Good Management听写原文
unit2职场英语textA原文及翻译
Unit 2 Company Structure
Text A Board of Directors, Chairman and CEO
Alargebusiness unit than an individual proprietorshibe a corporation.Who makes corporate decisions?
·Have overall responsibility for the company whichinvolvesengineering and controlling the company’s current growth in and future expansion into international markets.
The legal responsibilities of boards and board members vary withthenature of the organization, and with the jurisdiction withinwhich it operates.For public corporations, these responsibilities are typically much more rigorous and complex than for those ofothertypes.
20篇听写练习听力原文
Passage 1Midlife CrisisUnhappiness in middle age, also known as midlife crisis, is a universal experience. People around the world seem to share an emotional design in life. That design is shaped like the letter U. Levels of happiness are the highest when people are young and when they are old. In the middle, however, most people’s happiness and life satisfaction levels drop. Some people suffer from midlife depression more than others. But it happens to men and women, to single and married people, to the rich and poor and to those with and without children. Generally speaking, people reach their lowest levels between the ages of about forty and fifty-five. But then, as they continue into old age, their happiness starts to climb back up. Why does all this happen? One possibility is that people recognize their limitations in middle age and give up some of their long-held dreams. Passage 2Good CompanionA good companion is better than a fortune, for a fortune cannot purchase those elements of character, which make companionship a blessing. The best companion is one who is wiser and better than ourselves. Greater wisdom and goodness than we possess lifts us higher mentally and morally. It’s true that we cannot always choose all of our companions. Some are thrust upon us. But the experience is not altogether without compensation. Companion is education, good or bad; it develops manhood or womanhood, high or low; it lifts the soul upward or drags it downward; it ministers to virtue or vice. There is no half way work about its influence. It saves or destroys lustily. Nothing in the world is surer than this. Sow virtue, and harvest will be virtue. Sow vice, and the harvest will be vice. Good companions help us to sow virtue; evil companions help us to sow vice.Passage 3Global Text ProjectBooks are a high cost of higher education. But the Global Text Project hopes to create a free library of one thousand electronic textbooks for students in developing countries. The aim is to offer subjects that students may take in their first few years at a university. The books could be printed or read on a computer or copied onto a CD or DVD. The Global Text Project is a new technology, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit on the Internet. But only one or two people will be able to make the final edits in texts. The project includes a committee of scholars, mostly from developing countries, to advice on required textbooks and their content. The group’s first book on information systems is being tested in Indonesia. Project organizers also want to offer textbooks in Arabic, Chinese and Spanish. They are working with a translation company in the United States.Passage 4HemingwayAmerican writer, Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He started his career as a writer in a newspaper office at the age of seventeen. During the 1920s, Hemingway became a member of the group Americans living in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises. Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms, the study of an American ambulance officer’sdisillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experience as a reporter during the Civil War in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls. Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel The Old Man and The Sea, the story of an old fisherman’s journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat. Now Hemingway is the classic symbol of bravery, or strong man. Passage 5Self-ConceptThe self-concept is a complex structure. This complexity is illustrated by the idea of multiple selves. We seem to be a different person in each of many different situations. An example may clarify this concept. First, picture yourself at an athletic event. Now, contrast this image with one of yourselves taking a final exam. Finally, imagine yourself at work on a very busy day. You should probably describe yourself differently in each setting. Which image is really you? Of course, all are. We have multiple selves, each dependent on a context. Together they form our self-concept. It is the context that makes certain aspects of our self-concept more important at a particular moment. Self-concept is composed of our beliefs, values, and attitudes. Our beliefs give our self-concepts their substance, our values give them aspirations and standards, and our attitudes give them motivation. These three elements provide a structure in which we develop and build ourselves.Passage 6Family Life in IndiaFamily life is equally varied in Indian states. India is a country with many states in which people are from different cultures, and so on. The languages, clothing, customs, and traditions of people are influenced by the respective regions they live in. Most of the families in India are extended ones, in which every member has his or her own role, often influenced by age and gender. Children are cherished and considered as gifts from God. Children can look forward to continual family support throughout their lives. However, they are expected to respect their elders and parents, their wishes and family relationships. The family structure in India is typical, in which there are many wedding customs, which have to be strongly followed by people. Religion, social status, traditional practices, and regional differences influence family structures. Indians are more emotionally attached to the members of their family. Husbands and wives are not allowed to openly display their affection for one another.Passage 7Causes of Forest FiresForest fires are one of the greatest natural destroyers of our forests. It has been found that about 90% of forest fires are due to human factors. The most common cause for the forest fires is the carelessness of people. Smokers may start a forest fire by carelessly dropping lighted matches and cigarettes in a forest. Tourists sometimes throw the lighted items in the bushes around or on the ground which cause fire. There are also some natural causes of forest fires. Forest fires canoccur due to lightning which burns the trees. Earthquake is also responsible for the forest fires, while other reason for fire is volcanoes and drought. High temperature and low humidity provides favorable conditions to the fire and hence it can start in forests. Since forest fires destroy valuable trees and even kill people, we need to learn the causes and to know how to prevent them. Passage 8Choosing the Perfect Hair ColorColoring your hair is one way to express your individuality. Choosing the right hair color can be confusing whether you want to cover gray hair or give yourself a new fresh look. If you are clear about what you want exactly, it can help while choosing the hair color that is right for you. You can achieve the most flattering look, if you consider your skin makeup and eye color. Hair color that balances your complexion gives the best results. For covering gray hair, you can select a shade close to your natural hair color. Hair highlights are another way to improve your overall look. Highlights can look fascinating and make an attractive impression. They add depth and dimension to the base color or natural hair. Different hair colors suit different complexions. In order to choose a suitable hair color, you need to identify the right combination.Passage 9E-educationE-education, which stands for electronic education, has at least four advantages. First, with access to the Internet, students can overcome barriers of space and time. For example, we can make educational resources in Washington available to students in Tokyo. The second is the easy access. For example, we can put multimedia resources libraries on the Internet and students can have access to these libraries just by clicking the mouse. The third is the optimization of resources. For example, we can tape the lectures given by very prominent professors and broadcast them live through the Internet. Because of these three advantages, there is another big advantage, that is, the Internet technology makes mass education possible. As you know, it is simply impossible for the whole population to receive education on campuses. And this is where the greatest advantage of E-education lies. It offers mass education and education for lifetime.Passage 10CosmeticsCosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or odor of the human body. A subset of cosmetics is called makeup, which refers primarily to colored products intended to alter the user’s appearance. Cosmetic use was frowned upon at many points in Western history, especially during the 19th century when social etiquette was rigid. During the 20th century, however, the popularity of cosmetics increased rapidly. Cosmetics are now in widespread use by women in nearly all industrial societies around the world. In the United States, cosmetics are used by girls at an increasingly young age. The social consequences of younger and younger beautification have had much attention in the media over the last few years. The cosmetic industry is a profitable business for most manufacturers of cosmetic products. Given the technological development and the improvement of the manufacturing process, and not least due to the constantly increasing demand of such products, this industry reported an important growth in terms of profit.Passage 11Spy Cell PhonesA spy phone is a mobile phone or a spy device that allows a user to monitor and hear or record conversations and other activities taking place over the phone. Spy phones can function in different ways. They can be used as listening devices whereby secretive conversations can be tracked. They are popularly used by secret agencies to track criminal activities that are carried out over networks. They can be used for tracking periodic calls and recording the frequency of calls from certain suspicious numbers. Also, they can be used for monitoring business and household activities while the cell phone user is away. Although spy cell phones have many positive sides, they give rise to legal as well as moral concerns, because spy cell phone software is easily available. Cell phones are easily transferable to spy phones. Their ready availability makes them subject to illegal use.Passage 12A Popular Pastime of the English PeopleOne of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what they do with their non-working time. Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer or autumn are likely to see gardens all the way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes and sometimes baskets of flowers are hanging on them. But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other's gardens is a popular pastime with the English.Passage 13Health Benefits of Red wineWe all know drinks containing alcohol are not good for health, but when it comes to drinking red wine, it is the other way around. Recent studies have concluded that there are no negative effects on the body, if red wine is not consumed excessively. Certain compounds in red wine can play a very important role in protecting the heart. It is a heart-healthy drink that can be enjoyed during evening meals. If you think that red wine is only good for the heart, then you are wrong. Studies have revealed that the substance found in the skin of red grapes can restrict cancer’s development. However, the ideal consumption is not 7 to 8 glasses of red wine. Scientific studies on the potential benefits of red wine recommend that women should not have more than one drink per day; whereas men can have two drinks per day. The word “moderate” is the key to maximize health benefits of red wine.Passage 14SleepWhy is it so difficult to fall asleep when you are overtired? There is no one answer that applies to every individual. It is possible to feel “tired” physically and still be unable to fall asleep, because while your body is exhausted, you do not feel sleepy. It is not so easy to simply “turn off”. Lack of sleep complicates matters even more. Experts say adults need at least seven to eight hoursof sleep a night to function properly. When you get less sleep than that on consecutive three nights, you begin to owe four “sleep debt”. As sleep debt increases your body experiences a stress response. Now a vicious cycle has been created: You experience the feeling of being more and more tired, but your body is increasingly stimulated. “Power sleeping” for more hours on weekends is only a temporary solution. There is no substitute forgetting a good night's sleep on a regular basis.Passage 15Holidays in the USLike other nations, the United States sets aside a number of days each year to commemorate events, people or public occasions. These holidays typically are marked by a general suspension of work and business activity, and by public or religious ceremonies. Technically, the United States does not celebrate national holidays. However, Congress has designated 10 legal public holidays. During such public holidays, most federal institutions are closed and most federal employees are excused from work. Although the individual states and private businesses are not required to observe these, in practice all states and nearly all employers observe the majority of them. Since 1971, a number of these holidays have been fixed on Mondays rather than on a particular calendar date so as to afford workers a long holiday weekend. Meanwhile, there are some US state holidays particular to individual US states.Passage 16Celebrity WorshipersAre you a celebrity worshiper? If so, that might say something about the kind of person you are. Psychologists have found that people who believe in a just world are more likely to worship celebrities. Whereas people more critical of society are less likely to obsess over a celebrity. People who strongly believe in a just world believe that life is fair, that good things happen to good people and bad things to bad people. People who believe in a just world are expressing acceptance of society and its institutions. Since the celebrity system is one of these institutions, researchers suggest that it makes sense that those believing in a just world would be satisfied with how celebrities are made and thus more likely to admire and even obsess over them. Vice versa, people who do not believe in a fair world might resist worshipping celebrities, and in fact question or criticize the system that produces them and decides who gets to be a celebrity.Passage 17Organic CoffeeToday many agricultural products are grown using organic methods and coffee is no exception. Organic products have a very minimal effect on the environment because there is no use of pesticides and fertilizers. All organic produces are certified to ensure that their products are grown in such a way. Organic coffee is a multimillion dollar industry and each year the sales of this coffee are increasing. Exports of organic coffee are up in most of Europe and North America. Organic coffee is usually grown in many countries such as Africa, Asia and South America. All over the world people have become organic coffee drinkers, but Americans consume the majority of it. All organic coffee products in the USA are certified for quality. The organic coffee is produced in a very specific way and all operators are at random inspected to ensure that they meetUS Department of Agriculture standards.Passage 18Red WolvesRed wolves present a characteristic red colored fur which is more obvious behind the ears and in the neck and legs. Other than these parts, the fur color of red wolves is brown with black shading in the back and tail. Their big ears help them overcome hot and humid climatic conditions. The average size of red wolves is 4 feet in length, 20 inches tall and weight about 45 to 80 pounds. Generally, red wolves attain sexual maturity at the age of 22 months; however, there are some species that attain within 10 months. The breeding season of red wolves is during February and March and their pregnancy period is about 2 months. Females give birth to about 1 to 10 children one time around March to April. The newly borns usually stay with their parents about two years, after which, they spread around the wild. The lifespan of red wolves is around 7 or 8 years in the wild and about 15 years in captivity.Passage 19Vertical FarmsBy the year 2050, nearly 80% of the earth's population will have resided in urban centers. An estimated 109 hectares of new land will be needed to grow enough food to feed them, if traditional farming practices continue as they are practiced today. So, an entirely new approach to farming must be invented, employing cutting edge technologies. The concept of indoor farming is not new. What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate a fast growing number of people. Vertical farming was thus invented. Rice on the seventh floor, wheat on the twelfth, and enough food within an eighteen-story tower to feed a small city of 50,000.Vertical farms must be cheap to construct and safe to operate. If successfully implemented, they will offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply, and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.Passage 20The NecktieThe necktie or tie is a long piece of cloth worn for decorative purposes around the neck or shoulders, resting under the shirt collar and knotted at the throat. The necktie is one of the few fashion accessories to have survived nearly 400 years of social change. Neck decorations have been worn since ancient times to signify title or wealth. Modern decorative neckwear dates from the 17th century in France. The Industrial Revolution helped spread the style to the masses, as millions of workers migrated from farmlands to factories and the business class was born. By the 1950s, it was said that a man wasn’t fully dressed until he had put on his tie. The tie had later come to symbolize individuality as much as conformity. Neckties are available in varied size. Men and boys wear neckties as part of regular office dress or formal wear. Neckties can also be worn as part of a uniform.。
What makes a good manager
What makes a good manager? Here are ten tipsOctober 8, 1997By Bill GatesRecently I wrote about 10 qualities of a good employee, which prompted quite a few people to ask about the attributes of a good manager.There isn’t a magic formula for good mana gement, of course, but if you’re a manager, perhaps these tips will help you be more effective. 1. Choose a field thoughtfully. Make it one you enjoy. It’s hard to be productive without genuine enthusiasm. This is true whether you’re a manager or employee.2. Hire carefully and be willing to fire. You need a strong team, becausea mediocre team gives mediocre results, no matter how well managed it is.One common mistake is holding onto somebody who doesn’t quite measure up. It’s easy to keep this person on the job because he’s not terrible at what he does. But a good manager will replace him or move him to a set of responsibilities where he can succeed unambiguously. 