历史学专业英语词汇
学科的英语词汇
中英文学科专业名称哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural ResourcesProtection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese FolkLiterature)民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics inForeign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of HistoricalScience考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature(including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History自然科学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics andNuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理）Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and AtmosphericEnvironment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral DepositGeology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and EngineeringThermophysics工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of ElectricalEngineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计） Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and ReductionEngineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping, ; 大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and GeologicalEngineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of NavalArchitecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and EnvironmentalProtection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程 Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科学与技术 Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of ForestProducts环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学 Environmental Science环境工程 Environmental Engineering生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of AgricultureProducts水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage ofAquatic Products农学 Agriculture作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等） The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation andDesertification Combating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology,Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology andMetabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, InfectiousDiseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery,Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of ChineseMedicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and WesternIntegrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought andMilitary History军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学） Armed Service Operation (includingOperation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学） Military Education and Training (includingMilitary Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学） Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science。
历史—专业英语词汇
日本Japan 东京Tokyo中国China 北京Beijing韩国(南朝鲜) Korea 汉城Seoul朝鲜North Korea 平壤Pyongyang蒙古Mongolia 乌兰巴托Ulan Bator菲律滨Philippine 马尼拉Manila马来西亚Malaysia 吉隆坡Kuala Lumpur新加坡Singapore 新加坡Singapore印度尼西亚Indonesia 雅加达Jakarta泰国Thailand 曼谷Bangkok越南V ietnam 河内Hanoi缅甸Myanmar 仰光Rangoon老挝Laos 万象Vientiane柬埔寨Cambodia 金边Phnom Penh文莱Brunei 斯里巴加湾Bandarseri Begawan孟加拉国Bangladesh 达卡Dhaka尼泊尓Nepal 加徳满都Katmandu不丹Bhutan 廷布Thimph印度India 新徳里New Delhi斯里兰卡Sri Lanka Srijayewardenepurakotte马尓代夫Maldives 马累Male巴基斯坦Pakistan 伊斯兰堡Islamabad阿富汗Afghanistan 喀布尓Kabul伊朗Iran 徳黒兰Teheran伊拉克Iraq 巴格达Baghdad沙特阿拉伯Saudi Arabia 利雅得Riyadh科威特Kuwait 科威特Kuwait卡塔尓Qatar 多哈Doha巴林Bahrain 麦纳麦Manama阿拉伯联合酋长国U A E 阿布扎比Abu Dhabi 阿曼Oman 马斯喀特Muscat也门Y emen 萨那San’a叙利亚Syria 大马士革Damascus约旦Jordan 安曼Amman黎巴嫩Lebanon 贝鲁特Beirut以色列Israel 耶路撒冷Jerusalem土耳其Turkey 安卡拉Ankara塞浦路斯Cyprus 尼科西亚Nicosia俄罗斯Russia 莫斯科Moscow哈萨克斯坦Kazakhstan 阿拉木图Almaata乌兹别克斯坦Uzbekistan 塔什干Tashkent库曼斯坦Turkmenistan 阿什哈巴徳Ashkhabad 塔吉克斯坦Tadzhikistan 杜尚别Dushanbe吉尓吉斯坦Kyrgystan 比什凯克Bishkek 阿美尼亚Armenia 埃里温Y erevan格鲁吉亚Georgia 等比利斯Tbilisi阿塞拜疆Azerbaijan 巴库Baku澳大利亚Australia 堪培拉Canberra新西兰New Zealand 恵灵顿Wellington巴布亚新几内亚Papua New guinea 莫尓兹比港Port Moresby马绍尓群岛Marshall Is. 马朱罗Majuro密克罗尼西亚Micronesia Palikir瑙鲁Nauru 瑙鲁Nauru基里巴斯Kiribati 塔拉瓦Tarawa所罗门群岛Solomon Is. 霍尼亚拉Honiara图瓦卢Tuvalu 富纳富堤Funafuti西萨摩亚Western Samoa 阿皮亚Apia瓦努阿图V anuatu 维拉港Port V ila斐济Fiji 苏瓦Suva汤加Tonga 努库阿洛法Nuku’alofa挪威Norway 奥斯陆Oslo瑞典Sweden 斯特哥尓摩Stockholm芬兰Finland 赫尓辛基Helsinki丹麦Denmark 哥本哈根Copenhagen冰岛Iceland 雷克雅未克Reykjavik爱尓兰Ireland 都柏林Dublin英国UK (England) 伦敦London徳国Germany 柏林Berlin法国France 巴黎Paris荷兰Netherlands 阿姆斯特丹Amsterdam比利时Belgium 布鲁塞尓Brussels卢森堡Luxembourg 卢森堡Luxembourg瑞士Switzerland 伯尓尼Bern奥地利Austria 维也纳V ienna西班牙Spain 马徳里Madrid葡萄牙Portugal 里斯本Lisbon摩纳哥Monaco 摩纳哥Monaco意大利Italy 罗马Rome梵蒂冈V atican 梵蒂冈Vatican马耳他Malta 梵莱塔V alletta希腊Greece 雅典Athens列支敦士登Liechtenstein 瓦杜兹V aduz波兰Poland 华沙Warsaw捷克Czech 布拉格Prague斯洛伐克Slovakia 布迪斯拉发Bratislava罗马尼亚Romania 布加勒斯特Bucharest匈牙利Hungary 布达佩斯Budapest保加利亚Bulgaria 索非亚Sofia斯洛伐尼亚Slovenia 卢布尓雅那Ljublijana克罗地亚Croatia 萨格勒布Zagreb阿尓巴尼亚Albania 地拉那Tirana乌克兰Ukraine 基辅Kiev白俄罗斯Belarus 明斯克Minsk摩尓多瓦Moldova 基希讷乌Kishinev爱沙尼亚Estonia 塔林Tallinn拉脱维亚Latvia 里加Riga立陶宛Lithuania 维尓纽斯V ilnius加拿大Canada 渥太华Ottawa美国USA (America) 华盛顿Washington墨西哥Mexico 墨西哥城Mexico City危地马拉Guatemala 危地马拉Guatemala City 萨尓瓦多El Salvador 圣萨尓瓦多San Salvador 古巴Cuba 哈瓦那Havana牙买加Jamaica 金斯敦Kingston多米尼加Dominica 圣多明各Santo Domingo 海地Haiti 太子港Port-Au-Prance巴拿马Panama 巴拿马Panama委内瑞拉V enezuela 加拉加斯Caracas哥伦比亚Colombia 波哥大Bogotá厄瓜多尓Ecuador 基多Quito圭亚那Guyana 乔治敦Georgetown苏里南Suriname 帕拉马里博Paramaribo秘鲁Peru 利马Lima巴西Brazil 巴西利亚Brasilia玻利维亚Bolivia 拉巴斯La Paz巴拉圭Paraguay 亚松森Asuncion 乌拉圭Uruguay 蒙得维的亚Montevideo智利Chile 圣地亚哥Santiago阿根廷Argentina 布宜诺斯艾利斯Buenos Aires 埃及Egypt 开罗Cairo利比亚Libya 的黎波里Tripoli阿尓及利亚Algeria 阿尓及尓Alger突尼斯Tunisia 突尼斯Tunis摩洛哥Morocco 罗巴特Rabat埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 亚的斯亚贝巴Addis Ababa 苏丹Sudan 喀土穆Khartoum索马里Somalia 摩加迪沙Mogadishu乍特Chad 恩贾梅纳N’djamena尼日尓Niger 尼亚美Niamey马里Mali 巴马科Bamako塞内加尓Senegal 鞑靼Dakar利比里亚Liberia 蒙罗维亚Monrovia特迪瓦Ivory Coast 亚穆苏克罗Y amoussoukro 加纳Ghana 亚克拉Accra尼日利亚Nigeria 阿布Abuja喀麦隆Cameroon 雅温得Y aounde扎伊尓Zaire 金沙萨Kinshasa肯尼亚Kenya 内罗毕Nairobi乌干达Uganda 坎帕罗Kampala桑尼亚Tanzania 达累斯萨罗姆Dar es Salaam达加斯加Madagascar 塔那那利佛Antananarivo 莫桑比克Mozambique 马普托Maputo津巴布韦Zimbabwe 哈拉雷Harare南非South Africa 比勒陀利亚PretoriaG 8 Summit Summit Group of Eight Summit 八国集团首脑会议G20 Group of Twenty 20国集团G24 Group of Twenty Four 24国集团IADB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行/泛美开发银行IATA International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development国际复兴开发银行/世界银行ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织ICC The International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会ICO International Coffee Organization 国际咖啡组织ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes国际投资争端解决中心IDA International Development Association 国际开发协会IDB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行IDB Islamic Development Bank 伊斯兰开发银行IEA International Energy Agency 国际能源机构IEC International Electro Technical Commission 国际电工委员会IFA International Franchise Association 世界民权委员会MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 多边投资担保机构OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries 阿拉伯石油输出国组织OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织OIE Office International Des Epizooties 世界动物卫生组织OIML International Organization for Legal Metrology 国际法定度量衡组织OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织PBEC Pacific Basin Economic Council 太平洋盆地经济理事会PECC Pacific Economic Cooperation Council 太平洋经济合作理事会PIF Pacific Islands Forum 太平洋岛国论坛SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization 上海合作组织SEAFDEC Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center 东南亚渔业开发中心SWIFT Society for Worldwide Inter-bank Financial elecommunication 环球银行间金融电讯协会UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law 联合国国际贸易法委员会UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议UNDP United Nations Development Program 联合国开发计划署UNECA UN Economic Commission for Africa 联合国非洲经济委员会国家或地区（中文）货币单位（中文）缩写Afghanistan 阿富汗Afghani 阿富汗尼 AfBrunei 文莱Dollar 文莱元B$Burma 缅甸Kyat 缅元KCambodia 柬埔寨Reil 瑞尔RiCeylon 锡兰Rupee 锡兰卢比CRCyprus 塞浦路斯Pornd 塞浦路斯镑 £China 中国Renminbi 人民币元RMBHongkong 香港H.K.Dollar 港元HD$India 印度Rupee 印度卢比RsIndonesia 印度尼西亚Rupiah 印尼卢比RPIran 伊朗Rial 伊朗里亚尔 RLsIraq 伊拉克Dinar 伊拉克第纳尔 IDIsrael 以色列Pound 以色列镑I£Japan 日本Yen 日元Jjordan 约旦Dinar 约旦第纳尔JDKorea 韩国Won 圆WKuwait 科威特Dinar 科威特第纳尔KDLaos 老挝Kip 基普KipLebanon 黎巴嫩Pound 黎巴嫩磅L£Macao 澳门Pataca 澳门元Pat Malaysia 马来西亚 Dollar 马来西亚元M$Nepal 尼泊尔Rupee 尼泊尔尔卢比 NR Pakistan 巴基斯坦Rupee 巴基斯坦卢比 PRs Philippnes 菲律宾Peso 菲律宾比索PSaudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯 Riyal 沙特里亚尔SRI Singapore 新加坡Dollar 新加坡元S$Spain 西班牙Pesetas 西班牙比塞塔 Pta Sweden 瑞典Krona(Kronor) 瑞典克郎SWKr Switzerland 瑞士Swiss Franc 瑞士法郎SFr Turkey 土耳其Lira 土耳其里拉LT Russia 俄罗斯Ruble 卢布Rbl中国建设银行——CCB(China Constuction Bank)中国农业银行——ABC(Agricultural Bank of China)中国工商银行——ICBC(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China)中国银行——BOC（Bank of China)中国民生银行——CMBC（China Minsheng Banking Co., Ltd）招商银行——CMB(China Merchants Bank Ltd)兴业银行——CIB (Industrial Bank Co., Ltd)北京市商业银行——已经改名北京银行——BOB(Bank of Beijing)交通银行——BCM(Bank of Communications)中国光大银行——CEB(Chian Everbright Bank)中信银行——(China CITIC Bank)广东发展银行——GDB(Guangdong Development Bank)上海浦东发展银行——SPDB/SPDBank(Shanghai Pudong Development Bank) 深圳发展银行——SDB(Shenzhen Development Bank)巴克莱银行Barclays Bank PLC. 英国巴黎国民银行Banque Nationale de Paris 法国巴西银行Banco Do Brasil 巴西大和银行Daiwa Bank 日本大通曼哈顿银行Chase Manhattan Bank 美国德累斯顿银行Dresdner Bank 德国德意志银行Deutsche Bank 德国第一劝业银行Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank 日本第一洲际银行First Interstate Bancorp 美国东海银行Tokai Bank 日本东京银行Bank of Tokyo 日本都灵圣保罗银行Istituto Bancario SanPaolo Di Torino 意大利多伦多自治领银行Toronto-Dominion Bank 加拿大富士银行Fuji Bank 日本国民劳动银行Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 意大利国民西敏寺银行National Westminster Bank PLC. 英国荷兰农业合作社中央银行Cooperatieve Centrale Raifferssen-Boerenleenbank 荷兰荷兰通用银行Algemene Bank Nederland 荷兰花旗银行Citibank 美国汉华实业银行Manufacturers Hanover Corp. 美国汇丰银行Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. 香港加拿大帝国商业银行Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce 加拿大加拿大皇家银行Royal Bank of Canada 加拿大劳埃德银行Lloyds Bank PLC. 英国里昂信贷银行Credit Lyonnais 法国伦巴省储蓄银行Cassa Di Risparmio Delle Provincie Lombarde 意大利梅隆国民银行Mellon National Corp. 美国美洲银行(全称"美洲银行国民信托储蓄会") Bank America Corp( "Bank of America National Trust and Savings Associations") 美国米兰银行Midland Bank 英国摩根保证信托银行Morgan Guaranty Trust Corp. of New Y ork 美国纽约化学银Chemical New Y ork Corp. 美国纽约银行家信托公司Bankers Trust New Y ork Corp. 美国农业信贷国民银行de Caisse Nationale Credit Agricole 法国日本兴业银行Industrial Bank of Japan 日本瑞士联合银行Union Bank of Switzerland 瑞士瑞士信贷银行Credit Suisse 瑞士瑞士银行公司Swiss Bank Corp. 瑞士三和银行Sanwa Bank 日本三井银行Mitsui Bank 日本三菱银行Mitsubishi Bank 日本太平洋安全银行Security Pacific Corp 美国西德意志地方银行Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale 德国西太平洋银行公司Westpac Banking Corp. 澳大利亚西亚那银行Monte Dei Paschi Di Siena 意大利意大利商业银行Banca Commerciale Italiana 意大利意大利信贷银行Credito Italiano 意大利芝加哥第一国民银行First Chicago Corp. 美国中国银行Bank of China 中国住友信托银行Sumitomo Trust & Banking 日本。
