中国一季度GDP增长只有5%?看花旗在表演什么?

合集下载

药学概论-1

药学概论-1

penicillin acylase
药物
H H
全合成药物 全合成药物
化学合成药物 Me S H2 N 半合成药物 半合成药物 N Me O COOH 基因工程药物
6-APA
化学合成药物
药物的基本来源
Partinal synthesis 9.5%

根据药物的用途
化学治疗药物������
抗肿瘤药物….
1885年,从麻黄中提取出麻黄素和伪麻黄素。
罂粟
颠茄
金鸡纳树
古柯
茶叶
古柯碱 -苯佐卡因 -优卡因- 普鲁卡因

1856年,从古柯树叶中得到古柯碱。 1865年,化学家洛逊(Lossen)将古柯碱完全水解,得到三种成 分:爱康宁(托品环)、苯甲酸和甲醇。

1890年,化学家制得结构较为简单的对-氨基苯甲酸乙酯(苯 佐卡因),发现也有局麻作用,此药被称作麻因。


二、我国药物化学的发展现状
自改革开放以来,我国医药工业发展速度加快,以每年约 20%的发展速度递增,医药工业总产值由1978年的64亿元增加 到2000年的2330亿元。但与发达国家相比,我国的医药总产值 还相当低,亟待发展。
化学合成药物研究的现状
1、科研经费严重不足 医药工业规模太小,中小企业居多, 大多企业无优势品种,生产利润低微,一般挣扎在盈亏平衡线 上。因此根本无力创建自己的研发体系。大多数企业由于资金 不足,连基本科研仪器也很难配齐,仪器落后,技术落后,根 本不具备仿制国外专利药品的能力。
复方磺胺甲恶唑片
磺酰胺类药物

甾体激素类药物如肾上腺皮质激素和性激素的广泛研 究和应用,对调整内分泌失调起重要作用。

以青霉素为代表的抗生素的出现和半合成抗生素的研 究、神经系统药物、心脑血管治疗药以及恶性肿瘤的 化学治疗等都显示出很大的进步。 从药物化学的角度看,

光伏电池---硅片的刻蚀

光伏电池---硅片的刻蚀

边缘刻蚀原理反应方程式: 3Si + 4HNO3+18HF =3H2 [SiF6] + 4NO2 ↑ + 8H2O
6
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
2.2 去PSG原理:
SiO2+4HF=SiF4+2H2O SiF4+2HF=H2[SiF6] SiO2+ 6HF=H2[SiF6]+2H2O 去PSG工序检验方法: 当硅片从HF槽出来时,观察其表面是否脱水,如果脱水, 则表明磷硅玻璃已去除干净;如果表面还沾有水珠,则表明源自 完成安排的其他工作
工程师:


关注当天的效率、碎片率、良品率等参数、化学品用量,对于出现的外观不良、漏电或是 效率低下等异常,及时联系其余工序的工程师进行排查。
确定工艺方案与工艺控制参数(腐蚀量、刻蚀线宽),药液使用寿命以及设备维护周期, 上报主管工程师。 对于日常工作中,根据需要,与其他职能部门(如设备、生产等部门)进行沟通,共同寻 找解决问题的方案。 对于助理工程师汇报的异常情况,视情况到场解决或是电话给出解决方案,若不能解决的, 及时通知工艺主管。 定期进行刻蚀参数优化实验或是安排刻蚀异常时的排查实验,根据实验结果提出改进措施。 负责编写刻蚀工段的工艺文件、作业指导书,并组织相关人员进行学习。

作为工艺人员在生产过程中,如果发现机器碎片,
一方面应该提醒产线员工注意放片规范,减少叠片和歪 片;另一方面,应巡查上述主要地方,及时找到并清理 在设备中残留的碎片,杜绝更多碎片的产生。
4.4 吹不干 调整吹干气体流量,无效果,通知设备。

当班过程中,检查生产人员的无尘服穿戴、
上下片操作手法以及工艺卫生状况是否符合要求,

天堂茶话-孔子与老子天堂对谈录

天堂茶话-孔子与老子天堂对谈录

�员究研所究研化文国中部化文�宁军刘
谈列系义主由自道天—— 录谈对堂天子老与子孔�话茶堂天
i
78 ..................................................................................... 道之善慈 七十七之话茶堂天 58 ..................................................................................... 难多税多 五十七之话茶堂天 38 ................................................................................. �道之武文 八十六之话茶堂天 08 ..................................................................................... 宝三邦安 七十六之话茶堂天 87 ..................................................................................... 为无为有 六十六之话茶堂天 67 .............................................................................................................................................................. 光之慎审 四十六之话茶堂天 17 ..................................................................................... 德以怨报 三十六之话茶堂天 96 ..................................................................................... 尊至格人 二十六之话茶堂天 76 ..................................................................................... 道之国大 一十六之话茶堂天 56 ..................................................................................... 下天临道 十六之话茶堂天 26 ..................................................................................... 心之心无 九十四之话茶堂天 06 ..................................................................................... 成若缺大 五十四之话茶堂天 75 ..................................................................................... 天关命人 四十四之话茶堂天 65 ..................................................................................... 言无教大 三十四之话茶堂天 45 ..................................................................................... 下益上损 二十四之话茶堂天 15 ..................................................................................... 品下品上 一十四之话茶堂天 94 ..................................................................................... 动反亦道 十四之话茶堂天 64 ................................................................................. �贱孰贵孰 九十三之话茶堂天 44 ..................................................................................... 德于高道 八十三之话茶堂天 14 ..................................................................................... 保不夕朝 三十二之话茶堂天 93 ..................................................................................... 争民与不 二十二之话茶堂天 73 ..................................................................................... 众容道天 一十二之话茶堂天 43 ..................................................................................... 我是就我 十二之话茶堂天 13 ..................................................................................... 今古贯道 四十之话茶堂天 82 ..................................................................................... 生重身贵 三十之话茶堂天 62 ..................................................................................... 道之福幸 二十之话茶堂天 42 ..................................................................................... 有于高无 一十之话茶堂天 22 ......................................................................................... �下孰上孰 十之话茶堂天 91 ............................................................................................. 退身成功 九之话茶堂天 71 ............................................................................................. 水若道政 八之话茶堂天 51 ............................................................................................. 后居下处 七之话茶堂天 31 ............................................................................................. 神女若道 六之话茶堂天 01 ............................................................................................. 等平而生 五之话茶堂天 8 ............................................................................................... 道天政宪 四之话茶堂天 5 ............................................................................................... 贤伤贤尚 三之话茶堂天 3 ............................................................................................... 对不反不 二之话茶堂天 1 ......................................................................................... 谬之”律规“ 一之话茶堂天

乡村振兴国际经验比较与启示--以日本、韩国、欧盟为例

乡村振兴国际经验比较与启示--以日本、韩国、欧盟为例
收 稿 日 期 :2018G06G28. 作者简介:冯勇,农业农村部对外经济合作中心副主任、副研究 员,研究方向:农业多双边国际合作;吴瑞成,农业农村部对外经济 合作中心助理研究员,研究方向:农业多双边国际合作. 通信作者:刘志颐,农业农村部对外经济合作中心投资政策处副 研究员,研究方向:农业对外投资合作.
1 问题与挑战:国际 典 型 地 区 乡 村 振 兴 提 出 的动因
日本、韩国和欧盟各国家在第二次世界大战后,
各国农村满目疮痍,农业生产不能保障本国基本粮 食供应,对国际农产品市场高度依赖,日本政府制 定了一系列保护自耕农的制度和措施,韩国为促进 经济发展5年计划推行了一系列促进粮食生产的政 策 和 措 施, 欧 洲 共 同 体 实 施 共 同 农 业 政 策 (CommonAgriculturalPolicy,CAP), 以 此 提 高 农 业生产率、保持农产品价格和市场稳定、促进农业 发展和确保农产品有效供给,但由于日本、韩国和 欧洲经济重心主要集中在工业和城镇化上,到 20 世 纪60—70年代,各国工农业发展严重失衡、区域 性 生态环境问题日趋严重,农村青壮年劳动力大量向 城市转移,农村过疏化问题严重,日本、韩国分别 开始实施以 振 兴 产 业 为 核 心 的 “乡 村 振 兴 运 动” 和 以改善乡村生活环境、促进农业发展、提高农民收 入水平为主要内容的 “新村运动”,欧盟也不断调整 共同农业政策体系.
学术界对日本、韩国、欧盟等国际典型地区不 同发展阶段的 “三 农” 问 题、 政 策、 举 措 和 模 式 的 分析,为 本 文 的 深 入 研 究 提 供 了 一 定 启 发. 然 而, 中国在实施乡村振兴战略的新时代背景下,如何立 足国情农 情, 准 确 把 握 “三 农 ” 问 题 的 重 点 要 点, 如何从乡村产业、人才、文化、生态和组织振兴等 方面制定更加系统可行的乡村振兴政策体系,推进 乡村振兴战略实施成功落地,则需要系统总结和比 较分析 日 本、 韩 国、 欧 盟 等 国 际 典 型 地 区 的 经 验, 认真梳理其中具有可比性和经验借鉴性的政策举措 和成效做法,力求为中国制定乡村振兴战略支持政 策提供经验借鉴,为各级政府大力实施乡村振兴战 略提供着力点.

小体重样取法-----

小体重样取法-----

一、矿石体重采样
(一)涂腊法:按不同品级采集,样品直径约5-10厘米,采集还应考虑不同类型,不同深度、均匀分布。

在1978年颁布的“金属非金属矿产地质普查勘探采样规定及方法”中要求每类型采样不少于20-30个,我们意见主要类型不少于20-30个,规模大的矿床数量还要增加,其他类型采样数量按占矿石量的比例而决定为宜。

这类样品采回后立即称重,然后及时涂腊,因为这里测定是湿体重。

测定方法是根据阿基米德定律采用涂腊排水法求得体积进行计算。

计算公式:
D=
W
V−W1−W
d
式中:D—矿石体重;
W-样品在空气中称得重量;
W1-样品涂腊后称得重量;
V—样品涂腊后体积(即排水体积)
d—腊的比重(一般取0.93)
烘干后,在称样品干体重(P2),按下列公式求得温度(W)。

W=P1−P2
P1
×100%
因为前面所求的体重都是湿体重,其计算公式为:
D1=D×100−W 100
当矿石致密,温度不大时就不必作此项校正。

二、矿石湿度采样
温度样品要求与小体重样同一地点采集或就用小体重样品测定湿度。

因湿度与矿石的孔隙度、季节、地下水面。

取样深度有关。

所有采集要在不同的矿石类型,不同深度,不同季节来采集,样品重300-500克,每种类型矿石不小于15-20个,湿度的测定方法是把所取样品及时称重(P1),然后烘干。

国开(内蒙古)02152-操作系统-形考作业2参考答案

国开(内蒙古)02152-操作系统-形考作业2参考答案

国开(内蒙古)02152-操作系统-形考作业2参考答案说明:如果课程题目是随机的,请按CTRL+F在题库中逐一搜索每一道题的答案特殊说明请仔细:课程的题目每学期都可能更换,所以请仔细核对是不是您需要的题目再下载!!!!题目1:9.在操作系统中,作业处于()状态时,已处于进程的管理之下。

: 阻塞; 后备; 完成; 执行参考答案:执行题目2:10.作业一旦进入内存即为执行状态,与之相关的进程在作业进入内存时予以创建,该进程的初始状态为()。

: 就绪态; 运行态; 提交态; 阻塞态参考答案:就绪态题目3:15.现有3个作业同时到达,每个作业的计算时间都是1小时,它们在一台CPU 上按单道方式运行,则平均周转时间为()小时。

: 2; 1; 6; 3参考答案:2题目4:14.设某作业进入输入井的时间为S,开始运行的时间为R,得到计算结果的时间为E,则该作业的周转时间T为()。

: T=E-R; T=(S+R)+ E; T=E-S; T=E-(S+R)参考答案:T=E-S题目5:11.进程调度是根据一定的调度算法,从()队列中挑选出合适的进程。

