高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit5 Two Basic Ways to See Growth素材

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高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 56 What is Autism素材

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 56 What is Autism素材Unit 56What is Autism?Autism is a lifelong developmental disorder that affects the way a person municates and relates to other people. The range and intensity of disability varies widely, but all individuals affected by autism have difficulty with munication, learning and social skills. Autism usually manifests during the first three years of life. Impaired social interaction is the hallmark symptom. Many people affected by autism do not have even one friend. This is very stressful to them and to their families. Individuals affected by autism may also exhibit repeated body movements, unusual responses to people or attachments to objects, resistance to changes in routine, and extreme sensory sensitivity. This monly includes severe reactions to noise and touch, may contribute to increased levels of anxiety and often means that significant levels of supervision are required. There is no definitive cause or cure, but specialized interventions can give individuals affected by autism the tools they need to lead full and productive lives.There are many different myths surrounding autism in the world. Here, are some of the truths about it.Autism is not rare. The latest statistics indicate one in 165 Canadians is affected by Autism, an increase of over 600% in the past ten years. What was once viewed as a rare disorder is now recognized as the most mon neurological disorder affecting children.Autism is not an emotional disturbance, but a neurodevelopmental disorder.Parents do NOT cause autism. It's not the fault of poor parenting. However,parents DO need support to manage difficult behaviors with structure and consistency.People do not "grow out" of autism. With early intervention and good educational programs progress may be significantly better. The autistic need to be learning, living and working in settings where there is ample opportunity to municate and interact with others who have the skills they need.People affected by autism range from those with a severe developmental disability to those who are intellectually gifted. In a similar way, the spectrum includes individuals who are non-verbal and can learn to use augmentative munication systems and those who are highly verbal but have difficulty using language in social situations and understanding non-verbal munication. It is very rare for someone affected by autism to demonstrate the fantastic mathematical and artistic abilities exhibited by Dustin Hoffman's character in the film "Rainman", but many people with autism have isolated skills in areas such as date calculation, statistics or rote memory.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 80 Civil Rights Movement against Segregation in the US素材

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 80 Civil Rights Movement against Segregation in the US素材Unit 80Civil Rights Movement against Segregation in the USDuring and after World War II, challenges to segregation became more common and more successful. Three major factors accounted for this:-- The Great MigrationThe g reat migrat ion was the movement of blacks from the Southern states to the Northern and Western ones for a range of reasons including better jobs, better schools, and a less racist environment. It began during World War I, continued during the 1930s, and expanded dramatically in the 1940s and 1950s. The great migration introduced millions of blacks to a world in which formal segregation did not exist and basic facilities, like transportation, restaurant, and public bathrooms, were open to all people. However, the North was not without racism. Blacks could not move to certain neighborhoods, were denied access to many jobs, and were informally segregated. But, despite segregation and exclusion by individuals, unions, and employers, blacks who moved to the North were able to love without the oppression of day-to-day segregation. They were thus better able to oppose legalized segregation in the South.-- Changes in American PoliticsWhile the great migration changed how black Americans lived, the Great Depression of the 1930s and the New Deal altered American politics by setting a precedent for government activism. The administration of President Frankl in Roosevelt assumed a new role of intervening in society to ensure jobs, justice, and the prosperity of the American people, who were severely affected by the Depression. Roosevelt himself was liberal on race and appointed blacks to high offices. The president's wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, made clear her hatred for segrega tion. In a gesture that symbolized a sharp break with previous administrations, she invited the National Council of Negro Women to have tea at the White House. By the eve of World War II, black voters regularly elected officials in a number of Northern states. These newly elected officials actively fought against segregation and racism although not always successfully.-- Social and Cultural ChangesA final drive to the civil rights movement was World War II. The struggle against Nazism forced some Americans to reconsider the legitimacy of racism in the United States. The Holoc aust of six million Jews, merely because of their ethnicity, led some Americans to realize that racism could be a threa t to democracy itself. Blacks also served in the military in unprecedented number s. Thus, the war experience though t many people that equality was possible. Following the war, black veteransreturned with a new sense of purpose. Joining them in the struggle against segregation was a better-educated and financially more secure black middle class and working class living in the North. Many blacks had earned high wages in war industries, were members of industrial unions, and politically active. Finally, the postwar world forced the government to face the threat that segregation posed to international relations. After the war, many colonies in Asia and Africa gained their independence from European domination. At the same time, the Cold War struggle with the Communist Government of USSR forced the Unit ed States to seek the good will of these nations. Segregation undermined the nation's ability to negotiate with these new nations while giving the USSR ammunition in its propaganda war against the United States. Leaders of the American foreign policy establishment urged an end to segregation at home as a way of fighting Communism abroad.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 59 Four Rules for a Succes