3. Create a productive environment. This is a particular challenge because it requires different approaches depending on the context.Sometimes you maximize productivity by giving everybody his or her own office. Sometimes you achieve it by moving everybody into open space. Sometimes you use financial incentives to stimulate productivity.A combination of approaches is usually required.One element that almost always increases productivity is providing an information system that empowers employees.When I was building Microsoft, I set out to create an environment where software developers could thrive. I wanted a company where engineers liked to work. I wanted to create a culture that encouraged them to work together, share ideas and remain highly motivated. If I hadn’t been a software engineer myself, there’s no way I could have achieved my goal. As the company grew, we developed supportive cultures in our international operations and in sales and marketing, too.4. Define success. Make it clear to your employees what constitutes success and how they should measure their achievements.Goals must be realistic. Project schedules, for example, must be set by the people who do the work. People will accept a "bottoms-up" deadline they helped set, but they’ll be cynical about a schedule imposed from the top that doesn’t map to reality. Unachievab le goals undermine an organization.At my company, in addition to regular team meetings and one-on-one sessions between managers and employees, we use mass gatherings periodically and e-mail routinely to communicate what we expect from employees.If a re viewer or customer chooses another company’s product over ours, we analyze the situation carefully. We say to our people, "The next time around we’ve got to win. What will it take? What’s needed?" The answers to these questions help us define success.5. To be a good manager, you have to like people and be good at communicating. This is hard to fake. If you don’t genuinely enjoy interacting with people, it’ll be hard to manage them well.You must have a wide range of personal contacts within your organization. You need relationships--not necessarily personal friendships--with a fair number of people, including your own employees. You must encourage these people to tell you what’s going on (good or bad) and give you feedback about what people are thinking about the company and your role in it.6. Develop your people to do their jobs better than you can. Transfer your skills to them.This is an exciting goal, but it can be threatening to a manager who worries that he’s training his replacement. If you’re co ncerned, ask yourboss: "If I develop somebody who can do my job super well, does the company have some other challenge for me or not?"Many smart managers like to see their employees increase their responsibilities because it frees the managers to tackle new or undone tasks. There’s no shortage of jobs for good managers. The world has an infinite amount of work to be done.7. Build morale. Make it clear there’s plenty of good will to go around and that it’s not just you as some hotshot manager who’s goin g to look good if things go well.Give people a sense of the importance of what they’re working on--its importance to the company, its importance to customers.When you achieve great results, everybody involved should share in the credit and feel good about it.8. Take on projects yourself. You need to do more than communicate. The last thing people want is a boss who just doles out stuff. From time to time, prove you can be hands-on by taking on one of the less attractive tasks and using it as an example of how your employees should meet challenges.9. Don’t make the same decision twice. Spend the time and thought to make a solid decision the first time so that you don’t revisit the issue unnecessarily. If you’re too willing to reopen issues, it interfe res notonly with your execution but also with your motivation to make a decision in the first place. After all, why bother deciding an issue if it isn’t really decided?People hate indecisive leadership, so you have to make choices. However, that doesn’t mean you have to decide everything the moment it comes to your attention. Nor that you can’t ever reconsider a decision.10. Let people know whom to please. Maybe it’s you, maybe it’s your boss, and maybe it’s somebody who works for you. You’re introuble--and risking paralysis in your organization--when employees start saying to themselves: "Am I supposed to be making this person happy or this other person happy? They seem to have different priorities."I don’t pretend that these are the only 10 approac hes a manager should keep in mind, or even that they’re the most important ones. There are lots of others. Just a month ago, for example, I encouraged leaders to demand bad news before good news from their employees.But these 10 ideas may help you manage well, and I hope they do.。
怎样才能做一个合格的管理人员英语作文
怎样才能做一个合格的管理人员英语作文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1How to be a qualified managerHey guys! Do you know what it takes to be a good manager? Well, I'm here to tell you all about it!First of all, a good manager needs to have good communication skills. That means being able to talk to your team members, listen to their ideas, and give clear instructions. You also need to be able to write emails and reports in a professional way.Next, a good manager needs to be organized. That means keeping track of deadlines, schedules, and goals. You need to be able to plan ahead and make sure everything runs smoothly.Another important quality for a manager is leadership. That means being able to motivate and inspire your team. You need to be able to set a good example and show your team how to work together towards a common goal.And last but not least, a good manager needs to be able to problem-solve. That means being able to think quickly and come up with solutions to any issues that arise. You need to be able to stay calm under pressure and make smart decisions.So there you have it, guys! If you want to be a good manager, remember to work on your communication, organization, leadership, and problem-solving skills. With hard work and determination, you can be the best manager ever!篇2How to Be a Good ManagerHey guys! Today, I want to talk about how to be a good manager. Being a manager is a big responsibility, and it's super important to do a good job. Here are some tips to help you be the best manager you can be!First of all, communication is key. You have to be able to talk to your team and listen to their ideas and concerns. Make sure everyone knows what they need to do and how to do it. Don't be afraid to give feedback, but remember to be kind and encouraging.Secondly, be organized. Keep track of deadlines and important information. Make sure your team has everything they need to do their job well. Being organized will help you stay on top of things and be a more effective manager.Next, be a leader. Show your team that you're confident and capable. Lead by example and be someone that your team can look up to. Be positive and enthusiastic, and your team will be too!Lastly, don't forget to have fun! Being a manager doesn't mean you can't have a good time. Celebrate successes, plan team outings, and make work a happy place to be.So there you have it, some tips on how to be a good manager. Remember, being a manager is all about leading and supporting your team. If you can do that, you'll be a great manager in no time. Good luck!篇3How to Be a Good ManagerHey guys, have you ever thought about what it takes to be a good manager? Well, being a good manager is not an easy job,but if you follow these tips I'm about to share with you, you can become a great one!First of all, communication is key! As a manager, you need to be able to communicate clearly and effectively with your team. This means listening to their ideas and concerns, and providing feedback in a constructive way. Make sure to keep an open line of communication with your team so that everyone feels heard and valued.Secondly, being organized is super important. You need to be able to prioritize tasks, set goals, and manage your time effectively. By staying organized, you can keep track of your team's progress and make sure that everyone is on the same page.Another important quality of a good manager is being able to lead by example. This means demonstrating professionalism, integrity, and a positive attitude at all times. Your team will look up to you as a role model, so make sure to set a good example for them to follow.Lastly, don't forget to show appreciation for your team members. A simple thank you or a pat on the back can go a long way in motivating your team and fostering a positive work environment.So there you have it, guys! By following these tips, you can become a successful and respected manager in no time. Good luck!篇4Being a good manager is super important, and there are a few tricks to help you become one! First of all, you gotta communicate with your team. Tell them what needs to be done and listen to their ideas too. Being a good listener is key!Next, you gotta be organized. Keep track of deadlines and make sure everything is running smoothly. If there are any problems, address them right away. Don't wait until it's too late!Another important thing is to be a team player. Don't just boss people around, work with them. Help out when needed and show your team that you're there to support them.Oh, and don't forget to be a problem solver. When challenges come up, don't freak out. Take a deep breath and figure out a solution. It might not be easy, but you can do it!And lastly, be a great leader. Show your team that you're confident and capable. Lead by example and motivate them to do their best work.If you follow these tips, you'll be well on your way to becoming a top-notch manager. Good luck!篇5How to be a Good ManagerHi guys, today I want to talk about how to be a good manager. Being a manager is not easy, but if you follow these tips, you can become a great one!First of all, a good manager needs to be a good communicator. You have to be able to talk to your team members and listen to them. If you don't communicate well, your team won't know what to do and things will get messy.Secondly, a good manager needs to be organized. You have to be able to keep track of all the tasks and deadlines. Make a schedule and stick to it. This will help you stay on top of things and make sure everything gets done on time.Another important thing is to be a good leader. A good manager should lead by example and inspire their team to do their best. Be positive and encouraging, and your team will follow your lead.Lastly, a good manager needs to be open to feedback. Listen to what your team has to say and be willing to make changes if necessary. This will help you improve and become an even better manager.So, if you want to be a good manager, remember to communicate, stay organized, be a good leader, and be open to feedback. Follow these tips and you'll be on your way to success!