How to write the body of a thesis Ss
how_to_write_a_thesis_How to Write a Thesis - A Personal Experience
The Writing Process
1. Define a schedule with dates for writing every chapter of the thesis (This is important since it will push you to work continuously. It will also allow you to check whether more time is needed to complete the writing). Create (empty) pages for every chapter, section and subsection of the thesis. Insert the papers and slides that you wrote into the thesis. Start by writing your most recent work.
The Thesis
• Contents
Acknowledgement 2 pages, 572 words Abstract 1, 292 1. Introduction 9, 2806 2. Background 34, 11481 3. The User Hints Framework 10, 3147 4. User Hints for Graph Clustering 16, 4699 5. User Hints for Directed Graph Drawing 29, 9095 6. A Focus and Constraint-Based Genetic Algorithm 7. User Hints for Map Labeling 36, 10909 8. General Remarks 20, 7307 9. Conclusion 4, 1179 Appendix A: Optimization Table 9, 1483 Appendix B: Included CD-ROM 17, 2356
how to write the body part
Cause
and effect
Because, because of, as, for, owing to, since, due to, thanks to, as a result of, so, therefore, thus, accordingly, for this reason, hence, consequently, so that, result in, it follows that…,
Begin with a thesis, or point. Support your thesis with specific evidence.
The two most important methods of organization
1. time or chronological order.
summary
In a word, In brief, In conclusion, In short, In summary, To conclude, To sum up, All in all, From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw that conclusion that… Given those factors I have outlined, I believe that…Βιβλιοθήκη explanation
To define, in definition, to explain, in other words, to clarify, in clarification, with regard to, as..suggests, concerning, as for, in terms of
How to Write Paper-Thesis
Slide 5
University of Science and Technology Beijing
Title, Authors' Names, and Institutional Affiliations
1. Function: Your paper should begin with a Title that briefly describes the contents of the paper. Use descriptive words that you would associate strongly with the content of your paper: the alloy studied, the equipment/process used or studied, the treatment, the parameters measured, etc. A majority of readers will find your paper via electronic database searches and those search engines key on words found in the title. 2. Format: • The title should be centered at the top of page 1 (DO NOT use a title page - it is a waste of paper for our purposes); the title is NOT underlined or italicized. • the authors' names (PI or primary author first) and institutional affiliation are double-spaced from and centered below the title. When more then two authors, the names are separated by commas except for the last which is separated from the previous name by the word "and". For example: Effects of Minor Addition and Cooling Rate on the Microstructure of Cast Magnesium - Silicon Alloys Shu-Zu Lu, S. Bennett, P. Quimby and D. Visser Department of Materials Science and Engineering Michigan Tech University Houghton, MI 49931, USA
How to write a thesis statement
Thesis StatementsThis handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can discover or refine one for your draft.IntroductionWriting in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing. After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you'll make in the rest of your paper.What is a thesis statement?A thesis statement:∙tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.∙is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.∙directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself.The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.∙makes a claim that others might dispute.∙is usually a single sentence somewhere in your first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. The assignment may notexplicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information.)How do I get a thesis?A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a "working thesis," a basic or main idea, an argument that you think you can support with evidence but that may need adjustment along the way.Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming.How do I know if my thesis is strong?If there's time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following:∙Do I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument thatmisses the focus of the question.∙Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it's possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument.∙Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesiscontains words like "good" or "successful," see if you could be morespecific: why is something "good"; what specifically makessomething "successful"?∙Does my thesis pass the "So what?" test?If a reader's first response is, "So what?" then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue.∙Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering?If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It's o.k. to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing asnecessary.∙Does my thesis pass the "how and why?" test? If a reader's first response is "how?" or "why?" your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the readera better take on your position right from the beginning. ExamplesSuppose you are taking a course on 19th-century America, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: Compare and contrast the reasons why the North and South fought the Civil War. You turn on the computer and type out the following:The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different.This weak thesis statement restates the question without providing any additional information. You will expand on this new information in the body of the essay, but it is important that the reader know where you are heading. A reader of this weak thesis might think, "What reasons? How are they the same? How are they different?" Ask yourself these same questions and begin to compare Northern and Southern attitudes (perhaps you first think, "The South believed slavery was right, and the North thought slavery was wrong"). Now, push your comparison toward an interpretation—why did one side think slavery was right and the other side think it was wrong? You look again at the evidence, and you decide that you are going to argue that the North believed slavery was immoral while the South believed it upheld the Southern way of life. You write:While both sides fought the Civil War over the issue of slavery, the North fought for moral reasons while the South fought to preserve its own institutions.Now you have a working thesis statement! Included in this statement is a reason for the war and some idea of how the two sides disagreed over this reason. As you write the essay, you will probably begin to characterize these differences more precisely, and your working thesis may start to seem too vague. Maybe you decide that both sides fought for moral reasons, and that they just focused on different moral issues. You end up revising the working thesis statement into a final one that really captures the argument in your paper:While both Northerners and Southerners believed they fought against tyranny and oppression, Northerners focused on the oppression of slaves while Southerners defended their own right to self-government.Compare this to the original weak thesis statement. This final one presents a way of interpreting evidence that illuminates the significance of the question. Keep in mind that this is one of many possible interpretations of the Civil War—it is not the one and only right answer to the question. There isn't one right answer; there are only strong and weak thesis statements and strong and weak uses of evidence.Let's look at another example. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain's novel Huckleberry Finn. "This will be easy," you think. "I loved Huckleberry Finn!" You grab a pad of paper and write:Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.Why is this thesis statement weak? Think about what the reader would expect from the essay that follows: you will most likely provide a general, appreciative summary of Twain's novel. The question did not ask you to summarize; it asked you to analyze. Your professor is probably not interested in your opinion of the novel; instead, she wants you to think about why it's such a great novel—what do Huck's adventures tell us about life, about America, about coming of age, about race relations, etc.? First, the question asks you to pick an aspect of the novel that you think is important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write:In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.Here's a working thesis statement with potential: you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation; however, it's stillnot clear what your analysis will reveal. Your reader is intrigued, but is still thinking, "So what? What's the point of this contrast? What does it signify?" Perhaps you are not sure yet, either. That's fine—begin to work on comparing scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck's actions and reactions. Eventually you will be able to clarify for yourself, and then for the reader, why this contrast matters. After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write:Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain's Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave "civilized" society and go back to nature.This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.Works consultedWe consulted these works while writing the original version of this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout's topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find the latest publications on this topic. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial.Anson, Chris M. and Robert A. Schwegler. The Longman Handbook for Writers. 2nd ed. New York: Longman, 2000.Hairston, Maxine and John J. Ruszkiewicz. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers. 4th ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1996.Lunsford, Andrea and Robert Connors. The St. Martin's Handbook. 3rd ed. New York: St. Martin's, 1995.Rosen, Leonard J. and Laurence Behrens. The Allyn & Bacon Handbook. 3rd ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1997.。
How to write a thesis
almost every profession relies on it. Teachers do research to find out
how their students can learn better. Restaurant managers do
research to find out what their customers might like. As an
undergraduate, we should know how to solve a problem, make a
decision or analyze a situation by seeking out relevant information,
evaluating its usefulness, and combining it with our observation and
3. 毕业论文的撰写可以培养和提高学生的思维能力。 4. 毕业论文的撰写可以提高学生的写作水平。 5. 毕业论文的撰写可以培养学生初步的科研能力，为撰写更
高级的学术论文奠定了基础。
5
How to choose a research topic?
1. 符合专业培养目标
2. 论题要有学术性
e.g.论单词记忆法( 下面不是论文，而是综述，即归纳某一 主题。要尽量避免）
do the investigation.
•What factors should be considered when we choose a job?
