UR132-22-AF5-3-R中文资料
MALPEYV00AV447C02W中文资料
N
1 = Positive terminal 5 = Negative terminal Case Ø D = 30 mm and 35 mm
Fig.3 Printed wiring pin version
Fig.4 Mounting hole pattern viewed from the component side
2
For technical questions, contact: aluminumcaps2@
ES I
40 x 70 40 x 100 1.3 (3 x) 12.5 ± 0.1 2.5 2 5 1 3
Document Number: 25126 Revision: 21-Aug-08
N
3
2 5 3
元器件交易网
EYV
Vishay Roederstein
Aluminum Capacitors Power Printed Wiring Style
ORDERING EXAMPLE
10 000 µF/25 V; - 10/+ 30 % Nominal case size: Ø 35 x 50 mm
IEC 60384-4/EN130300
FO
SELECTION CHART FOR CR, UR AND RELEVANT NOMINAL CASE SIZES (Ø D x L in mm)
CR (µF) 470 680 1000 1500 2200 3300 4700 6800 UR (V) 16 25 25 x 30 25 x 40 30 x 40 35 x 40 35 x 50 40 x 40 40 x 50 40 x 70 40 x 100 40 25 x 30 25 x 40 30 x 40 35 x 40 35 x 50 40 x 40 40 x 50 40 x 70 40 x 100 63 25 x 30 25 x 40 30 x 40 35 x 40 35 x 50 40 x 40 40 x 50 40 x 70 40 x 100 100 25 x 30 25 x 40 30 x 40 35 x 40 35 x 50 40 x 40 40 x 50 40 x 70 40 x 100 1 10 25 x 30 25 x 40 30 x 40 35 x 40 35 x 50 40 x 40 40 x 50 40 x 70 40 x 100 25 x 30 25 x 40 30 x 40 35 x 40 35 x 50 40 x 40 40 x 50 40 x 70 40 x 100 -
西门子开关与保护设备-过载继电器
- -
- - 3RU51 46-4JB1 3RU51 46-4KB1
3RU51 46-4LB1 3RU51 46-4MB1
4) 最大的熔断器规格。
4/4
开
关
SIRIUS(国产)3RU6 / 3RU5 热过载继电器
与 保
护
3RU5 热过载继电器
设
备
选型和订货信息
螺钉接线端子,与接触器插接 1)或独立安装,CLASS 10
功能和结构: • 过载和缺相保护 • 辅助触点 1 NO + 1 NC • 手动/自动复位
• 开关位置指示 • 测试功能 • 停止按钮
3RU61 16-0AB0 3RU61 16-0BB0 3RU61 16-0CB0 3RU61 16-0DB0
3RU61 16-0EB0 3RU61 16-0FB0 3RU61 16-0GB0 3RU61 16-0HB0
3RU61 16-0JB0 3RU61 16-0KB0 3RU61 16-1AB0 3RU61 16-1BB0
开关与保护设备
电动机保护断路器 接触器和接触器组合 中间继电器 过载继电器 软起动器
开关与保护设备
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
国产过载继电器
SIRIUS(国产)3RU6/3RU5 热过载继电器 4/2 介绍 4/3 通用数据 3RU6/3RU5 热过载继电器 4/4 选型和订货信息 3UA6 热过载继电器 4/6 选型和订货信息 4/7 附件 4/7 选型和订货信息
至 +80 ºC 的温度范围,上限设定值必须按下表中给定的修
正系数进行修正。
图:3RU61 26 热过载继电器
与接触器连接的插接件: 与接触器进行完美的电气和机械连接。通过这些插接件, 过载继电器可以直接与接触器进行插接。也可选择独立安 装支座实现独立安装。
艾默生型号大全
艾默生CT变频器代理商咨询电话:0755-******** QQ:2407299229EV1000、EV2000高性能通用型艾默生变频器G为恒转矩负载,P为风机水泵负载(EV1000:0.4-5.5KW EV2000:5.5-280KW)EV1000-2S0004G 单相220VAC 0.4KW EV1000-2S0007G 单相220VAC0.75KW EV1000-2S0015G 单相220VAC 1.5KW EV1000-2S0022G 单相220VAC 2.2KW EV1000-4T0007G 三相380VAC0.75KW EV1000-4T0015G 三相380VAC1.5KW EV1000-4T0022G 三相380VAC2.2KW EV1000-4T0037G 三相380VAC3.7KW EV1000-4T0055G 三相380VAC5.5KW EV1000-4T0037P 三相380VAC3.7KW EV1000-4T0055P 三相380VAC 5.5KWEV2000-4T0055G/0075P 5.5KW/7.5KW EV2000-4T0075G/0110P7.5KW/11KW EV2000-4T0110G/0150P 11KW/15KW EV2000-4T0150G/1085P 15KW/18.5KW EV2000-4T0185G1/0220P118.5KW/22KW EV2000-4T0220G1/0300P1 22KW/30KW EV2000-4T0300G1/0370P1 30KW/37KW EV2000-4T0370G/0450P37KW/45KW EV2000-4T0450G1/0550P1 45KW/55KW EV2000-4T0550G 55KW EV2000-4T0750G 75KW EV2000-4T0900G 90KW EV2000-4T1100G 110KW EV2000-4T1320G 132KW EV2000-4T1600G 160KW EV2000-4T2000G 200KW EV2000-4T2200G 220KW EV2000-4T0750P 75KW EV2000-4T0900P 90KW EV2000-4T1100P 110KW EV2000-4T1320P 132KW EV2000-4T1600P 160KW EV2000-4T2000P 200KW EV2000-4T2200P 220KW EV2000-4T2800P 280KWEV3000系列矢量艾默生变频器(2.2KW-220KW)EV3000艾默生变频器是高品质、多功能、低噪音的矢量控制通用变频器。
WEBs 应用手册说明书
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YE4系列(IE4)高效率三相异步电动机样本
表4 产品性能数据
堵转 电流 额定 电流
效率 %
功率 因数 cosφ
额定 转矩 N·m
步 转 速 3000 r/min
7.0 84.9 0.82 2.5
7.3 86.7 0.83 3.6
7.6 87.5 0.84 4.9
7.6 89.1 0.85 7.2
7.8 89.7 0.87 9.9
8.3 90.3
96.0
423
96.2
513
96.3
641
7.2 96.4 0.91 800
96.5
1008
96.6
1137
堵转 转矩 额定 转矩
最大 转矩 额定 转矩
(2P)
2.8
2.8 2.5
2.8
2.5 2.5
2.2 2.2
2.0
转动 惯量 kgm2
噪声
声功率级 净重
dB(A)
kg
空载 负载
0.0010
0.0013 62
图1
YE4 与 YE3 系列电动机效率对比值
1
以 15kW-4P 电动机为例对 YE3 电机与 YE4 电机原材料使用情况与节能情况进行对比分析,原材料
的使用情况具体(见表 1)。
表1 YE3 和 YE4 电动机原材料使用情况
产品型号
铜线重量 硅钢片重量 铝重量
备注
YE3 160L-4 15kW 12.08kg 110.33kg 3.67kg 需要常用的工艺要求和严格的质量保证
本 系 列 电 动机 机 座号 范围 为 80 ~ 355 , 功率 等 级和 安 装 尺 寸符 合 GB/T4772.1/IEC 60072-1和 GB/T4772.2/ IEC 60072-2标准的规定。
天津市第四中学2022-2023学年高一下学期3月阶段性练习数学试题
|
,
uuur 则 AE
uuur = 4, AF
= 1,所以在等腰直角 VABC 中, PE = 1, BE = 1
,所以 AB = 5 ,
即腰长为
5,故
VABC
的面积
S
=
1 2
´
5
´
5
=
25 2
.
故答案为: 25 . 2
12.
æ çè
-
12 13
,
-
5 13
ö ÷ø
【解析】根据与
ar
反向的单位向量为
uuur AB
+
m 1+ m
uuur AC
uuur NB
=
uuur AB
-
uuur AN
=
uuur AB
-
1 2
uuur AC
,
uuur AP
=
uuur AN
+
uuur NP
=
1 2
uuur AC
+
1 1+ l
uuur NB
=
1 1+ l
uuur AB
+
2
l + 2l
uuur AC
ì1
根据平面向量基本定理,可得
+
ur e1
( ) ( ) 4.若向量 ar,br 满足: ar
= 1,
ar
+
r b
^ ar,
2ar
+
r b
rr ^ b,则 b
=
A.2
B. 2
C.1
D. 2 2
5.已知点
A
湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中数学试题
(2)若
AB
=
42 3
,求
Q
点的坐标.
七、解答题
20.设抛物线 y2 = 2 px ( p > 0) 的准线为 l,A、B 为抛物线上两动点, AA¢ ^ l 于 A¢ ,定
点 K (0,1) 使 KA + AA¢ 有最小值 2 .
(1)求抛物线的方程;
(2)当
uuur KA
=
uuur l KB
(
l
1.A
参考答案:
【分析】根据法向量
r u
=
(1,
2,
-1)
,
r v
=
(-3,
-6,
3)
,可得
r v
=
r -3u
,可得法向量
r v
和
r u
平行即可
得解.
【详解】由
r v
=
r -3u
,
所以法向量
r v
和
r u
平行,
所以平面a 和 b 平行, 故选:A. 2.A 【分析】设 5 人分到的面包数量从小到大记为{an},设公差为d ,可得
uuur uuuur uAuuNr × BuuMuur AN × BM
=
3 5´
= 6
30 10 .