篇6How to Be a Good ManagerHey guys, do you want to know how to be a good manager? Well, being a manager is not as easy as it seems, but if you follow these tips, you can definitely become a great one!First of all, you need to be a good communicator. This means you should be able to listen to your team members and clearly express your ideas and instructions. If you can communicate well, everyone will know what they need to do and there will be fewer misunderstandings.Secondly, you should be organized. As a manager, you will have a lot of tasks to juggle, so it's important to keep everything in order. Make lists, set deadlines, and prioritize your work. Thisway, you can stay on top of things and make sure everything gets done on time.Next, you need to be a good leader. This means you should be able to inspire and motivate your team. Encourage them to do their best, praise them when they do well, and provide guidance when they need help. A good leader can bring out the best in their team members and help them achieve their goals.Lastly, you should be able to make tough decisions. Being a manager means you will have to make choices that are not always easy. You need to be able to weigh the pros and cons, consider different perspectives, and make decisions that are best for the team and the company.So there you have it, guys! If you can communicate well, stay organized, be a good leader, and make tough decisions, you can definitely be a great manager. Good luck!篇7How to Be a Good ManagerHi everyone! Today I want to talk about how to be a good manager. Being a manager is a big responsibility, but don't worry, I'll give you some tips on how to do it well.First of all, a good manager needs to be a good listener. You need to listen to your employees and understand their problems and suggestions. This will help you make better decisions and build a strong team.Secondly, a good manager needs to be organized. You should have a plan for your team and make sure everyone knows their responsibilities. This will help you keep things running smoothly and avoid any confusion.Another important thing for a good manager is to be fair. You should treat all your employees equally and make sure everyone has the same opportunities. This will help you build trust with your team and create a positive work environment.Lastly, a good manager needs to be a good communicator. You should be able to clearly communicate your expectations and provide feedback to your employees. This will help them understand their roles and improve their performance.In conclusion, being a good manager is all about listening, organizing, being fair, and communicating. If you follow these tips, you'll be on your way to becoming a great manager. Good luck!篇8How to Be a Good ManagerHey guys! Today I want to talk about how to be a good manager. Being a manager is a big responsibility, but if you follow these tips, you can be a great one!First of all, it's important to be a good listener. You need to listen to your team members and understand their ideas and concerns. This will help you build trust with them and make them feel valued.Secondly, you need to be approachable. Your team members should feel comfortable coming to you with any problems or questions they have. Be open and friendly, and always be willing to help them out.Another important thing is to be organized. As a manager, you will have a lot of responsibilities and tasks to juggle. Make sure you stay on top of things and prioritize your workload.Communication is key! Make sure you clearly communicate expectations to your team members and provide feedback on their performance. Keep them in the loop about any changes or updates within the team.Lastly, be a team player. A good manager works alongside their team and supports them in achieving their goals. Showthem that you are there to help and guide them, rather than just bossing them around.So there you have it, guys! Follow these tips and you'll be on your way to becoming a fantastic manager. Good luck!篇9How to be a Good ManagerHey everyone! Today I want to talk about how to be a good manager. Being a manager is not easy, but if you work hard and follow these tips, you can be a great one!First of all, a good manager needs to be a good listener. That means you need to listen to your team members and understand their ideas and concerns. You should also be open to feedback and be willing to make changes based on what you hear.Next, a good manager needs to be a good communicator. You need to be able to clearly explain tasks and expectations to your team. You should also be able to give constructive feedback and praise when it is deserved.Another important trait of a good manager is being organized. You need to be able to plan and prioritize tasks, as well as keep track of deadlines and important information. Beingorganized will help you stay on top of things and make sure everything runs smoothly.Finally, a good manager needs to be a team player. You should be able to work well with others and support your team members. You should also be able to motivate and inspire your team to do their best work.By following these tips, you can become a great manager and lead your team to success. Remember, being a good manager takes hard work and dedication, but with the right attitude and skills, you can do it!That's all for today, thanks for listening!篇10How to Be a Good ManagerHey guys, do you want to know how to be a great manager? Well, being a manager is not easy, but with some tips and tricks, you can become a super awesome manager! Here are some tips on how to be a good manager:First of all, communication is key! You have to be able to communicate clearly with your team. Make sure everyone knows what they are supposed to do and that they understand thegoals of the team. Don't be afraid to ask your team for feedback and be open to their ideas.Secondly, be a leader, not a boss. A good manager leads by example and inspires their team to do their best work. Be supportive and encourage your team members to take on new challenges and grow in their roles.Thirdly, be organized and plan ahead. A good manager knows how to prioritize tasks and set deadlines. Make sure you have a clear plan in place and that everyone on your team knows what is expected of them.Lastly, be a problem solver. As a manager, you will inevitably face challenges and conflicts. Instead of avoiding them, face them head-on and come up with solutions. Your team will respect you more if you can handle tough situations with grace and confidence.So remember, communication, leadership, organization, and problem-solving are the keys to being a great manager. If you follow these tips, you will be well on your way to becoming a super awesome manager! Good luck!。
《管理学英语》参考译文Unit 2
Unite 2. Significance of Management管理的重要性Read the following questions first, which will help you understand the text below better, and then answer the questions after reading the text carefully.先看看下面的问题，这些问题将有助于你更好地理解后面的课文，仔细地读完课文后再回答这些问题。
1. How do you understand the sentence "This interdependence, and the prominent role of organizations in our lives, highlights the importance of management."?你怎么理解这句话：组织的杰出作用和组织之间的相互依赖性突出了管理的重要性。
2. Why do you think management is important for an organization? Please describe the reason in great detail.为什么你认为管理对一个组织是重要的？请详细地描述一下原因。
3. What is the essence of management theory in your viewpoint?你的观点中，管理理论的本质是什么？Simply speaking, management is what managers do. But in order to understand the definition of management, that statement seems too simple. To our great surprise, the variety of approaches to management analysis, the amount of research, and the great number of differing views have resulted in much confusion as to what management is, what management theory and science is, and how managerial events should be analyzed. As a matter of fact, Harold Koontz many years ago called this situation "the management jungle". Though new approaches have developed and older approaches have taken on some new meanings with some new words attached, the developments of management science and theory still have the characteristics of a jungle. Thus in this passage we want to discuss Importance of Management, Definition of Management, and Major functions of Management respectively.简单地说，管理就是管理者所做的事情。
国家开放大学电大《管理英语3》网络核心课标准题库及答案
a.success
b.ambiti on
c.opport unity
题目7
My friend in vited methe art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.
选择一项：
a.joi ning
b.to join
c.join
题目8
A bus driverthe safety of his passe ngers.
b.It was a long time.
c.No. Only a couple of days.
题目6
He will write to me as soon as hehome.
选择一项：
a.will return
b.will have retur ned
c.returns
题目7
The programme gives stude nts theto lear n more about global warmi ng.
题目3
—Could I help you with your heavy box? You are so tired
—I can man age it.
选择一项：
a.No. tha nks.
b.Yes, please.
c.All right.
题目4—In what form will you take the investment?
题目1
—We have three major divisions: Operations. Sales and Marketing. Finance and Administration.
智学商务英语视听说教程4 Unit 1 Management
智学商务英语
Unit 1
Management
Unit 1
Management
Learning Objectives
After completing this unit, you should be able to: ·learn useful phrases about management; ·know the definition and the functions of management; ·know how to be a good manager.
inaccordancewith按照 oardofdirectors董事会 managingdirector常务董事 chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)首席执行官 chiefoperatingofficer(COO)首席运营官 chiefinformationofficer(CIO)首席信息 官chieffinancialofficer(CFO)首席财务官 generalmanager总经理 branchmanager分公司经理
departmentmanager部门经理 first-linemanager生产组基层管理人员
Part Ⅱ
Subtopic 1 —What is management? 听力原文
As an intern of a management consulting agency, Anna is confused and she is asking her manager, Bill, for help. Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the statements 1~5 are true(T) or false(F), and then answer the questions 6~10.
商务英语原文--10 Management Tips for Managing Difficult People
6. Provide specific examples of the behavior or quality of work you want. Put it in writing for accountability. When managing difficult people, it's imperative that as their manager or supervisor, you're making their goals and objectives clear. For example, if they're doing clerical work, they are to, "Correct and proofread all required reports for the quality control department." Or if they're in customer service, and example of a measurable, quantifiable, specific goal would be that they are to, "Respond to all customer complaints within 48 hours of receiving them." If they're in manufacturing, they are to, "Produce 35% more wingbats by December 15 of this year. " You get the idea.