•Salary, place, helpful for further development, circumstances…
•After collecting all the information, we may still discuss it with our
how to write a thesis
Before you prepare to start your thesis, you should ask yourself whether you have known the purpose of the thesis clearly, and make sure that the framework of the thesis has been in your mind.In this paper, I mainly focus on two aspects about thesis writing. One is the purpose of a thesis, the other is about its content. At the end, this paper addresses some matters need to be attentioned during the writing.The purpose of a thesis might have to satisfy one or more of the following criteria. It shows that you has read and understood a body of research literature; it provides evidence that you is capable of carrying out original research and has carried out original research. It also represents a significant contribution to the field, which is worth checking what is expected by your institution.Next, we consider the content of a thesis. Firstly, a thesis must be self-contained and must stand on its own as a complete account of the author's work on the subject of investigation. Secondly, making good organization is particularly important to a thesis. A thesis is formatted like a book, broken into chapters rather than sections, and it may include more than one topic. Thirdly, when writing a thesis, you should generally include details in it. It is important to demonstrate understanding of the subject, and phrases such as "it is easily shown that" and "we omit the proof" used in the presentation of original results may seem suspicious when you have no track record in the subject. It should not be padded with unnecessary material, but results that would not normally be published can be included, either because they might be of use to future workers or because you might want to refer to them in a paper based on the thesis. Fourthly, a thesis has a fairly rigid structure. In the first one or two chapters the problem being addressed must be clearly described and put into context. You should demonstrate a sound knowledge and understanding of the existing work on the topic by providing a critical survey of the relevant literature. If there is more than one possible approach to the problem, the choice of method must be justified. For a computational project the method developed or investigated in the thesis would normally be compared experimentally with the major alternatives. The last one, at the end of the thesis, conclusions must be carefully drawn and the overall contribution of the thesis assessed. It is a good idea to identify open problems and future directions for research, since being able to do so is one of the attributes required of a researcher. In many cases the key requirement that a thesis necessarily have to present is the development and communication of original ideas using sound techniques.When you write a thesis, it is important to avoid inadvertently committing plagiarism. If you copy text word for word from another source you must put it in quotation marks and cite the source. If you find yourself copying, or paraphrasing, someone else's proof of a theorem, ask yourself if you need to give the proof--if it is not your own work, will it add anything to the thesis? Examiners will be particularly alert to the possibility of plagiarism, so be careful to avoid committing this sin.。
how to write a thesis
4. 英语毕业论文的段落
一个段落通过一些互相关联的句子发挥一个观点。这一观点由一 个主题句引出。主题句就是该段的主要思想。主要思想是由一系 列证实主题的互相关联的句子而发展起来的，最后由一个结尾句 收尾。一个叙述有力的段落，必须前后一致而连贯。
5. 英语毕业论文的主题句 主题句必须生动感人，发人深思，因为读者是否愿意继续读下去 是取决于主题句的。作者必须时刻牢记，他要努力引起并保持读 者的注意和兴趣。听众出于礼貌得把讲演一直听完，而读者则与 听众不同，他在任何时候都可以停止读下去，而一旦他不打算继 续读一篇论文，作者是毫无办法使读者重新注意那篇论文的。 段落的发展方法。段落的主要部分都是作者用来证实主题句的。 如果段落发展无力或不完整，就是作者没能把问题说清楚。因此 段落的发展必须充分。只有两三句话的段落就像一份偷工减料的 三明治那样不能令人满意。 6. 英语毕业论文的结束句 每个段落都需要有一个结束句，一个让读者知道作者已经叙述完 毕的句子。结尾应该是一个合乎逻辑的结束，它实质上告诉读者： 看，我已经证实了我的主题句。 一致性和连贯性。段落中的每一个句子都与主题句有关即可达到 一致性，这就是说，每一个句子都是主题句的进一步的发展和证 实。连贯性指句与句之间的逻辑联系。
II. 英语毕业论文提纲
论文提纲应尽量做到全面缜密，理顺所要论述内容，避免以后反复修改。纲 要可以使作者一目了然地看出他的论文是否前后一致。主题是纲要的关键， 因为它简明地陈述了作者的目的。 正式纲要（哈佛纲要）中，各级纲目的格式依次为：I，A，1，a，(1)，(a)。 任何纲要如不严加遵守则毫无用处。在确定了英语毕业论文选题，撰写了英 语毕业论文提纲后，学生应对毕业论文的质量标准有一定的了解。
3. 英语毕业论文的引言段
引言段也许是整个英语毕业论文的最重要的一部分。需要花费最大的 精力。正是这一段，将决定读者是否要将全文读完。一个枯燥乏味的 开篇，如“在本文中我将讨论……”，会使读者很快就转向别的论文 上去。引言段当然应包含论文的主旨，论文的展开方法并确定论文的 基调。从纯写作技巧的角度看，导言段中的每一个句子都能够成为正 文中每一个段落
HowtoWriteaThesisStatement
HowtoWriteaThesisStatementHow to Write a Thesis StatementI. What is Thesis Statement.“A thesis statement is a single sentence, preferably a simple declarative sentence that expresses the basic idea around which the paper will dev elop.”— Webster University Writing Center.“A thesis statement is a very specific argument that guides your paper. Generally, a thesis statement consists of two parts:1. A clearly identifiable topic or subject matter, and2. A succinct summary of what you have to say about that topic.”—Vanderbilt University Writing Center. II. How to Generate a Thesis Statement.A. Analyzing MethodSugar consumption.Reducing sugar consumption by elementary school children.More attention should be paid to the food and beverage choices available toelementary school children.Experts estimate that half of elementary school children consume nine timesthe recommended daily allowance of sugar.Because half of all American elementary school children consume nine times the recommended daily allowance of sugar, schools should be required to replace the beverages in soda machines with healthy alternatives.B. Questioning M ethod“topic—question—thesis’’topic:Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a great novel. questions：Why is it such a great novel?What do Huck’s adventures tell us about life,about America,aboutcoming of age,about race relations,etc.？thesis statement：a. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,Mark Twain develops a contrastbetween life on the river and life on the shore.b.Through its contrasting river and shore scenes,Mark Twin’s The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of Americandemocratic ideals,one must leave“civilized’’Society and go back to nature.III. How to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak OneA. A strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand.Eg:weak:There are some negative and positive aspects to beauty-slimming tea.strong: Because beauty-slimming tea promotes rapid weight loss that results in the loss of muscle and lean body mass, it poses apotential danger to customers.B. A strong thesis statement justifies discussion.Eg:weak: My family is an extended family.strong: While most American families would view consanguineous marriage asa threat to the nuclear family structure, many Iranian families, like myown, believe that these marriages help reinforce kinship ties in anextended family.C. A strong thesis statement expresses one main idea.Eg：weak: Companies need to exploit the marketing potential of the Internet and Web pages can provide both advertising and customer support.strong: Because the Internet is filled with tremendous marketing potential, companies should exploit this potential by using Web pages that offerboth advertising and customer support.D. A strong thesis statement is specific.Eg:weak: World hunger has many causes and effects.Strong: Hunger persists in western area because jobs are scarce and farming in the infertile soil is rarely profitable.IV. Avoiding Common Errors in Thesis Statements.A. Don’t clutter your thesis with such expressions as“in my opinion,”“Ibelieve,”and “in this essay I’ll argue that….”Eg:weak: My thesis states that the federal government devote more money to solar energy research.strong: The federal government should devote more money to solar energy research.B. Don’t express your thesis in the form of a question unless the answer isalready obvious to the reader.Eg:weak: Why should every college student be required to take two years of foreign language?strong: Chemistry majors should be exempt from the foreign-language requirement.V. ReferencesGiltrow, J. (2002). Academic Writing. NY: Broadview Press.Swales, M.& Feak, B. (1994). Academic Writing for Graduate Students. NY: The University of Michigan Press.黄国⽂. 英语学术论⽂写作[M]. 重庆: 重庆⼤学出版社, 2011穆诗雄. 英语专业毕业论⽂写作[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2012⽥贵森. 英语专业毕业论⽂写作教程[M]. 北京: 北京理⼯⼤学出版社, 2011。
How to write a thesis
7
How to choose a research topic? 5. 要有充分的研究资料
6. 题目要准确反映文章内容
例： “文化图式与阅读能力”所包含的内容应该是：文
化图式与阅读能力的关系。
如果这样的内容用如下题目则不恰当：
--“文化图式的作用”
--“影响阅读能力的因素” --“论阅读能力”
8
论文选题方向
C）在一般情况下，应使尽量用第三人称单数和被动语态结构代替由 “I”, “we”做主语构成的语句。如 This paper probes into…而不是 I (We) probe into… （其实已变化） 避免抄袭 A）许多学生在写作时一字不漏地照抄原文，并在相应的地方提供了文 献来源信息，但是没有使用引号，这是一种变相的抄袭。 B）这种情况很容易发现，因为，抄来的文句和自己写的语句有时是“ 泾渭分明”的。
中文期刊数据库：中国期刊网 / 万方数据库
外文期刊数据库：SpringerLink和Ebsco ProQuest学位论文数据库
10
语言流畅，符合语法规范。 A） 避免使用口语化语言，如，as we know, in my opinion, let’s see the fact,…
B） 避免使用华丽辞藻，学术语言应当是朴 实无华的。
此阶段需大量查阅与选题相关的资料，填写论文开题报告书并且向指导教
师提呈所拟定写作提纲。各指导教师在12月31日前组织自己的学生进行开 题讨论，审定其论文写作的可行性、写作框架的合理性，并给予指导意见
。根据指导教师的意见，学生认真修改开题报告书，并于1月4日之前交到
院教务办公室。 • 学院检查（2014年1月4日—2014年1月14日）：学院论文指导小组对学 生的开题报告进行逐个检查，并将不符合要求的开题报告退回，要求学生 重新撰写。
如何正确使用肢体语言英语作文
全文分为作者个人简介和正文两个部分：作者个人简介：Hello everyone, I am an author dedicated to creating and sharing high-quality document templates. In this era of information overload, accurate and efficient communication has become especially important. I firmly believe that good communication can build bridges between people, playing an indispensable role in academia, career, and daily life. Therefore, I decided to invest my knowledge and skills into creating valuable documents to help people find inspiration and direction when needed.