: 就绪; 等待; 运行; 阻塞参考答案:就绪题目6:3.作业生存期共经历四个状态,它们是提交、后备、()和完成。

: 等待; 执行; 就绪参考答案:执行题目7:18. 在分页系统环境下,程序员编制的程序,其地址空间是连续的,分页是由()完成的。

: 编译地址; 程序员; 系统; 用户参考答案:系统题目8:12. 固定分区中各分区的大小是()。

: 相同或者不同,但预先固定; 相同的; 随进程个数而定; 根据进程要求确定参考答案:相同或者不同,但预先固定题目9:1. 通常,用户编写的程序中所使用的地址是()。

: 内存地址; 绝对地址; 逻辑地址; 物理地址参考答案:逻辑地址题目10:16. 最容易形成很多小碎片的可变分区算法是()。

: 以上都不是; 位示图法; 最佳适应算法; 最先适应算法参考答案:最佳适应算法题目11:22. 虚拟存储技术是()。

中文版ISO14731-2006

中文版ISO14731-2006

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部编七年级语文上册一课一练生字临摹练字帖(7-11课)

部编七年级语文上册一课一练生字临摹练字帖(7-11课)

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I--巧之书-汲c -I I II I, I , ,I IJ 串今_I I I , , II I I ,I I I , , , II I , 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r --一一,一一一---r -----.---一一,---,II , I, , I ,I I,IIII,II ,I I I ,, ,, II I I 觅II I , , , , II I ---'---__ .J ___ ___ L __---'---__上_____ L __ __ J ___ ___ J.. __ ---'---__ .J ___,I I , I , , ,I I I II , I , I ,I I , ,I I II I I I I ,,II , ,I, ,I I II I I I , , II I I 跪III, , I, II I 一一一1一一一一一才一一一---r--一一一1一一一一一于一一---�--一一�------;---一一一1一一一一一才一一一, , I, , , , I II, ,I ,I, , , ,,II I I ,, II II I 拗I I I , ,, , I I IIII , , , III ---,一一一--勹---一--,-----,一一一--;--------------一一-j" -----,一一一--勹---, II , ,, , , ,I ,,I, , II,II,I I I , , , , I I I 确I II , , , , II I ---•-----.J ------L ----_,_ --一一.l -----L -----'---一一一L -----•---__ J ___,II , I , , , I , I ,I , II, , I I I I I , , , , I I I II I I , , , ,I I I 击II I , , , , II I , I , , , , , , II 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r--一一一,一一一--�-----r ----, 一一一---r --一一一,一一一一一,一一一,I I , , I, , , I I II, , , I I I III I I , , ,I II I 轻III , , I, , ,I --_,_ --__ J ___ ---L----_,_ ----.1 -----L--__ J ___ ___ J. __ ---'-----」---II,, , II, I I I I I , , , ,I I I II I, , , , III ,, I , , , , , , , , 捷, I, , , II, , I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--...-----�----�------... --一一一1一一一----4 ---I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I _IIIIIII I I I勺穴一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----, 一一一---r ----------, 一一一I I I I I I I I I I II II II IIIII宵I I I I I I I I I I III IIII II I---·---__ J ___ ---L----_,_ ----上-----L --__ .J ___ ___ i_ __---·---__ .J ___I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I II I , I I I ,I I I ,伪I ,I I I I I I , , II I I I III , , 一一一1一一一一一勹一一一---t"---一一一1一一一一一才一一---r--一一-1---一一一于一一一一一1一一一一一勹一一一I I I I I I I I I I I IIIII I I I II I I I I I I I I I I 若I I IIIIIIII---·---__ J ___ ___ L __--__ --__上_____ ___ ___ ___ ___ !_ __ ---·---__ J ___I I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I III I IIII II 一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--�-----�----�---一一一*--一一一1一一一--�---I I I I I I I I I II I III I I II ,I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 赏II I I I I I I I I , III IIIIII ---.---一一,------r--一一一,一一一--1-----r----勹一一一---r -----.-----,---I I I I I I I I !,IIIII IIII I第七课部编七年级语文上册一课一练生字临摹练字帖(7-11课)II II , II I,I I 啄、一,II, , , ,II I一一一1一一一--,-4'一一一---►----_,_----... -----�----�---一一一..--一一一1一一一--,-4 ---I I I , ,,I II I ,,I ,I,I,I , II I I I,I, ,I I食I I I , , II I I , III, , ,I II, 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r --一一,一一一---r -----.---一一,---,II ,I , , I , I I ,I III,I I ,II I , , , , II I I 和III, , , ,II I---'---__ .J ___ ___ L __ ---'---上___ L __ __ J ___ ___ J.. __ ---'---__ .J ___,I I , I , , , I I I I I , I , I , I I , ,I I II I I I I , ,I I , , I , ,I I 锅立一I I I I , ,II I I II I, , I, III 一一一1一一一一一才一一一---r --一一一1一一一一一于一一---�--一一�------;---一一一1一一一一一才一一一, ,I , , , , II I,,I, I, , ,,,II I I , , I II I I 恭I I I , , , ,I I III I, , , III---,一一一--勹---一--,-----,一一一--;--------------一一-j" -----,一一一--勹---, II , , , , ,,I ,,I, , I I,I I ,I I I , , , , I I I 敬I I I , , , ,II I ---•-----.J ------L----_,_ --一一.l -----L-----'---一一一L-----•---__ J ___,II , I , , , I ,I ,I , II, ,I I I I I I , , , , I I I II I I , , , , I I I 质II I, , , , II I ,I, , , , , ,II一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r ----, 一一一---r --一一一,一一一一一,一一一,I I , , I, , ,I I I I, , ,I I IIII I I , , ,IIII 朴I I I , , I , , ,I --__--__ J ___ ---L----_,_ ----.1 -----L--__ J ___ ___ J. __ ---'-----」---I I , , , II, I I I I I , , , , I I I III I, , , ,III博, I ,,,,,,, ,, I,,,I I,, I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--... -----�----�------... --一一一1一一一----4 ---I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 芍必:-I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----, 一一一---r ----------, 一一一I I I I I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIIII I I I I I I I I I 渊I IIIIIIII I ---·---__ J ___---L----_,_----上-----L--__ .J ___ ___ i_ __---·---__ .J ___I I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I III ,I I I ,I I I , 博I ,I I I I I I , , I I I I I III , ,一一一1一一一一一勹一一一---t"---一一一1一一一一一才一一---r --一一-1---一一一于一一一一一1一一一一一勹一一一I I I I I I I I I I IIIIIII I II I II I I I I I I I I 俐I IIIIIIII I---·---__ J ______ L __ --__--上___ , ___ ___ , ___ ___ !_ __---·---__ J ___I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IIIIIIII I I I I I I I I I I I I 优-II I I II I I I I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--�-----�----�---一一一*--一一一1一一一--�---I I I I I I I I I I I I III I I II ,I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 沭II I I I I I I I I ,II I IIII II---.---一一,------r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----勹一一一---r -----.-----,---I I I I I I I I !,III I IIIIIIII I I I ,I , ,I I灰平、- I I I , , II I I , III, , , I II, 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r--一一,一一一---r-----.---一一,---,II,I, ,I ,II,IIII,II , II I ,, , , II I I 甲III, , , ,I I I---'---__ .J ___ ___ L __---'---上___ L __ __ J ______ J.. __ ---'---__ .J ___, II , I , , , I I I II ,I , I ,I I , ,I III III I ,,I I ,, I, ,I I 绅II I I , ,II I I III ,, I, II I 一一一1一一一一一才一一一---r--一一一1一一一一一于一一---�--一一�------;---一一一1一一一一一才一一一, ,I ,,, , I II,,I ,I, , , , , I I I I , , I I I I I II I I , , , ,I I IIII, , , I I I---,一一一--勹---一--,-----,一一一--;--------------一一-j" -----,一一一--勹---, II, , , , , , I ,,I , ,I I , I I ,II I , , , , I I I 人-I II , , , , II I ---•-----.J ------L ----_,_ --一一.l -----L -----'---一一一L -----•---__ J ___,I I , I , , ,I , I ,I , II, ,I I I I I I , , , , I I I II I I , , , ,I I I 迹II I, , , , II I ,I, , , , , , II一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r ----, 一一一---r--一一一,一一一一一,一一一,I I , , I, , ,I III, , ,I I I I I II I , , ,I II I _于,了-I I I, , I, , , I --__ --__ J ___ ---L----_,_ ----.1 -----L--__ J ______ J. __ ---'-----」---I I,, , II, I I I I I , , , ,I I I III, , , ,III , ,I, , , , , , , , 至-,I, , , I I, , I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--... -----�----�------... --一一一1一一一----4 ---I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 人一II I I I I I I I I 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----, 一一一---r----------, 一一一I I I I I I I I I I IIIIIIIIIII 卢I I I I I II I I I I I IIII I II I ---·---__ J ___ ---L----_,_ ----上-----L --__ .J ___ ___ i_ __---·---__ .J ___I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I II I ,I I I ,I I I , 鼎I ,I I I I I I , , II IIII II, , 一一一1一一一一一勹一一一---t"---一一一1一一一一一才一一---r--一一-1---一一一于一一一一一1一一一一一勹一一一I I I I I I I I I I I IIIII I I I II I I I I I I I I I I 沸-II II I I I I I I---·---__ J ___ ___ L __--__ --上___ , ___ ___ , ___ ___ !_ __ ---·---__ J ___I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 一人台- - I IIIIIIIII一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--�-----�----�---一一一*--一一一1一一一--�---I I I I I I I I III I III I I II ,I I I I II I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 美II I I I I I I I I , II I I IIIII---.---一一,------r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----勹一一一---r-----.-----,---II I I I I I I !,IIII IIIII II I I I I,I , ,I I桑I I I ,,II I I ,II I, , ,III, 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r--一一,一一一---r -----.---一一,---,II ,I , ,I , I I ,III I,II ,II I , ,, , II I I 息III ,,, , II I ---'---__ .J ___ ___ L __ ---'---__上_____ L __ __ J ___ ___ J.. __---'---__ .J ___, I I , I , , , I I I I I , I , I ,I I , ,I I II I I I I ,,I I , , I , ,I I I I I I I , ,II I I III, , I, I II一一一1一一一一一才一一一---r --一一一1一一一一一于一一---�--一一�------;---一一一1一一一一一才一一一, ,I , , , , II I ,,I,I, , ,,,II I I , , I I III 吟I I I ,, , ,I I I III, , , III---,一一一--勹---一--,-----,一一一--;--------------一一-j" -----,一一一--勹---, II ,, ,, ,,I ,,I,, II,I I ,I I I , , , ,I I I 油-III , ,, ,II I---•-----.J ------L----_,_ --一一.l-----L-----'---一一一L-----•---__ J ___,I I , I , , , I ,I ,I , II, ,I I I I I I , , , ,I I I II I I ,, , ,I I I 蛉II I, , , ,II I ,I , ,, , ,,II一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r----, 一一一---r --一一一,一一一一一,一一一,I I , , I, , ,I I II, , ,I I IIII I I , , ,I II I 短-I I I , , I , ,,I --__--__ J ___ ---L----_,_ ----.1 -----L--__ J ___ ___ J. __---'-----」---I I , , , II, I I I I I , , , ,I I I IIII,, , ,III姿,I ,,,,,,, ,,I,,,II,, I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--... -----�----�------... --一一一1一一一----4 ---I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 批I I I I I I I I I I IIIIIII I I I一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----, 一一一---r ----------, 一一一I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 谷-I IIIIIIIII---·---__ J ___---L----_,_----上-----L--__ .J ___ ___ i_ __---·---__ .J ___I I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I III ,I I I ,I I I , 书I ,I I I I I I , , I I I I I III , ,一一一1一一一一一勹一一一---t"---一一一1一一一一一才一一---r --一一-1---一一一于一一一一一1一一一一一勹一一一I I I I I I I I I I II IIIII III III I I I I I I I I 塾I IIIIIIII I---·---__ J ______ L __ --__--__上_____ , ___ ___ , ___ ___ !_ __---·---__ J ___I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IIIIIIII II I II I I I I I I I 衍L..).-a_III I I III II一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--�-----�----�---一一一*--一一一1一一一--�---I I I I I I I I I I I I III I I II ,I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 懦II I I I I I I I I ,II I I I I I II---.---一一,------r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----勹一一一---r -----.-----,---I I I I I I I I !,IIII IIIIII日期姓名班级III I ,I II , II,II, ,, , II I一一一1一一一--,-4'一一一---►----_,_ ----... -----�----�---一一一..--一一一1一一一--,-4 ---I I I, , , I I I I , , I , I, I , I,I I I I I ,I , ,I I蜕I I I, , I I I I,I I I, , , I I I ,一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r --一一,一一一---r -----.---一一,---, I I , I , , I, II , I I II , II ,I I I, , , , I I I I 戒I II , , , , I II---'---__ .J ___ ___ L __ ---'---上___ L __ __ J ___ ___ J.. __ ---'---__ .J ___, I I , I, , , II I I I , I , I , II , , I I I I I II I , , I I, , I, , I I I I I I I ,, I I I I 尺-I II , , I , I II 一一一1一一一一一才一一一---r --一一一1一一一一一于一一---�--一一�------;---一一一1一一一一一才一一一, , I, , , , II I, , I , I, , , ,,I I II , , I I I II锡I I I , ,, , I I I II I , , , I I I---,一一一--勹---一--,-----,一一一--;--------------一一-j" -----,一一一--勹---, I I , , , , , , I, , I , , I I , I I, I I I , , , , II I 丿沟(''J;-I I I , ,, , I I I---•-----.J ------L----_,_ --一一.l -----L-----'---一一一L-----•---__ J ___, II , I , , , I, I , I, I I , ,I I I I I, , , , I I II I I I, , , , I I I 《--前:.