故 BM 与 NA 所成的角的余弦值为 30 . 10
故选:C. 5.A
【分析】由椭圆方程求得半焦距 c ,则渐近线方程及焦点位置设出双曲线方程,再由半焦
距 c 求得参数值得双曲线标准方程.
c= 【详解】由题意知
A. -
30 10
B. 30 6
C. 30 10
D. -
30 6
科尔摩根电机选型手册PLATINUM_DDL_Motor_C
定子
N
S
绕组 气隙
滑块
旋转
永磁体
底座
转子电机
直线电机
沿径向剖开并拉直的旋转电机
机没有铁芯或用于缠绕线圈的长槽。因此,无铁芯电机具 有零齿槽效应、非常轻的质量以及在线圈总成与永磁体总 成之间绝对没有吸引力。这些特性非常适合需要极低轴承 摩擦力、轻载荷高加速度,以及能在极小的恒定速度下运 行(甚至是在超低速度下)。模块化永磁体总成由双排永磁 体总成组成,以产生成最大的推力,并形成磁通返回的路径。
反馈类型:
所有无刷电机均需要用于换向的反馈。常规旋转电机通常 利用一个安装在电机后面的旋变或一体化安装在线圈绕组 上的霍耳效应装置。对于一台直线电机,也可通过各种方 法实现换向反馈。 科尔摩根公司可提供适合 PLATINUM® DDL 系列直线电机的数字型或线性霍耳效应装置,与旋转 电机一样,驱动电子器件实现直线电机换向。
槽效应; • 高电机常数(Km); • 高推力密度; • ICD 系列电机的优点:
参考文献——精选推荐
参考文献1.交际法英语教学和考试评估,徐强,上海外语教育出版社2002. 12.英语教学策略论,王笃勤外语教学与研究出版社2003. 93.语言问题求教集,王宗炎,外语教学与研究出版社2003.34.现代语言学的特点和发展趋势,戚雨村,上海外语教育出版社2001. 25.A New Introduction to Pragmatics新编语用学概要, 何兆熊, 上海外语教育出版社2001.86.中国大学生英语作文评改毛荣贵Dorine S.Houston 上海交通大学出版社1998. 47.英语教师行动研究,王蔷外语教学与研究出版社2002,118.Concise History of the English Language 英语简史, 费尔南德。
莫塞,水天同等译,外语教学与研究出版社,2000。
89.英语课堂教学形成性评价研究, 罗少茜,外语教学与研究出版社2003. 4nguage, Culture and Translating, Eugene A. Nida 上海外语教育出版社, 1999,911.The Learner-centered Curriculum A Study in Second Language Teaching, David Nunan 学习者为中心的课程研究, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 312.Linguistics, H.G. Widdowson语言学, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 313.Sociolinguistics, Bernard Spolsky社会语言学, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 314.Psycholinguistics, Thomas Scovel心理语言学上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 315.Second Language Acquisition, Rod Ellis第二语言习得, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 316.Pragmatics, George Y ule语用学上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 3nguage and Culture, Clair Kramsch语言与文化, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 318.英语词汇学教程, A Survey of English Lexicology, 汪榕培,卢晓娟,上海外语教育出版社, 1998, 419.The English Language,R. W.Burchfield,话说英语,牛津大学出版社,外研社1992, 120.A Survey of Modern Second Language Learning & Teaching, 王立菲,现代外语教学论,上海教育出版社, 2000,1121.A History of English Language Teaching, A. P.R. Howatt语言教学史, 上海外语教育出版社, 1999, 622.具有中国特色的英语教学法, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 823.Context and Culture in Language Teaching, Claire Kramsch语言教学的环境与文化, 上海外语教育出版社, 1999, 1224.Teaching Language as Communication, H. G. Widdowson语言教学交际法, 上海外语教育出版社, 1999, 1225.Aspects of Language Teaching, H. G. Widdowson语言教学面面观, 上海外语教育出版社,1999, 1226.Discourse and Literature, Guy Cook话语与文学, 上海外语教育出版社, 1999, 1227.外语教学心理学, 朱纯, 上海外语教育出版社, 2000, 328.V ocabulary, Semantics and Language Education词汇、语义学和语言教育, 外语教学与研究出版社,剑桥大学出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Cambridge University Press29.Principles of Course Design for Language Teaching, Hatch and Brown语言教学课程设计原理, 外语教学与研究出版社,剑桥大学出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Cambridge University Press30.Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, Y alden语言学习与语言教学的原则, 外语教学与研究出版社,剑桥大学出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Cambridge University Press31.Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics: A Handbook for Language Teaching,Johnson and Johnson应用语言学百科词典:语言教学手册, 外语教学与研究出版社,剑桥大学出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Cambridge University Press 32.A Course in Language Teaching Practice and Theory, Ur 语言教学教程:实践与理论, 外语教学与研究出版社,剑桥大学出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Cambridge University Press剑桥应用语言学丛书(外研社)General Linguistics普通语言学Aronoff, M.et aI.(eds) The Handbook of Linguistics语言学综览Beaugrande,R.D.Linguistic Theory:The Discourse of Fundamental Works语言学理论:对基要原著的语篇研究Bloomfield.L.Language语言论Poole,S.An Introduction to the study of Speech语言学入门Radford,A.et a1.Linguistics:An Introduction语言学教程Robins.R.H General Linguistics普通语言学概论Spair,E Language: An Introduction to the Studyof Speech 语言论:言语研究导论Saussure.F.D Course in General Linguistics普通语言学教程Yule.G The Study of Language Second edition语言研究Phonetics and Phonology 语音学与音系学Chen.M.Y Tome Sandhi:Patterns across Chinese Dialects汉语方言的连读变调模式Clark,J.et al An htroduction to Phonetics and PhonologySecond edition语音学与音系学入门Cruttenden,A.(ed) Gimson’s Pronunciation of English Sixth Edition吉姆森英语语音教程Gussenhoven.C.et al Understanding Phonology音系学通解Kager.R Optimality Theory 优选论Roach.P English Phonetics and Phonology:A Practical Course Secondedition 英语语音学与音系学实用教程Syntax句法学Baltin,M.et a1.(eds) The Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory当代句法理论通览Chomsky,N Knowledge of Language:Its Nature,Origin,and Use语言知识:其性质、来源及使用Cook.V Chomsky's Universal Grammar:An Introduction Second edition乔姆斯基的普遍语法教程Ouhalla,J Introducing Transformational Grammar:From Principles and Parameters to Minimalism Second edition转换生成语法导论:从原则参数到最简方案Radford.A Syntax:A Minimalist Introduction句法学:最简方案导论Radford.A Transformational Grammar:A First Course转换生成语法教程Smith.N Chomsky:Ideas and Ideals乔姆斯基:思想与理想Semantics语义学Lappin,S.(ed) The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory当代语义理论指南Lyons,J Linguistic Semantics An Introduction语义学引论Saeed,J.I Semantics语义学Morphology 形态学Matthews.P.H.Morphology Second edition形态学Packard,J.L The Morphology of Chinese:A Linguistic and Cognitive Approach 汉语形态学:语言认知研究法Pragmatics 语用学Mey,J.L. Pragmatic:An Introduction Second edition语用学引论Levinson.S.C Pragmatics语用学Peccei,J.S Pragmatics语用学Sperber,D.et al Relevance:Communication and Cognition Second edition关联性:交际与认知Verschueren,J Understanding Pragmatics语用学新解Discourse Analysis话语分析Brown.G.et al Discourse Analysis话语分析Gee,J.P An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory & Method话语分析入门:理论与方法Philosophy 0f Language语言哲学Austin,J.L How to Do Things with Words Second edition如何以言行事Grice.H.P Studies in the Way of Words言辞用法研究Searle,J.R Speech Acts:An Essay in the Philosophy of Language言语行为:语言哲学论Searle,J.R Expression and Meaning:Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts 表述和意义:言语行为研究Language 0rigin语言起源Aitchison,J. The Seeds of Speech:Language Origin and Evolution言语的萌发:语言起源与进化History of Linguistics语言学史Robins,R.H. A Short History of Linguistics Fourth edition语言学简史Lexicography词典学Bej 0int,H Modern Lexicography:An Introduction现代词典学入门Cowie.A.P English Dictionaries for Foreign Learners:A History英语学习词典史Hartmann.R.R.K.et al Dictionary of Lexicography词典学词典Stylistics文体学Leech.G.N A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法Leech.G.N.et al Style in Fiction:A Linguistic Introduction to EnglishFictional Prose小说文体论:英语小说的语言学入门Thomborrow,J.et al Patterns in Language:Stylistics for Students of Languageand Literature语言模式:文体学入门Wright,L.et al Stylistics:A Practical Coursebook 实用文体学教程Typology语言类型学Croft.W.Typology and Universals语言类型学与普遍语法特征Anthropological Linguistics人类语言学Foley,W. An Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction人类语言学入门Sociolinguistics 社会语言学Coulmas,F.(ed) The Handbook of Sociolinguistics社会语言学通览Crystal.D English as a Global Language英语:全球通用语Fasold.R The Sociolinguistics of Language社会语言学Hudson.R.A Sociolinguistics Second edition社会语言学教程Wardhaugh,R Introduction to Sociolinguistics Third edition社会语言学引论Psycholinguistics心理语言学Aitchison,J The Articulate Mammal:An Introduction to PsycholinguisticsFourth edition 会说话的哺乳动物:心理语言学入门Carroll.D.W Psychology of Language Third edition语言心理学Intercultural Communication文化交际Samovar.L.A.et al Communication Between Cultures Second edition跨文化交际Scollon.R.et aI. Intercultural Communication:A Discourse Analysis跨文化交际:语篇分析法Translatology 翻译学Taylor Baker.M. 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Child Language New edition 儿童语言Second Language Acquisition第二语言习得Cohen.A.D Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language学习和运用第二语言的策略Cook.V Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition语言学和第二语言习得Cook.V Second Language Learning and Language Teaching Second edition 第二语言学习与教学James,C Errors in Language Learning and Use:Exploring Error Analysis 语言学习和语言使用中的错误:错误分析探讨Larsen-Freeman.D.et a1 An Introduction Second Language Acquisition Research第二语言习得研究概况Nunan.D Second Language Teaching and Learning第二语言教与学Reid,J.M Learning Styles in the ESL/EFL Classroom ESL/EFL英语课堂上的学习风格Richards,J.C.et al Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms第二语言课堂教学反思Language Education语言教育Brown.H.D Principles of Language Learning and Teaching Third edition 语言学习和语言教学的原则Brown.H.D Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to LanguagePedagogy 根据原理教学:交互式语言教学Brown,J.D The Elements of Language Curriculum: A Systematic Approach to Program Development语言教学大纲要素:课程设计系统法Harmer,J How to Teach English怎样教英语Hatch,E.et a1 Vocabulary, Semantics and Language Education词汇、语义学和语言教育Johnson,K An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching外语学习与教学导论Richards,J.et a1 Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching语言教学的流派Trudgill,P.et al International English Third edition英语:国际通用语Ur.P A Course in Language Teaching:Practice and Theory语言教学教程:实践与理论Research Method研究方法McDonotlgh,J.et al Research Methods for English Language Teachers英语教学科研方法Slade.C Form and Style:Research Papers,Reports,Theses Tenth edition如何写研究论文与学术报告Thomas,J.et al. (eds) Using Corpora,for Language Research用语料库研究语言Wray,A.et al Projects in Linguistics:A Practical Guide to Researching Language 语言学课题:语言研究实用指南Testing测试学Alderson,J.C.et al Language Test Construction and Evolution语言测试的设计与评估Bachman,L.F.et al Interfaces between Second Language Acquisition and LanguageTesting Research 第二语言习得与语言测试研究的接口Davies。
CM-MSS.32P 热电机保护继电器产品说明书
Overvoltage Category Pollution Degree Short-Circuit Protective Devices Electrical Durability Mechanical Durability Connecting Capacity
CM-MSS.32P
4
Categories
Low Voltage Products and Systems → Control Products → Electronic Relays and Controls → Thermistor Motor Protection Relays
Wire Stripping Length Mounting Position Mounting on DIN Rail
Standards
2
103.7 mm
0.12 kg
box 1 piece 97 mm
109 mm 30 mm
0.146 g
4013614496578
1 sensor circuit Short-circuit detection Dynamic interrupted wire detection Auto, manual or remote reset
free Easy Connect Technology with push-in terminals.