正文：如何正确使用肢体语言英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Mastering the Art of Body LanguageBody language is a form of non-verbal communication that plays a crucial role in our daily interactions. As students, we spend a significant amount of time in classrooms, group projects,and social settings where effective communication is key. Mastering the art of body language can enhance our ability to convey our ideas, build rapport, and create a positive impression. In this essay, I will share insights and tips on how to use body language correctly, drawing from my personal experiences and observations.Eye Contact: The Power of a GazeOne of the most significant aspects of body language is eye contact. Making direct eye contact with others shows confidence, engagement, and sincerity. During class discussions or presentations, maintaining eye contact with your classmates and instructors demonstrates your attentiveness and interest in the topic. However, it's essential to strike a balance – prolonged, intense eye contact can make people feel uncomfortable. The trick is to make natural, intermittent eye contact while speaking or listening.Posture: Projecting Confidence and ProfessionalismOur posture speaks volumes about our level of confidence and professionalism. Slouching or hunching over can convey disinterest or insecurity, while sitting or standing upright with your shoulders back exudes confidence and engagement. When presenting a project or participating in group discussions,adopting an open posture with uncrossed arms and legs can make you appear more approachable and receptive to others' ideas.Gestures: Reinforcing Your MessageGestures are powerful tools that can enhance our verbal communication. Using appropriate hand gestures can help emphasize key points, illustrate concepts, and make our messages more engaging. However, it's crucial to use gestures sparingly and intentionally, as excessive or exaggerated movements can be distracting or perceived as nervous habits. Practice using purposeful gestures that complement your speech, and be mindful of cultural differences in gesture interpretations.Facial Expressions: Conveying Emotions and AttitudesOur facial expressions are windows into our emotions and attitudes. Maintaining a friendly, open expression can make others feel welcomed and valued, while frowning or exhibiting a tense facial expression can convey negativity or disinterest. As students, it's essential to be aware of our facial expressions during group discussions, presentations, or interactions with classmates and instructors. A warm, genuine smile can go a long way in building rapport and creating a positive learning environment.Personal Space: Respecting BoundariesPersonal space is an often-overlooked aspect of body language, but it plays a crucial role in making others feel comfortable and respected. Being too close to someone can create an uncomfortable or intimidating atmosphere, while maintaining an appropriate distance can foster a sense of respect and professionalism. In group settings or one-on-one conversations, be mindful of personal space boundaries and adjust your proximity accordingly.Active Listening: Engaging with Body LanguageEffective communication is a two-way street, and body language plays a vital role in active listening. When someone is speaking, nodding, making eye contact, and leaning slightly forward can convey your engagement and interest in what they're saying. Avoid distracting behaviors like fidgeting, checking your phone, or looking away, as these can signal disinterest or disrespect. By actively listening with your body language, you create an environment of mutual understanding and respect.Cultural Considerations: Adapting to Different NormsBody language can vary significantly across cultures, and it's essential to be aware of and respectful of these differences. For example, some cultures may perceive direct eye contact as disrespectful or aggressive, while others may interpret it as a sign of honesty and engagement. Similarly, personal space preferences and gestures can have different meanings in different cultural contexts. As students in a diverse environment, it's crucial to educate ourselves about cultural norms and adapt our body language accordingly to avoid misunderstandings or offending others unintentionally.Practice and Self-Awareness: Continuous ImprovementMastering the art of body language takes practice andself-awareness. Observe how others use body language effectively and try to emulate positive behaviors. Record yourself during presentations or group discussions and analyze your body language objectively. Seek feedback from peers, instructors, or mentors on areas where you can improve. By continuously practicing and refining your body language skills, you'll develop a natural, authentic style that complements your verbal communication.In conclusion, body language is an essential component of effective communication, and as students, it's crucial tounderstand and utilize it correctly. By mastering the art of eye contact, posture, gestures, facial expressions, personal space, and active listening, we can convey confidence, professionalism, and respect in our interactions with classmates, instructors, and others. Additionally, being mindful of cultural differences and continuously practicing and refining our body language skills will help us become more effective communicators in academic and professional settings.篇2How to Use Body Language CorrectlyWe've all heard that body language is important for effective communication, but do we really understand what that means and how to use it properly? As a student, I've had to give many presentations and speak in front of groups, so learning to use body language skilfully has been crucial. In this essay, I'll explain what body language is, why it matters, and how to use it to enhance your credibility and connection with your audience.Body language refers to the non-verbal cues we send through our physicality - our posture, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and more. It's a form of non-verbal communication that can reinforce, contradict, or completelychange the message you're trying to convey with words alone. That's why understanding and controlling your body language is so vital.The Importance of Body LanguageWhile words convey information and ideas, body language conveys emotion, attitude, and sincerity. If your words and body language don't match up, people are more likely to believe your body language. For example, if you tell someone "I'm fine" while avoiding eye contact and slouching, they'll pick up on signals that you're actually not fine at all.Effective body language helps you appear more confident, credible, and likable. It draws people in and gets them engaged with what you're saying. Poor body language can make you seem nervous, distracted, uncomfortable, or even deceptive, undermining your message completely.As students, we often have to speak in front of our classes, give presentations, or participate in group discussions. Using confident, open body language can help reduce public speaking anxiety and convey authority and expertise on our subjects. This applies just as much during job interviews when we want to make the best impression possible.Key Elements of Good Body LanguageEye ContactMaintaining natural, confident eye contact is one of the most important body language techniques. It conveys interest, engagement, and trustworthiness. When speaking to a group, shift your gaze between different audience members. Forone-on-one conversations, match the other person's eye contact, breaking it occasionally.PostureStand or sit upright in an open, relaxed stance. Leaning slightly forward conveys engagement. Slouching or hunching makes you seem disinterested or insecure. Avoid excessive swaying, rocking, or fidgeting which can appear anxious or immature.Facial ExpressionsYour facial expressions should match the tone and content of what you're saying. A warm, natural smile puts people at ease. Frowning or looking tense comes across as unfriendly or stressed. Raise your eyebrows to emphasize key points.Hand GesturesUsing open, controlled hand movements can help illustrate and reinforce your words. avoid excessive, erratic gesticulation though, as this can be distracting. Let your hands rest naturally at your sides when not gesturing.Body OrientationFace the person or people you're addressing directly. Don't turn your body away unless briefly gesturing to something off to the side. Crossed arms can seem defensive or closed-off.BreathingTake deep breaths to stay calm and avoid fidgeting, swaying, or exhibiting other nervous body language. Pause briefly before answering to collect your thoughts.Tips for Improving Your Body LanguageRecord yourself on video when giving a speech or presentation, then analyze your body language. Notice any nervous habits to eliminate.Practice speaking in front of a mirror so you can see how you look to an audience.Ask others to critique your body language after any speaking engagement. Feedback is invaluable.Study great public speakers and orators. Notice their purposeful body language and mimic their techniques.For high pressure situations like interviews or important presentations, practice power posing beforehand to increase confidence.Simply being more self-aware of your physicality will help you control it better over time.Body language is a crucial aspect of communication, arguably more important than the words we speak. By using purposeful, confident body language, we come across as more credible, likable, and effective communicators. For students like myself, this serves us well in the classroom setting. But mastering body language will benefit us in professional settings, social situations, and nearly every aspect of life as well. It's a skill worth studying and practicing diligently. After all, our body language doesn't lie - so we should make sure it's sending the right message.篇3How to Use Body Language CorrectlyBody language is a crucial aspect of communication that often gets overlooked, especially in academic and professionalsettings where the focus is primarily on verbal and written communication. However, the way we carry ourselves, our gestures, and our facial expressions can significantly impact how our message is perceived and interpreted by others. As a student, it's essential to understand the importance of body language and learn how to use it correctly to enhance your communication skills.One of the most fundamental aspects of body language is posture. The way you sit or stand can convey a great deal about your level of confidence, interest, and engagement. Good posture not only makes you appear more confident and attentive, but it can also positively influence your mindset and overall demeanor. When sitting, try to keep your back straight, your shoulders relaxed, and your feet planted firmly on the ground. Avoid slouching, crossing your arms (which can be perceived as defensive), or fidgeting excessively.During class discussions or presentations, maintaining an open and engaged posture can signal to your professor and classmates that you are actively listening and interested in the topic at hand. This can be achieved by leaning slightly forward, making eye contact, and nodding occasionally to show that you are following along.Facial expressions are another crucial component of body language. Our faces are incredibly expressive and can communicate a wide range of emotions, from happiness and excitement to confusion, boredom, or even disinterest. As a student, it's important to be aware of the messages your facial expressions may be sending, especially during class discussions or when interacting with your professors or peers.For example, maintaining a neutral or slightly positive facial expression can convey attentiveness and engagement, even if you are not actively participating in the conversation. On the other hand, frowning, yawning, or appearing disinterested can be perceived as rude or disrespectful, even if unintentional.Gestures, such as hand movements and head nods, can also play a significant role in effective communication. Used appropriately, gestures can help emphasize key points, convey enthusiasm, or indicate understanding. However, it's important to use gestures sparingly