托福阅读历史类单词
托福阅读历史类单词1. Civilization 文明，指人类社会在特定地区和特定时期的文化、社会、政治、经济等方面的高度发展和成就。
2. Dynasty 朝代，指一系列统治者在同一家族内继承权力的时期，如中国的汉朝、唐朝等。
3. Empire 帝国，指一个国家或地区通过征服和统一其他地区而扩展的领土和权力。
4. Revolution 革命，指一种突变或变革，通常是指政治、社会或经济体制的彻底改变。
5. Colony 殖民地，指一个国家或地区通过占领和统治其他地区而建立的属地，通常是为了经济或政治目的。
6. Independence 独立，指一个国家或地区摆脱外部控制，获得自主权和自决权。
7. Renaissance 文艺复兴，指15至17世纪欧洲发生的一系列文化和艺术变革，标志着中世纪向现代的转变。
8. Industrialization 工业化，指社会经济结构从农业为主向工业为主转变的过程，通常伴随着技术进步和城市化。
9. Nationalism 民族主义，指对自己民族的独特性和利益的认同和追求，通常伴随着对国家独立和自主性的追求。
10. Revolutionaries 革命家，指参与或领导革命运动的人，通常具有改革社会或政治体制的目标。
11. Dictatorship 独裁政权，指一个国家或地区由一个人或少数人掌握绝对权力的政治体制。
12. Cold War 冷战，指二战后期到1990年代初期，美国和苏联之间的政治、军事和经济对抗。
13. Colonialism 殖民主义，指一个国家或地区通过占领和统治其他地区的政策和实践。
14. Revolutionize 彻底改变，指通过革命性的变革来彻底改变某个领域或行业。
15. Monarchy 君主制，指一个国家或地区由君主（国王或女王）统治的政治体制。
这些单词只是托福阅读历史类单词的一小部分，但它们涵盖了不同历史时期和概念。
在备考托福阅读时，建议多阅读相关历史类文章，提升对这些单词的理解和应用能力。
大学各专业名称英文翻译——文科方面ARTS
大学各专业名称英文翻译——文科方面ARTS澳门历史研究Study of the History of Macao办公管理Office Management办公设备运用Using Desktop Publishing in Business比较管理学Comparative Management比较诗学Comparative Poetics比较文化学Comparative Cult urology比较文学研究Study of Comparative Literature必修课4－10学分Restricted (4-10 Credits needed)病理生理学Pathological Physiology财务报告介绍An Introduction to Financial Accounting Statements财务报告运用Using Financial Accounting Statements财务管理学Financial Management财务会计学Financial Accounting财务理论与方法Finance Theory & Methods财政与金融Finance财政与金融学研究Study of Finance财政预算Preparing Financial Forecasts产业经济学Industrial Economics传统文化与现代化Tradition Culture and Modernization当代国际关系研究Contemporary International Relations Studies当代世界发展研究Contemporary World Development Studies当代中国外交与侨务专题研究Monographic Studies of Diplomacy and Overseas C hinese Affairs of Contemporary China德语(第二外语) German (2nd foreign language)第一外语(英语) English (1st foreign language)电力系统Power Electronic Systems电子数据Digital Electronics电子通信Electronic Communications电子原理Electrical Principles断代文化史研究Study of Dynastic History of Culture多媒体：多媒体应用开发Multimedia: Developing Multimedia Application多用户操作系统Multi-User Operating Systems耳鼻喉科学Otolaryngology发展经济学Economics of Development放射生态学Radioecology分布式应用程序的设计与开发：概况Distributed application Design and Developme nt: An Introduction分子细胞与组织生物学Molecular, Cellular and Tissue Biology分子遗传学Molecular Genetics妇产科学Gynecology & Obstetrics高级生物化学Advanced Biochemistry高级水生生物学Advanced Hydrobiology工程实践与应用沟通（提升行业沟通技能）Communication (Developing a Commun ication Strategy for Vocational Purposes)沟通：实用技能Communication: Practical Skills管理经济学Management Economics管理决策Management Decision-Making管理理论研究|| Management Theory Studies管理理论与实践|| Management Theory & Practice管理学研究|| Management Research光化学|| Photochemistry国际关系案例分析|| Case Studies of International Affairs国际关系学导论|| Introduction of International Relations国际金融市场研究|| International Financial Market Study国际金融研究|| Study of International Finance国际经济关系研究|| International Economic Relations国际经济环境|| The International Economic Environment国际经济政治制度比较研究|| Comparative Researches on International Economic & Political Structure国际音标的应用|| Application of International Phonetic Alphabet国际战略与大国关系|| International Strategy国际政治经济学|| International Political Economy国际组织与国际制度|| International organization and International System海外汉学|| Sinology Abroad海外华侨华人概论|| Researches on Overseas Chinese海外华人文学研究|| Study of Overseas Chinese Literature汉语词汇学|| Chinese Lexicology汉语方言调查|| Survey of Chinese Dialects汉语方言概要|| Outline of Chinese Dialects汉语方言学专书选读|| Selected Reading of Chinese Dialectology汉语方言研究|| Studies of Chinese Dialects汉语史名著选读|| Selected Reading of Chinese History汉语音韵学|| Chinese Phonology汉语语法史|| History of Chinese Grammar汉语语法学名著选读|| Selected Reading of Chinese Grammar宏观经济环境|| The Macro Economic Environment宏观经济学|| Macro-economics互联网：WEB服务器的管理|| Internet: Web Server Management互联网：电子商务入门|| Internet : Introducing E Commerce互联网：网络客户服务|| Internet : Internet Client Service互联网：网络配制与管理|| Internet: Configuration and Administration of Internet Services华侨华人史|| History of Overseas Chinese华侨华人与国际关系|| Ethnic Chinese and International Relations环境生物学|| Environmental Biology回族史|| History of Chinese Muslims会计基本理论与方法|| Basic Theories & Approaches of计算数学1 || Mathematics of Computing 1计算数学2 || Mathematics of Computing 2解剖生理学|| Anatomical Physiology金融工程学|| Financial Engineering金融机构风险管理|| Risk Management by Financial Institution金融热点及前沿问题专题研究|| Research on Financial l Central & Up-to-date Iss ues经济数量分析方法|| Methods of Economic & Mathematic Analysis经济数量分析方法|| Methods of Economic Quantitative Analysis跨文化管理学|| Cross-Cultural Management临床血液病学|| Clinical Hematology马克思主义与当代科技革命|| Marxism & Contemporary Science & Technology R evolution马克思主义与当代社会思潮|| Marxism & Contemporary Social Trends o f Thoug ht美术理论|| Theory of Fine Art美术史|| History of Fine Art蒙古史|| History of the Mongols免疫生物学|| Immunobiology免疫学|| Immunology免疫学|| Immunology民族政策与民族理论研究|| Study of Policies and Theories on Nation laities明清档案|| Archives in Ming and Qing Dynasties模拟电路|| Analogue Electronics南海诸岛史研究|| Study of the History of Islands in the South Chi na Sea企业财务与资本营运|| Company Finance & Capital Operation企业管理理论与实务|| Theory & Practice of Business Management企业应用软件的开发：概况|| Enterprise Application Development: An Introduction 全球化研究|| Globalization Studies人工器官|| Artificial organs人力资源管理研究方法|| Study Methods of Human Resource Management人体解剖学|| Human Anatomy人文地理文化学|| Cult urology of Humane Geography日常交流（法语/德语/意大利语/西班牙语1、2、3级）|| Basic communication in Fr ench/German/Italian/Spanish(Levels 1,2&3)日语(第二外语) || Japanese (2nd foreign language)软件开发：抽象数据结构|| Software Development: Abstract Data Structure软件开发：第四代开发环境|| Software Development: Fourth Generation Environm ent软件开发：高级编程|| Software Development: Advanced Programming软件开发：过程式程序设计|| Software Development: Procedural Programming软件开发：汇编语言和编程|| Software Development: Assembly Language and Int erface Programming软件开发：结构设计方法|| Software Development: Structure Design Methods软件开发：开发计划|| Software Development: Program Planning软件开发：快速应用开发和原型技术|| Software Development: Rapid Applications Development and Prototyping软件开发：面向对象编程|| Software Development: Object oriented Programming 软件开发：面象对象设计|| Software Development: Object oriented Design软件开发：事件驱动程序设计|| Software Development:: Event Driven Programmin g 软件开发：网站开发|| Software Development: Developing the WWW软件开发：应用软件开发|| Software商业法规|| Law for Business商业模式|| Structure of Business商业情报管理|| Business Information Management商业统计1 || Business Statistics 1商业统计2 || Business Statistics 2商业信息技术运用（电子数据表和Word处理应用软件）|| Using Information Technol ogy in Business（Spreadsheets &Word Processing Applications）商业信息技术运用（数据库和Word处理应用软件）|| Using Information Technology in Business (Database & Word Processing Applications)社会语言学|| Sociolinguistics审计学|| Auditing生物材料|| Biomaterials生物材料测试技术|| Modern Testing Methods of Biomaterials生物分子的探测和操纵|| Signals Bimolecular Detection and Manipulation生物力学|| Biomechanics生物流变学|| Biorheology生物信息学|| Bioinformatics物医学工程前沿|| Advances in Biomedical Engineering生物医学信号处理与建模|| Biomedical Signal Processing and Modeling生物制片及电镜技术|| Biological Section and Electronic Microscope Technique 生物制片及电镜技术|| Biological Section and Electronic Microscope Technique生殖工程|| Reproductive Engineering世界经济与政治研究|| World Economy & Politics Studies水生动物生理生态学|| Physiological Ecology of Aquatic Animal水生生物学研究进展|| Study Progress on Aquatic Biology水域生态学|| Aquatic Ecology思想道德修养|| Understand of Ideology and Morality宋代政治制度研究|| Study of the Political System of Song Dynasty宋明理学史研究|| Study of the History of Neo-Confucianism in Son g and Ming Dynasties提高个人成效|| Developing Personal Effectiveness通信工程|| Communication and Industry网络会计研究|| Network Accounting Studies微观经济环境|| The Micro Economic Environment微观经济学与宏观经济学|| Micro-economics & Macro-economics微型计算机系统|| Microcomputer Systems文化语言学|| Cultural Linguistics文献学|| Bibliography文学与文化|| Literature and Culture文艺美学|| Aesthetics of Literature and Art文艺学专题研究|| Special Study of Literature Theory西方史学理论|| Historical Theories in the West西方文论|| Western Literary Theories系统开发：关系数据库|| Systems Development: Rational Database Systems 系统开发概论|| Systems Development Introduction系统生态学|| System Ecology细胞超微结构|| Cell