是,若cold前有形容词修饰时,则不定冠词不能省。
如:Brown has taken a slight cold。
注意下列句子:I have caught a cold for over a week。
(×)I have had a cold for over a week.()2、延续性动词:表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。
英语语法大攻克--终止性动词与延缓性动词的用法区别
终止性动词与延缓性动词的用法区别英语中的动词,是学习中的重点,又是难点。
英语中的动词有多种分类法。
根据其有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
可以表示持续的行为或状态的动词,叫做“延续性动词”,也叫“持续性动词”,如:be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.有的表示短暂、瞬间性的动词,叫做“终止性动词”,也可叫“短暂性动词”,或“瞬间性动词”,如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.终止性动词构成的现在完成时,不可以用表示一段时间的状语(如:since 和for引导的短语)来修饰,终止性动词构成的现在完成时,只表示动作发生的因果关系,不能表示动作的延续,因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
如可以说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.但不可说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时,start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。
在十多年的教学生涯中,发现学生对于如何解决这对矛盾不知所措,下面我来归纳一下解决这对矛盾的四种方法。
1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语:eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong)Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong)应改为: He returned from America two years ago.2.用It is…since…复合句代替简单句eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.注意:以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。
延续动词和终止性动词解析
大部分都是,如: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke瞬间性动词:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish1、终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。
如:begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,se ll,start,stop等。
终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用,因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
如:have a cold是持续性动词,表示“状态”,可与表延续性的时间状语连用,不定冠词不能省略。
I′ve had a cold since my arrival(到达n.).I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.catch a cold是短暂性动作,表“动态”:它不能和延续性时间状语连用,不定冠词“a”可有可无,catch可用take,get代替。
Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.Take care not to get cold.但是,若cold前有形容词修饰时,则不定冠词不能省。
如:Brown has taken a slight cold.注意下列句子:I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)I have had a cold for over a week.()2、延续性动词:表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。
延续性动词和终止性动词
延续性动词和终止性动词一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。
表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。
如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。
如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。
如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。
[中考英语]终止性动词和延续性动词用法导航
2006
终止性动词和延续性动词用法导航
英 语 教 十研 月组
一、终止性动词和延续性动词
--How long can I ____ this book? --Only two weeks A. borrow B. return C. keep D. lend
I borrowed this book a week ago.
4、改变句型: “It is/has been+时间短语+从句(从句为一般过 去时)〞 “时间短语(作主语)+has/have passed+since从句(一般过去时)〞
三、在 … till (until)结构中
We worked until seven o’clock
See you next time !
Ae
此题答案为D。现在完成时不用动词过去时,去掉B、 C。Come为终止性动词,不加since的时间短语。
请判断正误:
I have learned English for over two years. I have bought this dictionary for three years.
此题答案为C。那为什么不选A?
动词有终止性动词和延续性动词的区别:终止性动词,也 称为短暂性动词,只能接顺间的时间短语(动作发生于顺 间,后就停止);而延续性动词,也称为长期性动词,后接 一段时间(动作延长一段时间)
例:I bought this TV set last year.我去年买这台电视机 I have had this TV set for two years.这台电视机买了两年。
延续性动词和终止性动词
延续性动词和终止性动词一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。
表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。
如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。
如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。
如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。
延续性动词和终止性动词
延续性动词和终止性动词一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。
表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。
如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。
如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。
如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。
延续性动词与结束性动词
英语教学中延续性动词与终止 性动词的用法
英语动词按其动作发生的方式、Terminative verb又称做结 束性动词,瞬间动词或非延续性动词) 。
一、延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。 如:learn, work, stand, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与 表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间, for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+点时间,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; ect.
1.He has lived here for 6 years. 2.You can keep the book for 5 days. 3.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. 4.How long did you stay there last year?
选题填空 1()1My brother ____ the Youth League for two years. A.has been in B.has entered C.has taken part in D.has joined in ( )2—____have you been away from home?—I have been away from home for five years. A.How much B.What time C.How long D.When ()3 .The meeting ____ for five hours. A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over D.has stopped ()4.When Jack arrived,he and Mary ______for almost an hour.A.had gone B.had set off C.had left D.had been away ()5 .The baby ____ for eleven hours.A.fell asleep B.has fallen asleepC.has got to sleep D.has been asleep
延续性动词和终止性动词
延续性动词和终止性动词一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。
表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。
如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。
如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。
如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。
延续性动词和终止性动词的区别及用法
延续性动词和终止性动词的区别及用法一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如:learn, work, sta nd, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch,sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如ope n, close, fini sh, beg in, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy 等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征1. 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。
表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, duri ng the past three years, since last year,how long 等。
如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。
如:It raind at eight yesterday mornin g.(误)rain 为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。
如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:-When did you get to know Jack-Two years ago.-Then you've known each other for more than two years.-That's right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1. 终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。
如何理解延续性动词和终止性动词-教学设计
微课信息
微课名称
如何理解延续性动词和终止性动词
选题意图
让学生深入理解延续性动词和终止性动词
内容出处
初中英语
适用对象
八年级
教学目标
1.理解延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
2.能正确地转换延续性动词和终止性动词
预备知识
动词分类知识
设计思路
先解释概念,然后阐明相互转换的形式,分析用法上的区别。
如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
三、结尾
(54秒)
好了,我们小结一下本堂课学习的重点。
2.终止性动词
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。