4013614496578 1 piece
85364900
22.5 mm 85.6 mm
CM-MSS.32P
Product Net Depth / Length Product Net Weight
德国材料号表
1.4000 X6Cr131.4001 X7Cr141.4002 X6CrAl131.4003 X2Cr11/X2CrNi12 1.4005 X 12 CrS131.4006 X10Cr131.4008 G-X8CrNi131.4011 GX12Cr12-B1.4016 X6Cr171.4021 X20Cr131.4024 X15Cr131.4027 G-X20Cr141.4028 X 30 Cr 131.4034 X46Cr131.4057 X20CrNi1721.4059 G-X22CrNi171.4085 G-X70Cr291.4086 G-X120Cr291.4104 X12CrMoS171.4106 G-X10CrMo13 1.4112 X 90 CrMoV 18 1.4113 X6CrMo1711.4117 X38CrMoV151.4120 G-X20CrMo13 1.4122 G-X35CrMo17 1.4125 X 105 Cr Mo 17 1.4136 G-X70CrMo29-2 1.4138 G-X120CrMo29-2 1.4300 X12CrNi18-81.4301 X5CrNi18-101.4303 X 5 CrNi 18.12 1.4305 X10CrNiSi89 1.4306 G-X2CrNi19-11 1.4308 G-X6CrNi18-9 1.4308 GX5CrNi19-10 1.4309 GX2CrNi19-11 1.4310 X12CrNi1771.4311 X2CrNiNb1810 1.4312 G-X10CrNi18-8 1.4313 G-X5CrNi13-4 1.4317 GX4CrNi13-41.4335 X 1 CrNi 25.21 1.4336 G-X20CrNi248 1.4339 G-X30CrNi28 101.4340 G-X40CrNi27-41.4347 G-X8CrNi26-71.4347 GX6CrNiN27-61.4350 X5CrNi1891.4361 X 1 CrNiSi 18.151.4362 2 CrNiN 23.41.4401 X5CrNiMo17121.4404 G-X2CrNiMo18-101.4405 G-X5CrNiMo16-51.4406 GX4CrNiMo16-5-1 1.4407 G-X5CrNiMo13 41.4408 G-X6CrNiMo18-10 1.4408 GX7CrNiMo12-11.4408 GX5CrNiMo19-11-2 1.4409 GX2CrNiMo19-11-2 1.4410 G-X10CrNiMo18-9 1.4411 GX4CrNiMo16-5-2 1.4412 GX5CrNiMo19-11-3 1.4413 G-X3CrNiMo13 41.4414 G-X4CrNiMo13 41.4416 GX2NiCrMoN25-20-5 1.4417 GX2CrNiMoN25-7-3 1.4418 X4CrNiMo16-51.4429 X2CrNiMoN18121.4435 X2CrNiMo18 14 31.4436 X5CrNiMo17 13 31.4438 X2CrNiMo17-13-31.4439 G-X3CrNiMoN17-13-9 1.4446 G-X2CrNiMoN17-13-4 1.4446 GX2CrNiMoN17-13-4 1.4448 G-X6CrNiMo17-13 1.4449 X 5 CrNiMo 17.131.4458 GX2CrNiMo28-20-2 1.4460 X8CrNiMo27-51.4460 X 3 CrNiMoN 27.5.2 1.4462 X 2 CrNiMoN 22.5.31.4463 G-X6CrNiMo24-8-22.4464 G-X40CrNiMo27 5 1.4465 G-X2CrNiMoN25-25 1.4466 X2CrNiMoN25221.4468 GX2CrNiMoN22-6-3 1.4469 GX2CrNiMoN26-7-4 1.4470 GX2CrNiMoN22-5-3 1.4500 G-X7NiCrMoCuNb25201.4501 X 2 CrNiMoCuWN 25.7.4 1.4505 X 4 NiCrMoCuNb 20.18.2 1.4506 X2CrNiMoN17 13 31.4507 X 2 CrNiMoCuN 25.6.31.4510 X6CrTi171.4517 GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-31.4525 GX5CrNiCu16-41.4527 GX4NiCrCuMo30-20-41.4531 G-X2NiCrMoCuN20-181.4536 G-X2NiCrMoCuN25-201.45391.4540 G-X4CrNiCuNb16-41.4541 X6CrNiTi18101.4542 X5 CrNiCuNb 16.41.4548 X5 CrNiCuNb 16.41.4550 X6CrNiNb18101.4552 G-X5CrNiNb18-91.4552 GX5CrNiNb19-111.45631.4565 X 2 CrNiMnMoNbN 25.18.5.41.4568 X 7 CrNiAl 17.71.4571 X6CrNiMoTi171221.4577 X 3 CrNiMoTi 25.251.4580 X6CrNiMoNb171221.4581 G-X5CrNiMoNb18-101.4581 GX5CrNiMoNb19-11-21.4582 X 10 CrNiMoNb 18.121.4583 G-X10CrNiMoNb18-121.4584 GX2NiCrMoCu25-20-51.4585 G-X7CrNiMoCuNb18-18 1.4587 GX2NiCrMoCuN29-25-5 1.4588 GX2NiCrMoCuN25-20-51.4593 GX2NiCrMoCuN20-18-6 1.4710 GX30CrSi61.4713 X 10 CrAl 71.4718 X45CrSi931.4724 X10CrAl131.4729 GX40CrSi131.4740 GX40CrSi171.4742 X10CrAl181.4745 GX40CrSi231.4749 X 18 CrN 281.4757 X80CrNiSi201.4762 X10CrAl241.4776 GX40CrSi291.4777 GX130CrSi291.4821 X 20 CrNiSi 25.41.4823 GX40CrNiSi27 4 1.4825 GX25CrNiSi18 91.4826 GX40CrNiSi22 91.4828 X15CrNiSi20121.4832 X25CrNiSi20141.4833 X 6 CrNi 22.131.4837 X40CrNiSi25121.4841 X 15 CrNiSi 25.201.4845 X12CrNi25211.4848 GX40CrNiSi25 20 1.4849 GX40CrNiSiNb38 18 1.4852 GX40CrNiSiNb35 25 1.4855 GX30CrNiSiNb24 24 1.4857 GX40CrNiSi35 251.4859 GX10NiCrNbSi32-20 1.4864 X12NiCrSi36161.4865 G-X40NiCrSi3818 1.4868 GX50CrNiSi30-30 1.4871 X53CrMnNiN219 1.4876 X 10 NiCrAlTi 32.20 1.4878 X12CrNiTi1891.4893 X 8 CrNiSiN 21.11 1.4919 X 6 CrNiMo 17.13 1.4948 X 6 CrNi 18.111.4958 X 5 NiCrAlTi 31.20 1.4959 X 8 NiCrAlTi 31.21 1.6900 X 12CrNi18 91.6902 G-X6CrNi18101.6905 X10CrNiNb18-102.0872 CuNi 10 Fe2.0882 CuNi 30 Fe2.4066 Ni 99,22.4068 LC - Ni 992.4360 NiCu 30 Fe2.4375 NiCu 30 AI2.4537 G-NiMo16CrW2.4602 NiCr 21 Mo 14 W 2.4603 NiCr 30 FeMo2.4603 NiCr 22 Fe 18 Mo2.4605 NiCr 23 Mo 16 Al2.4610 NiMo 16 Cr 16 Ti2.4617 NiMo 282.4618 NiCr 22 Mo 6 Cu2.4619 NiCr 22 Mo 7 Cu2.4630 NiCr 20 Ti2.4631 NiCr 20 TiAl2.4632 NiCr 20 Co 18 Ti2.4633 NiCr 25 FeAl2.4634 NiCo 20 Cr 15 Mo Al Ti 2.4642 NiCr 29 Fe2.4660 NiCr 20 CuMo2.4663 NiCr 23 Co 12 Mo2.4665 NiCr 22 Fe 18 Mo 2.4668 NiCr 19 NbMo2.4669 NiCr 15 Fe 7 TiAl 2.4778 G-CoCr 282.4810 G-NiMo302.4816 NiCr 15 Fe2.4819 NiMo 16 Cr 15 W2.4851 NiCr 23 Fe2.4856 NiCr 22 Mo 9 Nb2.4858 NiCr 21 Mo2.4879 G-NiCr28W2.4951 NiCr 20 Ti2.4952 NiCr 20 TiAl2.4969 NiCr 20 Co 18 Ti3.70253.70353.70553.70653.71643.71653.7225 Ti Pb3.7235 Ti II Pb0.6010 GG100.60120.6015 GG150.60170.6018 GG180.6020 GG200.6022 GG220.6025 GG250.60270.6030 GG300.60320.6035 GG350.60370.6652 GGL-NiMn13 7 0.6655 GGL-NiCuCr15 6 2 0.6656 GGL-NiCuCr15 6 3 0.6660 GGL-NiCr20 20.6661 GGL-NiCr20 30.6667 GGL-NiSiCr20 5 3 0.6676 GGL-NiCr30 30.6680 GGL-NiSiCr30 5 5 0.7033 GGG-35.30.7040 GGG-400.7042 GGG-420.7043 GGG-40.30.7050 GGG-500.7060 GGG-600.7070 GGG-700.7080 GGG-800.7652 GGG-NiMn13 7 0.7659 GGG-NiCrNb20 2 0.7660 GGG-NiCr20 20.7661 GGG-NiCr20 30.7665 GGG-NiSiCr20 5 2 0.7670 GGG-Ni220.7673 GGG-NiMn23 40.7676 GGG-NiCr30 30.7677 GGG-NiCr30 10.7679 GGG-NiSiCr30 5 2 0.7680 GGG-NiSiCr30 5 5 0.7683 GGG-Ni350.7685 GGG-NiCr35 30.7688 GGG-NiSiCr35 5 2 0.8035 GTW35-040.8040 GTW40-050.8038 GTW45-070.8040 GTW38-120.8135 GTS-35-100.8145 GTS-45-060.8155 GTS-55-040.8165 GTS-65-020.8170 GTS-70-020.9610 G-X300NiMo3Mg0.9620 G-X260NiCr420.9625 G-X330NiCr0.9630 G-X300CrNi9520.9635 G-X300CrMo1530.9640 G-X300CrMoNi1520 0.9645 G-X260CrMoNi20210.9650 G-X260Cr270.9655 G-X300CrMo2711.0420 GS-38.31.0443 GS-451.0446 GS-45.31.0552 GS-521.0558 GS-601.06191.1118 GS-24Mn61.1120 GS-8Mn7/GS-8MnMo7 4 1.1121 Ck101.1131 GS-16Mn5/GS-20Mn5 1.1136 GS-24Mn41.1138 GS-24Mn51.1141 Ck151.1142 Ck161.1151 Ck221.1155 Ck251.1156 Ck241.1157 40Mn41.1158 Ck251.1159 GS-46Mn41.1165 GS-30Mn51.1167 GS-36Mn51.1168 GS-40Mn51.1181 Ck351.1191 Ck451.1221 Ck601.2311 GS-48CrMnMo71.2323 GS-48CrMoV6 71.2590 GS-80CrVW4 31.2713 GS-55NiCrMoV61.2778 GS-20MoNi33 131.2887 GS-34CoCrMoV14 12 1.2888 GS-20CoCrWMo10 9 1.3401 G-X120Mn121.3402 G-X110Mn14 1.3802 G-X120Mn131.3940 G-X2CrNiN18 131.3952 G-X2CrNiMoN18 141.3955 G-X12CrNi18 111.3964 G-X2CrNiMnMoNb21 16 5 31.3966 G-X25MnCrNi8 8 61.5015 GS-13MnNi641.5120 GS-38MnSi41.5121 GS-46MnSi41.5122 GS-37MnSi51.5406 GS-20MnMo5 31.5418 GS-20MoV8 51.5430 GS-8MnMo7 41.5431 GS-12MnMo7 41.5475 GS-20MnNb51.5485 GS-20MnNiTi5 31.5621 GS-10Ni61.5633 GS-24Ni81.5638 GS-10Ni141.5681 GS-10Ni191.5919 GS-15CrNi61.6219 GS-22MnNi51.6221 GS-13MnNi641.6309 GS-20MnMoNi5 51.6511 GS-36CrNiMo41.6515 GS-25CrNiMo41.6552 GS-24CrNiMo3 2 51.6570 GS-30NiCrMo8 51.6582 GS-34CrNiMo61.6740 GS-33NiCrMo7 4 41.6741 GS-38NiCrMo8 4 41.6748 GS-40NiCrMo6 5 61.6750 GS-20NiMoCr3 71.6759 GS-18NiMoCr3 61.6760 GS-22NiMoCr5 61.6779 GS-14NiCrMo10 61.6781 GS-18NiCrMo12 61.6783 GS-19NiCrMo12 61.6916 GS-12MnCrNiMo5 31.7131 GS-16MnCr51.7147 GS-20MnCr51.7218 GS-25CrMo41.7219 GS-26CrMo41.7220 GS-34CrMo41.7225 GS-42CrMo41.7228 GS-50CrMo41.7341 GS-34CrMo4 41.7354 GS-22CrMo5 41.7355 GS-17CrMnMo5 51.7363 GS-12CrMo19 51.7377 GS-17CrMo9 101.7380 GS-12CrMo9 101.7382 GS-19CrMo9 101.7725 GS-30CrMoV6 41.7755 GS-35CrMoV10 41.7756 GS-36CrMoV10 41.7903 GS-18MnCrMo6 31.7906 GS-19MnCrMo6 31.7909 GS-20MnCrMo6 31.8159 GS-50CrV 4不绣耐蚀铸钢: 铁素体G-S8CrNi13 1.4008G-X20Cr14 1.4027 G-X22CrNi17 1.4059G-X5CrNi134 1.4313奥氏体:G-X6CrNi1891.4308 G-X5CrNiNb189 1.4552G-X6CrNiMo18-10 1.4408 G-X3CrNiMoN17-13-5 1.4439 医疗机械用不绣铸钢: X20Cr131.4021 X38CrMoV15 1.4117 G-X20CrMo131.4120 G-X35CrMo17 1.4122德国非标准不绣耐蚀铸钢: G-X70Cr29 1.4085 G-X120Cr29 