海珠区一模及答案

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2021学年广州市海珠区初三一模答案(难度3.5)

2021学年下学期海珠区一模一、听力（共两节，满分35分）略二、语言知识及运用（共两节，满分20分）第一节单项选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）( )16. – Do you know _________ tall girl in purple?-- Sure. That’s Kate. She is an old friend of mine.A. anB. aC. theD. \【分析】考察冠词的用法。

【答案】C( )17. Sports are popular with students. According to the report, about ___________ of the students like more than one sport.A. third-fourthB. three-fourthC. third-fourths`D. three-fourths【分析】考察分数的表示。

【答案】D( )18. I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV. Would you please _________?A. turn it upB. turn it downC. turn it offD. turn it on【分析】考察turn 的词组。

【答案】A( )19. When we are in trouble, we need to get ________ from others.A. many moneyB. some adviceC. many helpD. some chances【分析】考察可数名词与不可数名词的修饰。

【答案】B( )20. – Would you like another cup of tea?-- No, thanks. I __________ be off now. Rose is waiting for me.A. prefer toB. would like toC. have to `D. am going to【分析】考察对句子意思的理解。

广东省广州市海珠区中考一模数学考试卷(解析版)(初三)中考模拟.doc

广东省广州市海珠区中考一模数学考试卷（解析版）（初三）中考模拟姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________题型选择题填空题简答题xx题xx题xx 题总分得分一、xx题（每空xx 分，共xx分）【题文】实数﹣3的绝对值是（）A. 3B. ﹣3C. 0D. ±【答案】A【解析】试题分析：根据负数的绝对值是它的相反数，可得﹣3的绝对值是3，故A正确. 故选：A．考点：绝对值【题文】下面汽车标志中，属于轴对称图形的是（）A． B． C． D．【答案】C【解析】试题分析：根据轴对称图形的概念对各选项分析判断:A、不是轴对称图形，故本选项错误；B、不是轴对称图形，故本选项错误；C、是轴对称图形，故本选项正确；D、不是轴对称图形，故本选项错误．故选C．考点：轴对称图形【题文】如图，在平行四边形ABCD中，如果∠A=50°，则∠C=（）A．40° B．50° C．130° D．150°【答案】B【解析】评卷人得分试题分析：利用平行四边形的对角相等进而得出∠A=∠C=50°．故选：B．考点：平行四边形的性质【题文】下列运算中，错误的是（）A．2a﹣3a=﹣a B．（﹣ab）3=﹣a3b3 C．a6÷a2=a4 D．aa2=a2【答案】D【解析】试题分析： A、根据合并同类项的法则，可知2a-3a=-a，故正确，不合题意；B、根据积的乘方的运算法则，可得（-ab）3=-a3b3，故正确，不合题意；C、根据同底数幂的除法，可得a6÷a2=a4，故正确，不合题意；D、根据同底数幂的乘法，可得a·a2=a3，故错误，故此选项符合题意．故选：D．考点：1、积的乘方运算，2、同底数幂的除法运算，3、同底数幂的乘法【题文】方程组的解是（）A． B． C． D．【答案】D【解析】试题分析：利用加减消元法求出方程组的解方程组：，①+②得：2x=4，即x=2，把x=2代入①得：y=1，则方程组的解为，故选D考点：二元一次方程组的解【题文】为了解当地气温变化情况，某研究小组记录了寒假期间连续4天的最高气温，结果如下（单位：℃）：5，﹣1，﹣3，﹣1．则下列结论错误的是（）A．方差是8 B．中位数是﹣1C．众数是﹣1 D．平均数是0【答案】A【解析】试题分析：分别计算该组数据的平均数，众数，方差后找到正确的答案即可：平均数=（5﹣1﹣3﹣1）÷4=0，选项D正确由数据﹣1出现两次最多，∴众数为﹣1，选项C正确中位数是﹣1；选项B正确方差=[（5﹣0）2+2（﹣1﹣0）2+（﹣3﹣0）2]=9．故选A．考点：1、方差，2、平均数，3、中位数，4、众数【题文】某几何体的三视图如图所示，则其侧面积是（）A．12π B．6π C．4π D．6【答案】B【解析】试题分析：由三视图可知该几何体是底面直径为2，高为3的圆柱体，因此该圆柱体的侧面积为：2π×3=6π，故选：B．考点：三视图【题文】已知一元二次方程x2﹣5x+3=0，则该方程根的情况是（）A．有两个不相等的实数根 B．有两个相等的实数根C．无实数根D．无法确定【答案】A【解析】试题分析：判断上述方程的根的情况，只要看根的判别式△=b2﹣4ac的值的符号就可以了．由a=1，b=﹣5，c=3，可得△=b2﹣4ac=（﹣5）2﹣4×1×3=13＞0，因此方程有两个不相等的实数根．故选：A．考点：一元二次方程根的判别式【题文】如图，在纸上剪下一个圆形和一个扇形的纸片，使之恰好能围成一个圆锥模型．若圆的半径为r ，扇形的半径为R，扇形的圆心角等于90°，则r与R之间的关系是（）A．R=2r B．R=r C．R=3r D．R=4r【答案】D【解析】试题分析：根据扇形的弧长公式可知：扇形的弧长是：，再由圆的半径为r，则底面圆的周长是2πr，而圆锥的底面周长等于侧面展开图的扇形弧长则得到： =2πr，可得=2r，即：R=4r，r与R之间的关系是R=4r．故选D．考点：有关扇形和圆锥的相关计算【题文】将抛物线y=x2﹣4x+3向上平移至顶点落在x轴上，如图所示，则两条抛物线、对称轴和y轴围成的图形的面积S（图中阴影部分）是（）A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4【答案】B【解析】试题分析：把点A、B、C代入抛物线解析式y=ax2+bx+c利用待定系数法求解即可得，解得；把抛物线解析式y=x2﹣4x+3整理成顶点式形式y=x2﹣4x+3=（x﹣2）2﹣1，然后写出顶点坐标（2，﹣1）；根据顶点坐标求出向上平移的距离PP′=1，再根据阴影部分的面积等于平行四边形A′APP ′的面积=1×2=2．故选B．考点：二次函数的综合【题文】已知∠α=25°，那么∠α的余角等于度．【答案】65【解析】试题分析：根据余角的定义得到∠α的余角=90°﹣∠α，然后把∠α=25°代入计算即可得到∠α的余角=90°﹣∠α=90°﹣25°=65°．考点：余角【题文】若在实数范围内有意义，则x的取值范围是．【答案】x≥﹣2【解析】试题分析：【分析】根据二次根式有意义的条件：被开方数为非负数可得x+2≥0，再解不等式即可解得：x≥﹣2．考点：二次根式中被开方数的取值范围【题文】不等式组的解集是．【答案】﹣1＜x＜5【解析】试题分析：首先解中的每个不等式，即可知：解①得x＞﹣1，解②得x＜5．则不等式组的解集是﹣1＜x＜5．考点：一元一次不等式组的解法【题文】反比例函数y=，在每一象限内，y随x的增大而减小，则m的取值范围．【答案】m＞3【解析】试题分析：根据反比例函数的增减性，由反比例函数y=，在每一象限内，y随x的增大而减小，可得m﹣3＞0，解得m＞3．考点：反比例函数的性质【题文】如图，两建筑物AB和CD的水平距离为24米，从A点测得D点的俯角为30°，测得C点的俯角为60°，则建筑物CD的高为米．（结果保留根号）【答案】16【解析】试题分析：延长CD交AM于点M，则AM=24，可根据直角三角形的性质得DM=AM×tan30°=8，同理可得CM=24，因此CD=CM﹣DM=16（米）．考点：三角函数解【题文】如图，正方形ABCD的边长为3，对角线AC与BD相交于点O，CM交BD于点N，若BM=1，则线段ON的长为．【答案】1【解析】试题分析：首先过点M作MH⊥AC于H，如图，根据正方形的性质得∠MAH=45°，则△AMH为等腰直角三角形，再求出AH=MH=AM=×2=， MB=MH=， OC=AC=+1，CH=AC﹣AH=2+2﹣=2+，然后证明△CON∽△CHM，再利用相似比可计算出ON=1．考点：1、正方形的性质，2、相似三角形的判定与性质，3、角平分线的性质【题文】解方程：．【答案】x=﹣4【解析】试题分析：分式方程去分母转化为整式方程，求出整式方程的解得到x的值，经检验即可得到分式方程的解．试题解析：去分母得：x=2x+4，解得：x=﹣4，经检验x=﹣4是分式方程的解．考点：解分式方程【题文】如图，四边形ABCD是平行四边形．（1）利用尺规作∠ABC的平分线BE，交AD于E（保留作图痕迹，不写作法）；（2）在（1）所作的图形中，求证：AB=AE．【答案】（1）作图见解析（2）证明见解析【解析】试题分析：（1）由角平分线的作法，即可得出结果；（2）由（1）得：∠ABE=∠CBE，再由平行四边形的性质得出∠ABE=∠AEB，即可得出结论．试题解析l（1）化简A；（2）若x2﹣2x+1=0，求A的值．【答案】（1）A=2x2﹣4x；（2）-2【解析】试题分析：（1）原式利用完全平方公式及平方差公式化简即可得到结果；（2）已知等式变形后代入A计算即可求出值．试题解析：（1）A=x2﹣4x+4+x2﹣4=2x2﹣4x；（2）由x2﹣2x+1=0，得到x2﹣2x=﹣1，则A=2（x2﹣2x）=﹣2．考点：整式的混合运算﹣化简求值【题文】已知一次函数y1=kx+b（k≠0）与反比例函数y2=（m≠0）相交于A和B两点，且A点坐标为（1，3），B点的横坐标为﹣3．（1）求反比例函数和一次函数的解析式；（2）根据图象直接写出使得y1＞y2时，x的取值范围．【答案】（1）y1=x+2，y2=（2）x＞1或﹣3＜x＜0【解析】试题分析：（1）根据待定系数法即可解决问题．（2）观察图象y1＞y2时，y1的图象在y2的上面，由此即可写出x的取值范围．试题解析：（1）把点A（1，3）代入y2=，得到m=3，∵B点的横坐标为﹣3，∴点B坐标（﹣3，﹣1），把A（1，3），B（﹣3，﹣1）代入y1=kx+b得到解得，∴y1=x+2，y2=．（2）由图象可知y1＞y2时，x＞1或﹣3＜x＜0．考点：反比例函数与一次函数的图象【题文】为了庆祝新年的到来，我市某中学举行“青春飞扬”元旦汇演，正式表演前，把各班的节目分为A （戏类），B（小品类），C（歌舞类），D（其他）四个类别，并将结果绘制成如图所示的条形统计图和扇形统计图，但均不完整．请你根据统计图解答下列问题．（1）参加汇演的节目数共有个，在扇形统计图中，表示“B类”的扇形的圆心角为度，图中m的值为；（2）补全条形统计图；（3）学校决定从本次汇演的D类节目中，选出2个去参加市中学生文艺汇演．已知D类节目中有相声节目2个，魔术节目1个，朗诵节目1个，请求出所选2个节目恰好是一个相声和一个魔术概率．【答案】（1）25，144，32（2）10（3）【解析】试题分析：（1）根据A类别的人数除以所占的百分比求出总人数，根据B类别的人数占被调查节目总数比例求得B类别扇形圆心角的度数，用C类别节目出节目总数乘100可得m；（2）求出等级B的人数，补全条形统计图即可；（3）画树状图得出所有等可能的情况数，找出一个相声和一个魔术的情况数，即可求出所求的概率．试题解析：（1）参加汇演的节目数共有3÷0.12=25（个），表示“B类”的扇形的圆心角为：×360°=144°，m=×100=32；故答案为：25，144，32．（2）“B”类节目数为：25﹣3﹣8﹣4=10，补全条形图如图：（3）记两个相声节目为A1、A2，魔术节目为B，朗诵节目为C，画树状图如下：由树状图可知，共有12种等可能结果，其中恰好是一个相声和一个魔术的有4种，故所选2个节目恰好是一个相声和一个魔术概率为．考点：列表法或树状图法【题文】某学校准备购买A、B两种型号篮球，询问了甲、乙两间学校了解这两款篮球的价格，下表是甲、乙两间学校购买A、B两种型号篮球的情况：购买学校购买型号及数量（个）购买支出款项（元）AB甲38622乙54402（1）求A、B两种型号的篮球的销售单价；（2）若该学校准备用不多于1000元的金额购买这两种型号的篮球共20个，求A种型号的篮球最少能采购多少个？【答案】（1）26,8（2）9【解析】试题分析：（1）设A型号篮球的价格为x元、B型号的篮球的价格为y元，就有3x+8y=622和5x+4y=402，由这两个方程构成方程组求出其l∴m最小取9．∴最少购买9个A型号篮球．答：若该学校准备用不多于1000元的金额购买这两种型号的篮球共20个，A种型号的篮球最少能采购9个．考点：1、一元一次不等式的应用，2、二元一次方程组的应用【题文】如图，已知AB是⊙O的弦，半径OA=2，OA和AB的长度是关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣4x+a=0的两个实数根．（1）求弦AB的长度；（2）计算；（3）⊙O上一动点P从A点出发，沿逆时针方向运动一周，当时，求P点所经过的弧长（不考虑点P与点B重合的情形）．【答案】（1）2（2）（3）、、【解析】试题分析：（1）OA和AB的长度是一元二次方程的根，所以利用韦达定理即可求出AB的长度．（2）作出△AOB的高OC，然后求出OC的长度即可．（3）由题意知：两三角形有公共的底边，要面积相等，即高要相等．试题解析：（1）由题意知：OA和AB的长度是x2﹣4x+a=0的两个实数根，∴OA+AB=﹣=4，∵OA=2，∴AB=2；（2）过点C作OC⊥AB于点C，∵OA=AB=OB=2，∴△AOB是等边三角形，∴AC=AB=1在Rt△ACO中，由勾股定理可得：OC=∴S△AOB=ABOC=×2×=（3）延长AO交⊙O于点D，由于△AOB与△POA有公共边OA，当S△POA=S△AOB时，∴△AOB与△POA高相等，由（2）可知：等边△AOB的高为，∴点P到直线OA的距离为，这样点共有3个①过点B作BP1∥OA交⊙O于点P1，∴∠BOP1=60°，∴此时点P经过的弧长为：，②作点P2，使得P1与P2关于直线OA对称，∴∠P2OD=60°，∴此时点P经过的弧长为：，③作点P3，使得B与P3关于直线OA对称，∴∠P3OP2=60°，∴此时P经过的弧长为：，综上所述：当S△POA=S△AOB时，P点所经过的弧长分别是、、．考点：一元二次方程与圆的综合知识【题文】已知正方形ABCD和正方形CEFG，连结AF交BC于点O，点P是AF的中点，过点P作PH⊥DG于H ，CD=2，CG=1．（1）如图1，点D、C、G在同一直线上，点E在BC边上，求PH的长；（2）把正方形CEFG绕着点C逆时针旋转α（0°＜α＜180°）①如图2，当点E落在AF上时，求CO的长；②如图3，当DG=时，求PH的长．【答案】（1）（2）①②【解析】试题分析：（1）先判断出四边形APGF是梯形，再判断出PH是梯形的中位线，得到PH=（FG+AD）；（2）①先判断出△COE∽△AOB，得到AO是CO的2倍，设出CO，表示出BO，AO，再用勾股定理计算，②先找出辅助线，再判断出△ARD≌△DSC，△CSG≌△GTF，求出AR+FT，最后用梯形中位线即可．试题解析：（1）PH⊥CD，AD⊥CD，∴PH∥AD∥FG，∵点P是AF的中点，∴PH是梯形APGF的中位线，∴PH=（FG+AD）=，（2）①∵∠CEO=∠B=90°，∠COE=∠AOB，∴△COE∽△AOB，∴，∴，设CO=x，∴AO=2x，BO=2﹣x，在△ABO中，根据勾股定理得，4+（2﹣x）2=（2x）2，∴x=或x=（舍），∴CO=x=．②如图3，分别过点A，C，F作直线DG的垂线，垂足分别为R，S，T，∵∠ADR+∠CDS=90°，∠CDS+∠DCS=90°，∴∠ADR=∠DCS，∵∠ADR=∠CSD=90°，∵AD=CD∴△ARD≌△DSC，∴AR=DS，同理：△CSG≌△GTF，∴SG=FT，∴AR+FT=DS+SG=DG=，同（1）的方法得，PH是梯形ARTF的中位线，∴PH=（AR+FT）=．考点：四边形综合题【题文】如图，抛物线1=x2+bx+c与x轴交于点A、B，交y轴于点C（0，﹣2），且抛物线对称轴x=﹣2交x轴于点D，E是抛物线在第3象限内一动点．（1）求抛物线y1的解析式；（2）将△OCD沿CD翻折后，O点对称点O′是否在抛物线y1上？请说明理由．（3）若点E关于直线CD的对称点E′恰好落在x轴上，过E′作x轴的垂线交抛物线y1于点F，①求点F 的坐标；②直线CD上是否存在点P，使|PE﹣PF|最大？若存在，试写出|PE﹣PF|最大值．【答案】（1）y1=x2+2x﹣2；（2）不在（3）①F（2，6﹣2）②存在，6﹣2【解析】试题分析：（1）先由抛物线对称轴方程可求出b=2，再把点C（0，﹣2）代入y1=x2+bx+c可得c=2，所以抛物线解析式为y1=x2+2x﹣2；（2）过O′点作O′H⊥x轴于H，如图1，由（1）得D（﹣2，0），C（0，2），在Rt△OCD中利用三角函数可计算出∠ODC=60°，再利用折叠的性质得O′D=OD=2，∠O′DC=∠ODC=60°，所以∠O′DH=60°，接着在Rt△O′DH中利用三角函数可计算出O′H=，利用勾股定理计算出DH=1，则O′（﹣3，﹣），然后根据二次函数图象上点的坐标特征判断O′点是否在抛物线y1上；（3）①利用二次函数图象上点的坐标特征设E（m，m2+2m﹣2）（m＜0），过E作EH⊥x轴于H，连结DE ，如图2，则DH=﹣2﹣m，EH=﹣m2﹣2m+2，由（2）得∠ODC=60°，再利用轴对称性质得DC平分∠EDE′，DE=DE′，则∠EDE′=120°，所以∠EDH=60°，于是在Rt△EDH中利用三角函数的定义可得﹣m2﹣2m+2=（﹣2﹣m），解得m1=2（舍去），m2=﹣4，则E（﹣4，﹣2），接着计算出DE=4，所以DE′=4，于是得到E ′（2，0），然后计算x=2时得函数值即可得到F点坐标；②由于点E关于直线CD的对称点E′恰好落在x轴，则PE=PE′，根据三角形三边的关系得|PE′﹣PF|≤E ′F（当点P、E′F共线时，取等号），于是可判断直线CD上存在点P，使|PE﹣PF|最大，最大值为6﹣2．试题解析：（1）∵抛物线对称轴x=﹣2，∴﹣=﹣2，解得b=2，∵点C（0，﹣2）在抛物线y1=x2+bx+c上，∴c=2，∴抛物线解析式为y1=x2+2x﹣2；（2）O点对称点O′不在抛物线y1上．理由如下：过O′点作O′H⊥x轴于H，如图1，由（1）得D（﹣2，0），C（0，2），在Rt△OCD中，∵OD=2，OC=，∴tan∠ODC==，∴∠ODC=60°，∵△OCD沿CD翻折后，O点对称点O′，∴O′D=OD=2，∠O′DC=∠ODC=60°，∴∠O′DH=60°，在Rt△O′DH中，sin∠O′DH=，∴O′H=2sin60°=，∴DH==1，∴O′（﹣3，﹣），∵当x=﹣3时，y1=x2+2x﹣2=×9+2×（﹣3）﹣2≠﹣，∴O′点不在抛物线y1上；（3）①设E（m，m2+2m﹣2）（m＜0），过E作EH⊥x轴于H，连结DE，如图2，则DH=﹣2﹣m，EH=﹣（m2+2m﹣2）=﹣m2﹣2m+2，由（2）得∠ODC=60°，∵点E关于直线CD的对称点E′恰好落在x轴上，∴DC垂直平分EE′，∴DC平分∠EDE′，DE=DE′，∴∠EDE′=120°，∴∠EDH=60°，在Rt△EDH中，∵tan∠EDH=，∴EH=HDtan60°，即﹣m2﹣2m+2=（﹣2﹣m），整理得m2+（4+2）m﹣8=0，解得m1=2（舍去），m2=﹣4，∴E（﹣4，﹣2），∴HD=2，EH=2，∴DE==4，∴DE′=4，∴E′（2，0），而E′F⊥x轴，∴F点的横坐标为2，当x=2时，y1=x2+2x﹣2=6﹣2，∴F（2，6﹣2）；②∵点E关于直线CD的对称点E′恰好落在x轴，∴PE=PE′，∴|PE′﹣PF|≤E′F（当点P、E′F共线时，取等号），∴直线CD上存在点P，使|PE﹣PF|最大，最大值为6﹣2．考点：二次函数综合题。