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 59 Four Rules for aSuccessful Marriage素材Unit 59Four Rules for a Successful MarriageCouples usually ask for advice when they are just about ready to throw in the towel. Their Love Banks have been losing love units so long that they are now deeply in the red. And their negative Love Bank accounts makes them feel very unfortable just being in the same room with each other. To be in love again means they must re-deposit all of the love units that were withdrawn. In order to deposit enough love units to fall in love, they must follow rules that they don't feel like following.The Rule of Care: Meet Your Spouse's Most Important Emotional NeedsEven when the feeling of love begins to fade, or when it's gone entirely, it can be recovered when ever you both go back to being an expert at knowing each other's needs and learn to meet those needs in a way that is fulfilling to your spouse, and enjoyable for you, too.The Rule of Protection: Avoid Being the Cause of Your Spouse's Unhappiness It's pointless to deposit love units if you withdraw them right away. So in addition to meeting important emotional needs, you must be sure to protect the Love Bank from withdrawals by paying attention to ow your everyday behavior makes each other unhappy. You and your spouse were born to be angry, disrespectful, demanding, annoy and dishonest. These are normal human traits that I call Love Busters because they destroy affection. To eliminate them, you will do whatever it takes to overe these destructive tendencies for your spouse's protection.The Rule of HonestyReveal to your spouse as much information about yourself as you know -- your thoughts, feelings, habits, likes, dislikes, personal history, daily activities, and plans for the future. Honesty and Openness can trigger the feeling of love. But its counterpart, dishonesty, is one of the most destructive Love Busters. Besides, honesty is the only way couples will e to understand each other. To avoid conflict, they sometimes deliberately misinform each other as to their feelings, personal history, activities, and plans. This not only leads to a failure to meet an important emotional need, and a withdrawal of love units when the deception is discovered, it also makes marital conflicts impossible to resolve. After all, how can you and your spouse solve a problem if your cards are not on the table? Without honesty, the adjustments that are crucial to the creation of patibility in your marriage cannot be made.The Rule of Time: Take Time to Give Your Spouse Your Undivided Attention When you are dating, you give each other this kind of attention and you fall in love. When people have affairs, they also give each other this kind of attention to keep their love for each other alive. Why should courtship and affairs be the only times love is created? Why can't it happen in marriage as well? It can, if you set aside time every week to give each other undivided attention. Schedule your time to be alone with each other as your highest priority, even if your career, your time with your children, and a host of other demands will pete for your time together.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit22 The Voices of Time素材

Unit 22The Voices of TimeTime talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time communicates in many ways.Consider the different parts of the day, for example. The time of the day when something is done can give a special meaning to the event. Managers in the US fully realize the importance of an announcement made during the middle of the mor ning or afternoon that takes everyone away from his work.In the US, it is not customary to call som eone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is urgent and requires imme diate attention. The same meaning is attached to phone c alls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it is a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.Imagine the excitement and fear caused by a crowd of people arriving at the door at 2:00 am. On an island in the South Pacific, a plant manager from the US had just such an experience. The natives of the island met one night to discuss a problem, when they arrived at a solution, they went to see the manager and woke him up to tell him what had been decided. Unfortunately, it was after 2 o'clock in the morning. They did not know th at it is a very serious matte r to wake up Americans at this hour. The manager, who did not understand the local culture, thought there was a fight and called out the military troops. it never occurred to him or to the natives that parts of a day have different meanings in different cultures.In social life, time plays an important part. In the US, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only3 or4 days before the party date. But in other areas of the world, it may bec onsidered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because it tends to be forgotten.Americans look ahead and are concerned with the future. The American idea of future is limited, howev er. It is the foreseeable future and not the future of the South Asians, which may involve centuries.Promptness is also valued highly in American life. People who are not prompt may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. A person who is 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps h e will not complete the sentence. To an American, being half an hour late is the beginning of the "insultperiod". No matter what is said in apology, there is little that can remove the damage done by a 30-minute wait.Since time has such different meanings in different cultures, communication is sometimes difficult. We will understand each other a little better if we keep this fact in m ind.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 89 Seven Myths of Single W

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 89 Seven Myths ofSingle Womanhood素材Unit 89Seven Myths of Single WomanhoodThere is much confusion and concern over what it means to be a single lady. This is because most young women swallow enough of the singlehood lies to permeate themselves with single sickness. It is hard not to believe these myths. They're fed to us everywhere, even from well-meaning people who try to be encouraging.Myth 1. Singleness is lonely. This is simply not the case. The only singles who claim to be lonely are those who choose to be lonely. Perhaps if a young woman is living on her own, there is more room for this feeling to creep in. One of the reasons why singleness seems so daunting is because of the very term itself: Single. It conjures up the image of a lone person, going through life with no panions. Yet being a single only applies to the lack of a marriage partner. To call yourself lonely when all you lack is one person in your life is foolish. There is a whole host of other people whose relationships can be just as meaningful as a marriage partner. The single life should only open up more opportunities for relationships to develop.Myth 2. Singleness is a waiting period. This is partially true; but when made the main focus, it actually bees devastating. We've all heard about waiting for our ship to e in. it means that one of these days we're going to get a big break (marriage), and then life will be more meaningful after that (close panionship, children, etc.).I think this is more of an intellectual problem than anything else. The difference es when we change our mode of thinking. Instead of thinking about waiting, why not think about doing? Your single years can be some of the best years of your life, so why not get busy today?Myth3. If you're single, other people should feel badly for you. Why do people tend to be sympathetic toward singles? Because single people ask for it. There are few examples of truly contented singles. Even under a pretense of satisfaction, there lies a note of discontent and perhaps anger. Single women need to cultivate a proper attitude and choose to be cheerful.Myth 4. The older you are, the less of a chance there is of getting arrived. Being younger definitely doesn't mean more qualified. In fact e longer you wait, the more advantages you may have. The longer the wait until you are married, the greater chance to refute this myth!Myth 5. Not ever having had a young man interested in you should be cause for concern. This myth is the root of why many women struggle with singleness. If they could have just one opportunity to turn down a date, the single life could be more bearable. Women who have never had a guy o much as look their way envy others who seem to have an endless supply of courtship partners. Think of this: romantic interest can be very disordered. So often what people call true love is only a passing fancy (no matter how long it may linger!) There are many men who seemingly have a romantic interest in a woman, when it is all really just an attraction. There are men who give attention to a woman so they can have their own ego flattered. Not all men are like this, but it happens more often than we think. Don't think all attention is meaningful.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 65 The Ameri

