2010届高三英语astronomy the science of the stars教案

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）语言要点（模块）Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的[典例]1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。

2). Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒对身体有害。

[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。

1). The ______ ______ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China.2). He introduced us a well-designed ______ ______ (铁路系统).Keys: 1). educational system 2). railway system2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)[典例]1). He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。

2). Who should we lay the blame on? 我们该责备谁?[重点用法] lay短语：lay eggs 下蛋lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）lay sth. down 把某物放下lay the blame on sb.责备某人lay the table 摆桌子lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). The bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests.2). He is a political leader that _____ _____ _____ _____ (非常强调) individual responsibility.3). He ______ some money ______ for rainy days.Keys: 1). lays 2). lays great stress on 3). lays/puts; aside3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的harm n.&vt. 伤害（某人）[典例]Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking. 很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。

[重点用法]be harmful to sb./sth. 对……有害do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 对……有害；伤害……[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). Everyone knows that smoking is ______ to your health.2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do ______ to their growth.3). 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。

_______________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). harmful 2). harm 3). Reading in the sun does a lot of harm to your eyes. = Reading in the sun does your eyes a lot of harm.= Reading in the sun is very harmful to your eyes.4. exist vi. 存在；生存existence n. 存在[典例]1). Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命吗?2). I can hardly exist on the wage I’ m getting. 我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。

[重点用法]exist + prep. 存在于地方exist on sth. 靠某物生存[练习] 用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。

1). This plant ______ only ______ Australia.2). Can you ______ ______ such a low salary?3). I doubt the ______ (exist) of alien.Keys: 1). exists; in 2). exist on to 3). existence5. puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.谜；难题puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的puzzling adj.令人费解的[典例]1). Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。

2). Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。

[重点用法]sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/为难sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对……感到迷惑puzzle about/over sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）puzzle one’ s brain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁solve a puzzle 解决一个难题[练习] 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。

1). To explain the ________ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories.2). I _______ (puzzle) that I haven’ t heard from Liz for so long.3). She listened with a _______ (puzzle) expression on her face.4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _______ (puzzle) of how life began.5). He _______ (puzzle) what to do next.6). _______ _______ _______ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without telling anyone. Keys: 1). puzzling 2). am puzzled 3). puzzled 4). puzzle 5) was puzzled 6). What puzzles me6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉(引)力[典例]1). You push and I’ ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。

2). I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。

[重点用法]pull ahead (of sb/sth) 领先（於某人/物）pull (sb) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）pull off (sth)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路）（至路侧停车处停下）pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）pull on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）pull together 同心协力；通力合作[练习] 用pull短语的适当形式填空。

1). I arrived as the last train was ______ ______.2). He ______ ______ a gun and aimed at the criminal.3). So long as we ______ ______, there’ s no mountain top we can’t conquer.Keys: 1). pulling out 2). pulled out 3). pull together7. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼cheerful adj.高兴的cheerless adj.不高兴的[典例]1). The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时群众高声欢呼。

2). He was greatly cheered by the news. 他听到这个消息非常高兴。

[重点用法]cheer sb. on为某人加油cheer (sb) up（使某人）更高兴或更快活[练习] 用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。

1). Your visit has greatly ______ him up.2). The crowd ______ the runners ______ as they started the last lap.3). You look as though you need ______ up.Keys: 1). cheered 2). cheered; on 3). cheeringⅣ.重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1. to begin with = to start with 以……开始；由……作为开头；首先[典例]To begin/start with, I couldn’ t understand a single word. 起初，我一句也没弄明白。

[重点用法]begin/start with 从……开始begin/start sth with 从……开始……[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。

1). He ______ his speech ______ a poem.2). His speech ______ ______ a poem.3). ______ ______ ______, pets are good friends of many lonely people, especially the old. Keys: 1). began/started; with 2). began/started with 3). To start/begin with2. in time 及时；最终；迟早[典例]1). They caught the bus in time. 他们及时赶上了汽车。