and in a controlled manner, as excessive or exaggerated gestures can be distracting or even perceived as aggressive.During class presentations or discussions, using open and inclusive gestures, such as extending your arms or using open palms, can help engage your audience and create a morewelcoming and inclusive environment. On the other hand, closed or defensive gestures, such as crossed arms or clenched fists, can create a barrier between you and your audience, potentially undermining your message.Eye contact is another crucial aspect of body language that can significantly impact how you are perceived by others. Making appropriate eye contact during conversations or presentations can convey confidence, engagement, and sincerity. It can also help establish a connection with your audience and make them feel valued and heard.However, it's important to strike a balance and avoid staring intensely or making prolonged eye contact, as this can make others feel uncomfortable or even intimidated. Instead, try to maintain a natural and relaxed eye contact, shifting your gaze periodically to include everyone in the conversation or audience.In addition to these core aspects of body language, there are other nonverbal cues that can influence how you are perceived by others. For example, the way you dress and groom yourself can convey professionalism, respect for the academic environment, and your overall attitude towards learning.Dressing appropriately for class, presentations, or meetings with professors can help create a positive impression anddemonstrate that you take your education seriously. Similarly, maintaining good hygiene and grooming habits can contribute to a polished and put-together appearance, which can boost your confidence and credibility.It's also important to be aware of cultural differences when it comes to body language. What may be considered appropriate or polite in one culture could be perceived as rude or offensive in another. For example, in some cultures, maintaining direct eye contact with authority figures or elders may be seen as disrespectful, while in others, it is expected.As a student, you may encounter classmates or professors from diverse cultural backgrounds, so it's essential to be mindful of these differences and to approach communication with an open and respectful attitude.In conclusion, effective body language is a crucial component of successful communication, both in academic and professional settings. By being aware of your posture, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and overall nonverbal cues, you can enhance your communication skills, build better connections with others, and convey a more positive and confident demeanor.Remember, body language is not just about what you do, but also about what you don't do. Paying attention to your nonverbal cues and making conscious efforts to use them appropriately can go a long way in creating a positive impression, fostering better understanding, and ultimately, achieving greater success as a student and beyond.。
介绍身体部分的作文英语
介绍身体部分的作文英语Title: Exploring the Marvels of the Human Body。
The human body, a magnificent masterpiece of nature's design, is a wondrous amalgamation of intricate systems and organs that work harmoniously to sustain life. Let us embark on a journey to explore the remarkable features of this extraordinary creation.First and foremost, let us delve into the skeletal system, the framework upon which the body is built. Comprised of bones, joints, and cartilage, the skeletal system provides structural support, protects vital organs, and facilitates movement. Without this sturdy scaffolding, the body would be akin to a structure without a foundation.Next, we turn our attention to the muscular system, which enables movement and locomotion. Made up of over 600 muscles, this system contracts and relaxes to produce the myriad movements we perform every day, from the simple actof blinking to the complex motions involved in running a marathon. Without muscles, mobility would be an impossibility.The circulatory system, often likened to a network of highways within the body, is responsible for transporting essential nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body. At the heart of this system lies the heart, a muscular organ that tirelessly pumps blood, ensuring the continuous circulation that sustains life.Adjacent to the circulatory system is the respiratory system, which facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. Through the process of inhalation and exhalation, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled, ensuring the body remains oxygenated and vital functions can continue unabated.Now, let us explore the digestive system, the body's fueling station. Beginning with the ingestion of food, this system processes nutrients, extracts energy, and eliminates waste. From the mouth, where digestion commences with themechanical and chemical breakdown of food, to the intestines, where absorption takes place, each organ plays a crucial role in nourishing the body.Moving on to the nervous system, the body's communication network. Comprising the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, this system coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions, processes sensory information, and enables us to experience emotions and sensations. It is the conductor of the body's symphony, orchestrating every movement and sensation with precision.The endocrine system, though often overlooked, plays a pivotal role in regulating bodily functions through the secretion of hormones. From growth and metabolism to reproduction and mood, hormones serve as the body's chemical messengers, ensuring that equilibrium is maintained and processes run smoothly.Last but not least, we come to the immune system, the body's defense force. Composed of a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs, this system safeguards the bodyagainst harmful pathogens and foreign invaders. Through the production of antibodies and the activation of immune responses, it serves as a formidable barrier against disease and infection.In conclusion, the human body is a marvel of biological engineering, comprising a multitude of systems and organs that work in perfect harmony to sustain life. From the skeletal system, which provides structural support, to the immune system, which defends against pathogens, each component plays a vital role in ensuring the body's health and well-being. Truly, the human body is a testament to the ingenuity of nature and the wonders of life itself.。
写好英语作文的步骤秘诀总结
写好英语作文的步骤秘诀总结Here is an essay on the steps to writing a good English essay, with the text exceeding 600 words as requested:Mastering the Art of Crafting Exceptional English EssaysComposing a well-structured and captivating English essay is a skill that takes time and practice to develop. However, by following a strategic approach and understanding the key elements, anyone can learn to write essays that captivate readers and showcase their command of the language. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the essential steps to writing great English essays, unlocking the secrets to crafting pieces that leave a lasting impression.The first and arguably the most crucial step in writing a successful English essay is to thoroughly understand the prompt or the topic. Carefully analyze the question or instructions provided, ensuring that you grasp the core objective and the specific requirements. This step will prevent you from straying off-topic and help you focus your efforts on delivering a cohesive and relevant response.Next, embark on the research phase. Delve into reliable sources, suchas academic journals, reputable websites, and subject-matter experts, to gather relevant information, facts, and perspectives that will strengthen your essay. Take meticulous notes, organize your findings, and identify the key points you wish to address in your writing.With a solid understanding of the topic and a wealth of research at your fingertips, it's time to develop a well-structured outline. Begin by crafting a clear and concise thesis statement that encapsulates the central argument or the main idea of your essay. Then, outline the subsequent paragraphs, ensuring that each one builds upon the previous one and contributes to the overall flow and coherence of your work.As you start the actual writing process, pay close attention to the structure and organization of your essay. Typically, a well-crafted English essay follows a three-part format: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. In the introduction, grab the reader's attention with a compelling hook, provide relevant background information, and present your thesis statement. The body paragraphs should each focus on a specific point or argument, supported by evidence and detailed explanations. Finally, the conclusion should reaffirm your thesis, summarize the key points, and leave the reader with a lasting impression.Effective use of language is another crucial aspect of writing a greatEnglish essay. Strive to use precise and descriptive vocabulary, varied sentence structures, and appropriate tone and language register to suit the academic nature of the piece. Avoid repetition, unnecessary fluff, and grammatical errors that can detract from the overall quality of your work.Seamless transitions between ideas and paragraphs are equally important in crafting a cohesive and coherent essay. Utilize transitional words and phrases, such as "furthermore," "in contrast," or "consequently," to guide the reader smoothly from one point to the next, establishing logical connections and enhancing the flow of your writing.Finally, do not underestimate the power of proofreading and editing. Once you have completed your first draft, take the time to carefully review and revise your work. Identify and correct any spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors, and ensure that your essay is free from any typos or inconsistencies. Additionally, consider seeking feedback from others, such as peers or instructors, who can provide valuable insights and suggestions for improvement.By following these essential steps, you can cultivate the skills and techniques necessary to write exceptional English essays. Remember, the journey to mastering essay writing is not a sprint, but a marathon. With dedication, practice, and a willingness to learn, you can honeyour craft and become a confident and accomplished essay writer, impressing your readers and achieving academic success.。
描写人的身体样貌作文英语
描写人的身体样貌作文英语As a language model AI, I do not have personal feelings, but I can still provide some high-quality writing for you. Here is an example of a 1500-word essay on describing the human body.Describing the Human Body。