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 65 The American SleepDeficit素材Unit 65The American Sleep DeficitThere are many things that divide Americans. But at least one thing unites us. Most of us -- 64 percent, to be precise -- are sleep-deprived. A recent survey by the National Sleep Foundation found that lack of sleep interfer es with the daily activities of 40 percent of adults.Now before you yawn, rub your eyes and hit the snooze button, consider the consequences of living in a nation of sleepyheads. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, sleep deprivation is responsible for at least 100,000 crashes and 1,500 deaths a year. But while we have national campaigns against drunk driving and speeding, there is no outcry against driving while sleepy. Maybe it's because we can't measure fatigue with a yawnometer. But I think the real answer lies in our workaholic culture's contempt for a time-waster like sleep. "I never sleep, because sleep i s the cousin of death," Nas rapped in "N.Y. State of Mind"."Anything which tends to slow work down is a waste," Thomas Edison said, predicting that the light bulb would make 24-hour workdays possible. And, indeed, over the past century Americans have reduced their average nightly sleep time by more than 20 percent -- wearing the dark circles under their eyes like badges of honor. Our political leaders are particularly proud of how little rest they get. "None of us have had a great deal of sleep," a bleary eyed President Bush said after burning the midnight oil deciding whether or not to bomb Iraq.Unfortunately, there is a strong correlat ion between poor decision-making and lack of sleep. A NASA study found that 21 percent of pilot errors are related to fatigue. The American Airlines crash in Arkansas earlier this month may have been due to the pilots' impaired judgment after 13 1/2 straight hours on duty. And sleep deprivation has been a factor in some of the biggest disasters in recent history, including Chernobyl, the Exxon Valdez spill, the Challenger explosion and the marriage of Pamela Anderson and Tommy Lee.Even putting aside disasters like these, sleep deprivation costs US businesses $100 billion a year in accidents and reduce d productivity. Prof. Moore-Ede of the Harvard Medical School has recommended napping policies for corporations, an in some offices nap times are starting to replace coffee breaks. Dr. James Maas, author of "Power Sleep", is al so an advocate of sleeping on the job: "By napping for 15 to 20 minutes, you can regain creativity and problem-solving skills."Imagination, originality, the ability to think -- all qualities conspicuously lacking in our leaders -are the first casualties of sleep deprivation. Those aspiring to leadership should read history. Thomas Jefferson, Winston Churchill and Rona ld Reagan were all renowned nappers. "Don't think," C hurchill warn ed his colleagues,"you will be doing less work because you sleep during the day. That's a foolish notion held by people w ho have no imagination. You will be able to accomplish more."Maybe we should spend more time worrying about how many hours our leaders are sleeping rather than whom they are sleeping with. Now that o ur budget is in the black, how about turning our attention to the national sleep deficit?。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit10 Motorism素材

Unit 10MotorismThe scene is a petrol station somewhere in England. A queue of cars stretches back over a kilometer down the road. As veh icles move slowly to wards the pumps, the air fills with the sound of the car horns. People are getting frustrated and angry. Suddenly a fight starts. Two respectable-looking men in business suits are hitting each other. One has accused the other of jumping the queue. The British petrol crisis started in Sep. 2000, and car owners began panic buying. Many are genuinely worried about being able to get to work. But many more had no need for petrol. They still waitedfor hours to put tiny amounts in the fuel tank. Others wasted their fuel driving from place to place trying to buy more. Soon a serious shortage developed.Things are back to normal now. But the big scare has raised lots of questions about the effectof car culture on society in general. According to sociologists, a motorist is not just a person who uses a car to go from one place to another. He is someone whose attitudes and beliefs are closely linked to the fact that he owns a car. He has a certain way of looking at he world. Call it "motorism".It is a philosophy that can be summed up in two words -- me first.To the committed motorist, the car represents freedom. People without cars have to wait for bus or train. They go where it wants them to go. And they have no choice over who goes with them. The car driver can go exactly where he wants. he can choose the t ime of journey and travel with anyone he likes, or no one at all. When he passes a line of people at a bus stop, he smiles. Heis a different and better human being. He is a car-owner.Gradually, th e car becomes part of his family. The thought that it might go short of petrol affects him in the same way as the thought his child might go hungry. He will do anything or go anywhereto satisfy that hunger. Many car owners do not think like this. They depend on a car for physical reasons. But others become psychologically depe ndent on their cars.Car culture is an accepted part of many Western societies. But the panic buying of petrol in Sep. showed that it would be a dangerous way to think. It is like having a friend who believes he can fly. Everybody laughs, unt il he jumps out of the window.There are signs that people are realizing this. Some of those who queued for hours for petrol nowsay they are a bit a shamed of themselves. Next time they will stop and think. According to the manufacturers, bicycle sales have risen by over 30 percent since the crisis. Some people are atlast trying to break the car habit. Bicycles might be slower and less comfort able than cars. But everyone knows who is in charge.1 / 1。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit33 The Founder of RollsRoyce (II)素材