Ultra structure细胞超微生物学|| Cell Ultra microbiology细胞生长因子|| Cell Growth Factor现代公司会计研究|| Study of Modern Company Accounting现代汉语诗学|| Modern Chinese Poetics现代汉语语法研究|| Studies of Modern Chinese Grammar现代经济与金融理论研究|| Study of Modern Economy & Finance Theory现代商业复合信息|| Presenting complex Business Information现代商业信息|| Presenting Business Information现代审计理论与方法研究|| Study of Modern Audit Theories & Approaches香港历史研究|| Study of the History of Hong Kong项目管理|| Project Management项目设计|| Project Studies新制度经济学|| New Institutional Economics新制度经济学|| New Institutional Economics信息工程：应用软件|| Information Technology: Applications Software 1信息技术和信息系统|| Information Technology Information Systems and Service s信息技术应用软件|| Information Technology Applications Software选修课总学分|| Total optional credits required血液分子细胞生物学|| Hematological Cell and Molecular Biology训诂学史|| History of Chinese Traditional Semantics亚太经济政治与国际关系|| Economy, Politics and International Relations in Asia n-Pacific Region眼科学|| Ophthalmology医学分子生物学|| Medical Molecular Biology医学基因工程|| Gene Engineering in Medicine医学统计学|| Medical Statistics医学图像处理|| Image Processing医学物理学|| Medical Physics医学信息学|| Medi-formatics医学遗传学|| Medical Genetics医学影像技术|| Medical Imaging Technique医学影像诊疗与介入放射学|| Medical Imaging Diagnosis & Treatment and Interve ning Radiology译介学|| Medio-Translatology音韵学史|| History of Chinese Phonology应用统计|| Applied Statistics应用统计|| Applied Statistics用户支持|| Providing Support to Users语义学|| Semantics藻类生理生态学|| Ecological Physiology in Algae增强团队合作意识|| Developing the Individual Within a Team政治学研究|| Politics Studies中国古代历史文献的考释与利用之一：宋史史料学之二：元史史料学之三：港澳史料学之四：边疆民族史料学|| Utilization and Interpretation of Ancient Chinese Hist orical Literature 中国古代史的断代研究之一：宋史研究之二：元史研究之三：明清史研究|| Dynastic History of China中国古代史的专题研究之一：宋元明清经济史之二：二十世纪宋史研究评价之三：中国文化史之四：中西文化交流史之五：港澳史研究之六：中国边疆民族史之七：西域史研究|| Studies of History of China中国古代文化史|| History of Chinese Ancient Culture中国古代文论|| Ancient Chinese Literary Theories中国古典美学研究|| Study of Chinese Classical Aesthetics中国教育史|| History of Education in China中国经济问题研究|| Economic Problems Research in China中国区域文化研究之一：岭南文化史之二：潮汕文化史|| Re search on Chinese Re gional Culture中国少数民族文化专题研究|| Study of Special Subjects on Cultures of Chinese Minority Nationality中国思想史|| History of Chinese Ideologies中国与大国关系史之一：中美关系史之二：中俄关系史之三：中英关系史之四：中日关系史|| History of Relations Between China and Major Powers中国与世界地区关系史之一：与中亚地区关系史之二：与东南亚地区关系史之三：与东北亚地区关系史之四：与南亚地区关系史|| History of Relations Between China an d Other Regions o f the World中国语言文学与文化|| Chinese Languages, Literatures and Cultures中外关系史名著导读|| Reading Guide of Famous Works on the History of Sino-Foreign Relations中外关系史史料学|| Science of Historical Data on the History of S info-Foreign Relations中外关系史研究|| Researches on the History of Sino-Foreign Relations中外史学理论与方法研究|| Researches on Theory and Method About Si no-Forei gn History Science中外文化交流史|| History of Sino-Foreign Cultural Exchanges中外文论|| Chinese and Western Literature Theories中西交通史|| History of Communication Between China and the West资本市场研究|| Study of Capital Market资本营运、财务与管理会计理论和方法研究|| Study of Theories & Appr oaches of Capital Operation, Financial Management Accounting资本运营与财务管理研究|| Capital Operation and Financial Management Researc h组织工程进展|| Advances in Tissue Engineering组织行为理论|| organizational Behavior Theory《中华人民共和国学位条例》“Regulations Concerning Academic Degrees in the People's Republic of Chin a”结业证书Certificate of Completion毕业证书Certificate of Graduation肄业证书Certificate of Completion/Incompletion/Attendance/Study教育学院College/Institute of Education中学Middle[Secondary] School师范学校Normal School[upper secondary level]师范专科学校Normal Specialized Postsecondary College师范大学Normal[Teachers] University公正书Notaries Certificate专科学校Postsecondary Specialized College广播电视大学Radio and Television University中等专科学校Secondary Specialized School自学考试Self-Study Examination技工学校Skilled Workers[Training] School业余大学Spare-Time University职工大学Staff and Workers University大学University(regular, degree-granting)职业大学Vocational University。
(历史专业英语词汇
四、 半殖民地、半封建社会 （一）跨文化：Cross-culture
跨文化是跨越了不同国家与民族界线的文化，是不同民族、国家及群体之间 的文化差异，是通过越过体系以经历文化归属性的人与人之间的互动关系。
（二）租界：Concession
指两个国家议订租地或租界章程后，在其中一国的领土上为拥有行政自治 权和治外法权（领事裁判权）的另一国设立的合法的外国人居住地（土地国 有化）。在中国是指近代历史上帝国主义列强通过不平等条约强行在中国获 取的租借地的简称，多位于港口城市。
信仰主义 又称“僧侣主义”。一种贬低理性、宣扬盲目 信从、 以信仰代替知识或赋予信仰以一定意义的学 说。通常是神学家和 唯心主义者贬低科学、抬高信仰的一 种手段。其典型代表人物是 中世纪教父哲学家德尔图良。 信仰主义是一切怀疑论和不可知论 的最后归宿，是剥削 阶级愚弄劳动人民、维护反动统治的工具。 主要人物：德尔图良 思想：主张信仰和理性对立起来。
三、近代史 （一）优生学：Eugenics
优生起源于英国，意思为“健康遗传”。主要是研究如何用有效手段降低 胎儿缺陷发生率。现在优生已经成为一项国家政策，其主要的内容是控制先 天性疾病新生儿，以达到逐步改善和提高人群遗传素质的目的。目前可以通 过科技手段，来确保胎儿健康。目前，我国开展优生工作主要有如下几点： 禁止近亲结婚，进行遗传咨询，提倡适龄生育和产前诊断等。
玄学又称新道家是对《老子》、《庄子》和《周易》的研究和解说。产生 于魏晋。是魏晋时期的主要哲学思潮，是道家和儒家融合而出现的一种哲学、 文化思潮。
（二） 黄老之术：Daoism ['dauizəm]
道教，又称道家、黄老、老氏与玄门等，是中国土生土长的固有宗教。是中 国国人文化催生的，乃是中国人的根蒂，是东方科学智慧之源，是促进科技 发展的宗教以及全球最珍爱生命和尊重女性的宗教。深深扎根于中华传统文 化的沃土之中。据道经记载道教起于盘古开天辟地，元始立教说法。
历史英语词汇大全探索历史学术语重温历史的壮丽卷
历史英语词汇大全探索历史学术语重温历史的壮丽卷【历史英语词汇大全探索历史学术语重温历史的壮丽卷】一、简介历史是人类社会发展的重要组成部分，在研究历史时，人们常常会遇到许多专业术语。
这些术语既是历史学研究的工具，也是理解历史背后的深层次含义的关键。
本文将对历史学中的英语词汇进行全面探索，以期加深对历史学术语的理解，重温历史的壮丽卷。
二、历史学概念1. History - 历史History refers to the study of the past, particularly human past. It involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of information about past events and experiences. By studying history, we can better understand the development of societies and civilizations.2. Archaeology - 考古学Archaeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of artifacts, structures, and other physical remains. It helps us reconstruct the past and learn about ancient cultures, technologies, and lifestyles.3. Anthropology - 人类学Anthropology is the study of humans and human societies, focusing on their culture, biology, language, and social structures. It provides insights into the diversity and evolution of human beings.4. Paleontology - 古生物学Paleontology is the study of prehistoric life through the examination of plant and animal fossils. It helps us understand the history of life on Earth and the evolutionary processes that have shaped different species.5. Historiography - 历史学方法论Historiography refers to the study of historical writing and the methods used by historians to gather and interpret information. It involves analyzing sources, evaluating evidence, and constructing narratives about the past.三、历史时期1. Ancient History - 古代史Ancient history refers to the period of human history before the Middle Ages, typically covering the civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and others. It encompasses a wide range of cultures and developments.2. Medieval History - 中世纪史Medieval history covers the period between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance. It includes the rise of feudalism, the spread of Christianity, and the development of chivalry and Gothic art.3. Renaissance - 文艺复兴The Renaissance was a cultural and intellectual movement in Europe that spanned from the 14th to the 17th century. It marked a shift from the medieval to the modern world, with significant advancements in art, science, and philosophy.4. Enlightenment - 启蒙运动The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement in Europe during the 18th century. It emphasized reason, rationality, and science, challenging traditional authority and promoting individual freedom and equality.5. Industrial Revolution - 工业革命The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in human history, characterized by the transition from handmade goods to machine production. It began in the late 18th century in Britain and had far-reaching impacts on society, economy, and technology.四、重要历史事件1. American Revolution - 美国革命The American Revolution was a political and military conflict between Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America. It resulted in the formation of the United States of America and inspired revolutionary movements worldwide.2. French Revolution - 法国大革命The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France, resulting in the overthrow of the monarchy and the riseof Napoleon Bonaparte. It had a profound impact on European history andthe spread of democratic ideals.3. World War I - 第一次世界大战World War I was a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918, involving many of the world's major powers. It caused unprecedented destruction and loss of life, leading to significant political and social changes.4. Cold War - 冷战The Cold War was a period of political tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II. It was characterized by the arms race, ideological competition, and proxy wars, shaping global politics for several decades.5. Civil Rights Movement - 民权运动The Civil Rights Movement was a social and political struggle for equal rights and racial equality, primarily in the United States. It challenged racial segregation and discrimination, leading to significant legal and social changes.五、结语通过对历史学术语的探索，我们可以更深入地理解过去文明的发展和演变。
历史英语词汇大全掌握历史事件与人物的专业术语
历史英语词汇大全掌握历史事件与人物的专业术语历史英语词汇大全：掌握历史事件与人物的专业术语在学习历史的过程中，了解并掌握相关的专业术语是非常重要的。
不仅可以帮助我们更好地理解历史事件和人物，还可以提升我们的学术素养。
本文将为您提供一个历史英语词汇大全，帮助您掌握历史事件与人物的专业术语。