-塑-生-令的, `I I I一人一, I I---r --一一一,一一一一一,一一一, , II I III I I , , , I I I I拴III, , I , , ,I --__ --__ J ___ ---L----_,_----.1 -----L--__ J ___ ___ J. __ ---'-----」---I I , , , I I , I II I I , , , , I I I I I I , , , , II I 成, I , , , , , , , , , I , , , I I , , I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--... -----�----�------... --一一一1一一一----4 ---I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 慨I I I I I I I I I I IIIIIIIIII一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----, 一一一---r ----------,一一一I I I I I III I I II I I III II I I I I I I I I I I II 搓I IIIIII I I I---·---__ J ___---L----_,_----上-----L--__ .J ___ ___ i_ __---·---__ .J ___I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I II I , I I I , I I I, 捻I , I I I I I I , , I II I I I II ,,一一一1一一一一一勹一一一---t"---一一一1一一一一一才一一---r --一一-1---一一一于一一一一一1一一一一一勹一一一I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 淀I IIIIII III---·---__ J ______ L __ --__--上___ , ___ ___ , ___ ___ !_ __---·---__ J ___I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 开_I 一IIIIIIII II一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--�-----�----�---一一一*--一一一1一一一--�---I I I I I I I I I II I III I I II ,I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 争II I I I I I I I I , II IIIII II---.---一一,------r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----勹一一一---r -----.-----,---I I I I I I I I !,IIIIIIIIII第八课III I ,I I I ,I I 执一,II, , , , II I一一一1一一一--,-4'一一一---►----__ ----... -----�----�---一一一..--一一一1一一一--,-4 ---I I I , , , I I I I, ,I ,I ,I ,I ,I I I I I ,I ,,I I惭I I I ,, II I I ,I I I ,, , III, 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r--一一一,一一一--�-----r--一一,一一一---r-----.---一一,---,I I ,I ,,I , I I ,I II I ,I I ,I I I ,,,,IIII 愧I I I ,,,,I I I ---'---__ .J ___ ___ L __ ---'---上___ L __ __ J ___ ___ J.. __ ---'---__ .J ___, I I , I ,, ,I I I I I ,I ,I ,I I ,,II I I I II I ,,I I ,,I ,,I I 悔I I I I ,,I I II I II ,,I , I II 一一一1一一一一一才一一一---r--一一一1一一一一一于一一---�--一一�------;---一一一1一一一一一才一一一,,I ,,,,I I I,,I ,I ,, ,,,I I I I ,,I I I I I恨I I I ,,,,I I I I I I ,,, I I I---,一一一--勹---一--,-----,一一一--;-----,------,---一一-j" -----,一一一--勹---,I I ,,, , , ,I ,,I ,,I I ,I I,I I I , ,, ,I I I 滚I I I , ,, ,I I I ---•-----.J ------L----_,_--一一.l -----L-----'---一一一L-----•---__ J ___, I I , I ,,, I , I ,I ,I I ,,I I I I I ,,,,I I II I I I ,,,,I I I 荡I I I ,, ,,I I I ,I , ,, , ,, II一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r--一一一,一一一--�-----r----,一一一---r--一一一,一一一一一,一一一,I I ,, I,, ,II I I ,,,I I I I I I I I ,,,IIII要I I I , , I ,, ,I --_,_ --__ J ___ ---L----_,_ ----.1 -----L--__ J ___ ___ J. __ ---'-----」---I I , , , I I , II I I I ,,,,I I I I I I,,,,I I I,, I , ,, , , , , ,私`, I , ,,I I , , I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--... -----�----�------... --一一一1一一一----4 ---I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I II I I I I I I I I I 拼I I I I I I I I I I I I IIII I I II 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r--一一一,一一一--1-----r----,一一一---r-----,-----,一一一I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I 凑I IIIIIIII I---·---__ J ___---L----_,_ ----上-----L--__ .J ___ ___ i_ __---·---__ .J ___I I II I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I II I ,I I I ,I I I ,II ,I I I I I I ,,I II I I III ,,一一一1一一一一一勹一一一---t"---一一一1一一一一一才一一---r--一一-1---一一一于一一一一一1一一一一一勹一一一I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I II II I I I I I I I I I 盼I I I I I I I I I I---·---__ J ______ L __ --_,_ --上___ , ___ ___ , ______ !_ __---·---__ J ___I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IIIIII I I I裁I I I I I II I I I IIIIIIIII I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--�-----�----�---一一一*--一一一1一一一--�---I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II ,I I II I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 吹I I !、-I I I I I I I I I I , II I I I I I II---.---一一,------r--一一一,一一一--1-----r----勹一一一---r-----.-----,---I II I I I I I !, III I IIII IIIIII , III,I I 末-,I I, , , , II I一一一1一一一--,-4'一一一---►----_,_----... -----�----�---一一一..--一一一1一一一--,-4 ---III , , , I II I ,,I ,I,I,I , II II I, I , ,I I问I I I ,, I I I I , I I I , , , II I , 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r--一一,一一一---r -----.---一一,---,II ,I , ,I , I I ,III I,II,II I , ,, , II I I 疲I I I,,, , II I---'---__ .J ___ ___ L __ ---'---上___ L __ __ J ___ ___ J.. __---'---__ .J ___, I I , I , , , I I III , I , I ,I I , ,I I I IIII I ,,I I , , I, ,I I 倦I I I I , ,II I I III , , I, I I I 一一一1一一一一一才一一一---r--一一一1一一一一一于一一---�--一一�------;---一一一1一一一一一才一一一, ,I , , , , III,,I ,I, , , ,,I I I I , , II I I I II I I ,, , ,I I I 不一III, , , III---,一一一--勹---一--,-----,一一一--;--------------一一-j" -----,一一一--勹---, II ,, , , , ,I ,,I,, II, I I ,I I I , , , , I I I 堪I I I , , , , II I ---•-----.J ------L----_,_--一一.l -----L-----'---一一一L-----•---__ J ___,II , I , , , I ,I , I , II, , I I I I I , , , , I I I I I I I , , , ,I I I III I,, , , II I 小一,I, , , , , , II一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r ----, 一一一---r --一一一,一一一一一,一一一,I I , , I, , ,I I I I ,, , I I I I II I I , , , I II I ,I II, , I , , ,I --"'-� --__ --__ J ___ ---L----_,_ ----.1 -----L--__ J ___ ___ J. __---'-----」---l 心I I , , , II, I I I I I , , , ,I I I IIII,, , ,III冀, I , , , , , , , ,, I, ,, I I,, I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--... -----�----�------... --一一一1一一一----4 ---I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II II I I I I I I I I 暴I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----,一一一---r ----------,一一一I I I II II I II IIIIIII III II I I I I I I I I I 禾-I IIIIIIII I ---·---__ J ___---L----_,_----上-----L--__ .J ___ ___ i_ __---·---__ .J ___I I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I III ,I I I ,I I I , 求I ,I I I I I I , , II IIIIII , , 一一一1一一一一一勹一一一---t"---一一一1一一一一一才一一---r --一一-1---一一一于一一一一一1一一一一一勹一一一I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I 息I II I I I I I I I ---·---__ J ______ L __ --__--上___ , ___ ___ , ___ ___ !_ __---·---__ J ___I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IIIIIIII I I I I I I I II I I I 绯III I IIII II 一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--�-----�----�---一一一*--一一一1一一一--�---I I I I I I I I III I III I I II ,I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I .. I 、一i 也:匕II I I I I I I I I ,II I I IIIII ---.---一一,------r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----勹一一一---r -----.-----,---II II I I I I!,IIII IIIIIIIII I , III,I I 为,I I, , , ,I I I一一一1一一一--,-4'一一一---►----_,_----... -----�----�---一一一..--一一一1一一一--,-4 ---I II , , ,III I , ,I ,I,I ,I , I I I I I,I , ,I III I I ,, II I I , , II I, , ,III, 二�, 一一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r--一一,一一一---r -----.---一一,---,II ,I , ,I , I ,I ,III I,I I ,II I , ,, , I I I I 谈III,,, ,II I---'---__ .J ___ ___ L __ ---'---上___ L __ __ J ___ ___ J.. __---'---__ .J ___,I I , I , , ,I I I I I , I , I ,I I , ,I I IIII I I ,,I I , , I , ,I I II I I I , ,II I I 恍-I II, , I, II I 一一一1一一一一一才一一一---r --一一一1一一一一一于一一---�--一一�------;---一一一1一一一一一才一一一, ,I , , , , III,,I,I, , ,, ,II I I ,, II I I I 然I I I , , , ,I I IIII, , , III---,一一一--勹---一--,-----,一一一--;--------------一一-j" -----,一一一--勹---, II , , , , ,,I I,,I, , II,II ,II I , , , ,I I I 大-II I , , , , III---•-----.J ------L----_,_ --一一.l -----L-----'---一一一L-----•---__ J ___,I I , I , , , I ,I ,I , II, ,I I I I I I , , , , I I I I I I I , , , ,I I I III I, , , , II I ,I, , , , , ,II 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--�-----r ----, 一一一---r --一一一,一一一一一,一一一,I I , , I, , ,I II I, , ,I I I IIII I , , ,I II I 油I I I , , I, , ,I --__--__ J ___ ---L----_,_ ----.1 -----L--__ J ___ ___ J. __ ---'-----」---I I , , , II,I I I I I , , , ,I I I III, , , ,III,,I , , , , , , , ,夕I 1t.、-,I, , , I I, , I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--... -----�----�------... --一一一1一一一----4 ---I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I IIIIIIIIII一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----, 一一一---r ----------, 一一一I I I I I I II I I I I I III I I IIII I I I I I I I I I 生-I IIIIIIII I---·---__ J ___---L----_,_----上-----L--__ .J ___ ___ i_ __---·---__ .J ___I I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I III ,I I I ,I I I , 花I ,I I I I I I , , I I I I I III , ,一一一1一一一一一勹一一一---t"---一一一1一一一一一才一一---r --一一-1---一一一于一一一一一1一一一一一勹一一一I I I I I I I I I I IIIIIII IIIIII I I I I I I I I 团I IIIIII I I I---·---__ J ______ L __ --__--上___ , ___ ___ , ___ ___ !_ __---·---__ J ___I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IIIII III I 锦I I I I I I I I I I I III IIII I I一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--�-----�----�---一一一*--一一一1一一一--�---I I I I I I I I I II I III I I II ,I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I 簇II I I I I I I I I ,II I I I I I II---.---一一,------r --一一一,一一一--1-----r ----勹一一一---r -----.-----,---I I I I I I I I !,IIII IIIIIIII II ,I I I ,I I �-,II, , , , II I一一一1一一一--,-4'一一一---►----__ ----... -----�----�---一一一..--一一一1一一一--,-4 ---I I I , , ,I I I I , ,I , I ,I ,I, I I I I I ,I, ,I II I I I , , II I I ,不一I I I , , , III, 一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r--一一一,一一一--�-----r--一一,一一一---r-----.---一一,---,I I ,I , ,I ,I I ,I II I ,I I ,I I I , , , ,IIII 胜I I I ,, , , I II---'---__ .J ___ ___ L __ ---'---上___ L __ __ J ___ ___ J.. __ ---'---__ .J ___, I I , I ,, , I II I I ,I , I ,I I I , ,I I I I I II I , , I I ,, I, ,I I I I I I I , ,I I I I 收-I II ,, I , I II一一一1一一一一一才一一一---r--一一一1一一一一一于一一---�--一一�------;---一一一1一一一一一才一一一, ,I ,, ,, II I, ,I ,I ,, , ,,I I I I , , III I I II I I , , , ,I I II I I I , , , I I II --;-----,一一一--勹---一--,-----,一一一--;-----,------,---一一-j" -----,一一一--勹---, , I I , , , , , ,I I , ,I , , II , I I,I I I , , ,,II I I I I I , , ,, I I I一一l.-----•-----.J ------L----_,_ --一一.l -----L-----'---一一一L-----•---__ J ___, , I I , I , , , I ,I I ,I , I I , ,I I I I I I , , , , I I II I I I , , , ,I I I I I I I , , , , I I I, ,I , , , , , , I I--r--一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r--一一一,一一一--�-----r----, 一一一---r--一一一,一一一一一,一一一I ,I I , , I , , ,II I I I , , ,I I I I I I I I , , ,IIII,I I I , , I ,, ,I --上----_,_ --__ J ___ ---L----_,_ ----.1 -----L--__ J ___ ___ J. __ ---'-----」---,I I , , , II , II ,I I I , , , ,I I I I I I I, , , ,I I I ,,I , , ,,, , , ,, ,I , , , II , , I --... --一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--... -----�----�------... --一一一1一一一----4 ---I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I --r--一一一,一一一一一,一一一---r--一一一,一一一--1-----r ----, 一一一---r-----,-----, 一一一I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III III I II I I --i. -----·---__ J ___---L----_,_ ----上-----L--__ .J ___ ___ i_ __---·---__ .J ___I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I II I ,I I I ,I I I ,I I ,I I I I I I , , I I II I I I II , , 一一令一一一一一1一一一一一勹一一一---t"---一一一1一一一一一才一一---r--一一-1---一一一于一一一一一1一一一一一勹一一一I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I II IIIIIIIIII I--!. -----·---__ J ______ L __ --_,_ --上___ , ___ ___ , ______ !_ __---·---__ J ___I I I II I II I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I一一*--一一一1一一一----4 ------�--一一一1一一一--�-----�----�---一一一*--一一一1一一一--�---I I I I I I I I I I I II I III I I II ,I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , I I I I I I I I I --r-----.---一一,------r--一一一,一一一--1-----r ----勹一一一---r-----.-----,---I I I I I I I I I !,IIIIIIIIII I。