7. Be aware of how you present yourself. When managing difficult people, remember, you are their role model. Be aware of your eye contact. Typically look at the person for two to five seconds. You don't want to stare at them bug eyed! But you also don't want to avoid looking at them because you'll come across as too passive, too wishy-washy. They'll sense you're fearful of confrontation.
success听写专四原文
success听写专四原文一、试题：PART ⅠDICTATION[10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third reading, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.Youwill then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART ⅡLISTENING COMPERHESION[20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk.Youwill hear the talk ONCEONLY.While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Youmay each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Youmay use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION BCONVERSATINSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCEONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A], [B], [C] and [D], and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices. Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. [A] Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.[B] Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.[C] The British are unable to speak a foreign language.[D] The British can survive on their mother tongue.2. [A] Chinese.[B] Polish.[C] Punjabi.[D] Urdu.3. [A] To help improve international trade.[B] To allow a speaker to hold a simple talk.[C] To improve the education system.[D] To encourage learning another language.4. [A] It gives you self-satisfaction.[B] It makes you more confident.[C] It you an advantage.[D] It makes you work hard.5. [A] Workmates.[B] Schoolmates.[C] Teacher and student.[D] Brother and sister.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. [A] An unreasonable fear.[B] A dangerous event.[C] A small probability.[D] A risk-assessing ability.7. [A] One in one million.[B] One in four million.[C] One in fourteen million.[D] One in forty million.8. [A] Future events.[B] Catastrophic events.[C] Small-scale disasters.[D] Smoking hazards.9. [A] Traveling by air.[B] Riding a bicycle.[C] Catching bird flu.[D] Smoking cigarettes.10. [A] They get pleasure from risks.[B] They can control potential risks.[C] They can assess danger from risks.[D] They have strong needs for risks.二、听力原文：PART I DICTATIONEmotional Reaction to MusicNo matter who you are, where you live, / or what your cultural background is, / people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music. / However, some people are simply not capable of enjoying music. / This is not because they can’t experience pleasure at all. / They don’t have trouble hearing music properly, either. / Instead, they’re just indifferent to music. / Researchers have conducted studies to find out / why some people have no emotional reaction to music. / However, despite their efforts, the mystery remains.演讲原文：The Linguistic Gift of BabiesGood morning, everyone. In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about something you can't see. That is, what's going on in the little brain of a baby.For example, how babies learn a language.It is always a question people show great interest in.Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there's a systematic decline.Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development, and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language.We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we'll have a model for the rest of language, and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development.So we've been studying the babies by conducting an experiment.During our experiment, the baby, usually a six-monther, sits on a parent's lap, and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes—like from "ah" to "ee".If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum. What have we learned?Well, babies all over the world are what I like to describe as "citizensof the world".They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we're testing and what language we're using, and that's remarkable because you know, I can't do that.We're culture-bound listeners.We can discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages.So the question arises: When do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are?And the answer: before their first birthdays.What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States, here in Seattle, as they listened to the "ra" and "la" —sounds important to English, but not to Japanese.So at six to eight months, the babies are totally equivalent.Two months later, something, something incredible occurs.The babies in the United States are getting a lot better while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.So the question is: What's happening during this critical two-month period?We know this is the critical period for sound development, but what's going on up there?Maybe there are two things going on.The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, and they're taking statistics as they listen to us talk—they're taking statistics.That is to say, the two babies listen to their own mother speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids.During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they're doing is taking statistics, that is, sound distribution on the language that they hear.And those sound distributions grow and babies absorb more.And what we've learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different.I mean, the sound distribution of both languages is different.So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains;it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics.In this case, of course, we're arguing that the learning of language material may slow down when our distribution stabilizes.OK. Today, we just talked about a recent project on babies' language development.In our next lecture, we will concentrate on bilingual people, howbilinguals keep two sets of statistics in mind at once.对话原文1：Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.W: Hi, Bob. You speak very good Chinese.M: Not really, Mary. I just know a little. Actually, not being able to speak a foreign language is a bit of a British trait or a particularly British characteristic.The British are generally considered to be lazy linguists. We just don't bother to learn another language.W: I guess the main reason is that when you travel around the world, you find that English is spoken almost everywhere.M: Yes, yes. We get by. We survive on just using our mother language.W: But you seem to love learning languages a lot. How many foreign languages can you speak?M: Not that many. A bit of German, some French, Polish a little, Chinese of course, a bit of Japanese. That's about it.W: I'm impressed. Well, what is the second most-spoken language in England? Is it Chinese?M: No, I don't think so.W: Then, that must be French.M: No. According to the recent census, 104 different languages are spoken in the UK and Polish is the second most spoken language, followed by Punjabi and Urdu.W: Then, do you have to learn a foreign language in school?M: No, it's not compulsory. But recently a campaign was launched to encourage everyone in the UK to learn at least 1,000 words of another language. It hopes to help Britain increase international trade.W: 1,000 words?M: Yes. It's called the 1,000 Words Campaign because it says a vocabulary of 1,000 words would allow a speaker to hold a simple conversation.W: That sounds like a good idea.M: Yes. It gives you self-satisfaction and self-esteem if you can speak another language when you're travelling. And I think it also gives you an edge in a lot of different areas in the workplace.You feel good about learning a new skill and you feel good about yourself, and it boosts your confidence. Imagine going on a holiday to Spain and being able to speak to the locals.W: Of course it does make one feel good.M: And there are also the economic benefits of speaking another language. It gives you an advantage, especially if you are dealing with foreign companies.W: Yes. It also shows politeness and respect for other people by showing you have made an effort.M: You're right. Mm, I'm afraid I must get going now. I'll have my Chinese class at 10 o'clock.W: Oh, I have a class at 10 as well. OK, see you later.M: See you.Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. According to the man, what is a British characteristic?2. What is the second most-spoken language in the UK?3. Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched?4. According to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language?5. What's the most probable relationship between the man and the woman?对话原文2：Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.W: Hello, and welcome to today's program. I'm Alice.M: And I'm Jack. Hello.W: Hello, Jack. You're off on holiday tomorrow, aren't you?M: I am and you know, and I'm dreading it. I hate flying!W: Do you? I didn't know you had a phobia—and that means a strong and unreasonable fear of something.M: Well, I don't think this is a phobia because it isn't unreasonable. Flying thousands of feet up in the sky, you know, that's not safe!W: Flying is safer than you think, Jack. It's much riskier to drive or cycle to work. And, actually, risk taking is the subject of today's show!Risk means the chances of something bad happening. For example, did you know that your chance of being knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey is the same as your chances of winning the lottery?M: I didn't know that.W: Can you guess what are the chances of either of these two things happening?M: I have no idea. One in a million?W: No, it's one in 14 million. You are as likely to win the national lottery from a single ticket as you are to be knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey.M: But why are we bad at assessing risk?W: People typically fear anything which is small probability but it's extremely catastrophic if it were to happen…Recently we have another increase in these birds' virus outbreaks. People read about that.And they may pay a lot of attention to that in the news but they may forget to get their flu shot.M: That's right. We tend to worry about big or catastrophic events such as catching bird flu or dying in a plane crash because we react emotionally to them.W: Yeah. Catastrophic events feel like very real threats, while we tend to forget about the small but chronic risks that become more likely over time.M: We do. So for example, what if there was a cigarette that killed you as soon as you smoked it?Nobody would do that, would they?W: No, they wouldn't.M: But plenty of people are happy to smoke for years, and put off worrying about the health risks for the future.W: Yes, that's a good point, Jack! People feel they are in control of risks that stretch over time. You know, they think, "I could stop tomorrow" or "I could smoke less".But what about people who really enjoy taking big risks—those thrill seekers out there?M: People who enjoy extreme sports actually seek out danger—it gives them extreme pleasure!If the risk is really high, it means that the pleasure needs to be equally high, or hopefully even higher—W: You're right.Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. According to Alice, what is a phobia?7. What are the chances of getting knocked off one's bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey?8. What kind of event do people tend to worry about?9. Which may involve a chronic risk?10. Why do some people enjoy risks?三、答案：SECTION A TALK1. seven2. sounds3. cognitive4. a sound changes5. six-month-old6. discriminate the7. their first birthda8. totally equivalen9. incredible differe10. taking statisticsSECTION B CONVERSATIONSConversation One1. According to the man, what is a British characteristic?答案：C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language.2. What is the second most-spoken language in the UK?答案：B. Polish.3. Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched?答案：A. To help improve international trade.4.According to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language?答案：D. It makes you work hard.5. What’s the most probable relationship between the man and the woman?答案：B. Schoolmates.Conversation Two6. According to Alice, what is a phobia?答案：A. An unreasonable fear.7. What are the chances of getting knocked off one’s bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey?答案：C. One in fourteen million.8. What kind of event do people tend to worry about?答案：B. Catastrophic events.9. Which may involve a chronic risk?答案：D. Smoking cigarettes.10. Why do some people enjoy risks?答案：A. They get pleasure from risks.。
历年英语专四听力听写原文1993-2006
历年英语专四听力听写原文1993-2006英美者 英语专业网站来源:David 的听力课堂作者:David[编辑]导言:TEM4历年听写原文（1993年—2006年）.英语专业四级考试历年听写原文（1993年——2006年）Package Holidays (1993)Package holidays, covering a two weeks' stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your destination．Everything is laid on for you．There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves．You make friends and have a good time. But there is very little chance that you will really get to know the local people．This is even less likely on a coach tour, when you spend almost your entire time traveling．Of course, there are carefully planned stops foryou to visit historic buildings and monuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short．There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend you holiday with a group of people you have never met before．The American Family (1994)The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families, the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family consisting of only parents and children has therefore become far more wide spread. Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse combinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there's an increase in single-parent homes—a father or mother living with one ormore children. Blended families occur when divorced men and women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples while one in rive Americans lives alone.Unidentified Flying Objects (1995)There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or anaircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery.The Indian Medicine Man (1996)Among the Indians of North America, the medicine man was a very important person. He could cure illness and he could speak to the spirits. The spirits were the supernatural forces that controlled the world. The Indians believed that bad spirits made people ill. So when people were ill, the medicine man tried to help them by using magic. He spoke to the good spirits and asked for their help. Many people were cured, because they thought the spirits were helping them, but really these people cured themselves. Sometimes your own mind is the best doctor for you. The medicine men were often successful for another reason, too. They knew about plants that really can cure illness. A lot of medicines are made from the plants that were used by medicine men hundred of years ago.Legal Age for Marriage (1997)Throughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference. The most common age without parents’ consent is 18 for both females and males. However, persons who are under age in their home state can get married in another state, and then return to the home state legally married. Each state issues its own marriage license. Both residents and non-residents are qualified for such a license. The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state. Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. Most states permit either a civil or religious ceremony, but a few require the ceremony to be religious. In most states a waiting period is required before the license is issued. This period is from one to five days depending on the state. A three-day-wait is the most common. In some states there is no required waiting period.The Railways in Britain (1998)转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：/cn/Html/TEM/Test4/95504.htm lThe success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities,/ led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. / Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000 kilometers of track were built,/ and over 100 railway companies were created. /Railway travel transformed people's lives. / Trains were first designed to carry goods. / However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day / which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. / Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. / Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. / The railways also provided thousands of new jobs:/ building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. / Railways even changed the time. / The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished/ and clocks showed the same time all over the country. /United Nations Day (1999)The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day.h is a day that belongs to everyone. And it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN. Some libraries exhibit children’s art works from around the world. Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries or give parties where foods of other countries are served. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN, and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs. In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world.What We Know About Language (2000)Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. However, we now do know something about it. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many peoples whose cultures are undeveloped but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. In all the languages existing in the world today, there are complexities that must have been developed for years. Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. And finally, we know that language changes over time, which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead.Characteristics of A Good Reader (2001)To improve your reading habits, you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. First, the good readerusually reads rapidly. Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. But whether he is reading a newspaper or a chapter in a physics text, his reading rate is relatively fast. He has learned to read for ideas rather than words one at a time. Next, the good reader can recognize and understand general ideas and specific details. Thus he is able to comprehend the material with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest. Finally, the good reader has in his command several special skills, which he can apply to reading problems as they occur. For the college student, the most helpful of these skills include making use of the various aids to understanding that most text books provide and skim-reading for a general survey.Disappearing Forests (2002)The world’s forests are disappearing. As much as 1/3 of the total tree cover has been lost since agriculture began some 10,000 years ago. The remaining forests are home to half of the world’s species, thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. Tropical rain forests oncecovered 12% of the land of the planet, as well as supporting at least half of the world’s species of plants and animals. These rain forests are home to millions of people. But there are other demands on them. For example, much has been cut for timber. An increasing amount of forest land has been used for industrial purposes or for agricultural development such as crop-growing. By the 1990’s less than half of the earth’s original rain forests remained, and they continued to disappear at an alarming rate every year. As a result the world’s forests are now facing gra dual extinction.Salmon (2003)Every year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers. Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls, the fish finally reach their original streams or lakes. They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs. Then, exhausted by their journey, the parent salmon die. They have finished the task that nature has given them. Months, or years later, theyoung fish start their trip to the ocean. They live in the salt water from 2-7 years, until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. Their life cycle helps man provide himself with a basic food-fish. When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annual trip up the rivers, they are in the best possible condition, and nearly every harbor has its salmon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.Money (2004)Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. In the past, many different things were used as money. People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. The Chinese used cloth and knives. In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. Even today, some people in Africa are still paid in salt. Coins were first invented by the Chinese. Originally, they were round pieces of metal with a hole in the center, so that a piece of string could keep them together. This made doing businessmuch easier, but people still found coins inconvenient to carry when they wanted to buy something expensive. To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. They began to use paper money for coins. Now paper notes are used throughout the world.The Wrist Watch （2005）It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924,some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration.The Internet (2006)The Internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications. / Imagine a book that never ends, a library with a million floors, / or imagine a research project with thousands of scientists / working around the clock forever. / This is the magic of the Internet. / Yet the Internet has the potential for good and bad. / One can find well-organized, information-rich websites. / At the same time, one can also find wasteful websites. / Most websites are known as different Internet applications. / These include online games, chat rooms (chatrooms) and so on. / These applications have great power, too. / Sometimes the power can be so great / that young people may easily become victims to their attraction. / So we need to recognize the seriousness of the problem. / We must worktogether to use its power for better ends.相关：历年英语专业四级听力音频下载转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：/cn/Html/TEM/Test4/95504_2.h t ml。