1.4086G-10CrMo13 1.4106 G-X70CrMo292 1.4136G-X120CrMo292 1.4138 G-X2CrNi189 1.4306G-X10CrNi188 1.4312 G-X40CrNi274 1.4340G-X8CrNi267 1.4347 G-X2CrNiMo1810 1.4404G-X5CrNiMo165 1.4405 G-X10CrNiMo1891.4410 G-X6CrNiMo1812 1.4437G-X2CrNiMoN17134 1.4446 G-X6CrNiMo17131.4448 G-X6CrNiMo2482 1.4463G-X2CrNiMoN2525 1.4465G-X2NiCrMoCuN2518 1.4531G-X2NiCrMoCuN2520 1.4536 G-NiMo16CrW2.4537 G-X10CrNiMoNb1812 1.4583G-X7CrNiMoCuNb1818 1.4585 G-NiMo302.4810 耐热铸钢和热强铸钢: GX30CrSi6 1.4710GX40CrSi13 1.4729 GX40CrSi17 1.1740GX40CrSi23 1.4745 GX40CrSi29 1.4776GX130CrSi29 1.4777 GX40CrNiSi27-4 1.4823 GX25CrNiSi18-9 1.4825 GX40CrNiSi22-9 1.4826 GX25CrNiSi20-14 1.4832 GX40CrNiSi25-12 1.4837 GX40CrNiSi25-20 1.4848 GX40NiCrSi38-18 1.4865 GX40NiCrSi35-25 1.4857 GX30CrNiSiNb24-24 1.4855 GX-40NiCrSiNb35-25 1.4852 G-CoCr28 1.4778 G-NiCr28W 2.4879 铁素体热强铸钢: GS-C25 1.0619 GS-22Mo4 1.5419 GS-17CrMo55 1.7357 GS-18CrMo910 1.7379 GS-17CrMoV511 1.7706 G-X8CrNi12 1.4107 G-X22CrMoV121 1.4931 高锰钢和耐磨蚀:G-X120Mn12 13401 G-X110Mn14 13402 G-X120Mn13 13802 G-X25MnCrNi886 13966 G-X12CrNi1811 13955 G-X2CrNiN1813 13940 G-X2CrNiMoN1814 13952 G-X2CrNiMnMoNb21 G-X2CrNiMnMoNb16 G-X2CrNiMnMoNb5 G-X2CrNiMnMoNb3 13964 德国,灰铸铁:GG-10 0.6010 GG-15 0.6015 GG-20 0.6020 GG-25 0.6025 GG-30 0.6030 GG-35 0.6035。
UR132-30-AE3-3-R中文资料
UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTDUR132 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT200mA LOW DROPOUT LINEAR VOLTAGE REGULATORDESCRIPTIONThe UTC UR132 is a 200mA fixed output voltage low dropout linear regulator. Wide range of available output voltage fits most of applications. Built-in output current-limiting most thermal-limiting provide maximal protection against any fault conditions.FEATURES* Guaranteed 200mA output current * Input voltage range up to 12V * Extremely tight load regulation * Fast transient response* Current-limiting and thermal-limiting* Three-terminal adjustable or fixed voltage.*Pb-free plating product number: UR132LORDERING INFORMATIONOrder NumberPin Assignment.Normal Lead Free PlatingPackage12345Packing UR132-xx-AE3-3-R UR132L-xx-AE3-3-R SOT-23O G I --Tape ReelUR132-xx-AE3-5-R UR132L-xx-AE3-5-R SOT-23G O I --Tape Reel UR132-xx-AF5-C-R UR132L-xx-AF5-C-R SOT-25I G N N OTape ReelNote: Pin assignment: I:V IN O:V OUT G:GND N: No ConnectionMARKING INFORMATIONBLOCK DIAGRAMV OUTV INABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGSPARAMETER SYMBOL RATING UNITInput Voltage V IN -0.3~12 V Power Dissipation P D 300 mW Junction Temperature T J +125 °C Operation Temperature T OPR -20~+125 °C Storage Temperature T STG -40~+150 °CNote: 1.Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which the device could be permanently damaged.Absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only and functional device operation is not implied.2.The device is guaranteed to meet performance specification within 0 ~ +70 operating temperature range and assured by design from -20 ~ +125 .ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ta=25°C, C IN =1µF, C OUT =10µF, unless otherwise specified)FOR V OUT <3.3V (V OUT ±2%)PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP. MAX UNITOutput Voltage V OUT I L =2mA, V IN -V OUT =2V V OUT ×0.98 V OUT V OUT ×1.02VOutput Voltage Temperature Coefficient T C V O 50 150 PPM/°CLine Regulation△V OUT I L =2mA,V IN -V OUT =2V~V IN =9V 0.5 %V OUT Load Regulation (note 2)△V OUT I L =2mA~200mA,V IN -V OUT =2V 10 30 mV Current Limit (note 3) I L V IN -V OUT =2V, V OUT =0V 300 mADropout Voltage (note 4,5) V D 1.5 VStandby current I STN-BY I L =0, V IN =9V 3.0 mAFOR ADJ and V OUT ≧3.3V (V OUT ±2%)PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP. MAX UNITOutput Voltage V OUT I L =2mA, V IN -V OUT =2V V OUT ×0.98 V OUT V OUT ×1.02V Adjustable (R1=120Ω,R2=200Ω,V OUT =3.3V) Reference Voltage V REF V IN -V OUT =2V, I L =2mA 1.238 1.250 1.262 V Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient T C V O 50 150 PPM/°CLine Regulation△V OUT I L =2mA,V IN -V OUT =2V~V IN =12V 0.5 %V OUT Load Regulation (note 2)△V OUT I L =2mA~200mA,V IN -V OUT =2V10 30 mV Current Limit (note 3) I L V IN -V OUT =2V, V OUT =0V 300 mA Dropout Voltage (note 4,5) V D 1.3 V Standby current I STN-BY I L =0, V IN =12V 5.0 mA Note 1: Guaranteed by design.Note 2: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulsed on time. Note 3: Current limit is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulsed on time.Note 4: Dropout is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulsed on time, and the criterion is V OUT insidetarget value ±2%.Note 5: Dropout test is skipped at the condition of V IN <3V.TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITThe part may oscillate without the capacitor, a 10µF (or larger) capacitor is recommended between V OUT and GND for stability. Any type of capacitor can be used, but not Aluminum electrolytic when operating below -20°C. The capacitance may be increased without limit. Besides, another 1µF capacitor (or larger) should be placed between V IN to GND.UR132 ADJUSTABLEV OUTV INCr:10uF to improve ripple rejection V OUT =V REF (1+R2/R1)+I ADJ *R2。
Endress+Hauser RMA422功能安全手册说明书
SD009R/09/enFunctional safety manualRMA422Process TransmitterApplication1 to 2-channel transmitter power supply withintrinsically safe current inputs, limit value monitoring with 2 change-over contacts, mathematic functions and 1 to 2 analog outputs to satisfy particular safety systems requirements as per IEC 61508/ IEC 61511-1 (FDIS).The measuring device fulfils the requirements concerning•Functional safety as per IEC 61508/IEC 61511-1•Explosion protection (depending on the version)•Electromagnetic compatibility as per IEC 61326.Your benefits•Use in a safety-instrumented system up to SIL 2, independently evaluated (Functional Assessment) by as per IEC 61508/IEC 61511-1RMA422 Table of contentsSIL Declaration of Conformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Abbreviations, standards and terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Determining the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Safety function with RMA422 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Safety function for limit temperature monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Safety function data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Unit version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Supplementary device documentation RMA422 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Commissioning and iterative tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Using the RMA422 forcontinuous measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Safety-related parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Specific safety-related parameters for RMA422 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8PFDAVG dependent on selected maintenance interval . . . . . . . . . 8Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 management summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Declaration of Hazardous Material and De-Contamination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132Endress+HauserRMA422General managerEndress+Hauser3RMA4224Endress+HauserIntroductionAbbreviations, standards and termsAbbreviationsExplanation to the abbreviations used can be found in the SIL-Brochure (SI002Z/11).Relevant standardsTermsDetermining the Safety Integrity Level (SIL)The achievable Safety Integrity Level is determined by the following safety-related parameters:•Average Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD AVG )•Hardware Fault Tolerance (HFT) and •Safe Failure Fraction (SFF).The specific safety-related parameters for the RMA422, as a part of a safety function, are listed in the "Safety-related parameters" chapter.The following table displays the dependence of the "Safety Integrity Level" (SIL) on the "Average Probability of Failure on Demand" (PFD AVG ). Here, the "Low demand mode" has been observed, i.e. the requirement rate for the safety-related system is maximum once a year.Sensor, process transmitter, logic unit and actuator together form a safety-related system, which performs a safety function. The "Average Probability of Failure on Demand" (PFD AVG ) is usually divided up into the sensor, process transmitter, logic unit and actuator sub-systems as per Figure 1.Fig. 1:Share of the process transmitter in the "average probability of dangerous failure on demand" (PFD AVG!Note!This documentation considers the RMA422 as a component of a safety function.Standard ExplanationIEC 61508,Part 1 – 7Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems (Target group: Manufacturers and Suppliers of Devices)IEC 61511Part 1 – 3 (FDIS)Functional safety – Safety Instrumented Systems for the process industry sector (Target group: Safety Instrumented Systems Designers, Integrators and Users)Term ExplanationDangerous failureFailure with the potential to put the safety-related system in a dangerous or non-functional condition.Safety-related systemA safety-related system performs the safety functions that are required to achieve or maintain a safe condition e.g. in a plant. Example: temperature measuring device – logic unit (e.g. limit signal generator) – valve form a safety-related system.Safety functionDefined function, which is performed by a safety-related system with the aim of achieving or maintaining a safe condition for the plant, considering a specified dangerous incident. Example: limit temperature monitoringSafety Integrity Level (SIL)PFD AVG (Low demand mode)4≥ 10–5...< 10–43≥ 10–4...< 10–32≥ 10–3...< 10–21≥ 10–2...< 10–1RMA422Endress+Hauser 5Safety Integrity Level RMA422 (Type B)The following table displays the achievable "Safety Integrity Level" (SIL) of the entire safety-related system for type B systems depending on the "Safe Failure Fraction" (SFF) and the "Hardware Fault Tolerance" (HFT). Type B systems are, for example, sensors with complex components such as ASICs (→ see also IEC 61508, Part 2).Safety function with RMA422Safety function for limit temperature monitoringFig. 2: Safety function with analog outputSafe Failure Fraction (SFF)Hardware Fault Tolerance (HFT)01 (0)1)1)In accordance with IEC 61511-1 (FDIS), Clause 11.4.4, the "Hardware Fault Tolerance" (HFT) can be reduced byone (values in brackets), if the following conditions are true for devices using sensors and actuators with complex components:– The device is "proven in use".– The device allows adjustment of process-related parameters only, e.g. measuring range, upscale or downscale failure direction, etc.– The adjustment level of the process-related parameters of the device is protected, e.g. by jumper, password (here: numeric code or key combination)– The function has a "Safety Integrity Level" (SIL) requirement less than 4.All conditions are true for the RMA422.2 (1)1< 60%not permitted SIL 1SIL 260 ...< 90 %SIL 1SIL 2SIL 390 ...< 99 %SIL 2SIL 3–≥ 99 %SIL 3––RMA4226Endress+HauserFig. 3: Safety function with relayThe sensors, powered by the RMA422 process transmitter, generate an analog signal (4 to 20 mA) in proportion to the measured value. Mathematic functions allow the formation of a new process variable. The process transmitter makes the analog signals in proportion to the new process variable available to a downstream logic unit, such as a PLC. The limit values can also be monitored directly with the RMA422 by means of 2 change-over contacts.Safety function data"Caution!The data for the safety functions are listed in the "Safety-related parameters" chapter.!Note!MTTR is set at eight hours.Safety-related systems without a self-locking function must be monitored or set to an otherwise safe state after carrying out the safety function within MTTR.Unit versionSIL from serial number: 5C00104114, December 2002Supplementary device documentation RMA422Depending on the version, the following documentation must be available for the Process transmitter RMA422:"Caution!•The installation and setting instructions, and the technical limit values must be observed in accordance with the Operating Instructions (BA103R).•For devices which are used in explosion-hazardous, the supplementary documentation (XA) resp. Control Drawings must also be used in accordance with the table.RMA422 supplementary documentationFor further information, see Technical Information TI072R.Explosion protection/Certificates Operating instructions Other Ex-Documentation noneBA103R noneATEX II(1)GD [EEx ia] IICBA103RSafety instructions XA003RRMA422Endress+Hauser 7Commissioning and iterative testsUsing the RMA422 for continuous measurementsThe operability of the safety installation must be tested at appropriate time intervals. It is the responsibility of the user to select the type of check and the intervals in the specified time frame. The test must be completed in such a way that the fault free function of the safety installation combined with all components can be validated.SettingsSettingsIt is possible to set up on the RMA422. When used as part of a safety function, an analog signal or a limit relay can be used. Please refer to the following table for information on the settings which are permitted or not when using the RMA422 in a safety-related application.RMA422 with current output:RMA422 with relay:For further information see the BA103R operating instructions."Caution!Check the safety function after entering all the parameters.LockingDevice operation has to be locked to protect the process-related parameters from being altered. This is done using a code which is selected by the user.Parameter Setting up selections Setting for safety function Output range4-20 mA permitted 0-20 mA not permitted 0-10 Vnot permitted Fault conditionhold not permitted min permitted maxpermittedParameter Setting up selections Setting for safety function Operating modeoff not permitted min permitted max permitted trd permitted alarm permitted min-not permitted max-not permitted trd-not permittedParameter Setting up selection Setting for safety function User code0000 to 99990001 to 9999 (0000 is not permitted, because no user code is active)RMA4228Endress+HauserSafety-related parametersSpecific safety-related parameters for RMA422The table displays the specific safety-related parameters for the RMA422:PFD AVG dependent onselected maintenance interval The following diagram presents the dependence of the PFD AVG on the maintenance interval. The PFD AVG increases as the maintenance interval increases.Fig. 4:"Average probability of dangerous failure on demand" (PFD AVG ) depending on the maintenance interval selected for the RMA422 with analog input 4-20 mA and analog output 4-20 mA.With analog input 4-20 mA and analog output 4-20 mA With 2 analog inp. 4-20 mA and analog output 4-20 mA With analog input 4-20 mA and relay With 2 analog inp. 4-20 mA and relaySIL SIL 2SIL 2SIL 2SIL 2HFT 0000SFF > 86%> 86%> 85%> 85%PFD AVG 3,90 x 10–44,50 x 10–43,86 x 10–44,46 x 10–4TI 1)annualannualannualannual1)complete function testRMA422Fig. 5: "Average probability of dangerous failure on demand" (PFD AVG) depending on the maintenance intervalselected for the RMA422 with 2 analog inputs 4-20 mA and analog output 4-20 mA.Fig. 6: "Average probability of dangerous failure on demand" (PFD AVG) depending on the maintenance intervalselected for the RMA422 with analog input 4-20 mA and relay.Endress+Hauser9RMA42210Endress+HauserFig. 