1. Ancient Civilization (古代文明)- Mesopotamia (美索不达米亚): An ancient civilization located in the Tigris-Euphrates river system, known for its invention of writing, development of urban society, and establishment of the world's earliest known legal code, the Code of Hammurabi.- Ancient Egypt (古埃及): A civilization along the Nile River known for its pyramids, pharaohs, and hieroglyphics. It developed a complex religious and funerary system and made significant contributions to mathematics, architecture, and medicine.2. Classical Antiquity (古典古代)- Ancient Greece (古希腊): The birthplace of democracy, known for its philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. It made significant contributions to literature, theater, and science. Famous city-states include Athens and Sparta.- Ancient Rome (古罗马): A civilization that expanded from a small village to a vast empire, known for its legal system, engineering marvels like the Colosseum and aqueducts, and influence on European culture.3. Middle Ages (中世纪)- Feudalism (封建制度): A social and economic system based on the exchange of land for military service and loyalty. It characterized much of Europe during the Middle Ages.- Crusades (十字军东征): Series of military expeditions by Christians from Western Europe to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control. They lasted from the 11th to the 13th century.4. Renaissance (文艺复兴)- Humanism (人文主义): An intellectual movement that emphasized the study of classical texts, the importance of human potential, and the pursuit of knowledge, art, and science.- Leonardo da Vinci (列奥纳多·达·芬奇): An Italian polymath known for his contributions in the fields of art, science, mathematics, and engineering. Best known for his paintings Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.5. Age of Exploration (探险时代)- Christopher Columbus (克里斯托弗·哥伦布): An Italian explorer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for widespread European exploration and the eventual colonization of the Americas.- Ferdinand Magellan (费尔南多·麦哲伦): A Portuguese explorer who led the first circumnavigation of the globe. His expedition proved that the Earth was round.6. Industrial Revolution (工业革命)- Steam engine (蒸汽机): Invented by James Watt, the steam engine was a key invention that revolutionized transportation, manufacturing, and agriculture during the Industrial Revolution.- Factory system (工厂体系): A method of manufacturing that brought workers and machinery together in one place, leading to increased efficiency and mass production.7. World Wars (世界大战)- Treaty of Versailles (凡尔赛条约): The peace treaty signed in 1919, officially marking the end of World War I. It placed full blame on Germany and imposed heavy reparations, leading to future political and economic tensions.- D-Day (诺曼底登陆): The Allied invasion of Normandy, France on June 6, 1944, during World War II. It marked a major turning point in the war and led to the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany.通过了解并熟练掌握这些历史英语词汇，我们可以更深入地了解历史的各个时期和相关的事件与人物。
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学Industrial Economics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Science of Law法学理论Jurisprudence法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际****主义运动Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中国共产党党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology 应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports 运动人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学Film广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art舞蹈学Dance历史学History历史学History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Historical Science 考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史History of Particular Subjects中国古代史Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史World History理学Natural Science数学Mathematics基础数学Fundamental Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理）Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学Marine Sciences物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Marine Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology 地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学）Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Genetics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Science and Technology工学Engineering力学Mechanics一般力学与力学基础General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mechanics工程力学Engineering Mechanics机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics 工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与****工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emergency Medicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学Pharmaceutical Science药物化学Medicinal Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacognosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Science of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations联合战役学Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学）Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学Science of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Science of Command作战指挥学Combat Command军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligence密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学）Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学Science of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学Military Management军队政治工作学Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学Military Logistics后方专业勤务Rear Special Service军事装备学Military Equipment管理学Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学）Corporate Management (includingFinancial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics Management农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics Management公共管理学Science of Public Management注：院：School of + 专业名系：Department of + 专业名。
历史学专业英语词汇
Unit 1history ['histri] n. 历史，历史学narrative ['nærətiv] n. 记事，叙事Herodotus [hə'rɔdətəs] n. 希罗多德circa ['sə:kə] prep. （拉丁语）大约（简写c., ca., cir., circ., C.）Thucydides [θju'sidədi:z] n. 修昔底德chronological [.krɔnə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 年代学的，按年代顺序的territorial [.teri'tɔ:riəl] adj. 区域性的，地方性的thematically [θi'mætikli] adv. 按主题方式，按专题方式Big History 大历史（学派）archaeology [.ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒi] n. 考古学methodology [.meθə'dɔlədʒi] n. 方法论approach [ə'prəutʃ] n. 研究方法discipline ['disiplin] n. 学科perspective [pə'spektiv] n. 观点the humanities [hju:'mænitiz] 人文学科the social sciences 社会科学classification [.klæsifi'keiʃən] n. 分类anthropology [.ænθrə'pɔlədʒi] n. 人类学global history 全球史historiography [.histɔ:ri'ɔgrəfi] n. 历史编纂学，史学史，文献学biographical [.baiə'græfikəl] adj. 传记的，传记体的thematic [θi'mætik] adj. 主题的，专题的medieval [medi'i:vəl] adj. 中世纪的philosophy of history 历史哲学meta-level ['metə 'levəl]总体层面，元级teleological [.teli'ɔlədʒikəl] adj. 目的论的diplomatic [.diplə'mætik] adj. 外交的historical method 史学方法primary sources 原始材料epistemology [i.pisti'mɔlədʒi] n. 认识论Peloponnesian [.peləpə'ni:ʃən] adj. 伯罗奔尼撒半岛的divine [di'vain] adj. 神的，神圣的chronology [krə'nɔlədʒi] n. 编年史cyclical ['saiklikl] adj. 循环的posthumous ['pɔstjuməs] adj. 身后的，死后的dynastic [dai'næstik] adj. 王朝的Saint Augustine [seint ɔ:'gʌstin] n. 圣奥古斯丁Christian ['kristjən] adj. 基督教的，基督教徒的the Renaissance [rə'neisəns] n. 文艺复兴，文艺复兴时期religious [ri'lidʒəs] adj. 宗教的Hegel ['heigl] n. 黑格尔secular ['sekjulə] adj. 世俗的Ranke [ræŋk] n. 兰克epic ['epik] adj. 史诗的，叙事的；史诗，叙事诗nationalistic [.næʃənəl'istik] adj. 民族主义的Fernand Braudel [fer'nan brɔ'del] 费尔南•布罗代尔Le Roy Ladurie [lə rwa ladju'ri:] 拉鲁瓦•拉杜里Marc Bloch [mark blɔk] 马克•布洛克Lucien Febvre [lysjæn fevr] 吕西安•费弗尔multi-disciplinary [.mʌlti'disiplinəri] adj. 多学科的the Annales ['ænəlz] School 年鉴学派quantitative history 数量史学raw data 原始数据ethnic ['eθnik] adj. 族群的，族裔的racial ['reiʃəl] adj. 种族的genre ['ʒɑ:nrə] n. 类型，流派，风格history of everyday life 日常生活史Marxist ['mɑ:ksist] adj., n. 马克思主义（者）的；马克思主义者Eric Hobsbawm ['erik 'hɔbsbɔm] 埃里克•霍布斯鲍姆Georges Lefebvre [ʒɔrʒ lə'fevr] 乔治•勒费弗尔François Furet [fran'swa fy're] 弗朗索瓦•弗雷Roland Mousnier [rɔ'lan mu:'njei] 罗兰•穆尼埃anti-Marxist adj. 反马克思主义的feminist ['feminist] adj. 女性主义的，女权主义的；女权主义者postmodernist [.pəust'mɔdərnist] n., adj. 后现代主义者；后现代主义（者）的Richard Evans ['ritʃəd 'evənz] 理查德•埃文斯Keith Windschuttle [keiθ 'winʃʌtl] 凯斯•温修德historical periodization [piəriədai'zeiʃən] 历史分期classificatory [.klæsifi'keitəri] adj. 类别的，分类上的retrospective [.retrəu'spektiv] adj. 事后回想的，回顾的the Gilded Age 镀金时代the Dark Age(s) 黑暗时代the First World War 第一次世界大战decimal ['desiməl] adj. 十进法的，以十为基础的talismanic [.tæliz'mænik] adj. 护符（般）的，有护符般效力的the Victorian [vik'tɔ:riən] Era 维多利亚时代the Napoleonic [nə.pəuli'ɔnik] Era 拿破仑时代the Meiji ['mei'dʒi:] Era 明治时代the Merovingian [.mærə'vindʒiən] Period 墨洛温王朝时期Romantic [rə'mæntik] period 浪漫主义时期the sexual ['seksjuəl] revolution 性革命conservative [kən'sə:vətiv] adj. 保守的Roman Catholic ['kæθəlik] culture 罗马天主教文化Franco ['frɔŋkəu] n. 弗朗哥Unit 2primitive culture 原始文化Paul Tournal [pɔl turnal] 保罗·杜纳尔anté-historique ['a:ŋtei 'istɔrik] n.（法语）史前的prehistoric ['pri:his'tɔrik] n. 史前的Daniel Wilson ['dænjəl 'wilsn] 丹尼尔·威尔逊prehistorian [pri:hi'stɔ:riən] n. 从事史前史研究的专家，史前史学家the Stone Age 石器时代the Bronze Age 青铜器时代the Iron Age 铁器时代excavation [.ekskə'veiʃən] n. 发掘geologic [dʒiə'lɔdʒik] adj. 地质学的geographic [dʒiə'græfik] adj. 地理学的literate ['litərit] adj. 识字的，有文化的geneticist [dʒi'netisist] n. 遗传学家linguist ['liŋgwist] n. 语言学家paleontology [.pæliɔn'tɔlədʒi] n. 古生物学biology [bai'ɔlədʒi] n. 生物学geology [dʒi'ɔlədʒi] n. 地质学archaeoastronomy [.ɑ:kiəuəs'trɔnəmi] n. 考古天文学linguistics [liŋ'gwistiks] n. 语言学molecular [mə'lekjulə] adj. 分子的genetics [dʒi'netiks] n. 遗传学archaeological [.a:kiə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 考古的，考古学上的artifact ['ɑ:tifækt] n. 人工制品anonymous [ə'nɔniməs] adj. 无名无姓的，匿名的Neanderthal [ni'ændətɑ:l] n. 尼安德特人academic [.ækə'demik] adj. 学术上的，从事学术研究的New Guinea [nju: 'gini] n. 新几内亚Paleolithic [.pæliəu'liθik] n. 旧石器时代；adj. 