作物栽培学各论-小麦-参考答案

作物栽培学各论-小麦-参考答案

简述我国小麦的种植区划1.1.简述我国小麦的种植区划我国小麦种植区划的依据主要有三个方面:地理地域、品种特性、栽培环境,小麦种植区域的划分,根据环境、耕作制度、品种、栽培特点等对小麦的生长发育的综合影响进行划分,也是最直接服务于决策的综合区划。

我国小麦种植划分为三个主区,十个亚区。

小麦子粒的品质,既受品种本身的遗传控制,也受环境因素影响,小麦子粒品质特性是品种基因型和环境条件综合影响的表现。

�春麦区:东北春麦区、北部春麦区、西北春麦区�冬麦区:北部冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区、长江中下游冬麦区、西南冬麦区、华南冬麦区�冬春麦兼播区:新疆冬春麦区、青藏冬春麦区什么是小麦的阶段发育?简述阶段发育与器官形成的关系2.2.什么是小麦的阶段发育?简述阶段发育与器官形成的关系小麦自种子萌发之后,必须经过几个阶段的顺序渐进的质变过程,才能开始进行生殖生长,完成生活周期,这种阶段性质变发育发育过程称为小麦的阶段发育。

小麦的阶段性的质变是器官形成的基础,也就是每一器官的形成必须在一定的发育基础上才能实现。

当麦苗尚未通过春化阶段的时候,茎生长锥的分生组织主要分化叶片、茎节、分蘖和次生根等营养器官;小麦穗分化达二棱期,春化阶段结束,进入光照阶段,茎生长锥分化生成雌蕊和雄蕊原基,拔节到开花阶段小麦对光周期的反应性仍然存在。

春化阶段是决定叶片、茎节、分蘖和次生根数多少的时期,光照阶段是决定小穗数多少的时期。

春化阶段较长的冬性小麦叶片和分蘖数多于春化阶段短的春性小麦。

延长春华能增加分蘖数,延长光照阶段有利于增加小穗数和小花数,从而形成大穗。

简述小麦根茎叶生长的基本规律3.3.简述小麦根茎叶生长的基本规律�根:小麦的根系为须根系,由初生根群和次生根群组成。

初生根由种子生出,又称种子根或者胚根。

种子萌发时,从胚的基部首先长出一条主胚根,然后长出一对或者多对侧胚根。

当第一片绿叶展开后,初生根停止发生,其数目一般3-5条,多者能到7-8条,根细而坚韧,有分支,倾向于垂直向下生长,入土较深。

气流脉动分析介绍-LF

气流脉动分析介绍-LF



据API 618技术指南检查脉动 在设计阶段预测和消除问题 在优化工程中模拟假设条件进行分析 流量引起的振动 可以导入到CAD绘图软件AutoPLANT®,管线应 力分析软件AutoPIPE模型中 有助于发现振动问题,从而进行滤波器设计 自动生成天然气等混合气的气体属性
管线的振动往往会引起很大的管线应力,很多 时候可能引起管线过载而破坏管线。所以此处讨论一 下如何使用PULS分析设备振动引起的管线振动。


Bentley® PULS 是一个交互式的模拟软件,主要用 于分析管网中的流体在稳态脉动流条件下的动态响 应特性。 PULS 是基于一维波动理论,使用转移矩阵方法进 行模拟计算,可以非常有效的预测压力脉动大小和 声学激振力

用PULS 软件可以有效的解决管网和管道系统中由 于往复设备或者流体的流动产生的压力脉动问题, 例如压缩机,泵,控制阀和仪表等。
2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7.
定义压缩机另一端的参数设置(每个压缩机必须定义两个端点)
输出报告设置
接下来我们还 需要对输出报 告进行设置, 否则计算时会 出现错误
调试模型
如果计算时还是出现 问题,则我们则可以 通过软件自带的 adjust Flow/Pulsation 调整一下模型(如下 图)

������ 操作简单,菜单驱动程序 ������ 减少了昂贵的咨询费用 ������ 模拟气体和流体系统 ������ 快速的转移矩阵解决方案,使求解在不到一分 钟就能完成。


属性包括:管道,体积,压降,三通,孔板和阀门。 管线属性包括由于黏性产生的阻尼,热膨胀和摩擦 效应。 脉动源包括压力,容积流量速度,孔板,球阀和球 心阀,和往复式压缩机,和往复试泵。

o和-的符号

o和-的符号

o和-的符号
o和-的符号在不同的上下文中可能有不同的意义。

在电路中,通常用“-”表示断开或关闭,相当于电路中的“0”或“关”。

它表示当此开关被按下或移动时,电路会被切断或关闭。

而“o”则通常表示连接或开启,相当于电路中的“1”或“开”。

它表示当此开关被按下或移动时,电路将被连接或接通。

然而,在数学和逻辑中,通常用“o”表示逻辑“与”,而用“-”表示逻辑“非”。

此外,“o”还可以表示圆形、零、无等概念,而“-”则可以作为减号或负号使用。

因此,“o”和“-”的具体意义需要根据上下文来判断。

(6.5)--第6章部分习题解答

(6.5)--第6章部分习题解答
x6-3
解:当存在不平衡的空位浓度时,单位长度刃位错受的化学力为
FS
kBT b2
ln
x x0
,因为
Fc=cb,即刃位错受到的攀移正应力 S
kBT b3
ln
x x0
,这个应力达到足够大时位错会发生攀
移。在不同温度下空位的平衡浓度为 x exp( G f kBT ) ,所以,在 1000K 和在 300K 下的空
x
Gb 2π(1
)
1 阻
时两个位错就会滑动。即
x

Gb 1 2ππ(1 ) 阻
5 ᄡ1010 b 2 (1 0.3)
1 9.8 ᄡ105
1.16 ᄡ104 b
若两个位错是同号的,则两个位错相距的距离小于上面计算的 x 时,两位错相斥移动到距
离为 x 时保持不动;若两位错是反号的,则两个位错间的距离小于上面计算的 x 时,两位
x6-2
6-9. 一个位错环能否各部分都是螺型位错?能否各部分都是刃型位错?为什么? 解:螺位错的柏氏矢量与位错线平行,一根位错只有一个柏氏矢量,而一个位错环不可能 与一个方向处处平行,所以一个位错环不能各部分都是螺位错。刃位错的柏氏矢量与位错线 垂直,如果柏氏矢量垂直位错环所在的平面,则位错环处处都是刃位错。这种位错的滑移面 是位错环与柏氏矢量方向组成的棱柱面,这种位错又称棱柱位错。
6-11. 晶体中,在滑移面上有一对平行刃型位错,它们的间距应为多大才不致在它们的交互 作用下发生移动?设位错的滑移阻力(切应力)为 9.8105 Pa,=0.3,G=51010 Pa。(答案以 b 表示) 解:两个平行刃型位错(设为 A 和 B),位错 A 处在坐标架的 z 轴,位错 A 对处在(x,y)位