The human body is a complex and fascinating structure, composed of numerous organs, systems, and tissues that work together to keep us alive and functioning. Each part of the body has its unique characteristics and functions, and the appearance of the body can vary greatly from person to person. In this essay, I will describe the human body, focusing on its physical appearance.The face is the most visible and expressive part of the body, and it is often the first thing that people notice about us. The face is composed of several features,including the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears. The eyes are thewindows to the soul, and they come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. Some people have large, round eyes, while others have small, almond-shaped eyes. The color of the eyes can range from deep brown to bright blue, and everything in between. The eyebrows sit above the eyes and can be thick or thin, curved or straight. The nose is located in the center of the face and comes in a variety of shapes and sizes. Some people have long, narrow noses, while others have short, wide noses. The mouth is located below the nose and is used for eating, speaking, and expressing emotions. The lips can be thin or full, and the teeth can be straight or crooked. The ears are located on either side of the head and come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Some people have large, prominent ears, while others have small, delicate ears.Moving down the body, the neck connects the head to the torso. Some people have long, slender necks, while others have short, thick necks. The shoulders are located at the top of the torso and can be broad or narrow. The arms extend from the shoulders and are used for a variety of tasks, including reaching, grasping, and lifting. The handsare located at the end of the arms and come in a variety of shapes and sizes. The fingers can be long and slender or short and stubby, and the nails can be long or short, painted or unpainted.The torso is the largest part of the body and contains several important organs, including the heart, lungs, and stomach. The chest is located at the front of the torso and can be broad or narrow. The abdomen is located at the front of the torso below the chest and can be flat or round. The back is located at the rear of the torso and can bestraight or curved. The hips are located at the bottom of the torso and can be wide or narrow. The legs extend from the hips and are used for walking, running, and jumping.The feet are located at the end of the legs and come in a variety of shapes and sizes. The toes can be long and slender or short and stubby, and the nails can be long or short, painted or unpainted.The skin is the largest organ of the body and coversthe entire surface. The color of the skin can vary greatly from person to person, ranging from very light to very dark.The texture of the skin can also vary, with some people having smooth, soft skin and others having rough, dry skin. The hair is located on the head and can be long or short, curly or straight, and a variety of colors. Some peoplehave thick, luscious hair, while others have thin, fine hair. The eyes are often referred to as the windows to the soul, but the hair can also reveal a great deal about a person's personality and style.In conclusion, the human body is a complex and fascinating structure, composed of numerous organs, systems, and tissues that work together to keep us alive and functioning. Each part of the body has its unique characteristics and functions, and the appearance of the body can vary greatly from person to person. Describing the human body can be a fun and interesting exercise, and itcan help us appreciate the incredible complexity and beauty of our own bodies.。
介绍人物的英文作文的技巧
介绍人物的英文作文的技巧Writing a character profile in English can be a powerful way to bring a story or narrative to life. By carefully crafting a detailed and multidimensional portrayal of a character, writers can create a vivid and compelling representation that resonates with readers. Here are some key techniques to consider when writing a character profile in English:Establish a Clear Physical DescriptionOne of the foundational elements of a character profile is a detailed physical description. This should go beyond simply listing the character's age, height, and hair color. Instead, focus on painting a vivid picture that allows the reader to visualize the character. Describe distinct physical features, mannerisms, and modes of dress that make the character unique and memorable. Consider incorporating sensory details like the character's facial expressions, body language, and overall bearing. The physical description should align with and support the character's personality, background, and role in the story.Develop a Robust Psychological ProfileWhile the physical description lays the groundwork, a truly compelling character profile delves deeper into the character's psychological makeup. Explore the character's core personality traits, values, motivations, fears, and inner conflicts. What drives the character's thoughts, decisions, and actions? How do past experiences and formative events shape the character's worldview and behavior? Incorporate insights into the character's emotional landscape, thought processes, and decision-making patterns. This multifaceted psychological profile will imbue the character with depth, complexity, and authenticity.Incorporate Backstory and Life ExperiencesA character's present-day persona is heavily informed by their past. Incorporating relevant backstory and life experiences into the character profile can lend significant richness and nuance. Explore the character's family history, upbringing, significant relationships, major life events, and pivotal moments that have shaped who they are. How have these experiences influenced the character's beliefs, personality traits, and overall trajectory? Weaving these narrative threads into the character profile can create a sense of depth and realism that resonates with readers.Establish a Distinct Voice and MannerismsThe way a character speaks and carries themselves can be a powerfultool for bringing them to life on the page. Develop a distinct narrative voice for the character, reflecting their unique patterns of speech, idiosyncratic turns of phrase, and underlying emotional states. Additionally, consider incorporating distinct mannerisms, habits, and behavioral patterns that further distinguish the character and make them feel authentic. These elements of characterization can be particularly impactful when used to convey the character's personality, emotional state, and relationship dynamics.Highlight Internal and External ConflictsConflict is a fundamental driver of character development and narrative progression. In a character profile, it's important to identify and explore both the internal and external conflicts that the character faces. Internal conflicts might involve the character grappling with their own fears, doubts, or moral dilemmas. External conflicts could stem from interpersonal dynamics, societal pressures, or challenging circumstances. By delving into these various conflicts, writers can create a more layered and compelling portrait of the character, showcasing their growth, resilience, and the complexities of the human experience.Demonstrate Character Growth and EvolutionA static character profile is often less engaging than one that demonstrates the character's growth and evolution over time. As the character navigates challenges, relationships, and life experiences,they should undergo meaningful transformations that are reflected in the profile. This could involve changes in the character's beliefs, values, goals, or overall perspective. By charting the character's journey and illustrating how they are shaped by their experiences, writers can create a more dynamic and impactful character profile that resonates with readers.Incorporate Unique and Distinctive DetailsTo make a character profile truly stand out, consider incorporating unique and distinctive details that add depth, texture, and a sense of individuality. These details could be quirks, hobbies, personal habits, or other idiosyncratic elements that help to differentiate the character and make them feel like a fully realized individual. These details should be carefully selected to align with and support the character's overall personality, backstory, and role in the narrative.In conclusion, crafting a compelling character profile in English requires a multifaceted approach that combines physical description, psychological depth, backstory, distinct voice and mannerisms, internal and external conflicts, character growth, and unique distinctive details. By masterfully weaving these elements together, writers can create rich, complex, and memorable characters that captivate readers and drive the narrative forward. The art of character development is a crucial skill for any writer seeking to craft engaging and immersive stories.。
介绍身体构成英文作文
介绍身体构成英文作文英文回答：The human body is a complex and fascinating system composed of various organs, tissues, and cells. Let me introduce the different components of the body.Firstly, let's talk about the skeletal system. It provides structure and support to the body, consisting of bones, joints, and cartilage. The bones protect our vital organs and allow us to move. For example, the ribcage protects the heart and lungs, while the joints in our knees and elbows enable us to bend and flex.Next, we have the muscular system. It is responsiblefor movement and locomotion. Muscles are made up of muscle fibers that contract and relax to generate force. They allow us to perform everyday tasks like walking, running, and lifting objects. For instance, when we lift weights at the gym, our biceps and triceps muscles are activated.Moving on to the circulatory system, it includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body, delivering nutrients and removing waste products. The blood vessels, such asarteries and veins, transport the blood. An interesting idiom related to the circulatory system is "to have someone's heart in the right place," which means that someone is kind and compassionate.Now, let's discuss the respiratory system. It enablesus to breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. The main organs involved are the lungs, trachea, and bronchi. When we inhale, oxygen enters the lungs, and when we exhale, carbon dioxide is expelled. A common phrase related to breathing is "to catch one's breath," which means to pause and recover after physical exertion.Another important system is the digestive system. It processes food and absorbs nutrients. The digestive organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. The mouth chews and breaks down food, while the stomach andintestines further digest and absorb nutrients. An example of a common idiom is "to have a gut feeling," which means to have a strong intuition about something.Moving on to the nervous system, it controls and coordinates the body's activities. It includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The brain is the command center, and the spinal cord relays messages between the brain and the rest of the body. An interesting phrase related to the nervous system is "to have butterflies in one's stomach," which means to feel nervous or excited.Lastly, we have the reproductive system, which is responsible for the production of offspring. It differs between males and females. In males, the reproductive organs include the testes, which produce sperm, and the penis. In females, the reproductive organs include the ovaries, which produce eggs, and the uterus. An idiomatic expression related to reproduction is "the birds and the bees," which is a euphemism for explaining sexual reproduction.中文回答：人体是一个复杂而奇妙的系统，由各种器官、组织和细胞组成。