旧石器时代的the Lower Paleolithic 旧石器时代早期Homo sapiens ['həuməu 'seipienz] n. 智人（现代人的学名）Homo habilis ['həuməu 'hæbilis] n. 能人species ['spi:ʃi:z] n. 种类，物种usher ['ʌʃə] vi. 引入，引导anatomic [.ænə'tɔmik] adj. 解剖学上的burial ['beriəl] n. 埋葬，葬礼，坟墓sophisticated [sə'fisti.keitid] adj. 复杂的，精密的，老练的highlight ['hailait] n. 精彩部分，闪光点the Middle Paleolithic 旧石器时代中期the Cro-Magnon ['krəʊ'mænjɔŋ] n. 克罗马尼翁人nomadic [nəu'mædik] adj. 游牧的，游牧民族的，流浪的hunter-gatherer n. 捕猎采集者egalitarian [i.gæli'tɛəriən] adj. 平等主义的sedentary ['sedən.təri] adj. 定居的，固定不动的chiefdom ['tʃi:fdəm] n. 首领的地位，首领的权威stratification [.strætifi'keiʃən] n. 分层indigenous [in'didʒinəs] adj. 土著的，土生土长的，本地的the Upper Paleolithic 旧石器时代晚期Mesolithic [.mesə'liθik] n. 中石器时代；adj. 中石器时代的the Middle Stone Age 中石器时代Neolithic [.ni:əu'liθik] n. 新石器时代；adj. 新石器时代的Pleistocene ['plaistəusi:n] n. 更新世；adj. 更新世的millennia [mi'leniə] (millenniums) n. 数千年marshland ['mɑ:ʃlænd] n. 沼泽地midden ['midn] n. 贝冢deforestation [.di:fɔris'teiʃən] n. 森林开发，滥发森林composite ['kɔmpəzit] adj. 合成的，复合的flint [flint] n. 极硬的东西，打火石microlith ['maikrəliθ] n. 细石器microburin [.maikrə'bjuərin] n. 小雕刻刀tackle ['tækəl] n. 用具，滑车adze, adz [ædz] n. 锛子canoe [kə'nu:] n. 独木舟bow [bəu] n. 弓the New Stone Age 新石器时代domestication [də.mesti'keiʃən] n. 驯养，驯化warfare ['wɔ:fɛə] n. 战争，战事Stonehenge ['stəun'hendʒ] n. 巨石阵millennium [mi'leniəm] n. 一千年Sumerians [su:'miriəns] n. 苏美尔人Peru [pə'ru:] n. 秘鲁Mesoamerica [.mezəuə'merikə] n. 中美洲the Fertile Crescent ['kresənt] n. 新月沃地（西亚伊拉克两河流域连接叙利亚一带地中海东岸的一片弧形地区，为上古文明发源地之一）irrigation [.iri'geiʃən] n. 灌溉the Metal Age 金属时代Chalcolithic [.kælkə'liθik] n. 铜石并用时代；adj. 铜石并用时代的the Old World 旧大陆，东半球（尤指欧洲）metallurgy [me'tælədʒi] n. 冶金术，冶金学metalworking ['metəl.wə:kiŋ] n. 金属加工tin [tin] n. 锡outcropping ['autkrɔpiŋ] n. 露出，露出地表arsenic ['ɑ:sənik] n. 砷，砒霜ferrous ['ferəs] adj. 含铁的cradle ['kreidəl] n. 摇篮，发源地valley ['væli] n. 流域Euphrates [ju:'freiti:z] n. 幼发拉底河Tigris ['taigris] n. 底格里斯河Mesopotamia [.mesəpə'teimiə] n. 两河流域Nile [nail] n. 尼罗河Indus ['indəs] n. 印度河subcontinent [sʌb'kɔntinənt] n. 次大陆adjacent [ə'dʒeisənt] adj. 临近的implement ['implimənt] n. 工具，器具ornament ['ɔ:nəmənt] n. 装饰物，装饰。
一些哲学专业和历史专业英语词汇
一些哲学专业和历史专业英语词汇可陶冶性；可塑性figurability古典主义Classicism古典语文｛古希腊文、拉丁文｝classicallanguage古典学科classicalcourse古典学校；古典学派classicalschool四目{音乐、算数、几何、天文}quadrivium本性originalnature母性maternity母道；母仪mothercraft母语motherlanguage mothertongue民本教育democraticeducation民族主义nationalism民族主义教育nationalisticeducation目的论teleology先天观念innateidea同情sympathy合理化作用rationalization回教教育；伊斯兰教育Mohammedaneducation=Islamiceducation 自由意志freewill自然主义naturalism自然主义教育naturalisticeducation自然趋势naturaltendency自然惩罚naturalpunishment判断judgment助理教师assistantteacher助理教授assistantprofessor形式陶冶；形式训练formalculture=formaldiscipline批判分数criticalscore批判教育学Criticalpedagogy批评课criticismlesson男生训导{史}Deanofmen男生通勤学校{英，相对于寄宿学校}boy'sdayschool系统教育学Systematicpedagogy良心conscience儿童之家children'shome儿童文学children'sliterature儿童指导所Child-guidanceclinic儿童学Paidology Paedology夜校{英}moonlightschool姊妹会{美国大学女生社团}sorority性格；品格character拉丁文法学校{英、美}Latingrammarschool泛爱主义philanthropism泛爱主义教育philanthropiceducation泛爱学校philanthropicschool社会化socialization社会主义Socialism教育学词汇-历史哲学2社会主义教育socialisticeducation社会学Sociology初民教育primitiveeducation初级教义问答学校；天主教望教友要理班Catechumenalschool 非教派学校undenominationalschool品格培养characterbuilding formationofcharacter品格教育charactereducation品格测验charactertest品格评比characterrating品格诊断；品性诊断characterdiagnosis建教制度{就学与工作时间可轮替之制度}alternatingplan alternatingsystem思考thinking施济学校{英国中世纪时期修道院的慈善学校}almonryschool柔性教育softeducation查经班Bibleclass相属原则Principleofbelonging美育aestheticeducation美育教学estheticpedagogy美感aestheticfeeling美感判断estheticjudgment美学aesthetics esthetics军国主义；黩武思想；军国民主义militarism家教育；民族教育nationaleducation基督宗教教育Christianeducation专业道德；专业伦理学professionalethics情感作用；感情affection情操sentiment推论；推理inference=reasoning教生{英国17世纪中叶用法}；实习教师{英国现行用法}student-teacher traineeteacher 教育工作者educator教育可能性possibilityofeducation教育史Historyofeducation教育决定论educationaldeterminism教育委员{十九世纪英国中央层级的教育委员，负责对各级教育的视导}commissioneroneducation教育哲学Educationalphilosophy Philosophyofeducation教育价值educationalvalue教育学家；教育学者educationalist educationist教育历程educationalprocess教派学校{基督宗教}denominationalschool sectarianschool教区学校parishschool parochialschool教规；训诫precept教会教育Churcheducation Missionaryeducation教会学校Missionschool教义问答教学法{要理问答教学法}catechetic catechism catecheticmethod教仆{古希腊}；教育学者p edagogue启蒙运动Enlightenment Theenlightenment理性；理由reason理性教育rationaleducation理性论；理性主义rationalism理想ideal理论教育学theoreticalpedagogy现代语文；现代外语{相对于古典语文}modernlanguages毕业式commencement移动学校{美国初期为解决郊区学子就学问题所提供教师至该区巡回教育的措施}movingschool规范科学{相对于实证科学}normativescience通艺学科；博艺学科liberalarts陆军学校armyschool重述要旨；简述大意recapitulation音乐学校conservatory musicschool个人主义individualism修女学校nunneryschool修道院cloister修道院教育monasticeducation修道院学校monasteryschool monasticschool cloisterschool 修辞学校rhetoricalschool伦理教育ethicaleducation伦理学Ethics原理；原则principle原创性originality哲学的教育学philosophicalpedagogy宫廷学校Courtschool Palaceschool校友alumnus alumni{pl.}校友会alumniassociation校风schoolethos格言；行为准则maxim气质temperament消极训练negativediscipline消极教育negativeeducation消极适应negativeadaptation神学校Theologicalseminary神学院divinityschool theologicalcollege theologicalseminary 神学教育theologicaleducation纯粹科学purescience虔敬主义pietism高级教义问答学校；天主教进阶要理班Catecheticalschool副校长assistantprincipal副教授associateprofessor唱诗学校Choirschool问答法questionandanswermethod唯物论materialism唯实主义教育realisticeducation唯实论；实在论realism经验论；经验主义Empiricism圣经学校Bibleschool资讯；知识information=knowledge运动员风度；运动家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moraleducation道德教学moralinstruction顿悟；洞悟；洞见；洞察insight实用主义pragmatism实质训练materialdiscipline实质陶冶materialculture对话法dialogisticalmethod歌咏团gleeclub演绎法deductivemethod种族差异racedifference罚则penaltyschedule诵读学校；阅读学校{中世纪以来的基础识字教育}readingschool俭约教育thrifteducation剑桥制{1839年美国麻州剑桥地区允许资赋优异小学生修读两年即可跳级毕业的措施}Cambridgeplan审美aestheticappreciation模范课modellesson模范学校modelschool论理次序；逻辑次序logicalorder论理学；逻辑；理哲学Logic养育{后天教养，与nature相对}nurture学士Bachelor学士学位Bachelors'degree学位巾academichood学位帽mortar-board学府{古希腊}；大学区{法}；中学{英、美旧制}；学术性质之会社；军事院校academy 学者；学生{英}scholar学科轮替制alternationofstudies学徒；艺徒apprentice学徒制apprenticeshipsystem apprenticesystem学徒教育apprenticeshipeducation。
历史学专业英语词汇
2013级中国史 刘亚东
1.Cathay [kæˈθe ] 华夏 e.g. And Cathay, which was produced under such manipulated factors, has played an important role in American and English literature.基于这些操控因素诞生的《华夏集》 的确对英美文学产生了重要影响。 2.pre-Qin philosophers [fɪ‘lɑsəfər] 先秦诸子 e.g. Chinese culture is one hundred schools of tho-ught in this division and among thepre-Qin philos- ophers constantly develop and enrich the up.中国文化就是在这些先秦诸子 学派的分合之中不断地发展和丰富起来的。
19.enlightment campaign启蒙运动. e.g. Since the Enlightment Campaign ,society and democracy have been linked to the idea of freedom and choice.从启 蒙运动开始，社会、民主就与自由、选择的概念联系 在一起。 20.the Northen Warlords[‘wɔr.lɔrd]北洋军阀. e.g. The ruling period of the Northern Warlords was the full developing stage of bureaucrat capital.北洋军阀统治时 期是官僚资本全面扩展的阶段。
各个学科的英文单词
各个学科的英文单词1. 数学：Mathematics2. 物理：Physics3. 化学：Chemistry4. 生物：Biology5. 地理：Geography6. 历史：History7. 政治：Political Science8. 经济：Economics9. 语文：Chinese Language and Literature10. 英语：English11. 音乐：Music12. 美术：Art13. 体育：Physical Education14. 信息技术：Information Technology15. 心理学：Psychology16. 哲学：Philosophy17. 法学：Law18. 社会学：Sociology19. 伦理学：Ethics20. 教育学：Education这些学科英文单词涵盖了从自然科学到人文社会科学的各个领域，为我们在学习、研究和国际交流中提供了便利。
掌握这些单词，有助于我们更好地了解世界，拓宽视野。
各个学科的英文单词拓展21. 天文学：Astronomy天体物理学：Astrophysics宇宙学：Cosmology22. 地质学：Geology地球物理学：Geophysics水文学：Hydrology23. 生态学：Ecology环境科学：Environmental Science野生动物保护：Wildlife Conservation24. 计算机科学：Computer Science软件工程：Software Engineering25. 工程学：Engineering机械工程：Mechanical Engineering电子工程：Electrical Engineering26. 医学：Medicine内科学：Internal Medicine外科学：Surgery27. 护理学：Nursing成人护理：Adult Nursing儿科护理：Pediatric Nursing28. 建筑学：Architecture城市规划：Urban Planning室内设计：Interior Design29. 语言学：Linguistics语音学：Phonetics语义学：Semantics30. 跨学科研究：Interdisciplinary Studies文化研究：Cultural Studies全球研究：Global Studies了解这些学科的英文单词及其细分领域，不仅有助于我们在学术道路上不断前行，还能让我们在全球化的今天，更好地与国际同行交流与合作，共同推动人类文明的进步。
历史考试专业词汇
历史考试专业词汇历史考试中涉及到许多专业词汇，这些词汇通常与历史事件、人物、思想等相关。
以下是一些在历史考试中遇到的专业词汇：封建制度（Feudalism）：中世纪欧洲的社会制度，以封建主与农奴的关系为基础。
工业革命（Industrial Revolution）：18世纪末至19世纪初，以机械化、工业化为特征的社会经济变革。
文艺复兴（Renaissance）：14至17世纪，欧洲发生的一场涉及文学、艺术、科学等多个领域的思想文化运动。
启蒙时代（Enlightenment）：17至18世纪，欧洲一场强调理性、科学和人权的思想运动。
亚历山大大帝（Alexander the Great）：古希腊的征服者，建立了一个辽阔的亚历山大帝国。
革命（Revolution）：社会、政治或经济方面的彻底变革。
联合国（United Nations）：二战后建立的国际组织，旨在维护国际和平与安全。
文革（Cultural Revolution）：毛泽东领导下的中国社会运动，发生在1966年至1976年，以革除“资产阶级思想”为目标。
冷战（Cold War）：二战后至苏联解体前，美国和苏联之间的政治、经济和军事对抗。
世界大战（World War）：包括一战（1914-1918）和二战（1939-1945）等在全球范围内的大规模冲突。
殖民主义（Colonialism）：欧洲列强在亚非拉等地建立殖民地的历史现象。
社会主义（Socialism）：一种追求公有制、社会平等和对贫困的关切的政治经济体制。
这只是一个小小的范例，历史考试中的专业词汇会根据考试范围和内容有所不同。
建议参考具体的历史教材和考试大纲，以了解相关的专业词汇。
(完整版)马克思主义历史学英语专业词汇
(完整版)马克思主义历史学英语专业词汇本文档旨在提供马克思主义历史学英语专业词汇的全面列表，以帮助研究者更好地理解和运用相关术语。