Unit 33The Founder of Rolls-Royce (II)About the same time, Charles Rolls was also in busin ess for himself, like Royce, very successfully. But a chieving this had been rather less of a struggle for Rolls than it was for his future partner. Rolls was born into the aristocracy, being the third son of Lord and Lady Llangattock. The landed gentry were never expected to work in those days and Rolls, like most young men in similar families, was reared for a life of ease and luxury. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge University where his natural talent for engineering work enabled him to gain a degree in Mechanical Engineering and Applied Sciences. It was while he was still at Cambridge that he began to take an interest in the fledgling motor industry. He went to France with his father and on his return bought himself a car, which soon made a name for himself with Rolls at the wheel. It was the first car ever seen at Cambridge. By the time Rolls graduated, he was probably the most skilful driver in the country. In 1902, Rolls had gone into business for himself selling motor cars and the firm, known as CS Rolls Co. quickly became a leading motor car distributor.Rolls, however, still had two major ambitions. First he wanted his name to be associated with cars in the same way as Chubb's was with safes and Steinway's was with pianos. And, secondly, he wanted to find a British car as good or preferably better than the foreign cars he was then selling. But he very nearly missed his chance to achieve both these aims at once because when Henry Edmunds, a sh areholder in Royce Ltd, told Rolls about Hen ry Royce's new 2 cylinder car, Rolls assumed that it would be as noisy and inefficient as all the other 2 cylinder cars on the road. He was, of course, wrong and Henry Edmunds persuaded Rolls to make the trip up to Manchester to see the car.Rolls, Edmunds and Royce met at t he Midland Hotel in Manchester and the meeting was an immediate s uccess. Rolls tried the car and became a wholehearted enthusiast and he said afterwards that Royce "was the man I have been looking for years". An agreement was quickly reached giving Rolls exclusive sales rights for all the cars Royce could produce and the two men really got down to work. On December 23rd, 1904, a contract between the two companies was signed, including a clause stipulating that all the cars should be called "Rol ls-Royce".The story of the brand goes back 100 years and its name has become linked with that of Bentley Motors since the 1930s. But the greatest change in its long and illustrious history took place towards the end of the last millennium. The company had been owned by British defense group Vickers plc since 1980, and was sold to thehighest bidder -- Volkswagen -- in 1998. The German car maker took control of Bentley and the factory in Crewe, Cheshire but the right to the famous Rolls-Royce name was retained by aero engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce plc.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 92 The Networked Economy E

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 92 The NetworkedEconomy Explosion素材Unit 92The Networked Economy ExplosionWhat we're witnessing today in the realm of cyberspace -- the online reformulation of everything from the way we play and learn to how we shop and trade stocks -- may represent no less a world-transforming change than the spectacular burst of creation in the era of Cambrian Explosion so long ago.new Rules for the New Economy by Kevin Kelly is a guidebook that informs us about what to expect and how to deal with the fabulous things to e. The key premise of this book is that the principles governing th world of soft -- the world of intangibles, of media, of software, and of services -- will soon mand the world of the hard -- the world of reality, of atoms, of objects, of steel and oil, and the hard work done by the sweat of brows.The book appeals to geeks and also turns on mainstream readers who are a little more than curious about where the digitally rendered world is headed. Where it's likely headed, in Kelly's words, is "upside down". Chew on the idea that "the surest way to smartness is through massive dumbness". What that means in essence is that tiny puter chips, though relatively dumb on their own, can be added to billions of mundane objects and, thereby, yield substantial economic benefits.In the conventional world of supply and demand where we all grow up, value came from scarcity. As in diamonds, gold and oils. In a world of digital imperatives, power es from abundance. That was a principle Apple tragically failed to understandwhen it backed off from licensing its graphic pute interface, assuring that its market share would be savaged by Microsoft's more open Windows operating system.That leads us to another of Kelly's laws: follow the free. As the law of plentitude kicks in, savvy panies such as Netscape distribute its Web browser for free in order to sell auxiliary services or products. Similarly, expensive cell phones are offered as freebies to gain contracts for phone services.Kelly finally tells us to look around and see how much the world has changed under our own feet. An American farmer today may still get some dirt under his fingernails, but much of his labor is performed under the umbrella of the electronic network. His tractor has a wireless phone and a satellite-linked GPS location device; his home puter is connected to a never-ending stream of weather data, grain market reports and moisture detectors in the soil.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit27 Evaluation Students素材

Unit 27Evaluation by StudentsIt used to be that if what students had to say about their professors was unprintable, it remained that way. No longer. Formal evaluations of teachers by students, something that would have been viewed as the height of disrespect a generation ago, have become accepted procedure on most campuses. The evaluations are used to improve teaching, to help students choose courses and assist faculty and administrators in promotion and tenure decisions.People tend to think of teaching as just involving content. But teaching is about getting the knowledge into students' heads and it is harder to find anyone who is a better judge of whether they are learning something than the students themselves. At most universities, students get evaluation forms in the final 15 minutes of the last day of a course and are asked to fill them out anonymously.In addition to the institutionalized procedures for faculty evaluations, informal course guides are also published and sold by students at some universities. One of the oldest of these guides is the "Confidential Guide to Courses", or the "Confi Guide," put out by the editors the Harvard Crimson. "The first purpose is to be humorous; the second purpose, if on e can't be humorous, is to be interesting, and last, we're trying to be informative," said Jonathan Moses, managing editor of The Crimson. "We're not like the CUE Guide," he said, referring to th e official university course guide, "They are looking for s ubstance, not style -- a terrible thing."Here is w hat the Confi Guide had to say about a course taught by a world-famous Harvard professor. "You will be going to the most expensive theater sow of your life -- a couple of hundred bucks to watch a famous guy stroke his ego in front of 300 students." About another course, the guide says, "They shouldn't have bothered," and adds that in the class, taught by another eminent profe ssor, "Teacher's ability and faculty rank are inversely proportional."At Stanford University, the official guide has been computerized. Students is able to use a terminal to find out all the courses taught on a cer tain day or the names of the course taught by a certain professor or what requirements a given cour se fulfills. At the end of each course description is a student evaluation section, which asks questions like, "What are the best things about the class? How would you rate the course? What would you say to a student taking this course?" Besides, individual faculty members are encouraged to devise their own questionnaires for their students. These are used to help faculty members to improve their teachingand to make decisions about tenure. The reality of the situation is that the range of comments you get on the evaluation forms is so extreme that you wonder is all the students were taking the same curse.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit26 Friends Bring Happiness素材