7:"Average probability of dangerous failure on demand" (PFD AVG ) depending on the maintenance interval selected for the RMA422 with 2 analog inputs 4-20 mA and relay.RepairRepair!Note!Together with the failed, SIL-marked E+H device, having been operated in a functional safety application, the form "Declaration of Hazardous Material and De-Contamination" containing the appropriate information " Used as SIL device in a Safety Instrumented System" has to be returned.The "Declaration of Hazardous Material and De-Contamination" can be found in the Appendix at the end of this Functional Safety Manual.RMA422Endress+Hauser11 management summary© e x i d a .c o m G m b H e +h 03-02-17 r 021 v 1 r 1.0, J a n u a r y 27, 2004 S t e p h a n A s c h e n b r e n n e rP a g e 2 o f 29M a n a g e m e n t s u m m a r yT h i s r e p o r t s u m m a r i z e s t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e h a r d w a r e a s s e s s m e n t w i t h p r i o r -u s e c o n s i d e r a t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o I E C 61508 / I E C 61511 c a r r i e d o u t o n t h e P r o c e s s T r a n s m i t t e r R M A 422 w i t h s o f t w a r e v e r s i o n V 1.12.T h e h a r d w a r e a s s e s s m e n t c o n s i s t s o f a F a i l u r e M o d e s , E f f e c t s a n d D i a g n o s t i c s A n a l y s i s (F M E D A ). A F M E D A i s o n e o f t h e s t e p s t a k e n t o a c h i e v e f u n c t i o n a l s a f e t y a s s e s s m e n t o f a d e v i c e p e r I E C 61508. F r o m t h e F M E D A , f a i l u r e r a t e s a r e d e t e r m i n e d a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y t h e S a f e F a i l u r e F r a c t i o n (S F F ) i s c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h e d e v i c e . F o r f u l l a s s e s s m e n t p u r p o s e s a l l r e q u i r e m e n t s o f I E C 61508 m u s t b e c o n s i d e r e d .T h e f a i l u r e r a t e s u s e d i n t h i s a n a l y s i s a r e t h e b a s i c f a i l u r e r a t e s f r o m t h e S i e m e n s s t a n d a r d S N 29500.A c c o r d i n g t o t a b l e 2 o f I E C 61508-1 t h e a v e r a g e P F D f o r s y s t e m s o p e r a t i n g i n l o w d e m a n d m o d e h a s t o b e ≥10-3 t o < 10-2 f o r S I L 2 s a f e t y f u n c t i o n s . H o w e v e r , a s t h e m o d u l e u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n i s o n l y o n e p a r t o f a n e n t i r e s a f e t y f u n c t i o n i t s h o u l d n o t c l a i m m o r e t h a n 10% o f t h i s r a n g e . F o r a S I L 2 a p p l i c a t i o n t h e t o t a l P F D A V G v a l u e o f t h e S I F s h o u l d b e s m a l l e r t h a n 1,00E -02, h e n c e t h e m a x i m u m a l l o w a b l e P F D A V G v a l u e f o r t h e p r o c e s s t r a n s m i t t e r w o u l d t h e n b e 1,00E -03.T h e P r o c e s s T r a n s m i t t e r R M A 422 i s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e a T y p e B 1 c o m p o n e n t w i t h a h a r d w a r e f a u l t t o l e r a n c e o f 0.T y p e B c o m p o n e n t s w i t h a S F F o f 60% t o < 90% m u s t h a v e a h a r d w a r e f a u l t t o l e r a n c e o f 1 a c c o r d i n g t o t a b l e 3 o f I E C 61508-2 f o r S I L 2 (s u b -) s y s t e m s .F o r s a f e t y a p p l i c a t i o n s o n l y t h e c u r r e n t o r r e l a y o u t p u t s h a l l b e u s e d . A l l o t h e r p o s s i b l e o u t p u t v a r i a n t s o r e l e c t r o n i c s a r e n o t c o v e r e d b y t h i s r e p o r t .A s t h e P r o c e s s T r a n s m i t t e r R M A 422 i s s u p p o s e d t o b e a p r o v e n -i n -u s e d e v i c e , a n a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e h a r d w a r e w i t h a d d i t i o n a l p r i o r -u s e d e m o n s t r a t i o n f o r t h e d e v i c e w a s c a r r i e d o u t . T h e p r i o r -u s e i n v e s t i g a t i o n w a s b a s e d o n f i e l d r e t u r n d a t a c o l l e c t e d a n d a n a l y z e d b y E n d r e s s +H a u s e r W e t z e r G m b H + C o . K G .A c c o r d i n g t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f I E C 61511-1 F i r s t E d i t i o n 2003-01 s e c t i o n 11.4.4 a n d t h e a s s e s s m e n t d e s c r i b e d i n s e c t i o n 5.2 t h e d e v i c e i s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e s u i t a b l e f o r u s e i n S I L 2 s a f e t y f u n c t i o n s . T h e d e c i s i o n o n t h e u s a g e o f p r i o r -u s e d e v i c e s , h o w e v e r , i s a l w a y s w i t h t h e e n d -u s e r .A s s u m i n g t h a t a c o n n e c t e d l o g i c s o l v e r c a n d e t e c t b o t h o v e r -r a n g e (f a i l h i g h ) a n d u n d e r -r a n g e (f a i l l o w ), h i g h a n d l o w f a i l u r e s c a n b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s a f e d e t e c t e d f a i l u r e s o r d a n g e r o u s d e t e c t e d f a i l u r e s d e p e n d i n g o n w h e t h e r t h e P r o c e s s T r a n s m i t t e r R M A 422 i s u s e d i n a n a p p l i c a t i o n f o r “l o w l e v e l m o n i t o r i n g ”, “h i g h l e v e l m o n i t o r i n g ” o r “r a n g e m o n i t o r i n g ”. F o r t h e s e a p p l i c a t i o n s t h e f o l l o w i n g t a b l e s s h o w h o w t h e a b o v e s t a t e d r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e f u l f i l l e d .T y p e B c o m p o n e n t :“C o m p l e x ” c o m p o n e n t (u s i n g m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r s o r p r o g r a m m a b l e l o g i c ); f o r d e t a i l s s e e 7.4.3.1.3 o f I E C 61508-2.T h e d o c u m e n t w a s p r e p a r e d u s i n g b e s t e f f o r t . T h e a u t h o r s m a k e n o w a r r a n t y o f a n y k i n d a n d s h a l l n o t b e l i a b l e i n a n y e v e n t f o r i n c i d e n t a l o r c o n s e q u e n t i a l d a m a g e s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e d o c u m e n t . © A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .F M E D A a n d P r i o r -u s e A s s e s s m e n tP r o j e c t : P r o c e s s T r a n s m i t t e r R M A 422C u s t o m e r :E n d r e s s +H a u s e r W e t z e r G m b H + C o . K GN e s s e l w a n g G e r m a n yC o n t r a c t N o .: E +H 03/02-17 R e p o r t N o .: E +H 03/02-17 R 021 V e r s i o n V 1, R e v i s i o n R 1.0, J a n u a r y 2004 S t e p h a n A s c h e n b r e n n e rRMA42212Endress+Hauser© e x i d a .c o m G m b H e +h 03-02-17 r 021 v 1 r 1.0, J a n u a r y 27, 2004 S t e p h a n A s c h e n b r e n n e r P a g e 4 o f 29T a b l e 5: S u m m a r y f o r R M A 422 w i t h r e l a y o u t p u t a n d o n e i n p u t – P F D A V G v a l u e