以下是一些常用的词汇及其解释：1. Historical Materialism (历史唯物主义): A Marxist theory that explains social and historical development based on the material conditions and class struggle.3. Class Struggle (阶级斗争): The conflict between different social classes, typically the bourgeoisie and proletariat, in which the working class seeks to overthrow the ruling class.4. Proletariat (无产阶级): The working class, who do not own the means of production and are therefore dependent on selling their labor for a wage.5. Bourgeoisie (资产阶级): The capitalist class, who own the means of production and exploit the labor of the proletariat.6. Superstructure (上层建筑): The cultural, political, and legal institutions that arise from the economic base, reflecting the dominant ideas and values of the ruling class.7. Base (经济基础): The economic foundation of society, including the means of production, relations of production, and social classes.8. Alienation (异化): The separation or estrangement of individuals from their true nature and the products of their labor, caused by the capitalist mode of production.9. Ideology (意识形态): A set of beliefs, values, and ideas that justify and support the interests of a particular social group or class.10. Historical Materialist Method (历史唯物主义方法): The approach used by Marxist historians to analyze historical events and processes, focusing on the material conditions and class struggle.此外，还有许多其他的马克思主义历史学英语专业词汇，这些词汇在研究和研究中起到重要的作用。
英语单词-学科类
英语词汇分类记忆-学科类(1)英语词汇分类记忆-学科类哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学Industrial Economics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Science of Law法学理论Jurisprudence法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language andLiterature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature 外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学Film广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art舞蹈学Dance历史学History历史学History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Historical Science 考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史History of Particular Subjects中国古代史Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史World History理学Natural Science数学Mathematics基础数学Fundamental Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理）Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System。
学科专业英文词汇
学科英文词汇中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称哲学Philosophy哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy外国哲学Foreign Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学Industrial Economics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Science of Law法学理论Jurisprudence法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law(including Science of Labour Law and Science of SocialSecurity Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement中共党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations外交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese FolkLiterature)民族学Ethnology民族学Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Education教育学Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Science of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Science体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学English Language and Literature俄语语言文学Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学French Language and Literature德语语言文学German Language and Literature日语语言文学Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学European Language and Literature亚非语言文学Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学Linguistics and Applied Linguistics inForeign Languages 新闻传播学Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism传播学Communication艺术学Art艺术学Art Theory音乐学Music美术学Fine Arts设计艺术学Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学Film广播电视艺术学Radio and television Art舞蹈学Dance历史学History历史学History史学理论及史学史Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学Archaeology and Museology历史地理学Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (including Paleography and Studies of Dunhuang) 专门史History of Particular Subjects中国古代史Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史World History理学Natural Science数学Mathematics基础数学Fundamental Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理）Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学Marine Sciences物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Marine Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学）Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology) 构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Genetics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Science and Technology工学Engineering力学Mechanics一般力学与力学基础General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mechanics工程力学Engineering Mechanics机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design) 建筑技术科学Building Technology Science土木工程Civil Engineering岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering结构工程Structural Engineering市政工程Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程Chemical Engineering化学工艺Chemical Technology生物化工Biochemical Engineering应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration地球探测与信息技术Geodetection and Information Technology地质工程Geological Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light Industry Technology and Engineering制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engineering发酵工程Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规划与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure 轮机工程Marine Engine Engineering水声工程Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering兵器发射理论与技术Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological Environmental andEnergy Engineering农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程Forestry Engineering森林工程Forest Engineering木材科学与技术Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学Environmental Science环境工程Environmental Engineering生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering食品科学Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Science农业资源利用学Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Science植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Science畜牧学Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等）The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Conservation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学Fisheries Science水产养殖学Aquaculture Science捕捞学Fishing Science渔业资源学Science of Fisheries Resources医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology免疫学Immunology病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Forensic Medicine放射医学Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学Oncology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emergency Medicine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preventive Medicine流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupational and Environmental Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chinese Medicine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学Pharmaceutical Science药物化学Medicinal Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacognosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Science of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Science of Operations联合战役学Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学）Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学Science of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Science of Command作战指挥学Combat Command军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligence密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学）Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学Science of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学Military Management军队政治工作学Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学Military Logistics后方专业勤务Rear Special Service军事装备学Military Equipment管理学Management Science管理科学与工程Management Science and Engineering工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学）Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Science of Public Management行政管理学Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management社会保障学Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学Library Science情报学Information Science档案学Archival Science[推荐]中国标准化规范大全通用计量术语及定义General Terms in Metrology and Their Definitions国家计量检定规程编写规则The Rules for Drafting National MetrologicalVerification Regulation流量计量名词术语及定义Metrological Terms and Their Definitions for Flow Rate标准物资常用术语(试行)General Terms of Reference Material容量、密度计量名词术语及定义（试行）Terminology and Definitions for Measurement of CapacityDensity罐内液体石油产品计量技术规范Technical Norm of the Measurement of Liquid PetroleumProducts in Tanks计量器具定型通用规范The General Norm for Pattern Evaluation of Measuring Instruments计量器具定型鉴定规范的编写导则Rules for Drafting Norms of Pattern Evraluation of Measuring Instruments产品质量检验机构计量认证技术考核规范The Technical Examination Norm for Metrology Accreditation of Testing Unit for Testing of ProductQuality计量标准命名规范The Technical Norm of Designation for Metrological Standard计量器具的可靠性分析原则Technical Norm of Reliability Analysis Principle for Measuring Instruments测量误差及数据处理技术规范（试行）Technical Norm for Error of Measurements and Interpretation of Data计量标准考核规范Technical Norm of Check for Standard of Measurement工作计量器具命名与分类代码规范Norm of Designation for Working Measuring Instrument and its Classification Code燃油加油机税控装置技术规范The Technical Norm For Revenue Control Device of Fuel Dispenser测量不确定度评定与表示Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement 税控燃油加油机定型鉴定大纲The Program for Pattern Evaluation of Fuel Dispensers with Revenue Function税控燃油加油机制造许可证考核规范The Examination Specification of Manufacturing Competence for Fuel Dispensers with Revenue Function法定计量检定机构考核规范Specification for the Examination of the Services ofLegal Metrological Verification定量包装商品净含量计量检验规则The Rules of Metrological Inspection for Net Content of Prepackeged Commidity with Fixed Content国家校准规范编写导则The Rules for Drafting National CalibrationSpecifications膜式煤气表定型鉴定大纲The Program for Pattern Evaluation of Diaphragm Gas Meters印制板用处理“E”玻璃纤维纸Specification for“E” glass paper for printed boards印制板用处理“E”玻璃纤维布Specification for finished fabric