tips on good time management
tips on good time managementTips on Good Time ManagementIntroductionTime management is an essential skill for achieving success and maintaining a balanced and fulfilling life. Effective time management involves prioritizing tasks and activities, setting goals, and allocating appropriate time to each task. In this article, we will discuss some valuable tips on how to manage time more efficiently and increase productivity.1. Set Clear Goals and Prioritize TasksOne of the first steps to good time management is setting clear goals. Identify what you want to achieve in both the short-term and long-term. Setting goals helps you stay focused and motivated. Once you have established your goals, it is vital to prioritize tasks based on their importance and urgency. Prioritizing allows you to tackle the most crucial tasks first, ensuring you make progress towards your goals.2. Create a To-Do ListCreating a to-do list is an effective strategy for organizing tasks and managing time. Start each day by making a list of tasks that need to be completed. Arrange them in order of priority, with the most important tasks at the top. As you complete each task, mark it off the list. A to-do list will help you stay on track and avoid wasting time on less important activities.3. Learn to Say NoMany people struggle with time management because they often say yes to everything that comes their way. Learning to say no is crucial in managing your time effectively. Before agreeing to take on a new task or commitment, consider whether it aligns with your goals and priorities. If it doesn't, politely decline so that you can focus on tasks that truly matter.4. Avoid ProcrastinationProcrastination is one of the biggest obstacles to good time management. It often leads to unnecessary stress and last-minute rushes to complete tasks. To avoid procrastination, break tasks into smaller, manageable parts. Set specific deadlines for each part and hold yourself accountable. Additionally, eliminate distractions such as social media or unnecessary phone notifications to stay focused on the task at hand.5. Delegate and OutsourceRecognize that you can't do everything yourself. Delegate tasks to others when appropriate. Entrusting others with certain responsibilities frees up your time to focus on more important tasks. Also, consider outsourcing tasks that can be done more efficiently by others, such as hiring a professional cleaner or bookkeeper.6. Avoid MultitaskingContrary to popular belief, multitasking does not improve productivity. In fact, it often leads to decreased efficiency and errors. Instead, focus on one task at a time, giving it your full attention. Once that task is completed, move onto the next one. By practicing single-tasking, you can accomplish more in less time and with greater accuracy.7. Use Time Management Tools and TechniquesThere are numerous time management tools and techniques available that can assist in improving productivity and managing time better. Some of these tools include productivity apps, time tracking software, and digital calendars. Experiment with different tools and techniques to find the ones that work best for you and your specific needs.8. Take Regular Breaks and Practice Self-CareWhile it may seem counterintuitive, taking regular breaks actually improves productivity and energy levels. Schedule short breaks throughout the day to rest and recharge. Use this time to engage in activities that help you relax and rejuvenate, such as going for a walk or practicing deep breathing exercises. Additionally, make time for self-care activities outside of work, such as exercising, spending time with loved ones, or pursuing hobbies and interests.9. Learn to Manage Procrastination and DistractionsEven with the best intentions, it is easy to fall into the trap of procrastination and get distracted. To manage procrastination,identify the underlying reasons behind your procrastination tendencies. Is it due to fear, lack of interest, or feeling overwhelmed? Once you understand the cause, you can implement strategies to overcome it, such as breaking tasks into smaller steps or setting specific deadlines. Similarly, to manage distractions, create a conducive working environment by eliminating unnecessary distractions and setting boundaries with colleagues, family members, or roommates.10. Reflect and AdjustRegularly reflect on your time management practices and assess what is working and what needs improvement. Consider factors such as how well you are meeting your goals, how efficiently you are using your time, and whether you are experiencing an appropriate work-life balance. Based on your reflections, make necessary adjustments to your time management strategies and continually strive to optimize your productivity and well-being.ConclusionIn conclusion, good time management is essential for maximizing productivity, reducing stress, and achieving success in various aspects of life. By setting clear goals, prioritizing tasks, creating to-do lists, and practicing effective time management techniques, you can take control of your time, increase efficiency, and ultimately lead a more balanced and fulfilling life. Remember, time is a finite resource, so invest it wisely.。
好的管理做法英文作文
好的管理做法英文作文Good management practices are essential for the success of any organization. It is important for managers to set clear goals and expectations for their team members. This helps to create a sense of direction and purpose, and allows employees to understand what is expected of them.Effective communication is another key aspect of good management. Managers should be able to communicate clearly and openly with their team members, and be receptive to their feedback and ideas. This helps to build trust and fosters a positive working environment.Recognition and appreciation are important for motivating employees and boosting morale. Managers should acknowledge the hard work and achievements of their team members, and show appreciation for their contributions. This helps to create a sense of value and belonging within the team.It is also important for managers to lead by example. They should demonstrate the values and behaviors that they expect from their team members, and be willing to roll up their sleeves and work alongside their employees when needed. This helps to build respect and credibility as a leader.Flexibility is another important aspect of good management. Managers should be open to new ideas and be willing to adapt to changes in the workplace. This helps to create a dynamic and responsive team that can effectively navigate challenges and opportunities.Lastly, good management involves providingopportunities for growth and development. Managers should support the professional development of their team members and provide them with the resources and training they need to succeed. This helps to build a skilled and motivated workforce.。
好的管理做法英文作文
好的管理做法英文作文英文：Good management practices are essential for the success of any organization. As a manager, I have found that there are several key practices that can help improve the overall performance of a team.Firstly, effective communication is crucial. This means not only communicating goals and expectations clearly, but also actively listening to feedback and concerns from team members. By fostering open and honest communication, team members are more likely to feel valued and invested intheir work.Secondly, setting clear and achievable goals is important. This helps team members understand what they are working towards and provides a sense of direction. It also allows for regular check-ins and progress updates, which can help keep everyone on track and motivated.Thirdly, recognizing and rewarding hard work and achievements is a great way to boost morale and encourage continued success. This can include simple gestures like verbal praise or more tangible rewards like bonuses or promotions.Finally, leading by example is crucial. As a manager, it is important to model the behavior and work ethic you expect from your team. This can include everything from arriving on time and meeting deadlines to taking the initiative and going above and beyond in your own work.Overall, good management practices are about creating a positive and productive work environment where team members feel valued, supported, and motivated to succeed.中文：好的管理做法对于任何组织的成功都是至关重要的。
tips on good time management
tips on good time management好的时间管理对于每个人都非常重要。
它可以帮助我们提高效率，减少压力，更好地平衡工作和生活。
在这篇文章中，我将为您提供一些关于如何进行良好的时间管理的建议，帮助您更好地管理时间并实现您的目标。
第一步：设定明确的目标要有效地管理时间，首先要设定明确的目标。
这些目标可以是短期的，也可以是长期的。
确保目标具体、可衡量和可实现。
例如，一个短期目标可以是每天坚持锻炼30分钟，而一个长期目标可以是在一年内完成一本书的写作。
第二步：分解目标一旦目标设定好了，接下来要分解目标。
将大目标分解为更小的任务和里程碑，这将使目标更易于管理和实现。
将长期目标划分为每月、每周甚至每天的任务，确保每个任务都与最终目标一致。
这样做可以帮助您跟踪目标的进展，并感到成就感，并在可能的情况下进行调整。
第三步：制定计划制定计划是管理时间的关键。
根据任务的优先级和截止日期，制定一个详细的计划表，并且根据需要进行调整。
将任务和目标分配到适当的时间段，并确保保持足够的时间给重要任务。
记得要合理地安排休息时间，以保持精力充沛和高效工作。
第四步：使用时间管理工具为了更好地管理时间，可以使用各种时间管理工具。
例如，使用电子日历和任务管理应用程序，可以帮助您组织任务、设定提醒和跟踪进度。
使用待办清单可以让您清楚地知道要完成的任务，以及哪些任务是优先考虑的。
尝试不同的工具，并找到适合您的方式来管理时间。
第五步：避免时间浪费时间浪费是我们每个人都会面临的问题。
然而，要做好时间管理，就需要学会避免时间浪费。
避免沉迷于社交媒体和无关的网站浏览，学会专注于任务，并集中精力完成它们。
减少无谓的会议和长时间的社交聚会，以便有更多的时间用于高效工作或个人发展。