sT [P r o o f ] = 1 y e a rT [P r o o f ] = 5 y e a r sT [P r o o f ] = 10 y e a r sP F D A V G = 3,86E -04P F D A V G = 1,93E -03 P F D A V G = 3,85E -03T a b l e 6: S u m m a r y f o r R M A 422 w i t h r e l a y o u t p u t a n d o n e i n p u t – F a i l u r e r a t e sλs d λs u λd d λd uS F F D C S D C D9 F I T 493 F I T 14 F I T 88 F I T > 85% 2% 14%T a b l e 7: S u m m a r y f o r R M A 422 w i t h r e l a y o u t p u t a n d t w o i n p u t s – P F D A V G v a l u e sT [P r o o f ] = 1 y e a r T [P r o o f ] = 5 y e a r sT [P r o o f ] = 10 y e a r sP F D A V G = 4,46E -04P F D A V G = 2,23E -03P F D A V G = 4,45E -03T a b l e 8: S u m m a r y f o r R M A 422 w i t h r e l a y o u t p u t a n d t w o i n p u t s – F a i l u r e r a t e sλs dλs u λd d λd uS F F D C S D C D9 F I T 587 F I T 14 F I T102 F I T> 85% 2% 12%T h e b o x e s m a r k e d i n y e l l o w ( ) m e a n t h a t t h e c a l c u l a t e d P F D A V G v a l u e s a r e w i t h i n t h e a l l o w e d r a n g e f o r S I L 2 a c c o r d i n g t o t a b l e 2 o f I E C 61508-1 b u t d o n o t f u l f i l l t h e r e q u i r e m e n t t o n o t c l a i m m o r e t h a n 10% o f t h i s r a n g e , i.e . t o b e b e t t e r t h a n o r e q u a l t o 1,00E -03. T h e b o x e s m a r k e d i n g r e e n ( ) m e a n t h a t t h e c a l c u l a t e d P F D A V G v a l u e s a r e w i t h i n t h e a l l o w e d r a n g e f o r S I L 2 a c c o r d i n g t o t a b l e 2 o f I E C 61508-1 a n d t a b l e 3.1 o f A N S I /I S A –84.01–1996 a n d d o f u l f i l l t h e r e q u i r e m e n t t o n o t c l a i m m o r e t h a n 10% o f t h i s r a n g e , i.e . t o b e b e t t e r t h a n o r e q u a l t o 1,00E -03.T h e f u n c t i o n a l a s s e s s m e n t h a s s h o w n t h a t t h e P r o c e s s T r a n s m i t t e r R M A 422 h a s a P F D A V G w i t h i n t h e a l l o w e d r a n g e f o r S L 2 a c c o r d i n g t o t a b l e 2 o f E C 61508-1 a n d t a b l e 3.1 o f A N S I /I S A –84.01–1996 a n d a S a f e F a i l u r e F r a c t i o n (S F F ) o f > 85%. B a s e d o n t h e v e r i f i c a t i o n o f "p r i o r u s e " i t c a n b e u s e d a s a s i n g l e d e v i c e f o r S I L 2 S a f e t y F u n c t i o n s i n t e r m s o f I E C 61511-1 F i r s t E d i t i o n 2003-01.A u s e r o f t h e P r o c e s s T r a n s m i t t e r R M A 422 c a n u t i l i z e t h e s e f a i l u r e r a t e s i n a p r o b a b i l i s t i c m o d e l o f a s a f e t y i n s t r u m e n t e d f u n c t i o n (S I F ) t o d e t e r m i n e s u i t a b i l i t y i n p a r t f o r s a f e t y i n s t r u m e n t e d s y s t e m (S I S ) u s a g e i n a p a r t i c u l a r s a f e t y i n t e g r i t y l e v e l (S I L ). T h e c o m p l e t e l i s t o f f a i l u r e r a t e s i s p r e s e n t e d i n s e c t i o n 5.1 t o 5.4 a l o n g w i t h a l l a s s u m p t i o n s .T h e t w o i n p u t s a n d t h e t w o o u t p u t s o n e a c h m o d u l e s h a l l n o t b e u s e d t o i n c r e a s e t h e h a r d w a r e f a u l t t o l e r a n c e , n e e d e d t o a c h i e v e a h i g h e r S I L f o r a c e r t a i n s a f e t y f u n c t i o n , a s t h e y c o n t a i n c o m m o n c o m p o n e n t s . T h e t w o i n p u t s a r e o n l y a l l o w e d t o b e u s e d t o c o m b i n e t w o s a f e t y c r i t i c a l i n p u t s i g n a l s u s i n g t h e b a s i c m a t h e m a t i c s m o d e s o f a d d i t i o n / s u b t r a c t i o n / m u l t i p l i c a t i o n t o c a l c u l a t e f u r t h e r p r o c e s s v a l u e s .I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o r e a l i z e t h a t t h e “d o n ’t c a r e ” f a i l u r e s a n d t h e “a n n u n c i a t i o n ” f a i l u r e s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a s “s a f e u n d e t e c t e d ” f a i l u r e s a c c o r d i n g t o I E C 61508. N o t e t h a t t h e s e f a i l u r e s o n i t s o w n w i l l n o t a f f e c t s y s t e m r e l i a b i l i t y o r s a f e t y , a n d s h o u l d n o t b e i n c l u d e d i n s p u r i o u s t r i p c a l c u l a t i o n s .© e x i d a .c o m G m b H e +h 03-02-17 r 021 v 1 r 1.0, J a n u a r y 27, 2004 S t e p h a n A s c h e n b r e n n e rP a g e 3 o f 29T a b l e 1: S u m m a r y f o r R M A 422 w i t h c u r r e n t o u t p u t a n d o n e i n p u t – P F D A V G v a l u e sT [P r o o f ] = 1 y e a r T [P r o o f ] = 5 y e a r s T [P r o o f ] = 10 y e a r sP F D A V G = 3,90E -04 P F D A V G = 1,95E -03P F D A V G = 3,89E -03 T a b l e 2: S u m m a r y f o r R M A 422 w i t h c u r r e n t o u t p u t a n d o n e i n p u t – F a i l u r e r a t e sF a i l u r e C a t e g o r i e s λs d λs u λd d λd uS F F D C S 2D C D λl o w = λs dλh i g h = λd d245 F I T 286 F I T 60 F I T89 F I T > 86% 46% 40% λl o w = λd d λh i g h = λs d55 F I T 286 F I T 250 F I T89 F I T> 86% 16% 74%λl o w = λs d λh i g h = λs d291 F I T 286 F I T 14 F I T89 F I T> 86% 50% 14%T a b l e 3: S u m m a r y f o r R M A 422 w i t h c u r r e n t o u t p u t a n d t w o i n p u t s – P F D A V G v a l u e sT [P r o o f ] = 1 y e a rT [P r o o f ] = 5 y e a r s T [P r o o f ] = 10 y e a r sP F D A V G = 4,50E -04 P F D A V G = 2,25E -03P F D A V G = 4,49E -03T a b l e 4: S u m m a r y f o r R M A 422 w i t h c u r r e n t o u t p u t a n d t w o i n p u t s – F a i l u r e r a t e sF a i l u r e C a t e g o r i e s λs d λs u λd dλd uS F F D C S D C D λl o w = λs dλh i g h = λd d283 F I T 328 F I T 74 F I T103 F I T > 86% 46% 42%λl o w = λd dλh i g h = λs d69 F I T 328 F I T 289 F I T103 F I T > 86% 17% 74%λl o w = λs dλh i g h = λs d343 F I T 328 F I T 14 F I T103 F I T > 86% 51% 12%2D C m e a n s t h e d i a g n o s t i c c o v e r a g e (s a f e o r d a n g e r o u s ) o f t h e s a f e t y l o g i c s o l v e r f o r R M A 422.RMA422Declaration of Hazardous Material and De-ContaminationEndress+Hauser13Instruments International Endress+Hauser Instruments International AG Kaegenstrasse 24153 ReinachSwitzerlandTel.+41 61 715 81 00Fax+41 61 715 25 00 ***************.comSD009R/09/en/13.10FM+SGML 6.0 ProMoDo。
ABB 中压综保选型
前
言
ABB 公司从事继电保护产品的设计、开发已逾百年,从最早的电磁型继电器到现在的微机式保护,ABB 公司不断推陈 出新,始终处在行业领先地位。目前,共有 SPACOM 系列继电器,RE_ 500 系列继电器和 RE_ 610 系列继电器。ABB 配电自动化产品集保护、控制、测量、故障录波和状态监视于一体,广泛地应用在配电网络和变电站中。ABB 配电自 动化产品可实现远程控制,为电缆、架空线、电动机、发电机、变压器等电力元件提供全面完善的保护。特别我们还 为开关柜提供了弧光保护,伤。卓越的 产品加强了电网运行的可靠性,同时也提高了电网的管理能力。
配电自动化产品选型手册
业界典范 度身定制
目
录
发布:2005.09.12 状态:升级 版本:B/2006.10.25 本公司保留数据修改权利·恕不另行通知