wo ven from “E” glassfor printed boardsLED显示屏通用规范Generic specification for LED panelsLED显示屏测试方法Test methods for LED panels移动通信网室内分布系统标准Standard of indoor distributing system of mobile communication network宽带无线IP技术规范Broadband wireless IP Technology specification移动IP技术规范Mobile IP Technology specification应用于无线IP技术的网络安全规范Network security specification for wireless IPTechnology无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范Wireless Lan Medium Access Control(MAC) and physicallayer(PHY) specifications无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范2.4GHz频段较高速物理层扩展规范Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and physicallayer(PHY) specifications: Higher- Speed Physical LayerExtension in the 2.4GHz Band无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范5GHz频段高速物理层扩展规范Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and physicallayer(PHY) specifications: High Speed Physical Layer inthe 5GHz Band高速率无线IP移动通信系统标准The High-Date-Rate wireless Mobil IP communicationsystem standard中小企业信息化技术规范Technical Specification for Informationalization ofMiddle and Small Enterprises中小企业信息化建设规范实施指南Guide for the Implementation of InformationalizationConstruction Specification of Middle and SmallEnterprises阴极射线管玻壳检验规范Inspection standards for glass bulbs for cathode-raytubes显像管玻壳型号命名方法The type designation for picture tube bulbs阴极射线管有效屏面缺陷规范Defect criteria in useful screen area for cathode raytubes电子元器件详细规范MYS4、MYS5、MYS6、MYS8防雷指示型过电压保护器评定水平EDetail specifications of electronic and element devicefor lighting surge protective device withfault-indication of type MYS4、MYS5、MYS6、MYS8Assessment level E空调器用步进电动机详细规范Stepping motor for air conditioning detail specification空调器用无刷直流风机详细规范Brushless D.C blower for air conditioning detailspecification数字式角度测量仪规范Digital clinometer综合智能交通电子信息系统技术体系规范Specification of technical system of integratedintelligent traffic electronic information system数字电视接收设备内部开放总线规范Specification of inner open bus for digital televisionreceivers数字音频接口Digital audio interface数字功率放大器系统技术规范Specification of system technology for digital poweramplifier数字功率放大器性能测量方法Method of performance measurement for digital poweramplifier数字功率放大器通用规范General specification for digital power amplifier汽车彩色显示器通用技术条件General specification for bus video monitor卧式液相外延系统通用规范Generic regulation for horizontal liquid phase epitaxialsystem推板式高温隧道电窑通用规范Generic regulation for pusher type high temperatureelectro-heat tunnel kiln表面组装技术术语Terminology for surface mount technology彩色电视广播接收机技术参数要求Requirement of technology parameters for colourbroadcasting television receivers数字电视接收机及机顶盒外部接口规范Specification of outer interfaces for digital televisionreceivers and set-top boxes数字电视接收设备信道与信源间模块接口规范Specification of interfaces between channels and sourcesmodules for digital television receivers电子设备用固定电感器总规范(SJ2885-88)General specification for fixed inductors for use inelectronic equipment(SJ2885-88)电子设备用片式固定电感器空白详细规范Blank detail specification for chip fixed inductors foruse in electronic equipment电子设备用压敏电阻器第3部分：空白详细规范防雷指示型过电压保护器评定水平E Varistors for use in electronic equipmentPart3: Blank detail specification for lightning surgeprotective with fault-indicationAssessment level E电子设备用压敏电阻器第3部分：分规范防雷型压敏电阻器Varistors for use in electronic equipmentPart 3: Sectional specification for lightning protectionvaristors永磁铁氧体材料物理分析方法（SJ/T10411-93）Physical analysis methods for permanent ferritematerials永磁铁氧体材料(SJ/T10410-93)Permanent ferrite materials永磁铁氧体料粉(SJ/T10412-93)Permanent ferrite powder磁性氧化物制成的RM磁芯及其附件的尺寸(SJ/T2744-87)Dimensions of RM cores made of magnetic oxides andassociated parts电子工业用免清洗液态助焊剂NO- clean liquid soldering flux电子及电器工业用硅微粉（SJ/T10675-1995）Silicon dioxide micropowder for electronic andelectrical part信息技术鼠标器通用规范Information Technology—General specification for mouse面向对象领域工程指南Guide of object-oriented domain engineering面向对象的软件系统建模规范第1部分：概念与表示法Specification of object-oriented software systemmodelingPart1:Concept and notation面向对象的软件系统建模规范第3部分：文档编制Specification of object-oriented software systemmodelingPart3: documentation喷墨打印机用墨盒通用规范General specification for cartridge-spare part ofInk-Jet machine软磁铁氧体料粉Soft ferrite powder微波炉磁控管用永磁铁氧体磁体分规范Sectional specification for permanent ferrite magnetsfor microwave oven magnetron扬声器用永磁铁氧体磁体尺寸及公差Dimension and tolerance for permanent ferrite magnetsfor speakers互联网机顶盒通用规范Generic specification for Internet set-top box电子设备用压敏电阻器安全要求Safety requirements for varistors for use in electronicequipment电子设备的安全Safety of electronic equipment防静电周转容器通用规范General specification for reusable containers and boxesfor electrostatic protection中国标准化规范大全通用计量术语及定义General Terms in Metrology and Their Definitions国家计量检定规程编写规则The Rules for Drafting National Metrological Verification Regulation流量计量名词术语及定义Metrological Terms and Their Definitions for Flow Rate标准物资常用术语(试行)General Terms of Reference Material容量、密度计量名词术语及定义（试行）Terminology and Definitions for Measurement of Capacity Density罐内液体石油产品计量技术规范Technical Norm of the Measurement of Liquid Petroleum Products in Tanks计量器具定型通用规范The General Norm for Pattern Evaluation of Measuring Instruments计量器具定型鉴定规范的编写导则Rules for Drafting Norms of Pattern Evraluation of Measuring Instruments产品质量检验机构计量认证技术考核规范The Technical Examination Norm for Metrology Accreditation of Testing Unit for Testing of Product Quality 计量标准命名规范The Technical Norm of Designation for Metrological Standard计量器具的可靠性分析原则Technical Norm of Reliability Analysis Principle for Measuring Instruments测量误差及数据处理技术规范（试行）Technical Norm for Error of Measurements and Interpretation of Data计量标准考核规范Technical Norm of Check for Standard of Measurement工作计量器具命名与分类代码规范Norm of Designation for Working Measuring Instrument and its Classification Code燃油加油机税控装置技术规范The Technical Norm For Revenue Control Device of Fuel Dispenser测量不确定度评定与表示Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement税控燃油加油机定型鉴定大纲The Program for Pattern Evaluation of Fuel Dispensers with Revenue Function税控燃油加油机制造许可证考核规范The Examination Specification of Manufacturing Competence for Fuel Dispensers with Revenue Function法定计量检定机构考核规范Specification for the Examination of the Services of Legal Metrological Verification定量包装商品净含量计量检验规则The Rules of Metrological Inspection for Net Content of Prepackeged Commidity with Fixed Content国家校准规范编写导则The Rules for Drafting National Calibration Specifications膜式煤气表定型鉴定大纲The Program for Pattern Evaluation of Diaphragm GasMeters印制板用处理“E”玻璃纤维纸Specification for“E” glass paper for printed boards印制板用处理“E”玻璃纤维布Specification for finished fabric woven from “E” glass for printed boardsLED显示屏通用规范Generic specification for LED panelsLED显示屏测试方法Test methods for LED panels移动通信网室内分布系统标准Standard of indoor distributing system of mobile communication network宽带无线IP技术规范Broadband wireless IP Technology specification移动IP技术规范Mobile IP Technology specification应用于无线IP技术的网络安全规范Network security specification for wireless IP Technology无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范Wireless Lan Medium Access Control(MAC) and physical layer(PHY) specifications无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范2.4GHz频段较高速物理层扩展规范Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and physical layer(PHY) specifications: Higher- Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4GHz Band无线局域网媒体访问控制和物理层规范5GHz频段高速物理层扩展规范Wireless LAN Medium Access Control(MAC) and physical layer(PHY) specifications: High Speed Physical Layer in the 5GHz Band高速率无线IP移动通信系统标准The High-Date-Rate wireless Mobil IP communication system standard中小企业信息化技术规范Technical Specification for Informationalization of Middle and Small Enterprises中小企业信息化建设规范实施指南Guide for the Implementation of Informationalization Construction Specification of Middle and Small Enterprises阴极射线管玻壳检验规范Inspection standards for glass bulbs for cathode-ray tubes显像管玻壳型号命名方法The type designation for picture tube bulbs阴极射线管有效屏面缺陷规范Defect criteria in useful screen area for cathode ray tubes电子元器件详细规范MYS4、MYS5、MYS6、MYS8防雷指示型过电压保护器评定水平EDetail specifications of electronic and element device for lighting surge protective device with fault-indication of type MYS4、MYS5、MYS6、MYS8Assessment level E空调器用步进电动机详细规范Stepping motor for air conditioning detail specification空调器用无刷直流风机详细规范Brushless D.C blower for air conditioning detail specification数字式角度测量仪规范Digital clinometer综合智能交通电子信息系统技术体系规范Specification of technical system of integrated intelligent traffic electronic information system。
明清史英文术语
明清史英文术语
明清史，也被称为明史和清史，是中国历史的一个时期，涵盖了两个重要的朝代：明朝和清朝。
以下是一些关于明清史的英文术语：
1. Ming Dynasty：明朝
2. Qing Dynasty：清朝
3. Great Wall：长城
4. Emperor：皇帝
5. Empress：皇后
6. Prime Minister：丞相
7. Minister of War：兵部尚书
8. Minister of Revenue：户部尚书
9. Minister of Justice：刑部尚书
10. Imperial Examination：科举考试
11. Mandarin：官员
12. Eunuch：宦官
13. Mandala：沙盘
14. Yuan, Ming, and Qing Histories：《元史》、《明史》和《清史稿》
15. The History of the Ming Dynasty：《明史》
16. The History of the Qing Dynasty：《清史稿》
以上只是一些基础的术语，明清史涉及的领域广泛，包括政治、经济、文化、军事等，因此有更多的专业术语。
如需更详细的术语，建议查阅英文文献或专业书籍。
历史学英语词汇大全了解历史学理论与历史事件的专业术语
历史学英语词汇大全了解历史学理论与历史事件的专业术语历史学英语词汇大全：了解历史学理论与历史事件的专业术语历史学是研究过去的人类社会发展过程的学科，它深入研究历史事件、历史理论等内容。
随着全球化的进程，历史学的研究范围也不断扩大，历史学英语词汇作为学科专业术语的一部分，对于学习和理解历史学理论与历史事件起着重要的作用。
下文将为您介绍一些常用的历史学英语词汇，帮助您更好地了解历史学领域。
1. Historiography（历史学方法论）：研究历史学研究方法的学科。
历史学家通过采用不同的方法和视角，对历史事件进行研究和解释。
2. Primary sources（一手资料）：直接反映历史事件发生情况的原始历史资料，如古代文献、手稿、照片、报纸等。
3. Secondary sources（二手资料）：在一手资料的基础上加工整理而形成的历史学研究成果，如历史学著作、论文和综述等。
4. Archives（档案）：保存历史遗留下来的一手资料的机构，如国家档案馆、图书馆、博物馆等。