Unit 26Friends Bring HappinessWe sit around the rough wooden table i n the summer cabin for a class reunion. About 15 men and women who have one thing in common: we all went to elementary school together. A classmate sums it up. "What's most important in life is friendship. I don't know what I'd do without my friends." The room full of gray hair applauds in agreement.Decades of research have documented that friendship is good for your health. People with friends have lower death rates. They recover faster from illness. Just why friendship is a healing force is the focus of much research. As scientists try to unravel the DNA code book of life, I look around the table at my classmates.There are old memories of the gray-haired music teacher. There are turning points of weddings, births, funerals. Laughter and gossip. Crises of illness, d espair, and loss. At its most basic level, f riendship is a human connection that involve affection and intimacy. In the inner circle, there is a continual sharing of the most important details of your life. Whom do you confide in on a regu lar basis? Whom can you call upon if you need help? Whom do you call if you want celebrate? The inner circle today may include spouses, lovers, college roommates and cousins, children and grandchildren, colleagues, and children of friends.There are lots o f ways to get love and intimacy. You don't have to be married. It doesn't matter whether it's friends or relatives. You have to rely on somebody for emotional support.Some of us are Marco Polo types who left the area long ago. A large percentage stayed, raising their children as we were raised along well-worn paths. Yet the themes of being tested and finding a haven of loving friendship are the same. Since nursery school, each of us has spread out and created new networks. It's as though we were b orn into a certain biological family and have ended up with a diverse web of kinship.Doctors warn us a lack of friends can be hazardous to health. Isolation and alienation a re risk factors for diseases. Research with monkeys shows that adult females housed alone are twice as likely to develop diseases of arteries as animals that live in small groups. In a study of patients hospitalized for heart attacks, 38 percent of th ose without social support network died in the hospital, compared with 11 percent of those who had support.The experience of being loved, cherished, esteemed and cared for protects people from disease. It also makes life worthwhile.Yet building an inner circle of intimates takes work, especially as people ageand lose old friends. If only drug compan ies could bottle friendship, and doctors prescribe it.Making -- and keeping -- friends is the ultimate task in self-care. It's up to us to maintain connections -- to make the phone call, send the mail, exchange the photos. That's why we started to plan for next year's reunion.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 54 Slow Food

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 56 What is Autism素材Unit 54Slow Food MovementThe International Slow Food Movement was founded in 1986 by leftist journalist C arlo Petrini in a determined effort to wage intellectual war on the homogenization of food around the world. Spurred by the opening of Italy's first McDonald's in Rome, Carlo started the organization determined to save regional foods and small producers from extinction and to revive taste and the senses.The backbone of the non-profit organization are groups of people who meet informally to share and promote local small producers, to learn about culinary traditions and cultures, and to arrange tastings. An important aspect of Slow Food was introduced to identify and publicize endangered foods such as tuna roe and Moselle red peaches, and to encourage people to seek them out, with the theory that if the market demands, s upply will increase. Another important component of Slow Food is the commitment to teach children about taste and food and to develop their senses and their appreciation of food and the pleasures of the table.Slow Food Festivals are broad-reaching, not o nly acknowledging and encouraging individual artisans, but also celebrating the role of food throu ghout every aspect of culture. Workshops where tastes are explored in their cultural context are an important component of the International Slow Food Movement. For insta nce, the Germany's Festival had 30 different ones, each about an hour and half long. They sell out quickly too. A speaker at a head table discoursed on the history of dishes people were eating, and the relationship of food, work, and eating to the life and culture of the German province of Schleswig Holstein.In an attemp t to popularize the Slow Food Movement in the United States, Carlo Petrini made a 10-day trip across the United States, ending up as the honorary guest at the Berkeley meeting, slow, 10-course dinner celebrating simply prepared, regional products. Guests sampled appetizers of ferns, sipped wines and chatted, before sitting down to salmon with lime oil, followed by white asparagus in herbs. This dish was preceded by a di ning-room demonstration of chef Jean-Pierre Moulle showing how to clean the fish without cutting it open, a performance cheered by the group, a collection of over 50 enthusiasts seated at long tables.To defend biodiversity we have to defend small producers. The Slow Food Movement is diff erent from ecological movements and from gastronomy movements. Gastronomical movements don't defend the small producers and their products, and ecological movements fight the battles, but can't cook. Slow Food Movement has both at the same time.The Slow Food Movement has been likened to Don Quixote fighting the windmills, but if the recent enthusiasm for this complex organization with its ecological andgastronomical goals and sense of fun is any indication, the quixotic figure of Carlo Petrini may be triumphant.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 52 Dietary Changes That Wi