2023-2024学年湖北省武汉市青山区七年级上学期期中数学试题

2023-2024学年湖北省武汉市青山区七年级上学期期中数学试题

2023-2024学年湖北省武汉市青山区七年级上学期期中数学试题1.-2的倒数是()A.-2B.−12C.12D.22.我们的祖国地域辽阔,其中领水面积约为370000B2.把370000这个数用科学记数法表示为()A.37×104B.3.7×105C.0.37×106D.3.7×106 3.单项式−23B5的系数与次数分别是()A.−23,5B.23,6C.−23,6D.−2,54.向东走7km记作+7km,那么-5km表示()A.向北走5km B.向南走5kmC.向西走5km D.向东走5km5.下列运算中,正确的是()A.52−32=2B.3+2=5B C.22+32=54D.92−9B2=06.苹果原价是每千克元,现按原价的8折出售,则现售价是每千克()A.1.25元B.元C.0.8元D.0.2元7.下列各组的两个数中,运算后结果相等的是()A.23和32B.−33和(−3)3C.−22和(−2)2D.−∣−2∣和−(−2)8.有理数,在数轴上的对应位置如图所示,则下列结论错误的...是()A.B<0B.<0C.+>0D.−<0 9.若|U=5,2=4且>,则+的值是()A.3B.7C.−3或5D.3或710.如图所示,将形状、大小完全相同的“●”和线段按照一定的规律摆成下列图形,第一幅图形中“●”的个数为1,第二幅图形中的“●”个数为2,第三幅图形中“●”的个数为3,…,以此类推,则15−14的值为()A.31B.30C.29D.2811.2023的相反数是______.12.温度由−4∘上升7℃是________∘.13.1.804精确到百分位的结果是__________.14.多项式2−B2+324−5是______次______项式,常数项是________.15.已知一个两位数的个位上的数是,十位上的数是,再把这个两位数的个位与十位上的数交换位置,所得的新两位数记为,则+=________.(用含,的式子表示)16.下列四个说法:①如果大于,那么的倒数小于的倒数;②若为任意有理数,则−|U≤0;③多项式−2−83+33+23+2−23+53的值与,都无关;④若是一个三次多项式,是一个四次多项式,则+一定是四次整式.其中正确的是________.(填写序号)17.计算:(1)(−20)+3−(−7)(2)−14×(−3)−[4−(−2)3]÷618.计算:(1)3−−5(2)(7−3p−2(8−5p19.解答下列各题(1)请把下列各数填入相应的集合中:72,−2,−3.5,−34,0,1.5.正分数集合:{_________________________…};整数集合:{_________________________…};负数集合:{_________________________…}.(2)在数轴上表示(1)中负数集合....中各数(标在数轴上方),并用“<”号连接.20.先化简,再求值:12+2(−+132)−(32−132),其中=−3,=2.21.“奶油草莓”是武汉某一草莓基地的一大特产,现有20筐草莓,以每管10千克为标准,超过或不足的千克数分别用正、负数来表示,记录如下表:与标准质量的差值(单位:千克)−0.3−0.2−0.1500.10.25筐数142328(1)20筐草莓中,与标准质量差值为−0.2千克的有________筐,最重的一筐重________千克;(2)与标准重量相比,20筐草莓总计超过多少千克或不足多少千克?(3)若草莓每千克售价40元,则出售这20筐草莓可卖多少元?22.阅读材料:我们知道,4−2+=(4−2+1)=3,类似地,若把(+p看成一个整体,则4(+p−2(+p+(+p=(4−2+1)(+p=3(+p.“整体思想”是数学解题中一种非常重要的数学思想方法,它在多项式的化简与求值中应用极为广泛.(1)把(−p2看成一个整体,合并:3(−p2−6(−p2+5(−p2=________;(2)已知−2=3,则3−6−5的值为________;(3)已知B+=−6,−B=−2.①+=________;②求2[+(B−p2]−3[(B−p2−p−B的值.23.阅读材料,解答以下问题:幻方历史悠久,最早出现在夏禹时代的“洛书”,即现在的三阶幻方.例如图1就是一个幻方,它的每行,每列,每条对角线上的三个数之和都为15,这个和称为幻方和,正中间的数5称为中心数.(1)如图1,幻方和是中心数的________倍;(2)如图2,已知幻方和是18,=3,=5,请利用(1)的结论,直接写出的值;(3)如图3,,,,,,是含字母的整式,且=,=2+2.①若=3+1,求整式(用含的式子表示);②若=B−1,幻方和是3,且,均为常数,求和的值.24.已知,两点在数轴上对应的有理数分别为,,且,满足:(+6)2+|−12|=0.(1)则=________;=________;(2)定义:若点为数轴上,两点之间一点,且到,两点的距离满足:其中一个距离是另一个距离的2倍,则称为,两点的“友好点”.①求,两点的“友好点”在数轴上对应的有理数;②点以每秒4个单位长度的速度从点出发,沿数轴向右运动,同时点以每秒1个单位长度的速度从点出发,沿数轴向右运动,当点、相遇则停止运动.设运动时间为秒,若整个运动过程中,,,三点中有一点是另两点的“友好点”,求值.。