2024年广东省广州市海珠区中考物理一模试卷及答案解析

2024年广东省广州市海珠区中考物理一模试卷一、第一部分选择题本题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求.1．（3分）女生挥舞精钢所制的斩马刀，最后把刀倒插在地上，如图所示。

以下估计合理的是（）A．刀长约4m B．刀长约22dm C．刀的质量约50g D．刀的质量约500kg2．（3分）某装置如图甲所示。

白天，太阳能电池将太阳能转化为电能，再通过蓄电池将能量储存起来，晚上为LED灯供电。

结合图乙，下列说法正确的是（）A．太阳能是一种不可再生能源B．LED灯发光时，蓄电池将电能转化为化学能C．该装置不能将接收到的太阳能全部转化为灯的光能D．真空中，相比蓝光，红光的波长较长、光速较大3．（3分）监测器测得发声体发出声音的特性如图甲和图乙所示，由此可知（）A．发声体每秒振动的次数不变B．发声体的振幅变大C．声音的响度不变D．声音的音调降低4．（3分）一标准大气压下，温度为0℃的水和﹣16℃的冰块，两者质量相等。

把冰块放到水中，最终形成了一块大冰块。

忽略它们与外界之间的热传递。

则（）A．原来0℃水的内能，和后来整个大冰块的内能相等B．根据以上信息，能证明水的比热容大于冰的比热容C．水在结冰的过程中，水温不变，所以水的内能保持不变D．后来大冰块的温度高于﹣8℃5．（3分）金箔轻薄柔软，不便用手直接拿取，正确拿取的方法是：先手持羽毛扫过纸垫，如图甲所示；再将羽毛靠近工作台上方不带电的金箔，羽毛即可将金箔吸住，如图乙所示。