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 53 Fast-food Culture Serves up Super-size Americans素材Unit 52Dietary Changes That Will Lower Your Cancer RiskSome foods actually contribute to the development of cancer; other foods lessen the risk. The following anti-cancer diet greatly lowers your risk of colorectal cancer and nearly all other types of cancers. For people with a genetic tendency toward colorectal cancer, it is not just an option, it's a lifesaving necessity. here are some anti-cancer dietary changes.Keep your diet low in total fat and very low in saturated fats. There are at least two ways in which dietary fat contributes to cancer. First, tumor cells need low density lipoproteins (LDL) to grow. There fore, a diet that helps to lower LDL levels could keep potentially cancerous cells from growing. Eating fat also stimulates the production of bile, which is needed to digest fat. If a lot of bile is allowed to stagnate in the large intestine for a long period of time, it's converted into apcholic acid, a proven carcinogen. Too much body fat is one of the leading risk factors for cancer, especially colorectal cancer. Obesity is also a risk factor for breast cancer. Vegetarian women who typically consume low-fat, high-fiber diet tend to have lower blood levels of estrogen, excrete more estrogen, and therefore are less prone to breast cancer. Obese men have a higher rate of prostate cancer.Increase your fiber intake. In all the research between food and cancer, the evidence for a relationship between a high fiber diet and lower chances of colorectal cancer is the most conclusive. It follows mon sense as well. Fiber moves potentialcarcinogens through the intestines faster, decreasing the contact time between carcinogens and the intestinal wall. The less exposure to carcinogens, the less chance of colon cancer. Besides pushing them through faster, fiber binds carcinogens, keeping them away from the intestinal wall. Fiber also absorb bile acids, keeping them from acting on bacteria to produce fecapentanes, the cancerous substances that are formed by decaying foods within the colon. There are about twenty of these pounds that can mutate colon cells into cancerous cells. Fiber also promotes the growth of healthy bacteria in the intestines, which crowd out the undesirable bacteria that produce fecapentanes.Switch from red meat to seafood. Populations who eat the most red meat and fat in their diet have the highest incidence of colon cancer.Eat more soy products. Soy is a more healthful source of protein than meat. The primary anti-cancer value of soy seems to e from phytonutrients which inhibit the growth of new blood vessels necessary for tumor survival. Soy also protects against colon cancer by blocking the carcinogenic effects of bile acids.Eat a diet high antioxidants, calcium, beta-carotene and vitamin E. Calcium binds cancer-producing bile acids and keeps them from irritating the colon wall. Beta-carotene fights against cancer by both boosting the immune system and releasing a specific chemical blocking the growth of potentially cancerous cells.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 55 Reducing Risks in Eyes

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 56 What is Autism素材Unit 55Reducing Risks in Eyesight Corrective SurgeryThanks to modern technologies, we now have the solutions to most eyesight problems. Doctors can use different treatments -- PRK, Lasik, Lasek and Intraocular lenses -- to solve all types of eyesight problems while limiting the side effects. Most eye procedures are about as safe and effective as surgery can be. However, for an industry that promises clarity, many centers have kept their patients in the dark about the risks and realities. Government are of no help either as there are no restrictions on who can buy medical instruments. But most hospitals insist that doctors have some form of medical accreditation before performing eye surgery.Despite a good record of the surgery, thousands of people around the world get an irreversible eye operation that goes awry. The consumer-advocate website surgicaleyes. posts a sobering series of unhappy endings -- infected corneas, triple vision, daily nausea and permanently marred eyesight. The message boards are full of people who came out of Lasik with far better vision but still in misery, handicapped by poor night vision, stinging dry eyes and worse. It's vital to research the subject if you're considering surgery. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you see things clearly.Know what you're getting into. If you believe all the ads, after eye surgery, you'll be able to read the bottom line of an eye chart through a brick wall. If only it were true. You may not wind up with a vision as good as is promised. Besides, you might be a poor candidate. Eye surgery still isn't fit for people with certain severe vision problems or an eye disease. The same goes for children under 18 andpregnant women, whose eyes may be undergoing changes. So don't be shocked if a doctor gazes into your eyes and shows you the door. Finally, be prepared for side effect. Some plain of dry eyes and require eye drops known as artificial tears for months. Others see halos and star bursts while driving at night. Fortunately such symptoms tend to be minor and fade away.Find a doctor. Ask friends for referrals or look for a surgeon on the Internet. Whatever you do, don't make a decision on a rock-bottom price. You have only one set of eyes.Ask the doctor right questions: Who will be doing the procedure? Easily available and open munication with the surgeon and his team are hallmarks of a good practice. What are your credentials? Your doctor should be certified, with extra training in the conditions of cornea. How much experience do you have? A recent study found that the rate of surgical plications for four doctors doing Lasik was 1.3 percent in their first 1,000 procedures --and 0.47 for their next 3,000 surgeries. That's some learning curve. What's your plication rate? The best doctors have a serious surgical plication rate below 1 percent. Be wary of surgeons who can't answer this question or centers that won't give information about the doctor who will be operating on you. What's included in the price? Watch out for centers that offer a low price and then charge for extras for postoperative visits. While this can be the hook these centers use o get you in the door, it doesn't necessarily mean they are a bad deal or offer inferior care.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit25 The Art of Smart Guessing素材

Unit 25The Art of Smart GuessingSeveral days ago, interviewing job candidates, I grew ti red of asking "What experience do you have?" I decid ed on a quiz to find out how resourceful a thinker the new hire might be. Here i t is: You are on a yacht sailing the Pacific Ocean. Your navigator anno unces you are over the deepest point, the Mariana Trench. Just then, a clumsy guest accidentally drops a 12-pound cannonball over the side. How long will it take for the cannonball to reach the botto m of the ocean?Before reading on, try to solve this yourself -- paying special attention to how you might solve it. Did you make a completely wild guess because "there wasn't enough information?" Did you get too bogged down in the details trying to come up with the "exactly right" answer? Or did you zero in on the two most important problems -- how deep is the Mariana Trench and how fast might a cannonball fall through the water? Most of my candidate s simpl y made a wild guess. Rarely was someone willing to risk an approximation.What does this have to do with business or creativity? A great deal. In the real world, we frequently need to make decisions when the full information does not exist.A problem that doesn't contain all the information deeded to solve it is called a Fermi problem, named after Nobel Prize-winning physicist Enrico Fermi.Fermi once asked is students how many piano tuners there were in Chicago. To answer the question, he recommended breaking it down into smaller, more manageable questions. How many people live in Chicago? Three million would be a reasonable estimate. How many people per family? Assume an average of four. How many families own pianos? Say one out of three. Then there are about 250,000 pianos in Chicago. How often would each be tuned? Maybe once every five years. That makes 50,000 tunings a year. How many pianos can one tuner tune in a day? Four? And how many in a year? Ass uming 250 working days, one tuner can handle 1,000 pianos a year. So there's work for approximately 50 piano tuners in Chicago -- which, as it turns out, is reasonably close to the actual number in the Yellow Pages.Why was guesswork so accurate? The law of averages is partly responsible. At any point, your assumptions may be too high or too low. But because of the law of averages, your m istakes will frequently balance out.By the way, the Mariana Trench is about six nautical miles deep, and a cannonball drops at a rate of ten feet per second. So it took the cannonball about an hour to reach the bottom. Could this be guess? If you know Earth's highest point Mount Everest, is 29,000 feet, you might reasonably conclude that its lowest point would be close to the same distance. Then you might imagine that a heavy object would take one second t o fall through the water of a 10-foot-deep swimming pool. These estimates wouldbring you close enough to the correct answer.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit50 Don't We All素材