How to write a Thesis 如何撰写论文-论文定义及实例-英语作文指导
How to write a Thesis Thesis definition & examples如何撰写论文论文定义及实例Usually, in colleges and Universities, the research scholars have to write a thesis for their highest academic degree such as Ph.D. Since it is a research work, it is presented after striving hard in researching any topic. However, many of the students do not know much about the thesis or how is thesis different from dissertation. For such students, there are websites providing online thesis help for guiding and producing best possible thesis. They present a well-built thesisto the students who are clueless about the Thesis structure.Hence I am now going to talk about these following things in my blog:●What is a thesis●What is a thesis statement●Thesis structure that should be followed●How to write a thesisWhat is a thesis?The thesis is a long piece of writing is usually a research work as a scholar. It is written to gain a higher academic degree Such as PhD. The origin of this word comes from the Greeklanguage which implies “something put forth.” In order to give a perfect Thesis definition, I must present the words of Aristotle. It was Aristotle who first defines the term as:“A ‘thesis’ is a supposition of some eminent philosopher that conflicts with the general opinion… for to ta ke notice when an ordinary person express views contrary to men’s usual opinions would be silly”.Hence for Aristotle, a thesis is a supposition which is stated differently than the general opinion of the others philosophers. It is the research work in which the scholar goes deep down into the topic to find a new aspect of the topic which is different from the general notion. It takes years of hard work and research to bring out something out of the box from a topic.What is the Thesis statement?As per our professional thesis writers thesis statement is present at the middle or end of the introductory paragraph of the paper. It offers the main idea of the thesis. Since it is a statement, it generally comes in a single sentence. In that one sentence, you can analyse the topic of the thesis.There are two types of thesis statement- direct and indirect. In the indirect thesis statement, the main idea or content of the topic is not revealed whereas, in the direct one, it is all clear from the beginning. For instance, there is a thesis statement as“I love football for two reasons.” Here the two reasons are hidden, and the whole thesiscomprises those two reasons. Hence the statement was an indirect thesis statement. However the statement-“I love football becau se of the wonderful players of Barcelona and the amazing tournaments.” is all direct to the readers, making it a direct thesis statement. Through this thesis statement example, you get to know about the difference between the two types of the thesis statement.The thesis statement helps in organising and developing the central ideas or body of the thesis. You can avail assistance with thesis statement writing from our professional experts.Thesis structure that should be followedAfter getting acknowledged with thesis definition, and thesis statement example, let’s discuss the thesis structure which should be followed. It matters a lot if you spent a lot of time in your research work, and still missed to follow the proper thesis structure. The thesis structure must be followed strictly, as the readers who will review your thesis will analyse your work thoroughly. There are a few essential things that must be present in a standard thesis structure, which comprises:An IntroductionThe introduction part is the beginning section. Hence this part introduces us to the topic and gives an idea about it. It is the introductory part, so it has the responsibility to let the readers get acquainted with the certain things of the thesis,such as- the problem it is concerned with, the aims and process to handle that problem.Although it does not reveal the whole thing plainly before the readers but gives an idea of the thesis structure. It has the sole responsibility to hold up the readers and generate their curiosity to go through the whole research work. It generally comprises of five to ten pages.BackgroundIn this section, the readers are introduced with the relevant history, facts and information about the topic which are already available in the past. It generally provides all the theories, data and views of the early researchers related to the topic to show or let the readers know about thework that has already been done by the previous researches on the related topic.It offers the general knowledge that should be understood to get an idea about the current discovery of the scholar. This chapter generally contains a history review on the topic, to let you know or give the context of what has been already researched on the current topic. It is required to get a better understanding of the research work of the scholar. Hence with the help of this section, you would be able to know what new things are discovered in your interest field, and how it could be beneficial in the required field.The coreThis concerns your own work, the hypothesis which you drew in the beginning, and your whole experimental research work. Here is your own space, where you explains the problem or topic in detail, applies the methods that can be useful in proving your arguments.The core should be more than half of your research work. Hence there is no limitation of the pages. It can also be called the ‘heart’ of your thesis, as it comprises your new ideas and discoveries which you put forth before the readers.SynthesisAlso known as ‘conclusion,’ this section provides the crux of the whole discussion that you had in thecore section. It is responsible for drawing the overall conclusion that you want to show to the readers at the end of your work. It presents your contribution or the ideas which you put forth in it. This section discusses your innovative ideas and the hypothesis that you proved in the previous section. It analyses the authenticity of your own results, in the light of the earlier works of other researchers. Hence, it helps the readers to examine the discovery in your topic.In a way, this section gives a reply to the question that you lay in the introduction section. There should be a strong connection between the introduction and this section. Here you end up either with a specific conclusion, or you let the readers question the existing general notion on the topic. This section helps them to think on the topic from a particular perspective.This thesis structure was the document body of the thesis, that is necessary to put in the content of the thesis. However, there are many other essential items that must be kept in mind to make it more appropriate. Here is the list of necessary things that should assist you in writing thesis :Title pageThis is the decorative page where the topic, the scholar, and the guide were being introduced to the readers. Here you give the essential details like- your name, your topic, name of the guide, name of the university, etc.AbstractAn abstract is an overview of your whole work. It summarizes your thesis in around 250-300 words. It is usually presented to the professors to give a quick glance of what your thesis is all about.PrefaceWhen you write a thesis, you do not think about the preface. Preface is written only after the completion of your research work. Generally, it carries a personal touch, i.e., you can describe the story or reason that evoked your idea on the topic. It is not directly relevant to the research work, but you can add acknowledgment too. However, this page is optional. You can delete it if you want to.Table of contentsThis section contains the essential chapters that are included in your thesis structure. The reader can view the different chapters that you have included in your work, by viewing this table.I am hereby giving the thesis example of the table of content, which can help you:List of symbols and abbreviationsIf you have used a large number of symbols and abbreviation in your research work, you must include a list of those symbols and abbreviations at the end page. All the symbols and abbreviations that you have used in it must be listed there, to make it easier for the readers.GlossaryOther than the symbols and abbreviations, if you have used any terms and phrases that are common in your topic, you must list them to give their definition and meaning. This list actually helps the readers to acknowledge the commonly used terms in the topic.AcknowledgmentIn acknowledgment, you give the credit of your work to all those people who helped or gave contribution in your research work. However, if you have already acknowledged them in the preface, you do not need to put this page.BibliographyThis is the essential part which is ignored by the scholars who are new to this field. Although itcarries huge importance, most of us do not know the proper way to write the Bibliography. It is the list of all the previous works which helped you to work on your research work. This list cites the work, journals, articles or the different sources that were helpful during your research work. Every work which you include in the bibliography must contain these following things:●The author’s name●Title of the resource●Name of the publishing house which published the resource●Date of publication●AppendicesThis is an important tool which provides additional information in a thesis. This list includes the data and information regarding the supplementary materials that were used by you during the development of your research work.However, after so many guidelines, we often miss a few things that should be followed. Hence to avoid such a situation, students are advised to take best thesis writing service from professionals. The online writers are professionals who can write thesis for master or for phd. Their service can get you an outstanding work for your academic degree.How to write a thesisFollowing the thesis structure to write a thesis is easy. However, writing a thesis which isconvincing and back the idea with research is challenging. Hence, here are a few tips to help you write thesis.Determine what interest youBefore selecting the topic, you must search out your interest of field. You can best explore and research on the subject which interests you well. Hence, you should take your time to discover the interest first.Read a lot, before deciding on your topicAs soon as you found out your interest, you can easily decide on your topic. But before deciding on the topic, give yourself enough time to read more on the selected topic. This will help you to decide if the topic you are planning to researchhas already been discovered or not. Sometimes people do not analyze that their topic has already been researched in recent times.Analyse the possibility of researchYou should give enough time to reading to analyze what is the current scenario, and the possibility to discover something new in that field. Try to collect as many sources for your research work as much as you can. These collections will help you to analyze if you get enough space and data for your research topic or not.Provide evidence to your argumentYou should provide an ample amount of evidence to prove your argument. Else your hypothesis will look vague and loosely built. Thecontent of the thesis can let your work stand out from the crowd if you make it more argumentative and strong through different shreds of evidence.。