根据以上信息可知（）A．轻扫纸垫时，羽毛失去电子B．轻扫纸垫时，羽毛带负电C．轻扫纸垫时，正电荷从纸垫转移到羽毛上D．羽毛和纸垫，束缚电子的能力不相同6．（3分）如图所示，在东西向的平直铁路上有一列火车正在行驶。

车内乘客观察到：路边的树向东运动，而原来相对桌面不动的物块突然向西运动。

此时，火车相对地面（）A．向西加速B．向西减速C．向东加速D．向东减速7．（3分）试管中放有固态物体，把试管放在热油中一段时间后，物体由固态变为甲状态，已知油的沸点低于固态物体的熔点。

广东省广州海珠区四校联考2024届中考一模数学试题含解析

广东省广州海珠区四校联考2024届中考一模数学试题注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2．选择题必须使用2B 铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

一、选择题（本大题共12个小题，每小题4分，共48分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．） 1．一元一次不等式组的解集中，整数解的个数是（）A ．4B ．5C ．6D ．72．将一副三角尺（在Rt ABC ∆中，090ACB ∠=，060B ∠=，在Rt EDF ∆中，090EDF ∠=，045E ∠=）如图摆放，点D 为AB 的中点，DE 交AC 于点P ，DF 经过点C ，将EDF ∆绕点D 顺时针方向旋转α（00060α<<），DE '交AC 于点M ，DF '交BC 于点N ，则PMCN的值为（）A 3B 3C 3D ．123．下列计算正确的是（） A 9±3B ．﹣32＝9C ．（﹣3）﹣2＝19D ．﹣3+|﹣3|＝﹣64．cos30°的相反数是（） A ．33-B ．12-C ．3D ．22-5．如图，一段抛物线：y=﹣x （x ﹣5）（0≤x≤5），记为C 1，它与x 轴交于点O ，A 1；将C 1绕点A 1旋转180°得C 2，交x 轴于点A 2；将C 2绕点A 2旋转180°得C 3，交x 轴于点A 3；…如此进行下去，得到一“波浪线”，若点P （2018，m ）在此“波浪线”上，则m 的值为（）A ．4B ．﹣4C ．﹣6D ．66．下列图形中一定是相似形的是( ) A ．两个菱形B ．两个等边三角形C ．两个矩形D ．两个直角三角形7．某班同学毕业时都将自己的照片向全班其他同学各送一张表示留念，全班共送1035张照片，如果全班有x 名同学，根据题意，列出方程为（） A ．x(x+1)=1035B ．x(x-1)=1035C ．12x(x+1)=1035 D ．12x(x-1)=1035 8．一次数学测试后，随机抽取九年级某班5名学生的成绩如下：91，78，1，85，1．关于这组数据说法错误的是（） A ．极差是20B ．中位数是91C ．众数是1D ．平均数是919．如果一元二次方程2x 2+3x+m=0有两个相等的实数根，那么实数m 的取值为（） A ．m ＞98B ．m89C ．m=98D ．m=8910．计算：()()223311aa a ---的结果是( )A ．()21ax -B ．31a -． C ．11a - D ．31a + 11．一、单选题点P （2，﹣1）关于原点对称的点P ′的坐标是（） A ．（﹣2，1）B ．（﹣2，﹣1）C ．（﹣1，2）D ．（1，﹣2）12．如图，在矩形ABCD 中AB ＝2，BC ＝1，将矩形ABCD 绕顶点B 旋转得到矩形A'BC'D ，点A 恰好落在矩形ABCD 的边CD 上，则AD 扫过的部分（即阴影部分）面积为（）A ．8πB ．222πC 23πD ．6π 二、填空题：（本大题共6个小题，每小题4分，共24分．）13．点A（a，b）与点B（﹣3，4）关于y轴对称，则a+b的值为_____．14．如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠B=90°，∠A=30°，以点A为圆心，BC长为半径画弧交AB于点D，分别以点A、D 为圆心，AB长为半径画弧，两弧交于点E，连接AE，DE，则∠EAD的余弦值是______．∠=____________15．如图，已知AB∥CD，α16．已知ab=﹣2，a﹣b=3，则a3b﹣2a2b2+ab3的值为_______．17．一艘货轮以18km/h的速度在海面上沿正东方向航行，当行驶至A处时，发现它的东南方向有一灯塔B，货轮继续向东航行30分钟后到达C处，发现灯塔B在它的南偏东15°方向，则此时货轮与灯塔B的距离是________km.18．已知x+y＝8，xy＝2，则x2y+xy2＝_____．三、解答题：（本大题共9个小题，共78分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．19．（6分）某初中学校组织200位同学参加义务植树活动．甲、乙两位同学分别调查了30位同学的植树情况，并将收集的数据进行了整理，绘制成统计表1和表2：表1：甲调查九年级30位同学植树情况每人植树棵数7 8 9 10人数 3 6 15 6表2：乙调查三个年级各10位同学植树情况每人植树棵数 6 7 8 9 10人数 3 6 3 12 6根据以上材料回答下列问题：（1）关于于植树棵数，表1中的中位数是棵；表2中的众数是棵；（2）你认为同学（填“甲”或“乙”）所抽取的样本能更好反映此次植树活动情况；（3）在问题（2）的基础上估计本次活动200位同学一共植树多少棵？20．（6分）如图，矩形ABCD 中，AB ＞AD ，把矩形沿对角线AC 所在直线折叠，使点B 落在点E 处，AE 交CD 于点F ，连接DE ，求证：∠DAE ＝∠ECD ．21．（6分）我们知道ABC △中，如果3AB =，4AC =，那么当AB AC ⊥时，ABC △的面积最大为6； (1)若四边形ABCD 中，16AD BD BC ++=，且6BD =，直接写出AD BD BC ，，满足什么位置关系时四边形ABCD 面积最大？并直接写出最大面积.(2)已知四边形ABCD 中，16AD BD BC ++=，求BD 为多少时，四边形ABCD 面积最大？并求出最大面积是多少？ 22．（8分）如图，在矩形ABCD 中，AB ＝3，AD ＝4，P 沿射线BD 运动，连接AP ，将线段AP 绕点P 顺时针旋转90°得线段PQ ．(1)当点Q 落到AD 上时，∠PAB ＝____°，PA ＝_____，AQ 长为_____；(2)当AP ⊥BD 时，记此时点P 为P 0，点Q 为Q 0，移动点P 的位置，求∠QQ 0D 的大小； (3)在点P 运动中，当以点Q 为圆心，23BP 为半径的圆与直线BD 相切时，求BP 的长度； (4)点P 在线段BD 上，由B 向D 运动过程(包含B 、D 两点)中，求CQ 的取值范围，直接写出结果．23．（8分）某超市开展早市促销活动，为早到的顾客准备一份简易早餐，餐品为四样A ：菜包、B ：面包、C ：鸡蛋、D ：油条．超市约定：随机发放，早餐一人一份，一份两样，一样一个．（1）按约定，“某顾客在该天早餐得到两个鸡蛋”是事件（填“随机”、“必然”或“不可能”）；（2）请用列表或画树状图的方法，求出某顾客该天早餐刚好得到菜包和油条的概率．24．（10分）鄂州某个体商户购进某种电子产品的进价是50元/个，根据市场调研发现售价是80元/个时，每周可卖出160个，若销售单价每个降低2元，则每周可多卖出20个．设销售价格每个降低x 元（x 为偶数），每周销售为y 个．（1）直接写出销售量y 个与降价x 元之间的函数关系式；（2）设商户每周获得的利润为W元，当销售单价定为多少元时，每周销售利润最大，最大利润是多少元？（3）若商户计划下周利润不低于5200元的情况下，他至少要准备多少元进货成本？25．（10分）先化简，再求值，221211111x x xx x x⎛⎫-+-+÷⎪+-+⎝⎭，其中x=1．26．（12分）央视热播节目“朗读者”激发了学生的阅读兴趣，某校为满足学生的阅读需求，欲购进一批学生喜欢的图书，学校组织学生会成员随机抽取部分学生进行问卷调查，被调查学生须从“文史类、社科类、小说类、生活类”中选择自己喜欢的一类，根据调查结果绘制了统计图（未完成），请根据图中信息，解答下列问题：此次共调查了名学生；将条形统计图1补充完整；图2中“小说类”所在扇形的圆心角为度；若该校共有学生2000人，估计该校喜欢“社科类”书籍的学生人数．27．（12分）海中有一个小岛P，它的周围18海里内有暗礁，渔船跟踪鱼群由西向东航行，在点A测得小岛P在北偏东60°方向上，航行12海里到达B点，这时测得小岛P在北偏东45°方向上．如果渔船不改变航线继续向东航行，有没有触礁危险？请说明理由．参考答案一、选择题（本大题共12个小题，每小题4分，共48分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．）1、C【解题分析】试题分析：∵解不等式得：，解不等式，得：x≤5，∴不等式组的解集是，整数解为0，1，2，3，4，5，共6个，故选C．考点：一元一次不等式组的整数解．2、C【解题分析】先根据直角三角形斜边上的中线性质得CD=AD=DB，则∠ACD=∠A=30°，∠BCD=∠B=60°，由于∠EDF=90°，可利用互余得∠CPD=60°，再根据旋转的性质得∠PDM=∠CDN=α，于是可判断△PDM∽△CDN，得到PMCN=PDCD，然后在Rt△PCD中利用正切的定义得到tan∠PCD=tan30°=PDCD，于是可得PMCN3【题目详解】∵点D为斜边AB的中点，∴CD=AD=DB，∴∠ACD=∠A=30°，∠BCD=∠B=60°，∵∠EDF=90°，∴∠CPD=60°，∴∠MPD=∠NCD，∵△EDF绕点D顺时针方向旋转α（0°＜α＜60°），∴∠PDM=∠CDN=α，∴△PDM∽△CDN，∴PMCN=PDCD，在Rt△PCD中，∵tan∠PCD=tan30°=PD CD，∴PMCN=tan30°3故选：C．【题目点拨】本题考查了旋转的性质：对应点到旋转中心的距离相等；对应点与旋转中心所连线段的夹角等于旋转角；旋转前、后的图形全等．也考查了相似三角形的判定与性质．3、C【解题分析】分别根据二次根式的定义，乘方的意义，负指数幂的意义以及绝对值的定义解答即可．【题目详解】，故选项A不合题意；﹣32＝﹣9，故选项B不合题意；（﹣3）﹣2＝19，故选项C符合题意；﹣3+|﹣3|＝﹣3+3＝0，故选项D不合题意．故选C．【题目点拨】本题主要考查了二次根式的定义，乘方的定义、负指数幂的意义以及绝对值的定义，熟记定义是解答本题的关键．4、C【解题分析】先将特殊角的三角函数值代入求解，再求出其相反数．【题目详解】∵cos30°∴cos30°的相反数是故选C．【题目点拨】本题考查了特殊角的三角函数值，解答本题的关键是掌握几个特殊角的三角函数值以及相反数的概念．5、C【解题分析】分析：根据图象的旋转变化规律以及二次函数的平移规律得出平移后解析式，进而求出m的值，由2017÷5=403…2，可知点P（2018，m）在此“波浪线”上C404段上，求出C404的解析式，然后把P（2018，m）代入即可．详解：当y=0时，﹣x（x﹣5）=0，解得x1=0，x2=5，则A1（5，0），∴OA1=5，∵将C1绕点A1旋转180°得C2，交x轴于点A2；将C2绕点A2旋转180°得C3，交x轴于点A3；…；如此进行下去，得到一“波浪线”，∴A1A2=A2A3=…=OA1=5，∴抛物线C404的解析式为y=（x﹣5×403）（x﹣5×404），即y=（x﹣2015）（x﹣2020），当x=2018时，y=（2018﹣2015）（2018﹣2020）=﹣1，即m=﹣1．故选C．点睛：此题主要考查了二次函数的平移规律，根据已知得出二次函数旋转后解析式是解题关键．6、B【解题分析】如果两个多边形的对应角相等，对应边的比相等，则这两个多边形是相似多边形．【题目详解】解：∵等边三角形的对应角相等，对应边的比相等，∴两个等边三角形一定是相似形，又∵直角三角形，菱形的对应角不一定相等，矩形的边不一定对应成比例，∴两个直角三角形、两个菱形、两个矩形都不一定是相似形，故选：B．【题目点拨】本题考查了相似多边形的识别．判定两个图形相似的依据是：对应边成比例，对应角相等，两个条件必须同时具备．7、B【解题分析】试题分析：如果全班有x名同学，那么每名同学要送出（x-1）张，共有x名学生，那么总共送的张数应该是x（x-1）张，即可列出方程．∵全班有x名同学，∴每名同学要送出（x-1）张；又∵是互送照片，∴总共送的张数应该是x（x-1）=1．故选B考点：由实际问题抽象出一元二次方程．8、D【解题分析】试题分析：因为极差为：1﹣78=20,所以A选项正确;从小到大排列为：78,85,91,1,1，中位数为91，所以B 选项正确；因为1出现了两次,最多,所以众数是1，所以C 选项正确；因为9178988598905x ++++==，所以D 选项错误.故选D ．考点：①众数②中位数③平均数④极差. 9、C 【解题分析】试题解析：∵一元二次方程2x 2+3x+m=0有两个相等的实数根， ∴△=32-4×2m=9-8m=0，解得：m=98．故选C ． 10、B 【解题分析】根据分式的运算法则即可求出答案．【题目详解】解：原式=()23-31a a -=()23-11a a -（）=31a - 故选；B 【题目点拨】本题考查分式的运算法则，解题关键是熟练运用分式的运算法则，本题属于基础题型． 11、A 【解题分析】根据“关于原点对称的点，横坐标与纵坐标都互为相反数”解答．【题目详解】解：点P （2，-1）关于原点对称的点的坐标是（-2，1）．