Unit 50Don't We All?I was parked in front of the mall wiping off my car. I had just come from the car wash and was waiting for my wife to get out work.Coming my way from across the parking lot what the society would consider a bum. From his looks, I guessed he had no car, no home, no clean clothes, and no money. There are times when you feel generous but there are other times when you just don't want to be bothered. This was one of those "Don't want to be bothered times.""I hope he doesn't ask me for money," I thought. He didn't.He came and sat on the curb in front of the bus stop but he didn't look like he could have enough money to even ride the bus. After a few min utes he spoke. "That's a very pretty car," he said. He was ragged but he had an air of dignity about him. "Thanks," I said, and continued wiping off my car. He sat there quietly as I worked. The expected plea for money never came. As the silence between us widened something inside said, "Ask him if he need any help." I was sure that he would say "y es" butI held true to the inner voice."Don't you need any help?" I aske d.He answered in three simple profound words that I shall never forget. We often look for wisdom in great men and women. I expect it from those of higher learning and accomplishments. But from a bum I expected nothing but an outstretched grimy hand. He spoke the three words that shook me. "Don't we all?" he said.I was feeling high and mighty, above a bum in the street, until those three words hit me likea twelve g auge shortgun. "Don't we all?" I needed help. Maybe not for bus fare or a place to sleep, but I needed help. I reached in my wall et and gave him not only enough for bus fare, but enough to get a warm meal and shelter for theday.Those three words still ring true. No matter how much you have ac complished, you need help too. No matter how little you have, no matter how loaded you are with problems, you can give help. Even if it's just a c ompliment, you can give that.You never know when you can see someone who inspires you a lot. They are waiting for you to give them what they don't have. But what you gain is a different perspective on life, a glimpse at something beautiful, a relief from daily chaos, that only youthrough a torn world can see.Maybe the man was just a homeless stranger wan dering the streets. Maybe he was more than that. Maybe he was sent by a power that is great and wise, to minister to souls too comfortable in themselves.Maybe God looked down, called an Angel, dressed him like a bum, then said, "Go minister to that man cleaning the car, that man needs help." Don't we all?1 / 1。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 85 Ghost of Diana at Royal

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 85 Ghost of Diana atRoyal Wedding素材Unit 85Ghost of Diana at Royal Wedding?For Prince Charles and longtime lover Camilla Parker Bowles, Princess Diana will be the ghost at their wedding feast. Could it be sweet revenge from beyond the grave?"Diana always said her marriage was a bit crowded because there were three people in it," said Judy Wade, royal correspondent for Hello Celebrity magazine. "I think there will now be three people in Charles' second marriage."Many feel Diana would also have been hugely amused at the problems that have dogged the wedding, ranging from a forced switch of venue to a local town hall, to a postponement at the last minute over the clash of fates with Pope John Paul's funeral."Diana would be laughing at the chaos and the damage it has done to the monarchy," said Wade. "She must be orchestrating it from on high -- all we need is wait for it to rain on the wedding day and we will know she is pulling the strings."Tabloid reporters who followed every twist and turn in the tragic soap opera that was her melodramatic life believe Diana would in the end have wised Charles well for finally tying the knot with Camilla.Daily Mail royal correspondent Richard Kay, who last talked to Diana just hours before she was killed in a Paris car crash in 1997, said: "I think she had reached a point in her life where she had e to accept that Charles would be married. But she would find it hard to accept Camilla taking her place. She had anticipated them ending up together but with Charles standing aside and letting his son William take his place in the line of accession."Daily Mirror royal reporter James Whitaker, who broke the story of er romance with Dodi Al Fayed, said: "Funnily enough, I think Diana would be quite happy about it. She understood towards the end that Camilla was the love of Charles' life." But he felt that Diana's influence would still be all-pervasive on Charles and Camilla's big day. "parisons are odious but they will be made. I do think she will be the ghost at the feast."The contrast between Charles' two weddings could not be more stark. In 1981, Charles married his blushing young bride Diana at London's St. Paul's Cathedral before a television audience of 800 million. Britain jubilantly hailed the fairytale wedding. In April 2005, Charles marries Camilla before just 30 witnesses in Windsor town hall. Television cameras have been barred. Queen Elizabeth, who has been slow to warm to Charles' 35-year romance, will not be attending the wedding of her eldest son, a decision inevitably seen as a snub.Diana was consumed with jealousy over Charles' first love, telling Camilla in one famous confrontation: "It must be hell for both of you but I know what's going on. Don't treat me like an idiot." Even on honeymoon, Diana felt her marriage was doomed when two pictures of Camilla fell out of Charles' diary. he wore gold cufflinks with two interlinked C's that Camilla had given him.As the world's most photograhped woman, Diana was also a mistress of manipulation, using the media to put her side of the affair in the bitter divorce battle with the heir to the British throne.Royal biography Robert Lacey, reflecting on how Diana might have reacted to Camilla finally getting her man, concluded: "I think she would say 'good luck' in public and make sure she could wreak as much mischief in private as possible. If she had been alive, her ingenuity would have risen to the challenge and she would have made things still more difficult."。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 54 Slow Food Movement素材