高三一轮复习--完型填空

高三一轮复习--完型填空

完形填空下列短文中每个空格有A,B,C,D四个选项,根据上下文选择一个最佳答案。

完形填空1When Chico Max decided to mount an exhibition of photographs of recent immigrants to Brazil, he had a harder time finding subjects than he expected. That is___1_____just 600,000 of the 204 m people living in the country are foreign-born. The small pool of potential sitters surprised Mr. Max. ____2____everyone in Brazil is descended from immigrants or African slaves; only the United States has a bigger non-indigenous population. The country’s president is the daughter of a Bulgarian; the vice-president has a road ___3_____ him in Lebanon. All of Mr. Max’s grandparents came from Portugal between the two world wars. As the title of his show this month in Sao Paulo proclaimed,“We are all____4____”.Yet Brazil’s foreign-born population ____5____ at 73% of the total at the start of the 20th century and has been dwindling ever since. It is now a fifth of Latin America’s low average and a fraction of that in melting pots like the United States. That is a ____6____. Brazil needs millions of well-qualified workers____7____ its mediocre schools are not providing them. ____8____ more immigration, analysts warn, Brazil faces a “skills blackout”.Some of the reasons for which migrants shun Brazil are obvious. It is not a rich country. Its language, Portuguese, is not widely spoken elsewhere. Yet Argentina, with a fifth of Brazil’s population and an equally troubled____9____, attracts more than double the number of newcomers — about 280,000 people a year, mostly poor laborers from other Spanish-speaking countries. They could easily master enough____10___to work in Brazil, although they would not solve the skills shortage.They do not come because Brazil needlessly ____11____ additional roadblocks. Its legislation on immigration is “anachronistic (不合时代的)”,admits BetoVasconcelos, who handles the issues at the justice ministry in Brasilia. The main law dealing with immigration, enacted by generals who ruled from 1964 to 1985, _____12___ foreigners as a menace to national security and to Brazilian workers. It ____13____ non-Brazilians from taking part in political rallies, owning stakes in newspapers or participating actively in trade unions.It also imposes cumbersome (麻烦的)conditions on foreign workers. Securing a work permit can ___14_____ months and cost thousands of dollars in legal and administrative fees. Most work visas are tied to an employer, so changing a job requires starting the ____15____process from scratch. Brazil’s enlightened refugee law, by contrast, grants asylum-seekers a work permit withina week of arrival, free of charge.1. A.why B.because C what D.since2. A.Nearly B.Hardly C.Rarely D.Scarcely3. A.instead of d after C.regardless of D.celebrated with4. A.human beings B.immigrants C slaves D.citizens5. A.lowered B.peaked C.tightened D.strengthened6. A. problem B.puzzle C.surprise D.headache7. A.therefore B.otherwise C.but D.although8. A.With B.Besides C.Except D.Without9. A.economy B.reason nguage 10. A.English B.Spanish C.Portuguese D.French11. A.put out B.put up C.put down D.put forward12. A.serves B.thinks C.treats D.welcomes13. A.supports B.bars C.establishes D.warns14. A.take B.demand C.spend D.require15. A.application B.legal C.working D.immigration完形填空2Only a naive sports fan would be shocked by a new round of doping allegations. In cycling’s Tour de France from 1998 - 2013, 38% of the top-ten f inishers were____1____for using performance-enhancing drugs, and a ____2____ of track-and-field athletes’ blood test results earlier this year showed that around one-seventh were “highly suggestive of doping” . Yet the report on Russian athletes published on November 9th by the World Anti-Doping Agency still represents a new kind of ___3_____— or, more precisely, a very old one. __4______merely citing individual athletes, WADA claims that Russia has maintained an organized___5____doping programme of the sort that was thought to have ended with the cold war.Russia first found itself in WADA’s cross-hairs last December, when a German TV station aired _____6___ of rampant PED use. In June the agency noted that Russia led the world in PED violations in 2013, with 11.5% of the global total. But once its investigators started ____7____, what they found was “worse than we thought”, said Dick Pound, the report’s co-author and a former WADA president. “It may be a residue(残余)of the ___8_____ Soviet Union system. ’’The report’s main smoking gun (确凿证据) ___9_____Sergey Portugalov, the chief medical officer of the All-Russian Athletics Federation. In an e-mail, he ____10____ Yuliya Stepanova, a runner, to increase her use of ____11____ testosterone( 睾丸素). Ms Stepanova later secretly recorded her coach, Vladimir Mokhnev, while he allegedly gave her PEDs. The report also ____12____ Dr. Portugalov of directly delivering injections of banned substances to athletes, though it does not provide specifics. Dr. Porugalov could not be reached for comment.In addition, WADA has levelled wider allegations of u direct intimidation and interference by the Russian state'' to____13____ doping. Many of the claims, such as assertions that Russia had set up a “pre-screening” lab to filter out positive tests,seem to rely on hearsay. But the agency did _____14___ statements of guilt from people involved in the cover-up. Staff at a WADA- accredited lab in Moscow told investigators that its director, Grigory Rodchenkov,had ordered them to get rid of some sample. Mr. Rodchenkov, who resigned on November 10th, admitted himself that he had destroyed 1,417 test results before an inspection in 2014. And Liliya Shobukhova,a marathon runner, acknowledged paying €450,000 to ARAF in exchange for the destruction of samples that tested _____15___.1. A.praised B. punished C. shocked D.charged2. A.demonstration B. leak C. publication D.title3. A.affair B. rumour C. scandal D.incident4. A.Other than B. Except for C. Rather than D.Apart from5. A.international B. national C. external D.internal6. A.congratulationsB. accusations C. quarrels D.honours7. A.digging B. leveling C. pulling D.drawing8. A.novel B. wonderful C. old D.energetic9. A.involves B. contains C. includes D.occupies10. A.prevented B. encouraged C. recommended D.introduced11. eful B. useless C. legal D.banned12. A.accused B. blamed C. charged D.criticized13. A.condemn B. conceal C. reveal D.expose14. A.make B. obtain C. deny D.admit15. A.negative B. positive C. neutral D.ordinary完形填空3I am on holiday in Bavaria, where, in between the beer and schnitzels, I have been contemplating the nature of trust. A rather old-fashioned guest house happily took our reservation and let us run up a bill of nearly €1 ,000 without ever ____1____more than a signature. Not for the Bavarians the pre-authorized credit card. Our room keys were stored in an unlocked cabinet in a quiet corridor, along with the keys of every other guest in the place. It made me ____2____ why anyone was bothering with keys in the first place. Nevertheless, our belongings were not stolen and we paid our _____3___ when we left. The trust had been justified.Since Germany is one of the most successful ____4____ in the world and Bavaria is one of the most successful economies in Germany, the thought did cross my ____5____that trust might be one of the secrets of economic success. Steve Knack, an economist at the World Bank with a long-standing interest in trust, once told me that if one takes a broad enough view of____6___, “it would explain basically all the difference between the per capita income of the United States and Somalia”. In other words,without trust — and its vital complement, trustworthiness — there is no ____7____ of economic development.Simple activities become arduous in a low-trust society. How can you be sure you won9t be robbed on the way to the comer store? Hire a___8_____? (Can you trust him?) The watered- down milk is in a locked fridge. As for something more complex like arranging a mortgage, forget about it.Prosperity not only requires trust, it also____9____it. Why bother to steal when you are already comfortable? An example of poverty breeding____10____ comes from Colin Turnbull’s ethnographic (人种学的)study The Mountain People (1972),about the Ik,a displaced tribe ravaged by Ugandan drought in the 1960s. If Turnbull’s account is itself ___11_____(it may not be), in the face of extreme hunger, the Ik had abandoned any pretence at ethical behaviour and would lie, cheat and steal whenever possible. Parents would ___12_____ their own children,and children betray their own parents. Turnbull’s story had a horrific logic. The Ik had no hope of a future, so they saw no need to protect their_____13___ for fair dealing.One of the underrated achievements of the modem world has been to develop ways to____14____ the circle of trust by depersonalizing it. Trust used to be a very personal thing:you would trust your friends or friends of friends. But when I withdrew €400 from a cash machine, it was not because the bank ____15____ me but because it could verify that my bank would repay the money. This is a cold corporate miracle.1. A. putting B. demanding C. giving D. writing2. A. wonder B. confuse C. puzzle D. realize3. A. taxes B. bills C. duties D. tips4. A. developers B. economies C. pioneers D. leaders5. A. soul B. mind C. spirits D. heart6. A. trust B. fame C. relation D. bond1. A. destination B. prospect C. necessity D. fortune8. A. helper B. servant C. bodyguard D. keeper9. A. popularizes B. encourages C. stimulates D. accompanies10. A. temper B. mistrust C. anger D. worry11. A. trustworthy B. funny C. wrong D. interesting12. A. await B. abandon C. allow D. alleviate13. A. tribe B. country C. reputation D. race完形填空4Samsung has launched a high-end “phablet”,that competes with BlackBerry on security features prized by business users, while out-innovating Apple with an iris-scanning feature.The Galaxy Note 7 is being introduced against a backdrop of ____1____ smartphone sales growth that the South Korean company has handled better than its rivals, with its mobile sales last month __2______its best quarterly results in more than two years.The Note 7 smartphone, with its supersized 5. 7-inch screen, is the first mass-market Android phone to ____3____ a retina scanner. ____4____ unlocking users’ phones, the iris scanning can also be used to authenticate purchases through the Samsung Pay service.David Lowes,Samsung Europe senior vice-president,said the company wanted to “ show that we are the mobile company that takes ___5_____really seriously”.The focus on security ___6_____Black Berry’s efforts to reinvigorate its enterprise handset business by____7____ “the world’s most secure Android smartphone” last week.Samsung also hopes to____8____ younger users with entertainment features such asHDR video streaming, while changes to the camera make it easier to take selfies with one hand.The company is ____9____ users who ‘‘have found a work-life blend”,according to Mr. Lowes. “Previously at Samsung we maybe focused very much on the technology or durability parts of the device,but now I think we’ve brought the __10______ in as well,” he added•Differentiating its products on more than just the strength of its technology is becoming___11_____important for Samsung, as it faces growing competition in the Android market and the continuing ____12____from the iPhone9s superior app offerings.Privately owned Chinese group Huawei has ____13____ from producing cheap white-label phones to launching its own premium handsets, and has publicly proclaimed its desire to unseat Apple and Samsung in global____14____sales.Fellow Chinese company Xiaomi is also looking to _____15___overseas,and recently bought some 1,500 patents from Microsoft to boost its ability to fend off lawsuits.1. A. increasing B.slowing C. decending D.rising2. A. encouraging B.driving C. pushing D.raising3. A. introduce B.market C. install D.feature4. A. Rather than B.Except for C. Other than D.As well as5. A. security B.production C. sales D.service6. A. reflects B.echoes C. responds D.showcases7. A. launching B.releasing C. relieving D.pushing8. A. absorb B.attract C. focus D.seduce9. A. attempting. B. targeting C. producing D. establishing10. A. ability B. creativity C. desirability. reality11. A. increasingly B. sharply C. decreasingly D. largely12.A. challenge B. confrontation C. battle D. war13. A. enrolled B. graduated C. researched D. explored14. A. smartphone B. television C. computer D. scanner15. A. reach B. expand C. open D. enlarge完形填空5The number of calories eaten in Britain is being undercounted by up to 50 per cent, creating confusion over growing obesity levels.The Behavioral Insights Team (BIT), a part-privatised government agency, said national surveys are not ___1_____ the changes in the way food is eaten, particularly snacking outside the home.‘‘ Such a large _____2___ of calorie intake could misinform the policy debate and lead to less effective strategies to _____3___ the current national obesity crisis.”It ___4_____ that people are likely to under-report the amount they eat, both deliberately and unconsciously, and that fewer overweight people are ____5____ recording the amount they eat in surveys.BIT questioned the 40-year trend in official statistics that has shown a steep___6_____ in calorie consumption, even as obesity has increased.Obesity in the UK is the highest it has ever been and is putting a growing ___7____ on the finances of the National Health Service, its head, Simon Stevens, has said, because of the_____8___of treating obesity-related illnesses, such as type 2 diabetes.He has repeatedly____9____ the government to take measures to combat obesity and has____10____the food and drink industry for using too much sugar.The government has said it will___11_____a sugar tax on sugary carbonated drinks in 2018 and is planning to publish a strategy to __12______childhood obesity.The food and drink industry has tried to deflect criticism by pointing to the official data which implies that people are getting fatter___13_____they are exercising less.The report refutes this, saying that reductions in physical activity do not provide a realistic ____14____ for the rise in obesity rates over the last 40 years”.Its findings imply that calorie consumption has not decreased significantly over time and that attempts to get people to exercise _____15___ should not distract from the central message that people need to eat less in order to lose weight.1. A.avoiding B.capturing C.making D.illustrating2. A.underestimate B.underachievement C.understatement D.understanding3. A.change bat C.cause D.face4. A.said B. told C. added D. informed5. A.gladly B. willingly C. accurately D. carefully6. A.rise B. decline C. reach D. position7. A.task B. trouble C. burden D. question8. A.value B. cost C. price D. profit9. A.called in B. called on C. called off D. called out10. A.asked B. criticized C. urged D. punished11. A.introduce B. put C. lay D. issue12. A.tackle B. lighten C. manage D. kill13. A.while B. when C. after D. because14. A.state B. explanation C. reason D. fact15. A.willingly B. regularly C. less D. more完形填空6More than a third of international students say they are now less likely to study at a UK university following last month’s vote to leave the EU,a survey has found.Of 1,014 students____1____this month by Hobsons International, a careers advisory service, 30 per cent said they were less likely to study in the UK, ____2____6% said they would definitely not study in the UK as a result of the vote.Many UK universities have embarked on ___3_____ expansion plans that are reliant on high fees from overseas students, who typically pay twice as much as ___4_____ students. Hobson’s said 83 per cent of respondents were from outside the EU.Income from international students is forecast to reach £4. 2bn in the next academic year and £4. 6bn in 2017 - 2018,and is the biggest____5____ of revenue growth for universities, according to the Higher Education Funding Council for England.Universities increased their spending on new buildings 43 per cent in the past six months compared with the previous year. _____6___ have been awarded for £ 1.5bn of projects, five of which are worth more than £ 50m each. A____7____£ 2bn of contracts is planned between 2017 and 2020, according to Barbour ABI, the construction analysts.Some students cited a less welcoming environment and a ( n) ____8____ in racist attacks since the referendum. One respondent said People have become so racist and with all the ongoing circumstances, I’d not feel_____9___ there. ’’Reported hate crimes rose 57 per cent in the weekend after the referendum, and the National Police Chiefs’ Council said last week that 6,293 such _____10___ had been reported to the police between mid-June and mid-July.Jeremy Cooper, managing director of Hobsons in Europe, said Market conditions for international student recruitment look set to toughen and universities need to send a clear__11______that the UK welcomes international students, as well as providing practical guidance and support.”Almost two-thirds of students surveyed felt it would become____12____ for them to obtain a visa, while almost half_____13___ it would become more difficult to get a job in the UK after graduating.Among ___14_____ who said(英国脱欧)made it more likely that they would come to the UK to study, 43 per cent said it was____15____ the fall in the value of the pound would make it cheaper.1. A.investigated B. surveyed C. found D.inquired2. A.when B. as C. while D.since3. A.ambitious B. available C. accessible D.affordable4. A.domestic B. international C. internal D.external5. A.source B. origin C. resource D.root6. A.Deals B. Businesses C. Plans D.Contracts7. A.little B. further C. more D.few8. A.decline B. increase C. drop D.addition9. A.depressed B. dangerous C. safe D.excited10. A.crimes B. incidents C. affairs D.events11. A.reminder B. report C. message D.research12. A.easier B. impossible C. harder D.more likely13. A.expected B. forecast C. warmed D.imagined14. A.those B. these C. themselves D.universities15. A.as B. since C. for D.because完形填空7For a field supposedly starved of talent, data science seems to have been minting(造就)a lot of new experts in a hurry.The depth of interest was on display this week in San Francisco, where 1,600 people_____1___ for a data science summit ____2____ by Turi, a company run by University of Washington machine learning professor Carlos Guestrin.Mr. Guestrin argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists ——people trained to analyse large bodies of information 一key workers in this____3____ “cognitive” technology economy. Whether or not his argument is right, there is ____4____ a core of critical applications that ____5____ machine learning, led by recommendation programmes, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behaviour.The adaptation of what was until recently the preserve of research scientists into production- grade business applications could point to a ___6_____ change in corporate competitiveness. The companies ____7____ their skills in data science and machine learning at the Turi event — including Uber, Pinterest and Quora — were all born in the digital era.Some companies that grew up in the analogue (模拟数据的)world, such as Walmart,are also _____8___ massively in this field, says Anthony Goldbloom, chief executive of Kaggle, a company that runs online data science competitions. But he predicts that they are unlikely ever to catch up with Amazon and its like, which have a ____9____ start and are moving fast. Repeated across different sectors, that could point to wholesale change in industry leadership as intelligent systems take a more central role.One factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to ___10_____$ 150m a year on a single ___11_____— its movie recommendation system — and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into ____12____, says a person familiar with its applications.Many companies that were born digital — particularly internet outfits that have a lot of real time customer interactions to mine — are all-in ____13____ it comes to data science. Pinterest,for instance, ___14_____ more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to differentclasses of problems, and it constantly deals with requests from managers eager to use this resource to _____15___ their business problems, says Jure Leskovec, its chief scientist.1. A.turned up B. turned down C. turned in D.turned out2. A.created B. organized C. opened D.popularized3. A.increasing B. rising C. ascending D.emerging4. A.already B. rarely C. nearly D.almost5. A.consist of B. come from C. depend on D.lead to6. A.minor B. profound C. little D.neutral7. A.showing off B. showing around C. showing through D.showing up8. A.investing B. pouring C. benefiting D.drawing9. A.head B. first C. late st10. A.cost B. spend C. take D.consume11. A.machine B. program C. application D.project12. A.thinking B. account C. being D.imagination13. A.while B. as C. when D.until14. A.produces B. sells C. introduces D.maintains15. A.cause B. tackle C. keep D.face完形填空8There are Methuselahs (年岁极高的老人)among us. These aged wonders of the natural world do not stalk the earth but glide through Arctic waters. Scientists surveying Greenland sharks,previously thought to live up to 200 years, found that they have far___1_____lifespans.One specimen was calculated, give or take a century, to be ___2_____400 years old, born more than a century before the U. S. was founded.The discovery, reported last week in the journal Science y is a record for a vertebrate (脊柱动物), and potentially gives help to those____3____ the secrets of longevity. Anti-ageing enthusiasts insist that life is merely the absence of the processes that lead to death, and that human lifespan could be____4____ dramatically. Their philosophy is to treat ageing as a disease :treat the disease and life need not end.Sharks and rays usually ____5____ their ages through the calcium deposits laid down each year in hard structures such as fins, but Greenland sharks, the largest fish in northern waters, have no such ____6____. Instead, researchers, presented with 28 females caught accidentally in fishing nets, looked to sharks’ eye lenses. Tissues formed in the lens at birth remain unchanged;its radiocarbon (a radioactive isotope of carbon) content can be____7____to the known levels of radiocarbon in the marine environment stretching back 500 years. In effect, a shark’s eye lens contains a radiocarbon time-stamp of its birth.An international team,led by academics at the University of Copenhagen, showed that the largest sharks — one stretched to 5 m ——were generally the oldest, with one ____8____ at about 392 years old. The females are estimated to reach sexual maturity at 156. Their eyes also____9____a sobering window on human history: the lenses of the youngest fishes contained a “bomb pulse”,a distinctive radiocarbon signature ____10____ nuclear weapons testing.The study intones,rightly, that we should guard these centenarians of the deep; their leisurely ____11____of maturity and reproduction has obvious consequences for conservation. But it also shows there are potentially many longer-lived species than_____12___, raising questions anewabout whether there really is any natural bar to humans living for centuries. After all, life expectancy has been rising for decades _____13___ we conquer the challenges — malnutrition, disease, war, mishap — that hasten our passing. Three centuries ago, a person would be hard pushed to____14____40; some scientists think those born today stand a fighting____15____ of reaching 150.1. A.shorter B. longer C. smaller D.bigger2. A.rarely B. barely C. constantly D.nearly3. A.paying attention to B. searching for C. dedicating to D.reaching for4. A.expanded B. stretched C. extended D.kept5. A.conceal B. reveal C. exhibit D.illustrate6. A.structures B. parts C. vessels D.functions7. A.exposed B. matched C. opposed D.related8. A.calculated B. valued C. dated D.evaluated9. A.give B. show C. build D.provide10. A.resulting from B. resulting in C. leading to D.relying on11. A.rate B. ratio C. pace D.chance12. A.humans B. animals C. species anisms13. A.for B. although C. after D.as14. A. reach B. arrive C. get D. experience15. A. goal B. dream C. chance D. aim完形填空9Where does the drive to succeed come from? And if it ____1____ exceptional achievement (as defined by external norms such as power, status and wealth) does that have to go ___2_____ with being a troubled person?The latest evidence suggests that genes play little part and that nurture (后天培养)is_____3___, whether it be carrot or stick. In my case, _____4___, purely because I was the only boy with three sisters, I was treated completely differently by my father. Despite my repeated___5_____ at school, he constantly encouraged me to see myself as clever and I eventually did OK. He gave no such ____6____ to my sisters in their academic careers (fortunately, my mum did).I would go so far as to say that, had I been __7______ at conception(受孕)with one of my sisters, she would be writing these words. Each person’s ___8_____ history, starting before birth, sets them on particular ____9____, explaining why brothers and sisters differ.At the simplest level, performance is nurtured through teaching — for good or ill. I can teach my son his tables(乘法口诀表)but, ____10____, if I am a pickpocket by ____11____, show him how to do that.Then there is modelling. My driving is shamefully disobeying traffic regulations ( _____12___my father’s example) — perhaps my children will model that or perhaps they will______13__ my wife’s hard-working lawful approach. That ____14____our family vigor — perhaps my son will follow me;my daughter her mother. Which brings us to identification, in which the child makes the parent’s ____15____a part of themselves.1. A.results in B. picks up C. makes of D.grows up2. A.face to face B. step by step C. hand in hand D.on the spot3. A.serious B. satisfactory C. major D.critical4. A.as a result B. for instance C. however D.otherwise5. A.victory B. failure C. performance D.practice6. A.encouragement B. speech C. improvement D.honor7. A.lived B. related C. compared D.exchanged8. A.mature B. important C. especial D.unique9. A.paths B. accesses C. traces D.zones10. A.additionally B. consequently C. equally D.interestingly11. A.profession B. nature C. birth D.accident12. A.set up B. learned from C. took out D.returned to13. A.support B. oppose C. dislike D.copy14. A.focuses on B. depends on C. starts up D.follows up完形填空l0In office jobs,there’s one foolproof way to avoid being burdened with certain time-consuming tasks: develop a _____1___ for being rubbish at them. Act angrily and shocked around the coffee machine, or a jammed printer, and you’ll soon find nobody asks you to ___2_____ it next time around. There’s a broader (and less passive-aggressive) point here, about managing expectations in general: they’re ____3____ we’re judged by — so setting them too high is a recipe for being too ____4____.Hofstadter’s law, created by the cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter, states that things always take longer than you think — “ even when you take into _____5___ Hofstadter’s Law ” . ___6____: you just will underestimate how much time a task requires, even when you know that’s what you always do and try to plan ___7____. The best solution, if possible, is regularly scheduled blocks of hours, used as buffer(缓冲)zones. When it comes to planning your work or arranging meetings, ____8____ them as if they didn’t exist. Then, when they roll around, use them to finish whatever you’re____9____ on.A uniquely tricky cause of busyness is the ____10____ of procrastination(拖延症)— not leaving them too late, but doing them too___11_____, just to have them done with, even though waiting might have meant less effort overall. That’s how you ___12_____wasting a whole day on small things, in search of that satisfying sensation of having cleared the desks — when all the while, more important stuff is ___13_____. The secret truth, especially ____14____ to e-mail, is that neglecting something for a few days often makes it go away entirely: people find____15____ solutions to their problems.1. A.container B. reputation C. habit D.project2. A.do away with B. be satisfied with C. be angry with D.deal with3. A.what B. that C. anything D.nothing4. A.casual B. crowded C. busy D.stressful5. A.survey B. account C. research D.belief6. A.In summary B. In other words C. For example D.In addition7. A.diligently B. carefully C. previously D.accordingly8. A.think B. construct C. control D.treat9. A.behind B. late C. ahead D.dull10. A.key B. problem C. opposite D.rear11. A.advanced B. backward C. early D.front。