故选A ．【题目点拨】本题考查了关于原点对称的点的坐标，解决本题的关键是掌握好对称点的坐标规律：关于原点对称的点，横坐标与纵坐标都互为相反数． 12、A 【解题分析】本题首先利用A 点恰好落在边CD 上，可以求出A´C ＝BC´＝1，又因为A´B可以得出△A´BC 为等腰直角三角形，即可以得出∠ABA´、∠DBD´的大小，然后将阴影部分利用切割法分为两个部分来求，即面积ADA´和面积DA´D´ 【题目详解】先连接BD,首先求得正方形ABCD1，由分析可以求出∠ABA´＝∠DBD´＝45°，即可以求得扇形ABA´的面积为245118024＝ππ⨯⨯，扇形BDD´的面积为2451318028ππ⨯⨯＝，面积ADA´＝面积ABCD －面积A´BC －扇形面积ABA´11112424ππ⨯⨯－－－；面积DA´D´＝扇形面积BDD´－面积DBA´－面积BA´D´＝)3113111182282ππ⨯⨯－－＝－，阴影部分面积＝面积DA´D´+面积ADA´＝8π 【题目点拨】熟练掌握面积的切割法和一些基本图形的面积的求法是本题解题的关键.二、填空题：（本大题共6个小题，每小题4分，共24分．） 13、1 【解题分析】根据“关于y 轴对称的点，纵坐标相同，横坐标互为相反数”解答即可．【题目详解】解：∵点(,)A a b 与点()3,4B - 关于y 轴对称， ∴3,4a b ==7a b +=故答案为1．【题目点拨】考查关于y 轴对称的点的坐标特征，纵坐标不变，横坐标互为相反数． 14【解题分析】利用特殊三角形的三边关系，求出AM,AE 长，求比值.【题目详解】解：如图所示，设BC=x ，∵在Rt △ABC 中，∠B =90°，∠A =30°，∴AC =2BC=2x ，AB =3BC=3x ，根据题意得：AD=BC=x ，AE=DE=AB =3x ，如图，作EM ⊥AD 于M ，则AM =12AD =12x ，在Rt △AEM 中，cos ∠EAD =3263XAM AE x==，故答案为：3 6.【题目点拨】特殊三角形： 30°-60°-90°特殊三角形，三边比例是1：3：2，利用特殊三角函数值或者勾股定理可快速求出边的实际关系.15、85°．【解题分析】如图,过F 作EF ∥AB ，而AB ∥CD ，∴AB ∥CD ∥EF ，∴∠ABF +∠BFE =180°，∠EFC =∠C ，∴∠α=180°−∠ABF +∠C =180°−120°+25°=85°16、﹣18【解题分析】要求代数式a3b﹣2a2b2+ab3的值，而代数式a3b﹣2a2b2+ab3恰好可以分解为两个已知条件ab，（a﹣b）的乘积，因此可以运用整体的数学思想来解答．【题目详解】a3b﹣2a2b2+ab3=ab（a2﹣2ab+b2）=ab（a﹣b）2，当a﹣b=3，ab=﹣2时，原式=﹣2×32=﹣18，故答案为：﹣18.【题目点拨】本题考查了因式分解在代数式求值中的应用，熟练掌握因式分解的方法以及运用整体的数学思想是解题的关键. 17、1【解题分析】作CE⊥AB于E，根据题意求出AC的长，根据正弦的定义求出CE，根据三角形的外角的性质求出∠B的度数，根据正弦的定义计算即可．【题目详解】作CE⊥AB于E，1km/h×30分钟=9km，∴AC=9km，∵∠CAB=45°，∴CE=AC•sin45°=9km，∵灯塔B在它的南偏东15°方向，∴∠NCB=75°，∠CAB=45°，∴∠B=30°，∴BC==＝1km，【题目点拨】本题考查的是解直角三角形的应用-方向角问题，正确标注方向角、熟记锐角三角函数的定义是解题的关键．18、1【解题分析】将所求式子提取xy分解因式后，把x+y与xy的值代入计算，即可得到所求式子的值．【题目详解】∵x+y=8，xy=2，∴x2y+xy2=xy（x+y）=2×8=1．故答案为：1．【题目点拨】本题考查的知识点是因式分解的应用，解题关键是将所求式子分解因式．三、解答题：（本大题共9个小题，共78分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．19、（1）9，9；（2）乙；（3）1680棵；【解题分析】（1）根据中位数定义：将一组数据按照从小到大（或从大到小）的顺序排列，如果数据的个数是奇数，则处于中间位置的数就是这组数据的中位数可得答案；（2）根据样本要具有代表性可得乙同学抽取的样本比较有代表性；（3）利用样本估计总体的方法计算即可．【题目详解】（1）表1中30位同学植树情况的中位数是9棵，表2中的众数是9棵；故答案为：9，9；（2）乙同学所抽取的样本能更好反映此次植树活动情况；故答案为：乙；（3）由题意可得：（3×6+6×7+3×8+12×9+6×10）÷30×200=1680（棵），答：本次活动200位同学一共植树1680棵．【题目点拨】本题考查了抽样调查，以及中位数，解题的关键是掌握中位数定义及抽样调查抽取的样本要具有代表性．20、见解析,【解题分析】要证∠DAE=∠ECD．需先证△ADF≌△CEF，由折叠得BC=EC，∠B=∠AEC，由矩形得BC=AD，∠B=∠ADC=90°，再根据等量代换和对顶角相等可以证出，得出结论．【题目详解】证明：由折叠得：BC =EC ，∠B =∠AEC ，∵矩形ABCD ，∴BC =AD ，∠B =∠ADC =90°，∴EC =DA ，∠AEC =∠ADC =90°，又∵∠AFD =∠CFE ，∴△ADF ≌△CEF （AAS ）∴∠DAE =∠ECD ．【题目点拨】本题考查折叠的性质、矩形的性质、全等三角形的性质和判定等知识，借助于三角形全等证明线段相等和角相等是常用的方法．21、 (1)当AD BD ⊥，BC BD ⊥时有最大值1；(2)当8BD =时，面积有最大值32.【解题分析】（1）由题意当AD ∥BC ，BD ⊥AD 时，四边形ABCD 的面积最大，由此即可解决问题．（2）设BD=x ，由题意：当AD ∥BC ，BD ⊥AD 时，四边形ABCD 的面积最大，构建二次函数，利用二次函数的性质即可解决问题．【题目详解】(1) 由题意当AD ∥BC ，BD ⊥AD 时，四边形ABCD 的面积最大，最大面积为12×6×（16-6）=1．故当AD BD ⊥，BC BD ⊥时有最大值1；(2)当AD BD ，BC BD ⊥时有最大值，设BD x =, 由题意：当AD ∥BC ，BD ⊥AD 时，四边形ABCD 的面积最大，16AD BD BC ++=16AD BC x ∴+=-ABD CBD ABCD S S S ∴=+四边形1122AD BD BC BD =⋅+⋅ ()12AD BC BD =+⋅ ()1162x x =-()21=8322x --+ 102-< ∴抛物线开口向下∴当8BD = 时，面积有最大值32.【题目点拨】本题考查三角形的面积，二次函数的应用等知识，解题的关键是学会利用参数构建二次函数解决问题．22、 (1)45，1227，627π；(2)满足条件的∠QQ 0D 为45°或135°；(3)BP 的长为275或2725；(4)7210≤CQ≤7. 【解题分析】(1)由已知，可知△APQ 为等腰直角三角形，可得∠PAB ，再利用三角形相似可得PA ，及弧AQ 的长度；(2)分点Q 在BD 上方和下方的情况讨论求解即可．(3)分别讨论点Q 在BD 上方和下方的情况，利用切线性质，在由(2)用BP 0表示BP ，由射影定理计算即可；(4)由(2)可知，点Q 在过点Q o ，且与BD 夹角为45°的线段EF 上运动，有图形可知，当点Q 运动到点E 时，CQ 最长为7，再由垂线段最短，应用面积法求CQ 最小值．【题目详解】解：(1)如图，过点P 做PE ⊥AD 于点E由已知，AP ＝PQ ，∠APQ ＝90°∴△APQ 为等腰直角三角形∴∠PAQ ＝∠PAB ＝45°设PE ＝x ，则AE ＝x ，DE ＝4﹣x∵PE ∥AB∴△DEP ∽△DAB∴DE DA =PE AB ∴4-x 4=3x解得x＝12 7∴PA＝2PE＝122 7∴弧AQ的长为14•2π•1227＝627π．故答案为45，1227，627π．(2)如图，过点Q做QF⊥BD于点F由∠APQ＝90°，∴∠APP0+∠QPD＝90°∵∠P0AP+∠APP0＝90°∴∠QPD＝∠P0AP∵AP＝PQ∴△APP0≌△PQF∴AP0＝PF，P0P＝QF∵AP0＝P0Q0∴Q0D＝P0P∴QF＝FQ0∴∠QQ0D＝45°．当点Q在BD的右下方时，同理可得∠PQ0Q＝45°，此时∠QQ0D＝135°，综上所述，满足条件的∠QQ0D为45°或135°．(3)如图当点Q直线BD上方，当以点Q为圆心，23BP为半径的圆与直线BD相切时过点Q做QF⊥BD于点F，则QF＝23BP由(2)可知，PP0＝23BP∴BP0＝13BP∵AB＝3，AD＝4 ∴BD＝5∵△ABP0∽△DBA ∴AB2＝BP0•BD∴9＝13BP×5∴BP＝27 5同理，当点Q位于BD下方时，可求得BP＝27 25故BP的长为275或2725(4)由(2)可知∠QQ0D＝45°则如图，点Q在过点Q0，且与BD夹角为45°的线段EF上运动，当点P与点B重合时，点Q与点F重合，此时，CF＝4﹣3＝1当点P与点D重合时，点Q与点E重合，此时，CE＝4+3＝7∴EF22CF+CE2217+2过点C做CH⊥EF于点H由面积法可知CH＝FC ECEF•52210∴CQ的取值范围为：210≤CQ≤7【题目点拨】本题是几何综合题，考查了三角形全等、勾股定理、切线性质以及三角形相似的相关知识，应用了分类讨论和数形结合的数学思想．23、（1）不可能；（2）1 6 .【解题分析】（1）利用确定事件和随机事件的定义进行判断；（2）画树状图展示所有12种等可能的结果数，再找出其中某顾客该天早餐刚好得到菜包和油条的结果数，然后根据概率公式计算．【题目详解】（1）某顾客在该天早餐得到两个鸡蛋”是不可能事件；故答案为不可能；（2）画树状图：共有12种等可能的结果数，其中某顾客该天早餐刚好得到菜包和油条的结果数为2，所以某顾客该天早餐刚好得到菜包和油条的概率=21 126．【题目点拨】本题考查了列表法与树状图法：利用列表法或树状图法展示所有等可能的结果n，再从中选出符合事件A或B的结果数目m，然后利用概率公式mn计算事件A或事件B的概率．24、（1）y=10x+160；（2）5280元；（3）10000元.【解题分析】试题分析：（1）根据题意，由售价是80元/个时，每周可卖出160个，若销售单价每个降低2元，则每周可多卖出20个，可得销售量y个与降价x元之间的函数关系式；（2）根据题意结合每周获得的利润W=销量×每个的利润，进而利用二次函数增减性求出答案；（3）根据题意，由利润不低于5200元列出不等式，进一步得到销售量的取值范围，从而求出答案．试题解析：（1）依题意有：y=10x+160；（2）依题意有：W=（80﹣50﹣x）（10x+160）=﹣10（x﹣7）2+5290，∵-10＜0且x为偶数，故当x=6或x=8时，即故当销售单价定为74或72元时，每周销售利润最大，最大利润是5280元；（3）依题意有：﹣10（x﹣7）2+5290≥5200，解得4≤x≤10，则200≤y≤260，200×50=10000（元）．答：他至少要准备10000元进货成本．点睛：此题主要考查了二次函数的应用以及一元二次方程的应用等知识，正确利用销量×每个的利润=W得出函数关系式是解题关键．25、1．【解题分析】先根据分式的运算法则进行化简,再代入求值.【题目详解】解：原式=（）×=×=；将x=1代入原式==1．【题目点拨】分式的化简求值26、(1)200；(2)见解析；(3)126°；(4)240人．【解题分析】(1)根据文史类的人数以及文史类所占的百分比即可求出总人数(2)根据总人数以及生活类的百分比即可求出生活类的人数以及小说类的人数;(3)根据小说类的百分比即可求出圆心角的度数;(4)利用样本中喜欢社科类书籍的百分比来估计总体中的百分比,从而求出喜欢社科类书籍的学生人数【题目详解】(1)∵喜欢文史类的人数为76人，占总人数的38%，∴此次调查的总人数为：76÷38%＝200人，故答案为200；(2)∵喜欢生活类书籍的人数占总人数的15%，∴喜欢生活类书籍的人数为：200×15%＝30人，∴喜欢小说类书籍的人数为：200﹣24﹣76﹣30＝70人，如图所示：(3)∵喜欢社科类书籍的人数为：24人，∴喜欢社科类书籍的人数占了总人数的百分比为：24100×100%＝12%，∴喜欢小说类书籍的人数占了总分数的百分比为：100%﹣15%﹣38%﹣12%＝35%，∴小说类所在圆心角为：360°×35%＝126°；(4)由样本数据可知喜欢“社科类”书籍的学生人数占了总人数的12%，∴该校共有学生2000人，估计该校喜欢“社科类”书籍的学生人数：2000×12%＝240人．【题目点拨】此题考查扇形统计图和条形统计图，看懂图中数据是解题关键27、有触礁危险，理由见解析.【解题分析】试题分析：过点P 作PD ⊥AC 于D ，在Rt △PBD 和Rt △PAD 中，根据三角函数AD ，BD 就可以用PD 表示出来，根据AB =12海里，就得到一个关于PD 的方程，求得PD ．从而可以判断如果渔船不改变航线继续向东航行，有没有触礁危险．试题解析：有触礁危险．理由：过点P 作PD ⊥AC 于D ．设PD 为x ，在Rt △PBD 中，∠PBD =90°-45°=45°．∴BD =PD =x ．在Rt △PAD 中，∵∠PAD =90°-60°=30°∴AD =330x x tan ＝︒∵AD =AB +BD 3=12+x∴x 3+131-（） ∵63）＜18∴渔船不改变航线继续向东航行，有触礁危险．【题目点拨】本题主要考查解直角三角形在实际问题中的应用，构造直角三角形是解题的前提和关键．。