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 56 What is Autism素材Unit 54Slow Food MovementThe International Slow Food Movement was founded in 1986 by leftist journalist Carlo Petrini in a determined effort to wage intellectual war on the homogenization of food around the world. Spurred by the opening of Italy's first McDonald's in Rome, Carlo started the organization determined to save regional foods and small producers from extinction and to revive taste and the senses.The backbone of the non-profit organization are groups of people who meet informally to share and promote local small producers, to learn about culinary traditions and cultures, and to arrange tastings. An important aspect of Slow Food was introduced to identify and publicize endangered foods such as tuna roe and Moselle red peaches, and to encourage people to seek them out, with the theory that if the market demands, supply will increase. Another important ponent of Slow Food is the mitment to teach children about taste and food and to develop their senses and their appreciation of food and the pleasures of the table.Slow Food Festivals are broad-reaching, not only acknowledging and encouraging individual artisans, but also celebrating the role of food throughout every aspect of culture. Workshops where tastes are explored in their cultural context are an important ponent of the International Slow Food Movement. For instance, the Germany's Festival had 30 different ones, each about an hour and half long. They sell out quickly too. A speaker at a head table discoursed on the history of dishes people were eating, and the relationship of food, work, and eating to the life and culture of the German province of Schleswig Holstein.In an attempt to popularize the Slow Food Movement in the United States, Carlo Petrini made a 10-day trip across the United States, ending up as the honorary guest at the Berkeley meeting, slow, 10-course dinner celebrating simply prepared, regional products. Guests sampled appetizers of ferns, sipped wines and chatted, before sitting down to salmon with lime oil, followed by white asparagus in herbs. This dish was preceded by a dining-room demonstration of chef Jean-Pierre Moulle showing how to clean the fish without cutting it open, a performance cheered by the group, a collection of over 50 enthusiasts seated at long tables.To defend biodiversity we have to defend small producers. The Slow Food Movement is different from ecological movements and from gastronomy movements. Gastronomical movements don't defend the small producers and their products, and ecological movements fight the battles, but can't cook. Slow Food Movement has both at the same time.The Slow Food Movement has been likened to Don Quixote fighting the windmills, but if the recent enthusiasm for this plex organization with its ecological and gastronomical goals and sense of fun is any indication, the quixotic figure of Carlo Petrini may be triumphant.。

高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit20 Features of American Campus Life (I)素材

Unit 20Features of American Campus Life (I)-- BusynessAmerican students are typically very "busy". Undergraduate students often have part-time jobs in addition to their studies. Some even have two or three part-time jobs to earn money to support their studies. Graduate students have large quantities of material to study, and may also have jobs (graduate assistantships and others) and fa milies. This busyness limits their time for social activity and for incorporating new people into their social circles.-- Male-female RelationshipMale and female American students associate with each other rather freely. (This does not mean they are all readily available for sexual activity, as the media sometimes imply, although an estimated 75 per cent of American undergraduates are sexually active.) Many view "the college years" as a natural time in life for finding a spouse. Even if they are not seeking a m arriage partner, they try to become acquainted with members of the opposite sex.-- FreedomAs is clear from their politicians' speeches, Americans prize "freed om". This "freedom" means living without signific ant constrain ts on the ir behavior. In the political area "freedom" means the relative absence of governmental regulation of their lives. In the social area, it means the relative absence of confining roles and expectations.-- Presence of Disabled PeopleStudents from China are often startled to see on US campuses people who are in wheelchairs, are blind and have a dog leading them from place to place, or are otherwise "physically challenged". Various federal, state, local, and institutional laws and policies prohibit discrimination against disabled people. The disability may be physical -- for ex ample, having paralyzed legs, blindness, or deafness -- or mental -- for example, depression, or a learning problem such as attention-deficit disorder. Thus, disabled people are to be found among the students and teachers of most US institutions of higher ed ucation.-- Weekdays vs. WeekendsAmerican students and Americans in general have the idea that weekends are the time for socializing. Weekdays and evenings are reserved for studying or some other more serious activity. Traditionally, "the weekend" mean Friday night, Saturday daytime and evening, and Sund ay daytime. Among American undergraduate students,though, "weekend" may now include Thursday night (and sometimes even Wednesday night as well). So they might go "out" for three consecutive nights -- Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. Graduate students in general have mo re responsibilities and presumably more maturity, so their socializing is more likel y to be limited to Friday nights and Saturdays.。

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit5 Two Basic Ways to See Growth素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 56 What is Autism素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 80 Civil Rights Movement against Segregation in the US素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 59 Four Rules for a Succes

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit22 The Voices of Time素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 89 Seven Myths of Single W

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 65 The Ameri

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit10 Motorism素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit33 The Founder of RollsRoyce (II)素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 92 The Networked Economy E

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit27 Evaluation Students素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit26 Friends Bring Happiness素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 54 Slow Food

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 52 Dietary Changes That Wi

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 55 Reducing Risks in Eyes

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit25 The Art of Smart Guessing素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit50 Don't We All素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 85 Ghost of Diana at Royal

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 54 Slow Food Movement素材

高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit20 Features of American Campus Life (I)素材