第六步：设置优先事项在规划工作流程时，您需要学会设置优先事项。
区分紧急和重要的任务，并根据它们的优先级进行安排。
将时间和精力放在最重要的任务上，同时也要记得留出时间应对紧急的事务。
英文版谈论管理制度作文
英文版谈论管理制度作文英文：Management system is a crucial aspect of any organization. It is the backbone that holds everything together and ensures that the organization runs smoothly. In my opinion, a good management system should be clear, concise, and flexible.Firstly, a good management system should be clear. This means that everyone in the organization should understand what is expected of them and what their roles and responsibilities are. The management system should be communicated clearly and regularly to all employees, sothat they are aware of any changes or updates.Secondly, a good management system should be concise. This means that it should not be overly complicated or convoluted. The system should be easy to understand and implement, so that employees are not overwhelmed orconfused by it. A concise management system also makes it easier to identify any problems or inefficiencies, and to make changes as necessary.Finally, a good management system should be flexible. This means that it should be able to adapt to changes in the organization or external factors, such as changes in regulations or market conditions. A flexible management system also allows for innovation and experimentation, which can lead to improvements and growth.To illustrate my point, let me give an example. Imagine a small retail store with a management system that is unclear, overly complicated, and inflexible. Employees are unsure of their roles and responsibilities, and there are frequent miscommunications and misunderstandings. The system is difficult to implement, and employees are often frustrated and demotivated. As a result, the store is struggling to meet its targets and is losing customers to competitors.Now imagine the same store with a clear, concise, andflexible management system. Employees understand their roles and responsibilities, and the system is easy to implement and adapt. There are fewer miscommunications and misunderstandings, and employees are more motivated and productive. As a result, the store is meeting its targets and is attracting more customers.中文：管理制度是任何组织的关键方面。
良好时间管理充分帮助学习的英语作文
良好时间管理充分帮助学习的英语作文Good time management is crucial for students to succeed in their academic endeavors. By effectively managing their time, students can balance their studies, extracurricular activities, and personal life, leading to improved focus, productivity, and overall well-being.One of the key benefits of good time management is the ability to prioritize tasks and allocate sufficient time for studying. This ensures that students are able to cover all the necessary material and complete assignments on time. By creating a study schedule and sticking to it, students can avoid last-minute cramming and reduce stress levels during exams.Furthermore, good time management allows students to make the most of their study sessions. By breaking down tasks into smaller, manageable chunks and setting specific goals, students can stay focused and motivated throughout their study sessions. This also helps them to retain information better and improve their academic performance.In addition, effective time management skills help students to make time for extracurricular activities and personal interests. By allocating time for hobbies, sports, and socializing, studentscan maintain a healthy work-life balance and prevent burnout. This holistic approach to time management not only enhances academic success but also promotes overall well-being.Moreover, good time management enables students to develop important life skills such as organization, self-discipline, and resilience. By learning to prioritize tasks, set goals, and manage their time effectively, students build a strong foundation for future success in their academic and professional careers.In conclusion, good time management is essential for students to excel in their studies and lead a balanced and fulfilling life. By mastering the art of time management, students can improve their focus, productivity, and overall well-being, setting themselves up for success in the future.。
《管理学英语》参考译文Unit-1
Unite 1. Precursors in Management Theory管理理论的先驱们Read the following questions first, which will help you understand the text below better, and then answer the questions after reading the text carefully.先看看下面的问题，这些问题将有助于你更好地理解后面的课文，仔细地读完课文后再回答这些问题。
l. Why did Kenneth Feld consider management as "the greatest job on earth"?为什么肯尼斯-费尔德把管理看做地球上最伟大的工作？2. How can work be done most efficiently according to your opinion based on management knowledge?根据自己的管理知识，你认为怎样工作才能最有效率？3. What is the real meaning of the phrase –“management theory jungle”?术语“管理理论丛林”的真正含义是什么？4. Why is Frederick Winslow Taylor regarded as the Father of Scientific Management?为什么人们把弗雷德里克-温斯洛-泰勒视作科学管理之父？5. What is the main idea of Taylor's famous book, The Principles of Scientific Management?泰勒著名的《科学管理原理》一书，主要观点是什么？Dating back to the ancient times, we may discover that the basic principles of management had their beginnings in the birth of civilization, when people first began to live in groups and first sought to improve their lot in life. Ever since people began forming groups to accomplish aims they could not achieve as individuals, managing has been essential to ensure the coordination of individual efforts. Kenneth Feld, president of Ringling Bro. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, once described management as "the greatest job on earth", for one of the most important human activities is managing.追溯到古代时候，我们可以发现管理的基本原理在文明起源之时就已经开始了（存在了），（在那时）当人们最早开始群体生活，最早寻求改善生活。
高中英语 精华双语文章 学会时间管理素材
高中精华双语文章：学会时间管理一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴！时间就是当下，稍纵即逝。
跟着文中的信息，学会控制时间，制定有效地日程表，合理支配时间，高效地学习、娱乐！Learn to Manage Time学会时间管理You may have been exposed to this idea before, but this time try to hear. There is a message that is trying to reach you, and it is important that it get through loud and clear. The message?你可能听说过这个观点，但不妨再听一次。
有一条信息要传送给你，而且要清楚响亮地传到，这很重要。
信息？Time management!时间管理！Time is elusive and tricky. It is the easiest thing in the world to waste - the most difficult to control. When you look ahead, it may appear you have more than you need. Yet it has a way of slipping through your fingers like quicksand. You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch the little time you have left to cover all your obligations. For example, as a beginning student looking ahead to a full term you may feel that you have an oversupply of time on your hands. But toward the end of the term you may panic because time is running out. The answer?时间难以捉摸，稍纵即逝。
管理分享的发言稿范文英文
Good morning/afternoon! It is a great pleasure to stand before you today to share some insights and experiences in the field of management. Management is an art as well as a science, and it requires continuous learning and adaptation to effectively lead and guide teams towards success. In this speech, I would like to focus on three key areas: leadership, communication, and adaptability.Firstly, let us discuss leadership. A good leader is not just someone who holds a position of authority; they are someone who inspires and motivates their team to achieve their full potential. Here are a few key principles that I have found to be essential in effective leadership:1. Vision and Direction: A leader must have a clear vision of where the team or organization is going. This vision should be communicated effectively to the team, ensuring that everyone is aligned and working towards a common goal.2. Empathy and Understanding: Great leaders understand that their team members are not just cogs in a machine. They recognize the individual strengths, weaknesses, and challenges each person faces. By showing empathy and understanding, leaders can build trust and foster a supportive work environment.3. Encouragement and Recognition: Recognizing the achievements of team members is crucial for morale and motivation. A leader should celebrate successes and encourage continuous improvement, creating a culture of positive reinforcement.Moving on to communication, it is the lifeblood of any organization. Effective communication ensures that everyone is on the same page, reduces misunderstandings, and promotes a collaborative atmosphere. Here are some tips for enhancing communication in the workplace:1. Active Listening: A good leader listens actively, not just passively. This means fully concentrating on what is being said rather than just waiting for their turn to speak. Active listening helps build stronger relationships and ensures that all voices are heard.2. Clear and Concise Messaging: When communicating with your team, be clear and concise. Avoid jargon and technical terms that might confuse or alienate team members. The goal is to convey information in a waythat is easy to understand and actionable.3. Two-Way Communication: Encourage open dialogue within your team. Create an environment where team members feel comfortable sharing their thoughts, ideas, and concerns. This not only fosters innovation but also builds a sense of ownership and commitment.Lastly, adaptability is a crucial skill for any manager. The business world is dynamic and ever-changing, and a good manager must be able to navigate through uncertainty and adapt to new challenges. Here are a few strategies for fostering adaptability:1. Continuous Learning: Encourage your team to engage in continuous learning. This can be through workshops, training sessions, or simply staying updated with industry trends. A team that is continuously learning is more equipped to adapt to change.2. Flexibility: Be flexible in your approach to problem-solving and decision-making. Sometimes, the best solution might not be the one you initially thought of. Be open to trying new methods and approaches.3. Resilience: Encourage resilience in your team. When faced with setbacks or failures, it is important to view them as learning opportunities rather than insurmountable obstacles.In conclusion, effective management requires a combination of strong leadership, effective communication, and adaptability. By focusing on these three areas, managers can create a positive and productive work environment that drives success and fosters personal and professional growth.Thank you for your attention. I welcome any questions or discussionsthat you might have on these topics. Let us continue to learn and grow together in our management journey.Best regards,[Your Name] [Your Position] [Your Organization]。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。