2022年广东省广州市海珠区中考数学一模试题及答案解析

2022年广东省广州市海珠区中考数学一模试卷一、选择题（本大题共10小题，共30.0分。

在每小题列出的选项中，选出符合题目的一项）1. 下列各数中，无理数是( )A. √4B. 17C. 3 D. √322. 下列图形中，中心对称图形是( )A. B. C. D.3. 已知一组数据：12、18、17、13、11、15，这组数据的中位数是( )A. 13B. 14C. 15D. 174. 下列计算中，正确的是( )A. (3a3)2=9a9B. 3a+3b=6abC. a6÷a3=a2D. −5a+3a=−2a5. 如图，△ABC中，∠ABC=90°，沿BC所在的直线向右平移得到△DEF，下列结论中不一定成立的是( )A. EC=CFB. ∠DEF=90°C. AC=DFD. AC//DF6. 如图，▱ABCD的周长是32，对角线AC、BD相交于点O，点E是AD的中点，BD=12，则△DOE的周长为( )A. 16B. 14C. 22D. 187. 如图，在⊙O中，AO=3，∠C=60°，则劣弧AB⏜的长度为( )A. 6πB. 9πC. 2πD. 3π8. 某小区原有一块长为30米，宽为20米的矩形康乐健身区域，现计划在这一场地四周(场内)筑一条宽度相等的健走步道，其步道面积为214平方米，设这条步道的宽度为x米，可以列出方程是( )A. (30−2x)(20−2x)=214B. (30−x)(20−x)=30×20−214C. (30−2x)(20−2x)=30×20−214D. (30+2x)(20+2x)=30×20−2149. 如图，A、B是双曲线y=k上的两点，过A点作AC⊥x轴，垂足为点C，AC交OB于点D，x若△ADO的面积为1，D为OB的中点，则k的值为( )A. 43B. 83C. 3D. 410. 若二次函数y=ax2−6ax+3(a<0)，当2≤x≤5时，8≤y≤12，则a的值是( )A. 1B. −59C. −95D. −1二、填空题（本大题共6小题，共18.0分）11. 若分式1的值等于1，则x=______．x+112. 二次函数y=−(x+1)2−8的图象的顶点坐标是______．13. 已知圆锥的母线长为4，底面半径为3，则圆锥的侧面积等于______．14. 若实数m满足√(m−1)2=1−m，则m的取值范围是______．15. 菱形的两个内角的度数比是1：3，一边上的高长是4，则菱形的面积是______．16. 如图，在⊙O中，AC，BD是直径，∠BOC=60°，点P是劣弧AB上任意一点(不与A、B重合)，过P作AC垂线，交AC、BD所在直线于点E、F，过点P作BD垂线，交BD、AC所在直线于点G、H，下列选项中，正确的是______．①PEPG =PHPF；②∠GPE=60°；③PG+PE最大值为3√32AO；④当△PEH≌△CBA时，S△PGF：S矩形ABCD=1：8．三、计算题（本大题共1小题，共4.0分）17. 解不等式组：{4x−1≥x+22x+4<5x−2．四、解答题（本大题共8小题，共68.0分。

2023年广东省广州市海珠区中考英语一模试卷(附答案详解)