How To Write a Thesis Statement
How To Write a Thesis StatementWhat is a Thesis Statement?Almost all of us—even if we don’t do it consciously—look early in an essay for a one- or two-sentence condensation of the argument or analysis that is to follow. We refer to that condensation as a thesis statement.Why Should Your Essay Contain a Thesis Statement?∙to test your ideas by distilling them into a sentence or two∙to better organize and develop your argument∙to provide your reader with a “guide” to your argumentIn general, your thesis statement will accomplish these goals if you think of the thesis as the answer to the question your paper explores.How Can You Write a Good Thesis Statement?Here are some helpful hints to get you started. You can either scroll down or select a link to a specific topic.How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is AssignedHow to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is not AssignedHow to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak OneHow to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is Assigned Almost all assignments, no matter how complicated, can be reduced to a single question. Your first step, then, is to distill the assignment into a specific question. For example, if your assignment is, “Write a report to the local school board explaining the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class,” turn the request into a question like, “What are the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class?” After you’ve chosen the question your essay will answer, compose one or two complete sentences answering that question.Q:“What are the potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class?”A: “The potential benefits of using computers in a fourth-grade class are . . .”ORA: “Using co mputers in a fourth-grade class promises to improve . . .”The answer to the question is the thesis statement for the essay.[Back to top]How to Generate a Thesis Statement if the Topic is not AssignedEven if your assignment doesn’t ask a specific question, your thesis statement still needs to answer a question about the issue you’d like to explore. In this situation, your job is to figure out what question you’d like to write about.A good thesis statement will usually include the following four attributes:∙take on a subject upon which reasonable people could disagree∙deal with a subject that can be adequately treated given the nature of the assignment ∙express one main idea∙assert your conclusions about a subjectLet’s see how to generate a thesis statement for a social policy paper.Brainstorm the topic.Let’s say that your class focuses upon the problems posed by changes in the dietary habits of Americans. You find that you are interested in the amount of sugar Americans consume.You start out with a thesis statement like this:Sugar consumption.This fragment isn’t a thesis statement. Instead, it simply indicates a general subject. Furthermore, your reader doesn’t know what you want to say about sugar consumption.Narrow the topic.Your readings about the topic, however, have led you to the conclusion that elementary school children are consuming far more sugar than is healthy.You change your thesis to look like this:Reducing sugar consumption by elementary school children.This fragment not only announces your subject, but it focuses on one segment of the population: elementary school children. Furthermore, it raises a subject upon which reasonable people could disagree, because while most people might agree that children consume more sugar than they used to, not everyone would agree on what should be done or who should do it. You should notethat this fragment is not a thesis statement because your reader doesn’t know your conclusions on the topic.Take a position on the topic.After reflecting on the topic a little while longer, you decide that what you really want to say about this topic is that something should be done to reduce the amount of sugar these children consume.You revise your thesis statement to look like this:More attention should be paid to the food and beverage choices available to elementary school children.This statement asserts your position, but the terms more attention and food and beverage choices are vague.Use specific language.You decide to explain what you mean about food and beverage choices, so you write:Experts estimate that half of elementary school children consume nine times the recommended daily allowance of sugar.This statem ent is specific, but it isn’t a thesis. It merely reports a statistic instead of making an assertion.Make an assertion based on clearly stated support.You finally revise your thesis statement one more time to look like this:Because half of all American elementary school children consume nine times the recommended daily allowance of sugar, schools should be required to replace the beverages in soda machines with healthy alternatives.Notice how the thesis answers the question, “What should be done to redu ce sugar consumption by children, and who should do it?” When you started thinking about the paper, you may not have had a specific question in mind, but as you became more involved in the topic, your ideas became more specific. Your thesis changed to reflect your new insights.[Back to top]How to Tell a Strong Thesis Statement from a Weak One1. A strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand.Remember that your thesis needs to show your conclusions about a subject. For example, if you are writing a paper for a class on fitness, you might be asked to choose a popular weight-loss product to evaluate. Here are two thesis statements:There are some negative and positive aspects to the Banana Herb Tea Supplement.This is a weak thesis statement. First, it fails to take a stand. Second, the phrase negative and positive aspects is vague.Because Banana Herb Tea Supplement promotes rapid weight loss that results in the loss of muscle and lean body mass, it poses a potential danger to customers.This is a strong thesis because it takes a stand, and because it's specific.2. A strong thesis statement justifies discussion.Your thesis should indicate the point of the discussion. If your assignment is to write a paper on kinship systems, using your own family as an example, you might come up with either of these two thesis statements:My family is an extended family.This is a weak thesis because it merely states an observation. Y our reader won’t be able to tell the point of the statement, and will probably stop reading.While most American families would view consanguineal marriage as a threat to the nuclear family structure, many Iranian families, like my own, believe that these marriages help reinforce kinship ties in an extended family.This is a strong thesis because it shows how your experience contradicts a widely-accepted view.A good strategy for creating a strong thesis is to show that the topic is controversial. Readers will be interested in reading the rest of the essay to see how you support your point.3. A strong thesis statement expresses one main idea.Readers need to be able to see that your paper has one main point. If your thesis statement expresses more than one idea, then you might confuse your readers about the subject of your paper. For example:Companies need to exploit the marketing potential of the Internet, and Web pages can provide both advertising and customer support.This is a weak thesis statement beca use the reader can’t decide whether the paper is about marketing on the Internet or Web pages. To revise the thesis, the relationship between the two ideas needs to become more clear. One way to revise the thesis would be to write:Because the Internet is filled with tremendous marketing potential, companies should exploit this potential by using Web pages that offer both advertising and customer support.This is a strong thesis because it shows that the two ideas are related. Hint: a great many clear and engaging thesis statements contain words like because, since, so, although, unless, and however.4. A strong thesis statement is specific.A thesis statement should show exactly what your paper will be about, and will help you keep your paper to a manageable topic. For example, if you're writing a seven-to-ten page paper on hunger, you might say:World hunger has many causes and effects.This is a weak thesis statement for two major reasons. First, world hunger can’t be discussed thoroughly in seven to ten pages. Second, many causes and effects is vague. You should be able to identify specific causes and effects. A revised thesis might look like this:Hunger persists in Glandelinia because jobs are scarce and farming in the infertile soil is rarely profitable.This is a strong thesis statement because it narrows the subject to a more specific and manageable topic, and it also identifies the specific causes for the existence of hunger. Produced by Writing Tutorial Services, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN。
How to write a thesis
一、前言
二、记忆方法
1. 联想记忆法
2. 象形记忆法
3. 组合记忆法
4. 词根记忆法
三、总结
3. 即要有理论空间。例：
--“学生的英语学习兴趣培养” （没有理论空间）
--“论英语词汇学习的重要性”（不言而喻）
-- “外语词汇习得与阅读能力”（有一定的理论空间）
-- “文化图式与阅读能力”（具有比较宽广的理论空间）
泾渭分明”的。
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Plan of the graduation thesis writing
第一阶段：论文写作准备阶段
• 确定指导教师和命题（2013年9月15日—2013年9月28日）：学生与指导 教师交流选题思路，请教指导教师与本论文论题有关的参考书目和资料， 最终与指导教师商讨并确定论题。
• 完成开题申请及论文大纲（2013年9月29日—2014年1月4日）：学生在 此阶段需大量查阅与选题相关的资料，填写论文开题报告书并且向指导教 师提呈所拟定写作提纲。各指导教师在12月31日前组织自己的学生进行开 题讨论，审定其论文写作的可行性、写作框架的合理性，并给予指导意见 。根据指导教师的意见，学生认真修改开题报告书，并于1月4日之前交到 院教务办公室。
3. 毕业论文的撰写可以培养和提高学生的思维能力。 4. 毕业论文的撰写可以提高学生的写作水平。 5. 毕业论文的撰写可以培养学生初步的科研能力，为撰写更
高级的学术论文奠定了基础。
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How to choose a research topic?