5. Historicism（历史唯物主义）：一种历史学理论，认为社会、经济和政治环境是影响历史事件发生和发展的主要因素。
6. Intertextuality（互文性）：历史事件之间的相互关联和互相影响的现象，在历史研究中起着重要作用。
7. Oral history（口述历史）：通过口头传承的方式记录和研究历史事件，尤其是平民百姓的视角和经历。
8. Historically significant（具有历史意义的）：指对于历史发展有重要影响或重大意义的事件、人物或现象。
9. Historical context（历史背景）：指历史事件发生时的社会、政治、经济、文化等方面的条件和环境。
10. Historiographical debate（历史学术争论）：历史学领域不同学者对于某一历史问题或事件的观点和解释存在分歧的辩论。
11. Primary research（一手研究）：历史学研究者自行收集和分析一手资料来探索历史问题。
初中历史单词大全分类(带音标完美打印版)
初中历史单词大全分类(带音标完美打印版)初中历史单词大全分类（带音标完美打印版）古代文明1. civilization [sɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃən] - 文明2. ancient [ˈeɪnʃənt] - 古代的3. monument ['mɑnjʊmənt] - 纪念碑4. dynasty ['daɪ.nə.s.ti] - 朝代5. emperor ['ɛmpərər] - 皇帝中世纪1. castle ['kæsl] - 城堡2. knight [naɪt] - 骑士3. feudalism ['fjuː.də.lɪ.zəm] - 封建制度4. monastery ['mɑ.nə.stɛ.ri] - 修道院5. plague [pleɪɡ] - 瘟疫文艺复兴1. Renaissance ['rɛnəˌsɑːns] - 文艺复兴2. art [ɑːrt] - 艺术3. sculpture ['skʌlpʧər] - 雕塑4. literature ['lɪtərə.tʃər] - 文学5. architect ['ɑːr.kɪ.tɛkt] - 建筑师革命与战争1. revolution [ˌrɛvəˈluʃən] - 革命2. independence [ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns] - 独立3. rebellion [rɪˈbɛljən] - 叛乱4. warfare ['wɔrˌfɛr] - 战争5. treaty ['triːti] - 条约近现代史1. industrialization [ɪnˌdʌstriː.ə.laɪ'zeɪʃən] - 工业化2. revolution [ˌrɛvəˈluʃən] - 革命3. colonization [kɑː.lə.nɪˈzeɪʃən] - 殖民地化4. nationalism ['næʃ.nə.lɪ.zəm] - 民族主义5. globalization ['ɡloʊbə.lə.zeɪ'sən] - 全球化以上是初中历史单词大全分类带音标的完美打印版。
各科科目的英语单词。
各科科目的英语单词。
课程科目的英语单词英语作为国际通用语言，在各个领域中都有广泛的应用，尤其在教育领域中更是不可或缺的一门功课。
为了帮助大家更好地学习英语，掌握各个科目的专业词汇，我为您整理了以下各科科目的英语单词，希望对您有所帮助。
1. 数学 (Mathematics)- 加法 (Addition)- 减法 (Subtraction)- 乘法 (Multiplication)- 除法 (Division)- 相等 (Equality)- 不等 (Inequality)- 四则运算 (Arithmetic)- 几何 (Geometry)- 代数 (Algebra)- 概率 (Probability)- 统计学 (Statistics)- 数据分析 (Data analysis)2. 物理 (Physics)- 力 (Force)- 质量 (Mass)- 加速度 (Acceleration)- 速度 (Velocity)- 能量 (Energy)- 功率 (Power)- 重力 (Gravity)- 光学 (Optics)- 音响 (Acoustics)- 电磁学 (Electromagnetism)- 分子物理学 (Molecular Physics)- 热力学 (Thermodynamics)3. 化学 (Chemistry)- 元素 (Element)- 化合物 (Compound)- 分子 (Molecule)- 反应 (Reaction)- 酸碱度 (pH)- 氧化还原 (Redox)- 离子 (Ion)- 摩尔质量 (Molar mass)- 气体 (Gas)- 溶液 (Solution)- 电解质 (Electrolyte)- 化学平衡 (Chemical equilibrium) 4. 生物学 (Biology)- 细胞 (Cell)- 遗传 (Genetics)- 进化 (Evolution)- 生物多样性 (Biodiversity)- 基因 (Gene)- 呼吸系统 (Respiratory system)- 循环系统 (Circulatory system)- 消化系统 (Digestive system)- 生态系统 (Ecosystem)- 内分泌系统 (Endocrine system)5. 历史 (History)- 文明 (Civilization)- 太阳神 (Sun god)- 法老 (Pharaoh)- 帝国 (Empire)- 世界大战 (World War)- 革命 (Revolution)- 独立 (Independence)- 殖民地 (Colony)- 国家 (Nation)- 领土 (Territory)- 皇帝 (Emperor)- 冷战 (Cold War)6. 地理 (Geography)- 大陆 (Continent)- 海洋 (Ocean)- 河流 (River)- 山脉 (Mountain range)- 气候 (Climate)- 自然资源 (Natural resources)- 活动板块 (Tectonic plates)- 首都 (Capital)- 城市 (City)- 地球环境 (Earth's environment)- 地形 (Topography)- 农业 (Agriculture)7. 政治 (Political Science)- 政府 (Government)- 民主 (Democracy)- 独裁 (Dictatorship)- 选举 (Election)- 政治体制 (Political system)- 政治理念 (Political ideology)- 国际关系 (International relations) - 政党 (Political party)- 宪法 (Constitution)- 经济体制 (Economic system)- 社会福利 (Social welfare)- 军事 (Military)8. 文学 (Literature)- 作者 (Author)- 诗歌 (Poetry)- 小说 (Novel)- 戏剧 (Drama)- 散文 (Prose)- 传记 (Biography)- 文学作品 (Literary works)- 文学流派 (Literary genre)- 文学评论 (Literary criticism)- 文学史 (Literary history)- 文学奖 (Literary award)- 典籍 (Classics)以上是各个科目的一些英语单词，他们是各个科目中非常重要的基础词汇，希望能对您的英语学习有所帮助。
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Unit 1history ['histri] n. 历史，历史学narrative ['n?r?tiv] n. 记事，叙事Herodotus [h?'r?d?t?s] n. 希罗多德circa ['s?:k?] prep. （拉丁语）大约（简写c., ca., cir., circ., C.）Thucydides [θju'sid?di:z] n. 修昔底德chronological [.kr?n?'l?d?ik?l] adj. 年代学的，按年代顺序的territorial [.teri't?:ri?l] adj. 区域性的，地方性的thematically [θi'm?tikli] adv. 按主题方式，按专题方式Big History 大历史（学派）archaeology [.ɑ:ki'?l?d?i] n. 考古学methodology [.meθ?'d?l?d?i] n. 方法论approach [?'pr?ut?] n. 研究方法discipline ['disiplin] n. 学科perspective [p?'spektiv] n. 观点the humanities [hju:'m?nitiz] 人文学科the social sciences 社会科学classification [.kl?sifi'kei??n] n. 分类anthropology [.?nθr?'p?l?d?i] n. 人类学global history 全球史historiography [.hist?:ri'?gr?fi] n. 历史编纂学，史学史，文献学biographical [.bai?'gr?fik?l] adj. 传记的，传记体的thematic [θi'm?tik] adj. 主题的，专题的medieval [medi'i:v?l] adj. 中世纪的philosophy of history 历史哲学meta-level ['met? 'lev?l]总体层面，元级teleological [.teli'?l?d?ik?l] adj. 目的论的diplomatic [.dipl?'m?tik] adj. 外交的historical method 史学方法primary sources 原始材料epistemology [i.pisti'm?l?d?i] n. 认识论Peloponnesian [.pel?p?'ni:??n] adj. 伯罗奔尼撒半岛的divine [di'vain] adj. 神的，神圣的chronology [kr?'n?l?d?i] n. 编年史cyclical ['saiklikl] adj. 循环的posthumous ['p?stjum?s] adj. 身后的，死后的dynastic [dai'n?stik] adj. 王朝的Saint Augustine [seint ?:'g?stin] n. 圣奥古斯丁Christian ['kristj?n] adj. 基督教的，基督教徒的the Renaissance [r?'neis?ns] n. 文艺复兴，文艺复兴时期religious [ri'lid??s] adj. 宗教的Hegel ['heigl] n. 黑格尔secular ['sekjul?] adj. 世俗的Ranke [r??k] n. 兰克epic ['epik] adj. 史诗的，叙事的；史诗，叙事诗nationalistic [.n???n?l'istik] adj. 民族主义的Fernand Braudel [fer'nan br?'del] 费尔南?布罗代尔Le Roy Ladurie [l? rwa ladju'ri:] 拉鲁瓦?拉杜里Marc Bloch [mark bl?k] 马克?布洛克Lucien Febvre [lysj?n fevr] 吕西安?费弗尔multi-disciplinary [.m?lti'disiplin?ri] adj. 多学科的the Annales ['?n?lz] School 年鉴学派quantitative history 数量史学raw data 原始数据ethnic ['eθnik] adj. 族群的，族裔的racial ['rei??l] adj. 种族的genre ['?ɑ:nr?] n. 类型，流派，风格history of everyday life 日常生活史Marxist ['mɑ:ksist] adj., n. 马克思主义（者）的；马克思主义者Eric Hobsbawm ['erik 'h?bsb?m] 埃里克?霍布斯鲍姆Georges Lefebvre [??r? l?'fevr] 乔治?勒费弗尔Fran?ois Furet [fran'swa fy're] 弗朗索瓦?弗雷Roland Mousnier [r?'lan mu:'njei] 罗兰?穆尼埃anti-Marxist adj. 反马克思主义的feminist ['feminist] adj. 女性主义的，女权主义的；女权主义者postmodernist [.p?ust'm?d?rnist] n., adj. 后现代主义者；后现代主义（者）的Richard Evans ['rit??d 'ev?nz] 理查德?埃文斯Keith Windschuttle [keiθ 'win??tl] 凯斯?温修德historical periodization [pi?ri?dai'zei??n] 历史分期classificatory [.kl?sifi'keit?ri] adj. 类别的，分类上的retrospective [.retr?u'spektiv] adj. 事后回想的，回顾的the Gilded Age 镀金时代the Dark Age(s) 黑暗时代the First World War 第一次世界大战decimal ['desim?l] adj. 十进法的，以十为基础的talismanic [.t?liz'm?nik] adj. 护符（般）的，有护符般效力的the Victorian [vik't?:ri?n] Era 维多利亚时代the Napoleonic [n?.p?uli'?nik] Era 拿破仑时代the Meiji ['mei'd?i:] Era 明治时代the Merovingian [.m?r?'vind?i?n] Period 墨洛温王朝时期Romantic [r?'m?ntik] period 浪漫主义时期the sexual ['seksju?l] revolution 性革命conservative [k?n's?:v?tiv] adj. 保守的Roman Catholic ['k?θ?lik] culture 罗马天主教文化Franco ['fr??k?u] n. 弗朗哥Unit 2primitive culture 原始文化Paul Tournal [p?l turnal] 保罗·杜纳尔anté-historique ['a:?tei 'ist?rik] n.（法语）史前的prehistoric ['pri:his't?rik] n. 史前的Daniel Wilson ['d?nj?l 'wilsn] 丹尼尔·威尔逊prehistorian [pri:hi'st?:ri?n] n. 从事史前史研究的专家，史前史学家the Stone Age 石器时代the Bronze Age 青铜器时代the Iron Age 铁器时代excavation [.eksk?'vei??n] n. 发掘geologic [d?i?'l?d?ik] adj. 地质学的geographic [d?i?'gr?fik] adj. 地理学的literate ['lit?rit] adj. 识字的，有文化的geneticist [d?i'netisist] n. 遗传学家linguist ['li?gwist] n. 语言学家paleontology [.p?li?n't?l?d?i] n. 古生物学biology [bai'?l?d?i] n. 生物学geology [d?i'?l?d?i] n. 地质学archaeoastronomy [.ɑ:ki?u?s'tr?n?mi] n. 考古天文学linguistics [li?'gwistiks] n. 语言学molecular [m?'lekjul?] adj. 分子的genetics [d?i'netiks] n. 遗传学archaeological [.a:ki?'l?d?ik?l] adj. 考古的，考古学上的artifact ['ɑ:tif?kt] n. 人工制品anonymous [?'n?nim?s] adj. 无名无姓的，匿名的Neanderthal [ni'?nd?tɑ:l] n. 尼安德特人academic [.?k?'demik] adj. 学术上的，从事学术研究的New Guinea [nju: 'gini] n. 新几内亚Paleolithic [.p?li?u'liθik] n. 旧石器时代；adj. 旧石器时代的the Lower Paleolithic 旧石器时代早期Homo sapiens ['h?um?u 'seipienz] n. 智人（现代人的学名）Homo habilis ['h?um?u 'h?bilis] n. 能人species ['spi:?i:z] n. 种类，物种usher ['???] vi. 引入，引导anatomic [.?n?'t?mik] adj. 解剖学上的burial ['beri?l] n. 埋葬，葬礼，坟墓sophisticated [s?'fisti.keitid] adj. 复杂的，精密的，老练的highlight ['hailait] n. 精彩部分，闪光点the Middle Paleolithic 旧石器时代中期the Cro-Magnon ['kr??'m?nj??] n. 克罗马尼翁人nomadic [n?u'm?dik] adj. 游牧的，游牧民族的，流浪的hunter-gatherer n. 捕猎采集者egalitarian [i.g?li't??ri?n] adj. 平等主义的sedentary ['sed?n.t?ri] adj. 定居的，固定不动的chiefdom ['t?i:fd?m] n. 首领的地位，首领的权威stratification [.str?tifi'kei??n] n. 分层indigenous [in'did?in?s] adj. 土着的，土生土长的，本地的the Upper Paleolithic 旧石器时代晚期Mesolithic [.mes?'liθik] n. 中石器时代；adj. 中石器时代的the Middle Stone Age 中石器时代Neolithic [.ni:?u'liθik] n. 新石器时代；adj. 新石器时代的Pleistocene ['plaist?usi:n] n. 更新世；adj. 更新世的millennia [mi'leni?] (millenniums) n. 数千年marshland ['mɑ:?l?nd] n. 沼泽地midden ['midn] n. 贝冢deforestation [.di:f?ris'tei??n] n. 森林开发，滥发森林composite ['k?mp?zit] adj. 合成的，复合的flint [flint] n. 极硬的东西，打火石microlith ['maikr?liθ] n. 细石器microburin [.maikr?'bju?rin] n. 小雕刻刀tackle ['t?k?l] n. 用具，滑车adze, adz [?dz] n. 锛子canoe [k?'nu:] n. 独木舟bow [b?u] n. 弓the New Stone Age 新石器时代domestication [d?.mesti'kei??n] n. 驯养，驯化warfare ['w?:f??] n. 战争，战事Stonehenge ['st?un'hend?] n. 巨石阵millennium [mi'leni?m] n. 一千年Sumerians [su:'miri?ns] n. 苏美尔人Peru [p?'ru:] n. 秘鲁Mesoamerica [.mez?u?'merik?] n. 中美洲the Fertile Crescent ['kres?nt] n. 新月沃地（西亚伊拉克两河流域连接叙利亚一带地中海东岸的一片弧形地区，为上古文明发源地之一）irrigation [.iri'gei??n] n. 灌溉the Metal Age 金属时代Chalcolithic [.k?lk?'liθik] n. 铜石并用时代；adj. 铜石并用时代的the Old World 旧大陆，东半球（尤指欧洲）metallurgy [me't?l?d?i] n. 冶金术，冶金学metalworking ['met?l.w?:ki?] n. 金属加工tin [tin] n. 锡outcropping ['autkr?pi?] n. 露出，露出地表arsenic ['ɑ:s?nik] n. 砷，砒霜ferrous ['fer?s] adj. 含铁的cradle ['kreid?l] n. 摇篮，发源地valley ['v?li] n. 流域Euphrates [ju:'freiti:z] n. 幼发拉底河Tigris ['taigris] n. 底格里斯河Mesopotamia [.mes?p?'teimi?] n. 两河流域Nile [nail] n. 尼罗河Indus ['ind?s] n. 印度河subcontinent [s?b'k?ntin?nt] n. 次大陆adjacent [?'d?eis?nt] adj. 临近的implement ['implim?nt] n. 工具，器具ornament ['?:n?m?nt] n. 装饰物，装饰。