2023年广东省广州市海珠区中考英语一模试卷Once upon a time when Earth was young，Winter ruled.Mountains，riversand forests （1）______ with snow and ice.The floor（隔层）（2）______Earth and Sky was so hard that Sun couldn't pass through to warm theground.A big bear，called Fisher，had magic in his tail （3）______ helped himcatch fish.He decided to bring Summer to Earth.Fisher invited all of Earth's creatures to a meeting."We will find a way to warm Earth，" he said. "Who （4）______ with me to the place where Earth is closest to Sky？"Wolverine agreed to go with Fisher.Fisher used his magical tail （5）______ fish for them to eat along the way.After many days，they reached the top of （6）______ mountain on Earth，so high that it almost tickled Sky.There Fisher tried his best to hit the Sky's floor，（7）______ he made only a tiny scratch （抓痕）.He （8）______ break through to Sky."Let me （9）______ ，" cried Wolverine. "I am the strongest."Wolverine hit against the Sky's floor，once，twice，three times.Finally，a tiny crack appeared.He kept jumping and （10）______ widened the crack into a hole.Soon Sun sent （11）______ light through the hole，and they watched as the snow began to melt. "We must make the hole bigger，" Fisher said.Then，using his sharp teeth，he bit off more pieces of the Sky's floor.Suddenly （12）______ band of Sky People ran toward them.By the time they reached him，he'd widened the hole enough （13）______ Sun could warm Earth for half of every year."Stop，thieves，" they cried. "Stop （14）______ our warmth!"Fisher ran away but one arrow struck his tail and he began falling.He hit the Sky's floor and turned into stars in the sky.If you look up to Sky （15）______ a clear night，you will see him there still.1. A. cover B. covered C. are covered D. were covered2. A. between B. among C. on D. in3. A. who B. which C. what D. whose4. A. went B. goes C. will go D. have gone5. A. to catch B. catch C. of catching D. caught6. A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest7. A. because B. but C. so D. or8. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. couldn't D. needn't9. A. try B. to try C. tries D. trying10. A. succeed B. success C. successfully D. successful11. A. it B. them C. its D. their12. A. / B. a C. an D. the13. A. so that B. as soon as C. because of D. even though14. A. steal B. stealing C. to steal D. steals15. A. at B. on C. in D. forGrayson didn't want to talk to anybody.His friends were all discussingtheir class projects for the weekend excitedly.Grayson's cheeks grewwarm with（1）______ .How could they understand his feelings whentheir parents would help them？His parents worked all the time.When school was over，Grayson ran out and raced home.He（2）______his backpack on the floor，and walked heavily to his room."How was school today，Grayson？" Grandpa asked."It was okay，I guess.""It doesn't seem like that."Grayson told Grandpa about the（3）______ .Each student needed to build something with an adult，and then made a report about it.Grandpa listened （4）______ . "That sounds nice，" he said. "Why are you so（5）______ ？" Grayson felt sadness rising inside him. "I don't have anyone to help me."Grandpa raised his eyebrows. "What am I？" he asked. "A useless person？"Grayson froze in （6）______ . "You will do it with me，Grandpa？""Sure!" Grandpa said.Grayson's heart seemed so light.Maybe this project wasn't so bad.After dinner，they sat at the table and made a list of ideas.They settled on building a robot from old boxes. When they finished，the kitchen table was a mess.But Grayson couldn't stop （7）______ ."I think it's the best robot I have ever built.Now I have to write my report，" Grayson said.He ran to Grandpa's side and hugged him. "Thank you，Grandpa.I had a lot of （8）______ ." "Me，too.Maybe next time we can （9）______ something that explodes，like a volcano." Grandpa said. Grayson smiled again.He could （10）______ wait.16. A. happiness B. excitement C. embarrassment D. anger17. A. took B. dropped C. displaced D. reached18. A. project B. report C. bus D. school19. A. angrily B. quietly C. sadly D. rudely20. A. afraid B. upset C. excited D. cheerful21. A. silence B. fear C. surprise D. difficulty22. A. smiling B. tidying C. thinking D. watching23. A. praises B. work C. problems D. fun24. A. buy B. draw C. build D. write25. A. suddenly B. hardly C. patiently D. easilyCMiss Martha kept a little cake shop.Two or three times a week acustomer came in who she began taking an interest in.He was amiddle-aged man.His clothes were worn but he looked neat，and hadvery good manners.He always bought two loaves of stale bread.Neverdid he call for anything but stale bread.Once Miss Martha saw a red and brown mark on his fingers.She wassure that he was a very poor artist.She wanted to add something good to eat to his stale bread，but hercourage failed at the act.She knew the pride of artists.One day the customer came as usual，laid his coins on the showcase，and called for his stale bread.While Miss Martha was reaching for them，a fire-engine came lumbering past.The customer hurried to the door to look.Suddenly inspired，Miss Martha took the chance.On the bottom shelf was a pound of fresh butter.With a bread knife Miss Martha made a deep cut in each of the stale loaves，put in a lot of butter，and pressed the loaves tight again.When the customer came again，she was tying the paper around them.When he had gone，Miss Martha smiled，not without a slight beating fast of the heart.For a long time that day she imagined the scene when he discovered her little kind trick.Suddenly the front doorbell jangled viciously.Miss Martha felt a little scared and hurried to the front.A young man and her artist were there.His face was very red，his hat was on the back of his head，and his hair was in a mess."Silly!" he shouted loudly. "You have destroyed me!" He held his two fists and shook them angrily at Miss Martha."Come on，" the young man said，"you've said enough." He pulled the angry one out，and then came back. "He's an architectural draftsman，" he said. "He's been working hard for three months drawing a plan for a new city hall.It was a prize competition.He finished inking the lines yesterday.You know，a draftsman always makes his drawing in pencil first.When it's done，he rubs out the pencil lines with stale bread.That'sbetter than erasers.Well，today — well，you know，that butter isn't — well，his plan isn't good for anything now."26. Why did Miss Martha put fresh butter in the stale bread？______A. Because she wanted to help the man.B. Because she wanted to make more money.C. Because she wanted to make fun of the man.D. Because she wanted to stop the man from winning the competition.27. What do the underlined words "jangled viciously" in paragraph 7 mean？______A. Rang gently.B. Rang noisily.C. Rang politely.D. Rang nicely.28. What caused the middle-aged man to shout at Miss Martha？______A. Miss Martha hurt his pride.B. He was too poor to buy anything but stale bread.C. The butter Miss Martha gave him was not fresh.D. The butter destroyed his drawing for the competition.29. What can we learn from the story？______A. Don't help the artists.B. Don't put butter into the stale bread.C. Help others at once when they're in trouble.D. Understand the real needs of others before helping them.DMarie was born in Poland on November 7，1867.Marie's family had many troubles.Her mother was seriously ill.When Mariewas 6，her father lost his job and their home.They moved to a small flat.Itwas noisy and crowded.But the noise did not stop her from studying.In 1883，Marie finished high school.She dreamed of becoming ascientist.But in Poland，girls were not allowed to go to college.And herfamily did not have enough money to send her to a university in anothercountry.Reaching her dream seemed impossible.Marie and her sister Bronya decided to study in France.Marie would work to pay for Bronya's schooling.Then，once Bronya left school，she would work and pay for Marie's schooling.Finally，in 1891，Marie's dream came true.She entered a university in Paris.In three years，she got advanced degrees in Physics and Maths.She also met a scientist named Pierre Curie and they married in 1895.Marie studied a metal element called uranium.She wanted to study uranium because scientists knew itgave off unseeable rays of energy.She wondered where the rays came from.Marie began testing rocks to find out if other elements gave off rays，too.Marie concluded two elements （元素）found in the rocks were radioactive.They were thorium and uranium.She called the energy "radioactivity".Marie's experiments were so exciting that she and Pierre soon began working together.One day，Marie began testing a black rock.Marie discovered a new element in the rock.She named it "polonium".After Marie took away the polonium，the rock was still radioactive.She knew another radioactive element was inside the rock.She called it "radium".In 1903，Marie and Pierre received the Nobel Prize in Physics.Marie was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize.In 1911，Marie accepted the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.She was the first person to receive two Nobel Prizes.Yet the work made her sick.On July 4，1934，Marie Curie died of a blood disease that may be caused by radiation.Marie's discoveries helped save millions of lives and changed the scientific world.Radiation has been used to treat cancer.Her ideas about the atom helped lead to the discovery of nuclear energy.30. What happened to Marie？______A. She was born in a rich family in Poland.B. She received the Noble Prizes in Physics and Maths.C. She discovered the two new elements were radioactive.D. She went to university in France because she loved France.31. What caused Marie to study uranium？______A. The experiment was very exciting.B. The scientists knew nothing about uranium.C. She wanted to know where the rays came from.D. She wanted to work together with her husband.32. What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 9 mean？______A. The black rock.B. The energy.C. The experiment.D. The new element.33. What's the purpose of the passage？______A. To introduce Marie's life.B. To introduce Marie's dream.C. To introduce the Nobel Prize.D. To introduce polonium and radium.EParents and teachers know how difficult the teenage years can be.Teens have always been known to do wild，even dangerous things.This was thought to be because of the "foolishness of youth".Now，the new technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail.Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act this way.A Work in ProgressRecently，scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of 6，they are far from fully developed.Only during youth hood our brains truly "grow up".During this time，they go through great changes，like a computer system being upgraded.Now，scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25.Such changes make us better at balancing impulses（冲动）with the following rules.But a still-developing brain can't do it well.The result is the changeable behavior seen in teenagers.Pleasure SeekersThe studies say that teens probably take risks and behave badly.Luckily，as a brain scientist points out，the teen brain encourages such behavior in order to help teens prepare for adult life.One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward.Researchers found that when teens think about rewards，their brains produce more chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain does.Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks，and makes teens feel more excited about new experiences than adults do.Research also found that it makes social connections seem especially useful.The brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends，which is believed to make us more successful in life.Unluckily，this hunt for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions.However，it also means that teens are more possible，and less afraid，to try new things or to be independent，which can help teens leave their parents' care and live their own lives successfully.34. What can we know about our brains？______A. They don't develop until age 25.B. They are fully developed by the age of 6.C. They grow bigger only during youth hood.D. It's not easy to act on impulse with developed brains.35. How does the teen brain help them prepare for adult life？______A. By making teens keep off new people.B. By leading teens to make bad decisions.C. By making teens braver to try new things.D. By changing the way teens measure pleasure and reward.36. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？______A. B.C. D.37. What can be the best title of this passage？______A. The teensB. The teenage brainC. The pleasure seekersD. The work in progressFMary's pumpkin cakesMary White，68，is a retired teacher.She has lost weight at Keeping-fitWorld group in Walton，Liverpool.My cooking skills have improved since joining Keeping-fit World.I madea lot of vegetarian meals and really enjoyed the dishes in the cookbook.Sowhen the Free Food Fair came around，I challenged myself to a vegan recipe，and my pumpkin cakes were born.Steps1）In a large bowl，add the pumpkin to half of the yogurt，and stir well.Spray a large baking plate with cooking spray.2）Meanwhile，microwave the sweet potato on high for 6 minutes.If you don't have a microwave，you can bake it with the pumpkin for 35-40 minutes.3）Mash the sweet potato until smooth.Add the remaining yogurt，the pumpkin and chickpeas，mix them together.4）When cool enough to hold，divide the mixture into 12 and shape into thick pies. 5）Place on a large baking plate with baking paper，then bake for 25 minutes.Serve with the salad，extra yogurt，and lemon wedges.38. Why did Mary challenge herself to pumpkin cakes？______A. To lose weight.B. To teach students to make cakes.C. To enjoy the dishes.D. To take part in the Free Food Fair.39. What are necessary to make the pumpkin cakes？______A. High-calorie cooking spray and a pumpkin.B. Low-calorie cooking spray and chickpeas.C. Sweet dairy-free soya yogurt and lemon wedges.D. Plain unsweetened dairy soya yogurt and a sweet potato.40. Which shows the correct steps to make pumpkin cakes？______a.Bake the thick pies for 25 minutes.b.Shape the mixture into 12 thick pies.c.Mix yogurt and pumpkin together，and then stir.d.Add the yogurt，pumpkin and chickpeas to the smooth potato.e.Spray with cooking spray，and microwave the sweet potato.A. c-e-d-b-aB. e-c-d-b-aC. e-c-d-a-bD. c-e-d-a-b41. Dolphin therapy（疗法）is good for children who have special problems，for example，children who cannot speak or move very well or children who cannot focus or remember things.（1）______ Dolphin therapy cannot cure problems like autism （孤独症），but it can help children focus and communicate better with other people.Dolphin therapy doesn't replace other therapies that children have at home or school.（2）______How does it work Scientists have discovered that there is a connection between memory and emotional experiences.Children have wonderful，emotional experiences with dolphins.（3）______ Sometimes，children with special physical or mental problems do not feel confident.（4）______ Dolphins accept children completely and so the children feel safe and secure.After spending time with dolphins，children feel that they can do many things.（5）______ Here are some of their comments. "My son Tim has autism.After one session of dolphin therapy，he felt the days were the best of his whole life!" "My daughter Ann has problems focusing on her lessons，but when she is with the dolphins she does better."A.It is an additional activity.B.What do parents think of dolphin therapyC.This helps them to remember things better.D.What exactly can dolphin therapy help with？E.Contact with dolphins gives children more confidence.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)42. Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art.These usually try to show the things that are important in life，such as love，beauty，and family.Sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming.He sent them out to ask for help when in t（1）______ .Today，sky lanterns are used at f（2）______ and other celebrations.They are m（3）______ of bamboo and covered with paper.They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes. Paper cutting has been around for over 1，500 years.Paper cutting sounds very easy but it can be d （4）______ to do.The paper，usually red，is cut with scissors.The most common pictures are flowers，animals and things about Chinese history.They are put on windows，doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good l（5）______ and a happy new year.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)43. 你知道永庆坊因什么而出名吗？Do you know ______ Yongqing Fang ______ famous for44. 永庆坊充满岭南文化。