听讲、观察、思考、回答
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。一般要和表示段时间的时间状语连用。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。一般要和表示点时间的时间状语连用。
本堂课就到这里,谢谢观看。
认真听讲、思考
达到对知识点进行系统的总结巩固的目的。
get up→be up,
go(get)out→be out,
延续动词和终止性动词解析(共5篇)
延续动词和终止性动词解析(共5篇)第一篇:延续动词和终止性动词解析大部分都是,如: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drin k,write,dance, sing,smoke 瞬间性动词:open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish1、终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。
如:begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,l end,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。
终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用,因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
如:have a cold是持续性动词,表示“状态”,可与表延续性的时间状语连用,不定冠词不能省略。
I′ve had a cold since my arrival(到达n.).I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.catch a cold是短暂性动作,表“动态”:它不能和延续性时间状语连用,不定冠词“a”可有可无,catch可用take,get代替。
Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.Take care not to get cold.但是,若cold前有形容词修饰时,则不定冠词不能省。
如:Brown has taken a slight cold.注意下列句子:I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)I have had a cold for over a week.()2、延续性动词:表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。
终止性动词和延续性动词
终止性动词和延续性动词延续性动词:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,danc e, sing, smoke瞬间性动词:open, stop, like, love, die, win, close, shot, begin, start, enter, finish1、终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。
如:begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,re ach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。
终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用,因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
如:have a cold是持续性动词,表示“状态”,可与表延续性的时间状语连用,不定冠词不能省略。
I′ve had a cold since my arrival(到达n.).I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.catch a cold是短暂性动作,表“动态”:它不能和延续性时间状语连用,不定冠词“a”可有可无,catch可用take,get代替。
Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.Take care not to get cold.但是,若cold前有形容词修饰时,则不定冠词不能省。
如:Brown has taken a slight cold.注意下列句子:I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)I have had a cold for over a week.( )2、延续性动词:表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。
终止性动词与延缓性动词的用法区别
终止性动词与延缓性动词的用法区别基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注(超重要):瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead………………1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1、be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall (get) ill3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be+awake代wake/wake up6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be+missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be+副词”代终止性动词1“be+on”代start,begin2“be+up”代get up3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned →have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4. have become →have been5. have closed / opened→have been close/open6. have got up →have been up;7. have died →have been dead;8. have left sw. →have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →have been asleep;10. have finished/ended/completed →have been over;11. have married →have been married;12. have started/begun to do sth. →have done sth. ;13. have begun →have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost →haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold →have had a cold;18. have got to know →have known19. have/has gone to →have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定), yet(否定,疑问), just, before, recently,still, lately 等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, thismorning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。
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终止性动词与延缓性动词的用法区别
英语中的动词,是学习中的重点,又是难点。
英语中的动词有多种分类法。
根据其有无含义,动词可分为实义动词和助动词;根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态,可以分为行为动词和状态动词;根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
可以表示持续的行为或状态的动词,叫做“延续性动词”,也叫“持续性动词”,如:be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.
有的表示短暂、瞬间性的动词,叫做“终止性动词”,也可叫“短暂性动词”,或“瞬间性动词”,如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.
终止性动词构成的现在完成时,不可以用表示一段时间的状语(如:since 和for引导的短语)来修饰,终止性动词构成的现在完成时,只表示动作发生的因果关系,不能表示动作的延续,因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
如可以说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.
但不可说:The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.
因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时,start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。
在十多年的教学生涯中,发现学生对于如何解决这对矛盾不知所措,下面我来归纳一下解决这对矛盾的四种方法。
1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语:
eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong)
Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong)
应改为: He returned from America two years ago.
2.用It is… since…复合句代替简单句
eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.
注意:以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。
3.用相应的形容词和副词代替终止性动词。
eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.
4.用延缓性动词代替终止性动词。
eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong)
应改为:He has been on the Internet for six hours.
但须注意:终止性动词的否定式可以和since 或for 引导的时间状语连用。
因为终止性动词的否定表示的是一种可以延续的状态。
eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong)
I haven’t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year..(right)
此外,终止性动词与延缓性动词在翻译上也不同,很易混淆。
下面我再就终止性动词与延缓性动词的含义问题做一归纳:
1. 在连词since引导的时间状语从句中,用终止性动词的过去时或用延缓性动词过去时,其含义是大不相同的。
A. since所引导的时间状语从句中,如果句子谓语是终止性动词的过去时,则从句表示的时间是从“那一时刻开始”。
eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来校以来,一贯努力学习。
B. 在since所引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语是延缓性动词的过去时,那么从句所表示的时间是从延缓性动词所表示的动作结束时算起。
eg. I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.
自从我醒后,没听见任何声音。
2.介词for引导的时间状语,在翻译时有两种不同的情况:
A.介词for引导的时间状语和延缓性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用时,有两种不同的含义。
eg. He has not lived there for six months.
他不住在那儿已六个月了。
(或:他住在那儿还不到六个月。
)
B.介词for引导的时间状语和终止性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用,只有一种含义。
eg. Mary has not left here for six months.
玛丽已六个月没有离开过这儿了。
句中含有till 或until 引导的短语或从句,从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是终止性的,但要注意两种情况:
1. 如果主句中动词是延续性的动词,动词肯定或否定都可以,只是含义不同。
eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back.
他听无线电一直到他父亲回来为止。
eg. He didn’t listen to the ra dio until his father came back.
直到他父亲回来,他才听无线电。
2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是终止性动词,则只能用否定式。
eg. Mr. Smith didn’t marry until he was forty- five. (right)
史密斯先生到四十五岁才结婚。
Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (wrong)。