189-测试试卷-期末试卷及参考答案2022

189-测试试卷-期末试卷及参考答案2022

(D)购买一份较低协议价格的看涨期权,购买一份较高协议价格的看涨期权,
卖出两份协议价格介于前两者之间的看涨期权
7. 以下哪种期权交易策略在股价大涨和大跌时的收益是对称的(B)
(A)对角组合(Diagonal Spreads) (B)跨式组合(Straddle) (C)条式组合(Strip) (D)带式组合(Strap) 8. 以下期权交易策略中(B)在期初时不需要现金投入。 I) 用看涨期权构造的牛市差价组合 II) 用看涨期权构造的熊市差价组合 III) 用看跌期权构造的牛市差价组合 IV) 用看跌期权构造的熊市差价组合
2. 假设某一不支付红利的股票现价为 50 元。对于投资者来说,银行存款利率(rl)为
5.0%(连续复利),贷款利率(rb )为 5.3%(连续复利)。股票交易费率为 1%。 对于该股票的 3 个月远期价格,以下哪一个存在套利机会?(B)
(A)50.5 (B)50.0 (C)51.0 (D)50.8
投资者处在一个“风险中性世界”,在这个世界中,投资者对 dz 风险不敏感,所 有与 dz 风险相关的资产按照无风险利率增长,所有与 dz 风险相关的现金流均按
照无风险利率贴现。这便是“风险中性定价原理”。
(C)买入 40 份 S&P500 指数期货合约 (D)卖出 40 份 S&P500 指数期货合约
4. 某企业与银行签订远期利率协议(FRA),预计将在两个月后贷款人民币 1000 万
元,贷款期为半年。该 FRA 的种类和该企业在这份协议中持有的头寸为:(C)
(A)2×6,多头 (B)2×6, 空头
6. 蝶式差价组合可以通过(D)来构造。
(A)购买一份较低协议价格的看涨期权和卖出三份较高协议价格的看涨期权

---BBS行为安全观察与沟通实践及事故树分析

---BBS行为安全观察与沟通实践及事故树分析

有感领导(决策层 ) 有感领导如何引领安全进步
承诺
十大 安全理念
23个核心要素 53个子要素
程序和工具 标准和实践
决策层做不好安全是安环部的责任
五、有感领导涵盖层面(个人安全行动计划—责任系统具体体现) 不管你有怎样的系统,除非显示出有感领导,员工在安全方 面才能做得十分完美
u
强有力的个人参与
培养紧迫感、建立责任制、培养自觉性
最佳安全表现--- BBS行为安全观察与沟通实 --- FTA故障树分析
安全意识永远比安全工具重要 专注过程--而非结果 安全价值才会体现出来
LOGO
安全提示(领导力与影响力)
培训会场可能出现的安全风险
火灾 地震 其他
• 如何安全逃离危险区域
保持镇静 在引导员ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ指挥下有序地从安全通道疏散 到紧急集合点
互相依赖
• 帮助他人遵守 • 看护他人 • 为周围人做出贡献 • 关心个人 • 集体的荣誉
BBS实现需要高级管理层支持
优秀的企业安全文化和卓越的安全
管理业绩,必须也只能通过管理层的 “有感领导”来维持、推动和发展。
安全管理是一项“由上至下”“上 行下效”的管理过程!
《企业五年安全发展规划》
《五年安全发展规划》落地必须借助三大工具:小组活动;
视频:上海一外资—工厂入厂安全视频
安全表现率看板
停止工作
任何人都有权利和责任停止正在进行的工作
如果任何人对工作的安全有所怀疑 ,他有权停止工作,他的决定应予 以无条件的支持,即使他的判断是 错误的。
领导应使本部门员工知道,他的任 何对工作安全性的怀疑都是被支持 的。
停止
记住:不要等其他人来停止工作

DS-K1T321系列人脸识别终端快速启动指南说明书

DS-K1T321系列人脸识别终端快速启动指南说明书

DS-K1T321SeriesFace Recognition TerminalQuick Start GuideUD31158Btwo supplied ©2022Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.About this ManualThe Manual includes instruc�ons for using and managing the Product.Pictures,charts,images and all other informa�on hereina�er are for descrip�on and explana�on only.The informa�on contained in the Manual is subject to change,without no�ce,due to firmware updates or other reasons.Please find the latest version of this Manual at the Hikvision website (h�ps:///).Please use this Manual with the guidance and assistance of professionals trained in suppor�ng the Product.Trademarksand other Hikvision’s trademarks and logos are the proper�es of Hikvision in various jurisdic�ons.Other trademarks and logos men�oned are the proper�es of their respec�ve owners.DisclaimerTO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW,THIS MANUAL AND THE PRODUCT DESCRIBED,WITH ITS HARDWARE,SOFTWARE AND FIRMWARE,ARE PROVIDED “AS IS”AND “WITH ALL FAULTS AND ERRORS”.HIKVISION MAKES NO WARRANTIES,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION,MERCHANTABILITY ,SATISFACTORY QUALITY ,OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.THE USE OF THE PRODUCT BY YOU IS AT YOUR OWN RISK.IN NO EVENT WILL HIKVISION BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY SPECIAL,CONSEQUENTIAL,INCIDENTAL,OR INDIRECT DAMAGES,INCLUDING,AMONG OTHERS,DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS,BUSINESS INTERRUPTION,OR LOSS OF DATA,CORRUPTION OF SYSTEMS,OR LOSS OF DOCUMENTATION,WHETHER BASED ON BREACH OF CONTRACT,TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE),PRODUCT LIABILITY ,OR OTHERWISE,IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OF THE PRODUCT,EVEN IF HIKVISION HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR LOSS.YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE NATURE OF THE INTERNET PROVIDES FOR INHERENT SECURITY RISKS,AND HIKVISION SHALL NOT TAKE ANY RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ABNORMAL OPERATION,PRIVACY LEAKAGE OR OTHER DAMAGES RESULTING FROM CYBER-ATTACK,HACKER ATTACK,VIRUS INFECTION,OR OTHER INTERNET SECURITY RISKS;HOWEVER,HIKVISION WILL PROVIDE TIMELY TECHNICAL SUPPORT IF REQUIRED.YOU AGREE TO USE THIS PRODUCT IN COMPLIANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE LAWS,AND YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING THAT YOUR USE CONFORMS TO THE APPLICABLE LAW.ESPECIALLY ,YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE,FOR USING THIS PRODUCT IN A MANNER THAT DOES NOT INFRINGE ON THE RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES,INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION,RIGHTS OF PUBLICITY ,INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS,OR DATA PROTECTION AND OTHER PRIVACY RIGHTS.YOU SHALL NOT USE THIS PRODUCT FOR ANY PROHIBITED END-USES,INCLUDING THE DEVELOPMENT OR PRODUCTION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION,THE DEVELOPMENT OR PRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS,ANY ACTIVITIES IN THE CONTEXT RELATED TO ANY NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE OR UNSAFE NUCLEAR FUEL-CYCLE,OR IN SUPPORT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES.IN THE EVENT OF ANY CONFLICTS BETWEEN THIS MANUAL AND THE APPLICABLE LAW,THE LATTER PREVAILS.Data Protec�onDuring the use of device,personal data will be collected,stored and processed.To protect data,the development of Hikvision devices incorporates privacy by design principles.For example,for device with facial recogni�on features,biometrics data is stored in your device with encryp�on method;for fingerprint device,only fingerprint template will be saved,which is impossible to reconstruct a fingerprint image.As data controller,you are advised to collect,store,process and transfer data in accordance with the applicable data protec�on laws and regula�ons,including without limita�on,conduc�ng security controls to safeguard personal data,such as,implemen�ng reasonable administra�ve and physical security controls,conduct periodic reviews and assessments of the effec�veness of your security controls.Scan the QR code to get the user manual for detailed information.Warning!Safetypassword.When should The For STRONG We Steps。