2024年广州海珠区英语一模试卷解析

2024年广州海珠区英语一模试卷解析Analysis of 2024 Guangzhou Haizhu District English 1st Model Exam PaperIn 2024, the English 1st model exam paper for Haizhu District in Guangzhou tested students on a variety of language skills including reading comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, and writing. Let's take a closer look at the exam paper and see how students could have approached each section.Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section consisted of a variety of texts, ranging from newspaper articles to literary passages. Students were required to read the texts carefully and answer multiple choice questions based on the information provided. To excel in this section, students needed to pay attention to details such as main ideas, supporting details, and the author's purpose. It was important for students to practice skimming and scanning techniques to quickly locate key information.GrammarThe grammar section assessed students' knowledge of English grammar rules, including tenses, verb forms, articles, and prepositions. It was crucial for students to understand the rulesand be able to apply them accurately in sentences. To succeed in this section, students needed to practice grammar exercises regularly and review common mistakes.VocabularyThe vocabulary section tested students' knowledge of English vocabulary, including synonyms, antonyms, and word meanings. It was essential for students to expand their vocabulary by reading extensively and learning new words from context. Students could also benefit from using flashcards and vocabulary apps to memorize words more effectively.WritingThe writing section required students to write an essay or a letter on a given topic. Students needed to organize their ideas coherently, use appropriate language and punctuation, and demonstrate a good understanding of the topic. To improve their writing skills, students should practice writing regularly and seek feedback from teachers or peers.Overall, the 2024 Haizhu District English 1st model exam paper provided students with a comprehensive assessment of their language skills. To excel in the exam, students needed to practice reading, writing, grammar, and vocabulary consistently.By focusing on their weaknesses and seeking help when needed, students could improve their English proficiency and achieve better results in future exams.。

2022年广东省广州市海珠区中考一模语文试卷含答案

2022年广东省广州市海珠区中考一模语文试卷一、（5小题，16分）1.下列词语中，每对加点字的读音都相同的一项是(2分)（）A.倔强．/ 强．词夺理烘．烤/ 哄．堂大笑B.喧哗．/ 哗．众取宠咆．哮/ 刨．根问底C.咀嚼．/ 味同嚼．蜡粗犷．/ 心旷．神怡D.应和．/ 和．颜悦色隔膜．/ 不可捉摸．2.下列词语中，没有错别字的一项是(2分)（）A.伫蓄殚精竭虑蒙胧不修边幅B.要决怪诞不经踊跃震聋发聩C.泄气意想天开琐屑千钧重负D.糟蹋丰功伟绩敦实郑重其事3.下列句子中，加点词语使用最恰当的一项是(2分)（）A.虎年春节期间，广州香江野生动物世界的百虎山正式开放，全国游客纷至沓来．．．．，热闹非凡。

B,电影《水门桥》以气势恢宏的场面、抑扬顿挫．．．．的情节和个性鲜明的人物，赢得了影迷的好评。

C.为庆祝教师节，班长小海提议全班同学为各科老师录制祝福视频，大家随声附和．．．．，纷纷赞同。

D.亚洲杯决赛中，中国女足在落后两分的情况下连进三球，最终夺得冠军，真是可歌可泣．．．．。

4.下列句子中，没有语病的一项是(2分)（）A.为了发扬体育学科的育人功能，本学期我校将武术、舞龙舞狮、毽球等南粤传统体育项目纳入校本课程。

B.随着检测技术的革新，市民可通过零售药店、网络销售平台等渠道，自行购买抗原检测试剂进行自测。

C.作为一座有着超过2200年以上悠久历史的文化名城，广州的很多地名都承载着丰富的历史文化信息。

D.海珠区海洲路为了推动琶洲西区来往阅江路、新港东路的车辆科学分流为目的，近日全线贯通，如期通车。

5.小珠参加学校开设的“健康第一”劳动教育课。

下面是他收集的相关资料，请你协助他完成以下综合性学习任务。

（8分）材料一：2021年广东省卫生健康委发布的《广东居民健康公约三字经》获得了广泛关注。

小珠节选了部分内容制作手抄报，如右图：材料二：守住身体各项健康指标的“底线”，有助于改善生活方式，保持健康状态。

（2）任务二：请分析《广东居民健康公约三字经》获得广泛关注的原因。

2023-2024学年广东省广州市海珠区重点达标名校中考英语最后一模试卷含答案

2023-2024学年广东省广州市海珠区重点达标名校中考英语最后一模试卷含答案注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。

2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。

3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。

Ⅰ. 单项选择1、—Do you still play basketball?—Oh. no. I ________ it for the past two years.A．haven’t played B．didn’t play C．won't play D．hadn’t played2、—What do you think of the boy's painting?一I've never seen a person with a better of art.A．view B．idea C．feeling D．sense3、Tim, you're all wet. Take off the clothes, you will catch a cold.A．or B．and C．but D．so4、The boy explains the important problem ______，so that everyone can understand him.A．carefully B．clear C．quickly D．carelessly5、—Could you show me how to make a fruit salad?—. First, you need to choose some fresh fruit of different colours.A．With pleasure B．Of course not C．Y ou’re welcome D．It doesn’t matter6、---The film Coco is very Interesting, isn't it?---Yes. But I don't think_____ likes watching itA．somebody B．anybody C．nobody D．everybody7、— Do you think teenagers to make their own decisions？—No, I don’t think so. They’re too young to do that.A．encourage B．are encouragingC．should be encouraged D．were encouraged8、--- Which of the two shirts would you like to choose?--- Both. Then I can give one to my brother and leave ________ to myself.A．another B．the other C．other9、"I want to know ." said the boy opening the box.A．what's inside the box B．where the box isC．that there's some candy D．how big is the box10、— The radio says there will be a rainstorm next week, so we have to put off the hiking to the mountain.—. We are looking forward to it.A．Never mind B．What a pity C．My pleasure D．No problemⅡ. 完形填空11、On a trip to California, my family stopped for lunch. As we walked towards the entrance to the restaurant, a man, with a messy beard and _____ hair, jumped up from a bench outside the restaurant and opened the door for us. Paying no attention to his ______, he greeted us in a friendly way.Once inside, my daughters sai d in a low voice, “Mom, he _______.” After we ordered our lunch, I explained, telling the the kids to look beyond the dirt. We then watched other _____ come into the restaurant but many took no notice of him. Seeing this rudeness truly ______me. The day I became a mother, I had determined to set a good example to my children. Yet sometimes being a good example was _______, especially when things didn’t go right. After our meal arrived, I realized I had left my car-sick pills in the car, so I went back to the car to get them.Just then, the “doorman”was opening the door for a couple. They ______ him without even noticing his presence. Letting them in first, I said a loud “thank you” to ______ as I went out.When I returned, we talked a bit. He said he was not allowed inside _____ he bought food. I went back and asked our waitress to ______ one soup and sandwich. The kids looked puzzed as they had already eaten. But when I told them his story and said the _____ was for the “doorman”, they smiled. When it was ti me to continue our ______, I found the “doorman” enjoying his meal. Upon seeing me, he stood up and thanked me heartily with tears in his eyes.Back in the car, I fell into deep thought. While we can’t choose many things in life, we can choose _____ to sho w gratitude. I said thanks to a man who had _____held open a door for me, and also said thanks for that opportunity to teach my children by _______.1．A．dirty B．clean C．pretty D．shiny2．A．appearance B．happiness C．illness D．carelessness3．A．smokes B．shouts C．smells D．smiles4．A．travelers B．visitors C．passengers D．customers5．A．taught B．upset C．troubled D．surprised6．A．tiring B．amazing C．difficult D．successful7．A．waited for B．rushed past C．stopped by D．returned to8．A．him B．them C．myself D．themselves9．A．before B．since C．though D．unless10．A．buy B．add C．show D．borrow11．A．order B．money C．note D．service12．A．meal B．talk C．trip D．story13．A．where B．when C．how D．why14．A．actually B．truly C．really D．simply15．A．journey B．example C．lesson D．experienceⅢ. 语法填空12、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使内容通顺, 每空格限填一词，首字母已给)More play and less work makes for more talented(有才能的) children. Some officials suggested that school hours for children aged 7 to 12 should be reduced, and that they should be1．to spend at least an hour a day on team sports.All work and no play makes children depressed. Becky, an 8-year-old girl, used to be happy when she finished classes every day, but now, life has become unhappy. To make sure she has enough time for the lessons, she has to study until 11 at night to finish her homework.Some ideas are offered for helping cultivate(培养) kids’ talents. The ideas2．cutting down classroom hours, introducing more team sports for children, getting parents to stop putting too much pressure on children and some other suggestions. It is believed that all these can help train young people to be confident.“I used to go to the park with my parents on weekends before because I like playing tennis with my dad and I can play well,” a boy said, “But now, I3．have time to do that any more.”“I would like to try other things, such as drawing,” Nara sa id. She was interested in drawing, but her parents thought it was not a bright way for her.Children now spend more time doing homework than playing, and we all know it’s quite4．for them to have plenty of sleep. A lot of homework and heavy school bags are driving more young children away from a joyful childhood. Parents believe that5．well in school is a sure way to make their children have a bright future. The study showed that about 80 percent of parents said they expected their children to get a university degree or some form of higher education. About 15 percent of students in primary school and 40 percent in middle school said they thought their parents werenot6．with their marks.“Parents must always be willing to talk to their children and make them happy,” an educator advised, “Encourage him or her to be confident when he or she faces7．. Parents should know what their children like and what they want.”Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、Bicycle sharing systems are also known as yellow bicycle programs, white bicycle programs, public bikes, or freebikes. They are increasingly popular in Europe now. Paris has the world’s largest urban (城市的) cycle rental system. This is a bike rental station in Paris. The workers are showing how to use a new self-service bike. They say that Paris will become “a green capital of bikes” and they plan to park 20,000 bicycles at 1,600 stations. Paris created this plan to reduce waste gas displacement (废气排气量).At a rental station, you only have to put your credit card into the machine to rent a bike. It provides French, German, English and Chinese services. If you ride the bike for only 30 minutes to relax, you needn’t pay for it. A two-hour bike rent only costs you 4 euros.These stations work for 24 hours every day, so a bike is rented for 10 to 14 times a day. In this way there are 200,000 people using bikes a day.In the past few years, Paris has encouraged its people to ride bikes, but something unhappy has happened now and then. Some people break the traffic rules during rush hours. Some park their bikes everywhere. So how to park their bikes is a problem that Paris will face. But this project is still a helpful way to improve its traffic environment.1．Bicycle rental system can help Paris become a ______.A．fashion capitalB．sleepy cityC．green capital of bikesD．green capital of stations2．The machine at a bicycle rental system offers ______ language services.A．two B．three C．four D．five3．According to the passage, the problem that Paris will deal with is ______.A．how to encourage its people to ride bikesB．how to park their bikesC．how to improve its traffic environmentD．how to obey the traffic rules4．From the passage we can infer (推断) that the writer ______.A．thinks bicycle rental systems are greatB．thinks Paris is a bicycle capitalC．doesn’t agree with the idea of bicycleD．thinks bicycle rental systems are badB14、What a miracle! A low-cost Lost in Thailand 《泰囧》has got the best ticket sales. It is true that Lost in Thailand hasbecome the most popular Chinese film of all time.The ticket salesThe movie Lost in Thailand cost just 30 million yuan to make, but it has earned more than 1.2 billion yuan. It has got more ticket than Painted Skin: The Resurrection, the best-selling movie this summer in China.The story summaryLost in Thailand is a comedy. It is a story about three Chinese men who met on their trips to Thailand. The movie has a great plot. Xu Lang is a businessman. He hurried to Thailand to look for his boss because of his special purpose. His competitor, Gao Bo followed him to Thailand, too. Xu Lang met Wang Bao, a pancake maker on his way to Thailand, Three Chinese men had some funny andunexpectedexperiences in Thailand and the story made people high.The director and actorsThe director of the movie is Xu Zheng. He has been a popular actor for about ten years. He was famous for his role, the Evil Pig in a popular TV serious. Lost in Thailand is his first movie that was directed by Xu Zheng. Xu Zheng is a lead role in the movie. Huang Bo and Wang Baoqiang are China’s t op comedians and the both play the important roles in the movie.根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、c、D四个选项中，选择最佳答案。