1. 符合专业培养目标
2. 论题要有学术性
e.g.论单词记忆法( 下面不是论文，而是综述，即归纳某一 主题。要尽量避免）
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文献收集与整理
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在论证中，还应注意这样两点：
1.过渡衔接。论证过程中随着层次的展开，中 间环节的出现，间接论据的运用，使复杂处 清晰，隐蔽处显露，以达到连贯思路，承上 启下的效果。 2.有时需要用说明的方法。比如在论证中，不 易了解或易产生误会的地方，就必须加以解 释。有时需要用叙述的方法。比如叙述别人 或自己的主张等。但无论是说明还是叙述， 都必须能直接地或间接地起论证作用。
也称并列递进式结构或纵横交叉式结构。有些论文的层次关系特别复杂，不能只 用一种单一的结构形式，需要把并列式和递进式结合起来，形成一种混合的结构 形式。采用混合式结构，又有两种形式：一是在并列的过程中，在每一个并列的 面上，又展开递进；一是在递进的过程中，在每一个递进层次上，又展开并列。
并列式结构示例
• 例：题目：《力求完美》
引论：欲坐完美人，谈何容易，但我们应该力求 完美。 本论 1.力求完美，在于你的自信。 2.力求完美，在于你的谦虚。 3.力求完美，在于你的执着。 结论：完美的生命，在于“力求”二字。
递进式结构示例
例：题目：《多为他人着想》
引论：由雷锋精神引出论点—要为他人着想。 本论：1.为什么要为他人着想。 2.怎样为他人着想。 结论：多为他人着想。
(二)结论严谨，条理清楚
• 本论的篇幅长，容量大，层次较多，头绪纷繁， 如果不按一定的次序来安排文章内容，就会层次 不清，结构混乱，大大降低表达的效果。
• 根据层次之间的不同关系，可以把本论部分的结 构形式划分为并列式、递进式和混合式等三种类 型。
(二)结论严谨，条理清楚
又称平列式结构或横式结 构。它的特点是，围绕中 心论点划分为几个分论点 和层次，各个分论点和层 次平行排列，分别从不同 角度、不同侧面论证中心 论点，使文章呈现出一种 多管齐下、齐头并进的格 局。 又称推进式结构或纵式结 构。它对需要论证的问题， 采取一层深于一层的形式 安排结构，使层次之间呈 现一种层层展开、步步深 入的逻辑关系，从而使中 心论点得到深刻透彻的论 证。
驳论的方法
常用的驳论方法有：
A.直接反驳。即运用论据或推理，直接证明对方论点是 片面、虚假或错误的，这是驳论中最常用的方法。 B.反证法。为了证明对方的论点是错误的，可以先证明 与其相矛盾的另一论点是正确的。 C.归谬法。先假定对方的论点是对的，以此为前提，推 导出一个明显荒谬的结论，从而证明对方论点是错误 的。
论文写作的基本方式是用论据对论点进行论证， 论点、论据、论证是毕业论文的三大基本要素。
本论的三要素
1.论点 2.论据 3.论证
论点
（1）论点的定义
（2）论点的层次
（3）论点的结构
（4）论点的基本要求
论据
(1)论据的概念
论据是用来证明论点的材料和依据。论据要 真实、充分、典型、新鲜，要与论点统一。
• 论证或反驳的方法有很多种，究竟用那一 种或哪几种，要根据论证的实际需要来确 定。一般来说，单纯地只用一种论证方法 是很少见的，在多数情况下，需要将集中 论证或反驳的方法结合起来，才能取得好 的论证效果。
本论写作的具体步骤
1、通读材料并充分理解材料
2、明确论点和选定材料
3、拟定本论的详细提纲（略） 4、按照提纲写本论
How to write the body of a thesis ?
怎样写论文本论？
怎样写论文本论？
一、本论基本概念 二、撰写本论的三要素 三、本论写作的具体步骤 四、本论的基本要求
正文是论文的核心内容，它包括: 序论、本论和结论。
本论是论文的主体部分，是分析问题、
论证观点的主要部分，也是最能显示作 者的研究成果和学术水平的重要部分。 论文所体现的创造性成果或新的研究结 果，都将在这一部分得到充分的反映。 一篇论文质量的高低，主要取决于本论 部分写得怎样。
论证
（ 1 ）论证的定义：论证就是作者利用论据证明论点的 正确性或敌对论点错误性的过程和方法，是作者对所 要解决的问题进行分析、解决的过程。本论部分最主 要的任务是组织论证，以理服人。为此，必须围绕论 点，运用论据，展开充分的论证。 （2）论证的分类： 一般分为立论和驳论两大类型
立论：
正面阐述自己的观点，证明它的正确性，从 而把论点确立起来的过程就叫立论，也叫做 证明。
Thank you!
5、检查与修改
本论部分的要求
论证充分，说服力强 结构严谨，条理清楚
观点和材料相统一
(一)论证充分，说服力强 • 本论部分最主要的任务是组织论证， 以理服人。作者要千方百计地证明自 己的观点是正确的、可信的。为此， 必须围绕论点，运用论据和多种有效 的论证方法（如：立论、驳论）展开 充分的论证。论证就是要用论据来证 明论点的正确性或证明敌对论点错误 性的过程和方法。
常用的证明方法有：
例证法 引证法 分析法 演绎论证
驳论
所谓驳论，是以有力的论据反驳别人的论点，证明别人的论 点是错误的、荒谬的，从而证明自己观点正确性的一种论证 方法。驳论可分为驳论点、驳论据和驳论证三种。 反驳论点：直接反驳对方论点本身的片面，虚假或谬误，这 是波轮中最常用的方法。 反驳论据：揭示对方论据的错误，以达到推到对方论点目的。 因为错误的论据必然会引出错误的论点。 反驳论证：揭露对方在论证过程中的逻辑错误，如大前提、小 前提与结论的矛盾，对方各论点之间的矛盾，论点 与论证之间的矛盾等等。
(三)观点和材料相统一
将观点和材料有机 地结合起来，以观 点统帅材料，以材 料证明观点。
材料应按照各自所要证 明的观点来安排，随着 观点间逻辑关系及排列 顺序的明确，材料自然 也各得其位
但是，在同一内容层次之中的观点与材料应怎样安排，
究竞是先出观点还是先列材料，在起草时不能不斟酌 一番。为了避免雷同，应该有所变化。一般是先摆观 点，后列材料；有时也可以先列材料，再摆观点；还 可以边摆观点边列材料，夹叙夹议，由浅入深。总之， 要把材料和观点紧紧地糅合在一起，有机地统一起来， 为表现文章的中心服务。
Attention
The body, the biggest and most important part of the paper, is where the writer elaborates his or her ideas. It is advisiable to divide the body into several sections with or without headings or subheadings. But the writer should take care not to use too many headings or different kinds of numerals before sections and paragraphs, for they may confuse rather than help the reader.
混合式结构示例
以《英语情感教学与对策》为例:
I.序论 II.对情感教育内涵的浅思 A．情感教育内涵 B．情感教育与英语学习的关系 III.影响外语学习的情感因素 A．态度；B．动机；C．自信心；D．语言焦虑 IV. 调动积极情感因素的对策 A．培养学习兴趣，激发学习动机； B．创设愉悦情境，降低学习焦虑； C．关注学生的情感，增强学生的自信。 V.结论
(2)论据的分类
A.事实论据:真实的事实、数据材料、虚构的事 实（如神话、寓言、民间故事等）、可靠的 史实以及亲身经历等。事实在论文中论据作 用十分明显，通过分析事实，论证其道理。 B.理论论据:是读者比较熟悉的，或者是为社会 普遍承认的，它们是对大量事实抽象，概括 的结果。它包括名人名言、格言、谚语、俗 语、成语及科学上的公理、规律等。