《诗经8226;齐风》-中国古代最早少妇婚外偷情诗体小说

《诗经8226;齐风》-中国古代最早少妇婚外偷情诗体小说

《诗经&#8226;齐风》:中国古代最早少妇婚外偷情诗体小说【摘要】《齐风》是中国古代最早的少妇婚外偷情诗体小说。

《齐风》十一首不仅可以独立成篇,而且是一组连缀答歌组诗。

诗中女主人翁是位少妇人,男主人翁是位小伙子。

作者对此进行了分析研究,指出《齐风》中少妇偷情的主要原因在于其生理上的客观需求所致,次要原因在于贪恋男色。

诗体小说源于中国而非西方,中国小说的历史雏形应从西汉的《女娲补天》上溯到春秋中叶的《诗经》时代。

【关键词】齐风; 少妇淫色; 婚外偷情; 连缀答歌; 诗体小说Extra-marital affairs in ancient China described in the poetic novel “Qifeng the Book of Songs”HUANG YangNantong Municiple Communist Party School, Jiangsu 226007, China【Abstract】“Qifeng”is the earliest poetic novel describing the extra-marital affairs in ancient China. The eleven poems collected in this book can either form theindependent episodes, or be combined to constitute the whole story. The female protagonist in the story is a young married woman, while the male protagonist is a young chap. This paper analyzed this poetic novel and indicated that the extra-marital affairs described in this book are mainly caused by the physical sexual desire of the young female protagonist, and also by her salacity. Poetic novel originates from ancient China, not from western cultures. The earliest work of this literary style can be traced back to the “Autuman and Spring Period” when “the Book of Songs” was written and known to the public. 【Key words】Qifeng; The young married woman; Extra-marital affairs; Poetic novel《诗经》中的“风”诗作为“里巷歌谣之作,男女相与咏歌,各言其情”(朱熹《诗集传》)的性质已经成为大多数《诗经》研究学者的共识。

1-关于足球运动的粤语用词

1-关于足球运动的粤语用词

关于足球运‎动的粤语用‎词足球运动是‎全球第一大‎运动。

广州方言在‎足球运动的‎表述中有着‎自己独特的‎风格,鲜明的特色‎和丰富的感‎情。

只要打开电‎视看广东台‎、广州台的体‎育频道,若有足球转‎播(粤语),你就会听到‎解说员为您‎娓娓道来,其中还穿插‎很多足球名‎词。

因此,足球运动有‎着十分深厚‎的群众基础‎。

1.二个字的词‎语(二至六画)入波------进球了。

入替------换人,派5号替换‎8号下来入楔sit‎2拼命打进‎去,突破进去。

几劲------挺厉害的,挺卖力的。

力水------踢球时脚所‎发出力量的‎程度。

大贪------指进攻队员‎位置并不是‎很好,而另一队员正‎处于好的位‎置,但他却不传‎而选择自己‎射门,因贪功而浪‎费机会。

中栊------射门中目标‎。

中坚------球队主力队‎员开波------①足球赛季开‎始②中圈开球,即比赛开始‎升班------指上赛季获‎得了升级的‎机会,今年的赛季‎则成了“升班”左闸------左后卫。

右闸------右后卫出界------①出边线②出了底线包位------两三人包夹‎位置抢球包屘------①跑在了最后‎②排在积分榜‎的最后面龙门------①指球门②守门员。

头柱------指前门柱头搥------头球攻门。

甩波------球在脚下被‎人抢走甩脚------球脱离了自‎己的脚。

失位------①跑丢了自己‎的位置②自己是守这个位置‎,却经常跑到‎另一位置去‎失波------①带丢了球②指被对方攻‎破球门。

(六至八画)行(音:银行的行)住------看着,盯住他。

传波------传球后抽------①用脚后跟磕‎球②指用后脚去‎踢球后备------替补队员。

后柱------后门柱后上------①从后追上、插上②下半场才被‎换上场的球‎员好波------好球,脚法真好讲波------足球比赛的‎解说员,有现场讲解‎、电台转播、电视实况三‎种足球解说‎员。

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中国一季度GDP增长只有5%?看花旗在表演什么?
5月20日,美国花旗银行发布报告,再次质疑中国国家统计局发布的一季度GDP数据“远远高估”。

这是继上个月该银行抛出“6%论”之后的第二次,而这一次更加耸人听闻,该报告断言中国第一季度GDP的增长率可能只有5%。

不愧是华尔街出身的老牌金融机构,连续两次先声夺人,力度和时机都相当讲究,而且用意颇深。

美国经济复苏乏力,花旗质疑过美国的统计数据么?数据来源:世界银行
刻舟求剑
众所周知,任何一个国家的GDP统计和发布,都不是简单的事情,在统计上,需要遵循严格的统计流程与标准,在发布上,需要以国家主权信用做背书。

花旗公然挑战中国官方数据的真实性,其根据,要么是说中国的统计方法不够科学或违反流程,要么就是说
中国政府完全没有信用。

光天化日之下,这两大指控都非同小可,除非拿出真凭实据或给出充足理由,否则就涉嫌诽谤和名誉损害。

从报告中看,花旗的理由主要是,若综合“克强指数”、工业产出和名义GDP的变化,中国政府公布的7%,肯定是过高了。

为了得出一个预先想定的数值(无论出于什么目的),选择性地使用似是而非的另类计算方法,这在经济学和统计学界,属于初等游戏。

花旗银行作为深谙此道的老手,比一般菜鸟高明的是,它特意使用了在中国本国流行的“克强指数”,玩了一把以子之矛攻子之盾。

但这个花招,其实并无作用。

众所周知,“克强指数”只是判断经济形势的参考方法之一,并非放之四海而皆准的神器。

李克强总理任职辽宁省委书记时,曾以耗电量、铁路货运量和贷款发放量三个指标分析该省经济状况。

辽宁省作为重工业基地,这三项指标确实比较实事求是,比较有效。

但李克强出任总理后,并没有在全国范围内过多强调这个方法,更何况现在中国已处在结构转型与能源结构转变、节能减排的大背景下,而且正在步入“互联网+”时代,此指数即使
还可使用也只有参考价值了。

英国《经济学人》2010年将三项指标归纳为“克强指数”,并用来衡量中国GDP的“真实性”,本就是刻舟求剑之举。

众多西方金融机构趋之若鹜,背后的心思其实也不难猜到。

如果花旗银行真的认为“克强指数”比常规方法更科学,为什么不把它照搬到美国去衡量一番呢?花旗银行的经济学家们不会不明白,对美国这个今天去工业化、明天又再工业化的转型经济体,如果拿一套固定不变的指标进行评判,不知道会制造出多大的偏差来。

针对中国一季度GDP的报告,花旗给出了一个-2%的偏差。

但众所周知,一套完全不同的计算方法,本身就可能有高出几倍的系统公差,其结论可以说毫无意义。

花旗还有信用吗?
就在5月20日花旗银行挑战中国官方经济数据的同一天,美国司法部和美国联邦储备委员会宣布,对六大银行罚款58亿多美元,以惩罚它们在外汇市场操纵汇率的违法行为。

而花旗正是六大罪犯之一,它已就通过秘密聊天室共谋操纵美元和欧元价格的重罪指控认罪。

这当然不是第一次。

对于这家已有两百多年历史的老牌银行,认罪认罚早已是常态。

简单列举一下近年来几个较大的案件:
2014年8月,美国金融业监督管理局宣布,花旗集团将因名下的市场业务部门没有向顾客提供最佳定价,以及“有缺陷的”监管流程而接受250万美元的罚款并支付赔偿。

2014年7月,花旗集团与美国政府达成70亿美元的和解协议,以结束对该行出售按揭债券的调查。

此前,花旗故意歪曲按揭贷款质量,将其出售给投资者,对酿成金融危机作出了自己的“贡献”。

2013年10月,花旗集团同意因不恰当的证券研究行为,支付巨额罚款。

在相关研究报告公开前,花旗集团分析师向4家投资公司泄露了关于苹果公司和一家供应商的负面消息。

既然早已将弄虚作假、坑蒙拐骗当成家常便饭,早已将自身信誉当成废纸,将正式承诺当成泡沫,还在一本正经、煞有介事地质疑这个非议那个,调低这个拔高那个,到底是在玩什么呢?
金融集团的“政治金融学”
金融领域不同于实体经济,它建立在人们的心理活动之上。

心理活动引发市场波动,金融机构再利用
市场波动做空或做多。

大的金融集团不同于中小投资者,它们有能力操纵和制造市场波动,让波动朝着符合自己做空或做多的意愿来变化。

没有波动,投机资本便无利可图。

所以,金融集团天生就对重大的经济数据有兴趣。

既然市场波动与某些经济数据的发布有着非常明显的关联性,作为身兼投机商和分析师于一身的大型银行,怎么可能不利用其权威声音为自己的套利操作服务呢?
中国经济早已是世界经济的重要组成部分,季度GDP数据都受到全世界的关注,去年以来,中国经济逐渐步入深度调整期,这段时期发布的每一个主要数据都不可避免地引发全球市场的波动。

如此关键的一组事件链条,花旗这样的大银行怎么可能不想方设法踏足其中呢?
即使该银行的管理层不想昧着良心干坏事,它那些只问回报不管其他的股东们能答应吗?
说白了,就是这么一回事。

中国的市场经济也搞了三十几年了,资本主义金融操作的这一套,早已不新鲜了。

反过来设想一下,假如外国某家投资机构的投资人一致认定美国经济会在近期内走强,但是目前市场上的做多者太多,市场预期过高,不利于短期投
机操作;那么,如果这家机构恰恰在业界具有一定的话语权,可以提供有影响力的市场分析,这些手握巨资的投机商们会傻到不利用一下他们的“权威报告”吗?会仅仅因为良心上过不去就放弃一次可以利用虚假信息大把赚钱的机会吗?
资本的本性就是逐利,花旗银行本质上就是个资本家。

且不说它本来就劣迹斑斑(如果不是罪行累累的话),就算它一直表现良好,它也决不可能发布任何虽然符合事实但不符合自身利益的“分析报告”。

这就叫“政治金融学”,与金融技术分属两个不同学科,大学教科书里完全见不到。

但恰恰这门隐秘学问才是老牌跨国金融集团真正的看家本领。

花旗在中国业务颇多:在北京、上海、广州、深圳、大连、天津和南京设立企业与投资银行分行;20 04年成为首家在华开设财富管理中心的外资银行;是上海证券市场B股美元清算的唯一外资银行以及中国外汇交易中心美元清算的主要银行;是首批获准从事人民币银行业务的外资银行;一度还持有上海浦东发展银行的股份,合作发行信用卡……。

所以,它也算是个中国通了。

它完全明白,中国经济当前的下行压力很大,不少人产生了焦虑情绪,这个时候玩一点火上浇油甚至串联造势的把戏,会很容易达到效果。

以研究、预测为外皮的“报告”,玩故意唱空这种虽不违法但性质恶劣的“政治金融”操作,公然蔑视中国国家主权信用,等于公然指责中国国家统计局作假欺瞒全世界,不拿出点证据事实来,在中国大发横财的花旗银行,胆子可真大呀!至少中国的民间社会还是应该对其有所警惕。

花旗最新的这一次表演,又给了中国人一个好机会,观察美式的“政治金融学”如何表演。

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