2022年广东省广州市海珠区中考一模数学试题(解析版)

∵△ADO的面积为1，
∴ AD•OC=1，，
解得，
∴ ．
故选B．
考点：1．反比例函数系数k的几何意义；2．相似三角形的判定与性质．
10.若二次函数，当时，，则a的值是（）
A.1B. C. D.﹣1
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】由二次函数的顶点式可得函数的最大值，进而依题意可求得a的值．
【详解】解：∵
故选：A
【点睛】本题主要考查了求中位数，熟练掌握把这一组数据从小到大（或从大到小）排列后，位于正中间的一个数或两个数的平均数是中位数是解题的关键．
4.下列计算中，正确的是（）
A. B. C. D.
【答案】D
【析】
【分析】根据整式的运算法则判断即可；
【详解】解：，故A错误；
，故B错误；
，故C错误；
C、3是整数，是有理数，故选项错误，不符合题意；
D、是无理数，故选项正确，符合题意．
故选：D．
【点睛】此题主要考查了无理数的定义，注意带根号的要开不尽方才是无理数，无限不循环小数为无理数．
2.下列图形中，中心对称图形是（）
A. B. C. D.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】由中心对称图形的特征可直接判断各个选项图形得到答案．
8.某小区原有一块长为30米，宽为20米的矩形康乐健身区域，现计划在这一场地四周（场内）筑一条宽度相等的健走步道，其步道面积为214平方米，设这条步道的宽度为x米，可以列出方程是（）
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】设这条步道的宽度为x米，则健走步道内的健身区长为（30-2x）米，宽（20-2x）米，面积为米，根据矩形的面积公式结合题意中的面积，可列方程．

2023年广东省广州市海珠区中考数学一模试卷(含解析)

2023年广东省广州市海珠区中考数学一模试卷一、选择题（本大题共10小题，共30.0分。

在每小题列出的选项中，选出符合题目的一项）1. −12的相反数是( )A. −2B. 2C. 12D. −122. 《新华字典》是新中国最有影响力的现代汉语字典，《新华字典》自1950年开始启动编写和出版工作，至今已历经70余年，出版至第12版，从1953年版本收录单字6840个(含异体字)，到12版收录13000字，收字数增加了将近一倍，将“13000”用科学记数法表示为( )A. 0.13×104B. 1.3×106C. 1.3×104D. 13×1033. 下列运算正确的是( )A. 9=±3B. a6÷a2=a4C. |3.14−π|=0D. 2+3=54.如图，在矩形ABCD中，对角线AC，BD交于点O，已知∠BOC=120°，AB=3，则AC的长为( )A. 3B. 3C. 23D. 65.AD是Rt△ABC的角平分线，若AB=4，BD=3，则点D到AC距离为( )A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 66.如图，数轴上的点A可以用实数a表示，下面式子成立的是( )A. |a|>1B. |a−1|=a−1C. a+1>0D. −1a<17. 某校为了了解本校学生课外阅读的情况，现随机抽取了部分学生，对他们一周的课外阅读时间进行了调查，并绘制出如图统计图，根据相关信息，下列有关课外阅读时间(单位：小时)的选项中，错误的是( )A. 本次抽取共调查了40个学生B. 中位数是6小时C. 众数是5小时D. 平均数是5.825小时8. 若点A(−1,y1)，B(2,y2)，C(3,y3)在反比例函数的图象y=4x上，则y1、y2、y3的大小关系是( )A. y1>y2>y3B. y3>y2>y1C. y1>y3>y2D. y2>y3>y19. 《九章算术》中有一道题的条件是：“今有大器五小器一容三斛，大器一小器五容二斛.”大致意思是：有大小两种盛米的桶，5大桶加1小桶共盛3斛米，1大桶加5小桶共盛2斛米，依据该条件，求1个大桶和1个小桶分别可以盛多少斛米？设1个大桶盛x斛米，1个小桶盛y斛米.可列方程组( )A. {5x+y=3x+5y=2 B. {x+5y=35x+y=2 C.{5x+3y=1x+2y=5 D.{3x+y=52x+5y=110. 已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+c，y与自变量x之间的部分对应值如表所示.下列结论：①abc>0；当②−2<x<1时，y>0；③4a+2b+c>0；④关于x的一元二次方程ax2+bx +c+3=0(a≠0)的解是x1=−3，x2=1.其中正确的有( )x…−3−2−10…y…−3010…A. 1个B. 2个C. 3个D. 4个二、填空题（本大题共6小题，共18.0分）11. 分解因式3x−6=______ ．12.已知：如图，点D在边AB上，若∠1=∠______ 时，则△ADC∽△ACB．13.如图，把一个直角三角尺的直角顶点放在直尺的一边上，若∠1=38°，则∠2=______ ．14. 若关于x的一元二次方程(a−1)x2−ax+a2=0的一个根为1.则a=______ ．15. 若直线y=2x和y=kx−2相交于点Q(−3,m)，则关于x的不等式(2−k)x<−2的解集是______ ．16. 如图，点D为等边三角形ABC边BC上一动点，AB=4，连接AD，以AD为边作正方形ADEF，连接CE、CF，则当BD=______ 时，△CEF的面积为最小值______ ．三、解答题（本大题共9小题，共72.0分。

珠海市一模语文试卷及答案(含答案)

珠海市一模语文试卷及答案（含答案）下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copy excerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!专业课原理概述部分一、选择题1. 下列哪个作品是鲁迅的短篇小说集？（）A. 《呐喊》B. 《彷徨》C. 《故事新编》D. 《朝花夕拾》2. 下列哪个不属于“唐宋八大家”？（）A. 韩愈B. 柳宗元C. 苏轼D. 曾巩3. 《红楼梦》的作者是谁？（）A. 曹雪芹B. 高鹗C. 施耐庵D. 罗贯中4. 下列哪个不属于“元曲四大家”？（）A. 关汉卿B. 马致远C. 白朴D. 王实甫5. 下列哪个不是唐代诗人杜甫的诗作？（）A. 《春望》B. 《登高》C. 《茅屋为秋风所破歌》D. 《江畔独步寻花》二、判断题1. 《西游记》的作者是吴承恩。

海珠区一模物理试卷高三

海珠区一模物理试卷高三一、选择题（本题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题意。

）1. 以下关于力的描述，不正确的是：A. 力是物体对物体的作用B. 力是物体运动的原因C. 力是物体运动状态改变的原因D. 力的大小与物体的质量成正比2. 根据牛顿第二定律，物体的加速度与作用力成正比，与物体的质量成反比。

以下说法正确的是：A. 质量越大的物体，加速度越小B. 作用力越大，加速度越大C. 作用力和加速度无关D. 质量越大的物体，加速度越大3. 以下关于电场的描述，正确的是：A. 电场是一种物质B. 电场是电荷周围存在的特殊物质C. 电场是电荷运动产生的D. 电场只存在于带电体内部4. 根据欧姆定律，电阻R等于电压U除以电流I。

以下说法正确的是：A. 电压越大，电流越小B. 电流越大，电阻越大C. 电压与电流成正比D. 电阻与电流成正比5. 以下关于电磁波的描述，不正确的是：A. 电磁波可以在真空中传播B. 电磁波的传播速度是光速C. 电磁波是由变化的电场和磁场相互作用产生的D. 电磁波的传播速度与介质无关6. 以下关于能量守恒定律的描述，不正确的是：A. 能量既不会凭空产生，也不会凭空消失B. 能量可以从一种形式转化为另一种形式C. 能量的总量在转化过程中是不变的D. 能量的总量在转化过程中是减少的7. 以下关于光的折射现象的描述，正确的是：A. 光从空气射入水中时，折射角大于入射角B. 光从水中射入空气中时，折射角小于入射角C. 光从空气射入水中时，折射角等于入射角D. 光从水中射入空气中时，折射角大于入射角8. 以下关于原子核的描述，不正确的是：A. 原子核由质子和中子组成B. 原子核带正电C. 原子核的质量几乎等于整个原子的质量D. 原子核的大小远大于电子云9. 以下关于热力学第一定律的描述，不正确的是：A. 热力学第一定律是能量守恒定律在热力学过程中的表现B. 热力学第一定律表明，能量可以无限制地转换为功C. 热力学第一定律表明，能量的转换和传递必须满足能量守恒D. 热力学第一定律表明，热能可以完全转化为机械能10. 以下关于相对论的描述，正确的是：A. 相对论是描述宏观物体运动的理论B. 相对论认为时间和空间是绝对的C. 相对论认为光速在任何惯性参考系中都是相同的D. 相对论认为质量与速度无关二、填空题（本题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分。

2020年广东省广州市海珠区中考一模语文试卷(解析)

2020年广东广州海珠区中考一模语文试卷解析参考答案与试题解析一、基础知识及运用（6小题，20分）1．（3分）下列加点字的读音全都不相同的一项是（）A．闷．热/烦闷．高涨．/头昏脑涨．B．重创．/创．伤新鲜．/鲜．为人知C．中．肯/中．标仆．人/前仆．后继D．牵强．/强．迫弄．堂/弄．假成真【考点】多音字．【分析】本题考查学生对字音的掌握。

解答此题的关键是把握课文中的字词，踏踏实实地读、写，把握不准的要养成查字典的好习惯。

【解答】A.mēn/mèn，zhǎng/zhàng；B.chuāng/chuāng，xiān/xiǎn；C.zhòng/zhòng，pú/pū；D.qiǎng/qiǎng，lòng/nòng.故选：A。

2．（3分）下列词语书写完全正确的一项是（）A．八面玲珑重蹈覆辙张惶失猎万恶不赦B．趋之若骛沧海桑田振聋发聩融会贯通C．恃才放旷顶礼膜拜锐不可挡走头无路D．获益匪浅色彩斑斓硝烟弥漫跌宕起伏【考点】常见易错字．【分析】本题考查基础字词的字形。

解答此类题型时，一方面要注意在平时打好字词基础，另一方面在答题时要认真审题，仔细辨析。

【解答】A.有误，“张惶失猎”的正确写法是“张皇失措”。

B.有误，“趋之若骛”的正确写法是“趋之若鹜”。

C.有误，“锐不可挡”的正确写法是“锐不可当”，“走头无路”的正确写法是“走投无路”。

D.正确。

故选：D。

3．（3分）下列句子加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（）A．李明在书摊中意外发现一本渴望已久的《简•爱》，真是妙手偶得．．．．啊！B．广州拥有很多历史价值颇高的建筑群，这些新老建筑和谐衬托，相得益彰．．．．，令广州魅力无穷。

C．白云山，位于广州市白云区，为南粤名山之一，自古有“羊城第一秀”之称。

山体相当宽阔，由30多座山组成，层峦叠翠，真可谓巧夺天工．．．．。

D．四百米接力最后一棒，我与李勇摩肩接踵．．．．，顺利完成接棒，最终获得冠军。