1、前言 ........................................................................................................................................ 4 2、REF 541/543/545 馈线保护终端 ........................................................................................... 6 3、REF 542plus 开关柜保护和测控装置 ................................................................................... 12 4、线路快速切换控制装置 SUE 3000 ....................................................................................... 24 5、REX 521 馈线和电动机保护继电器 ..................................................................................... 26 6、接地保护注入装置 REK 510 ................................................................................................. 29 7、REM 543/545 电动机和发电机保护终端 ............................................................................. 30 8、RET 541/543/545 变压器保护终端 ..................................................................................... 40 9、REJ 52_ 过流及接地保护继电器 .......................................................................................... 52 10、REU 523 电压保护继电器 .................................................................................................. 53 11、REC 523 远方监视及控制单元 .......................................................................................... 54 12、REA 100 系列弧光保护继电器 ........................................................................................... 56 13、REF 610 馈线保护继电器 .................................................................................................. 60 14、REM 610 电动机保护继电器 .............................................................................................. 62 15、REU 610 电压保护继电器 .................................................................................................. 64 16、SACO 系列告警单元 .......................................................................................................... 67 17、SPAJ 140C 141C 142C 通用过流及接地保护继电器 ....................................................... 69 18、SPAM 150C 通用电机保护继电器 ..................................................................................... 70 19、SPAJ 160C 电容器保护继电器 .......................................................................................... 72 20、SPAU 130C/ 331C 通用电压保护继电器 .......................................................................... 74 21、SPAC 315C / 317C 馈线终端继电器 ................................................................................. 76 22、SPAC 320C 电机终端继电器 ............................................................................................. 78 23、SPAD 346C 差动保护继电器 ............................................................................................. 80 24、SPAU 341C 电压调整继电器 ............................................................................................. 82 25、通讯网关 COM 610*2.1 ..................................................................................................... 84 26、星形耦合器 ......................................................................................................................... 85
一种宽带圆形缝隙天线的设计
第6卷第6期空军工程大学学报(自然科学版)V o.l6N o.6 2005年12月J OURNAL OF AI R FORCE ENG I NEER I NG UN I VERSITY(NATURAL SC I ENCE ED I TI ON)D ec.2005 *一种宽带圆形缝隙天线的设计高向军,王光明,张晨新(空军工程大学导弹学院,陕西三原713800)摘要:在传统结构微带缝隙天线的基础上,设计了一种采用叉状馈电结构的宽带微带圆形缝隙天线。
通过调整馈电结构中主、侧臂的尺寸可以获得较好的匹配。
经过仿真和实验测试,该结构的宽缝天线工作于2GH z时,匹配带宽达到了32.5%(VS W R<1.5)。
关键词:微带;宽缝;叉状馈电;圆缝中图分类号:TN82文献标识码:A文章编号:1009-3516(2005)06-0028-03从微带天线的概念提出以来,对微带的理论研究一直是人们研究的热点,其工程应用非常广泛。
由于它剖面薄,重量轻,可与载体共形,易与有源器件集成等优点,已经被应用于卫星通信[1]、导航等领域。
今天,微带天线的形式已多种多样,微带缝隙天线以其独特的性能(馈电网络和辐射单元相对分离,从而把馈线对天线辐射方向图的影响降到最小)得到了广泛的应用。
微带缝隙天线具有对加工精度要求低,可用标准的光刻技术在敷铜电路板上进行生产等优点,尤其是微带宽缝天线更是有效地拓宽了频带[2,3]。
目前缝隙天线已被广泛地应用于航空航天飞行器、卫星直播电视等高频阵列天线中。
本文提出了一种采用叉状馈电结构的圆形宽缝天线,在改变馈点位置及叉状馈电结构中主、侧臂尺寸的情况下,可以获得良好匹配。
通过仿真及实验测试,这种结构的宽缝天线,工作于2GH z时,频带达到了32.5%(VS WR<1.5)。
1天线结构常见的圆形缝隙天线的结构如图1(a)所示。
它是在基片的地面开一圆缝,在基片的另一面利用508开路微带线馈电。
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高中试卷-1.1 空间向量及其运算(精讲)(含答案)
答卷时应注意事项1、拿到试卷,要认真仔细的先填好自己的考生信息。
2、拿到试卷不要提笔就写,先大致的浏览一遍,有多少大题,每个大题里有几个小题,有什么题型,哪些容易,哪些难,做到心里有底;3、审题,每个题目都要多读几遍,不仅要读大题,还要读小题,不放过每一个字,遇到暂时弄不懂题意的题目,手指点读,多读几遍题目,就能理解题意了;容易混乱的地方也应该多读几遍,比如从小到大,从左到右这样的题;4、每个题目做完了以后,把自己的手从试卷上完全移开,好好的看看有没有被自己的手臂挡住而遗漏的题;试卷第1页和第2页上下衔接的地方一定要注意,仔细看看有没有遗漏的小题;5、中途遇到真的解决不了的难题,注意安排好时间,先把后面会做的做完,再来重新读题,结合平时课堂上所学的知识,解答难题;一定要镇定,不能因此慌了手脚,影响下面的答题;6、卷面要清洁,字迹要清工整,非常重要;7、做完的试卷要检查,这样可以发现刚才可能留下的错误或是可以检查是否有漏题,检查的时候,用手指点读题目,不要管自己的答案,重新分析题意,所有计算题重新计算,判断题重新判断,填空题重新填空,之后把检查的结果与先前做的结果进行对比分析。
亲爱的小朋友,你们好!经过两个月的学习,你们一定有不小的收获吧,用你的自信和智慧,认真答题,相信你一定会闯关成功。
相信你是最棒的!1.1 空间向量及其运算(精讲)考点一 概念的辨析【例1】(2020·全国高二课时练习)下列命题中,假命题是()A .同平面向量一样,任意两个空间向量都不能比较大小B .两个相等的向量,若起点相同,则终点也相同C .只有零向量的模等于0D .共线的单位向量都相等【答案】D【解析】A.向量是有向线段,不能比较大小.真命题.B.两向量相等:方向相同,模长相等.起点相同,则终点也相同.真命题.C.零向量:模长为0的向量.真命题.D.共线的单位向量是相等向量或相反向量. 假命题.故选:D.【一隅三反】1.(2020·全国高二课时练习)在下列命题中:①若向量,a b r r 共线,则,a b r r 所在的直线平行;②若向量,a b r r 所在的直线是异面直线,则,a b r r一定不共面;③若三个向量,a b c r r r ,两两共面,则,a b c r r r ,三个向量一定也共面;④已知三个向量,a b c r r r ,,则空间任意一个向量p r 总可以唯一表示为p xa yb zc =++r r r r.其中正确命题的个数为()A .0B .1C .2D .3【答案】A【解析】此题考查向量的知识点;对于①:根据两向量共线定义知道,两向量共线有可能两向量所在的直线重合,所以此命题错误;对于②:两个向量可以平移到一个平面内,所以此命题错误;对于③:若三个向量,,a b c r r r 两两共面,这三个向量有可能不共面,所以此命题错误;对于④:根据空间向量的基本定理知道,这三个向量要不共面才可以,所以此命题错误,所以选A2.(2020·全国高二课时练习)在下列命题中:①若a r 、b r 共线,则a r 、b r 所在的直线平行;②若a r 、b r 所在的直线是异面直线,则a r 、b r 一定不共面;③若a r 、b r 、c r 三向量两两共面,则a r 、b r 、c r 三向量一定也共面;④已知三向量a r 、b r 、c r ,则空间任意一个向量p u r 总可以唯一表示为p xa yb zc =++u r r r r .其中正确命题的个数为()A .0B .1C .2D .3【答案】A【解析】①若a r 、b r 共线,则a r 、b r 所在的直线平行或重合;所以①错;②因为向量是可以自由移动的量,因此即使a r 、b r 所在的直线是异面直线,a r 、b r 也可以共面;所以②错;③若a r 、b r 、c r 三向量两两共面,因为两平面的关系不确定,因此a r 、b r 、c r三向量不一定共面;所以③错;④若三向量a r 、b r 、c r 共面,若向量p u r 不在该平面内,则向量p u r 不能表示为p xa yb zc =++u r r r r ,所以④错.故选:A.考法二 空间向量的线性运算【例2】2020·江西赣州.高二期中(理))在四面体ABCD 中,点F 在AD 上,且2AF FD =,E 为BC 中点,则EF uuu r 等于( )A .1223EF AC AB AD ®®®®=+-B .112223EF AC AB AD ®®®®=--+C .112223EF AC AB AD ®®®®=-+D .112223EF AC AB AD ®®®®=-+-【答案】B【解析】在四面体ABCD 中,点F 在AD 上,且2AF FD =,E 为BC 中点,所以EF EB BA AF®®®®=++1223AB AC AB AD ®®®®æö=--+ç÷èø112223AC AB AD ®®®=--+,即112223EF AC AB AD ®®®®=--+.故选:B.【一隅三反】1.(2020·南昌市八一中学)如图,空间四边形OABC 中,,,OA a OB b OC c ===uuu r r uuu r r uuu r r,且2OM MA =,BN NC =,则MN =uuuu r( )A .221332a b c ++r r r B .111222a b c +-r r r C .211322a b c -++r r r D .121232a b c -+r r r 【答案】C 【解析】因为MN ON OM =-uuuu r uuu r uuuu r ,又因为()()2211,3322a OM OA ON OB OC c b =+===+uuuu r uuu r r uuu r uuu r uuu r r r,所以211322MN a b c =-++uuuu r r r r .故选:C 2.(2020·宝山.上海交大附中高二期末)在平行六面体1111ABCD A B C D -中,M 为11A C 与11B D 的交点,若,AB a AD b ==uuu r r uuu r r ,1AA c =uuur r ,则与BM uuuu r 相等的向量是( )A .1122a b c ++r r r B .1122a b c --+r r r C .1122a b c -+r r r D .1122-++r r r a b c 【答案】D 【解析】根据空间向量的线性运算可知11BM BB B M =+uuuu r uuur uuuur 11112AA B D =+uuur uuuur ()1111112AA B A A D =++uuur uuuu r uuuur ()112AA AB AD =+-+uuur uuu r uuu r 因为,AB a AD b ==uuu r r uuu r r ,1AA c =uuur r ,则()112AA AB AD +-+uuur uuu r uuu r 1122a b c =-++r r r 即1122BM a b c =-++uuuu r r r r ,故选:D.3.(2019·张家口市宣化第一中学高二月考)如图,在空间四边形ABCD 中,设E ,F 分别是BC ,CD 的中点,则AD uuu r +12(BC uuu r -BD uuu r )等于( )A .AD uuu r B .FA uuu r C .AF uuu rD .EFuuu r 【答案】C 【解析】BC uuu r -BD uuu r =DC uuur ,11()22BC BD DC DF -==uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r ,∴AD uuu r +12(BC uuu r -BD uuu r )AD DF AF =+=uuu r uuu r uuu r .故选C .考点三 空间向量的共面问题【例3】(2020·全国高二)在下列条件中,使M 与A ,B ,C 一定共面的是()A .OM OA OB OC =--uuuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r B .111532OM OA OB OC =++uuuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r C .0MA MB MC ++=uuu r uuu r uuu u r r D .0OM OA OB OC +++=uuuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r r 【答案】C 【解析】对于A 选项,由于11111--=-¹,所以不能得出,,,M A B C 共面.对于B 选项,由于1111532++¹,所以不能得出,,,M A B C 共面.对于C 选项,由于MA MB MC =--uuu r uuu r uuu u r ,则,,MA MB MC uuu r uuur uuuu r 为共面向量,所以,,,M A B C 共面.对于D 选项,由0OM OA OB OC +++=uuuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r r 得OM OA OB OC =---uuuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r,而11131---=-¹,所以不能得出,,,M A B C 共面.故选:C 【一隅三反】1.(2020·全国高二)O 为空间中任意一点,A ,B ,C 三点不共线,且3148OP OA OB tOC =++uuu v uuu v uuu v uuu v ,若P ,A ,B ,C 四点共面,则实数t =______.【答案】18【解析】P ,A ,B ,C 四点共面,且3148OP OA OB OC t =++uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r ,31148t ++=,解得18t =.故答案为: 182.(2020·全国高二)已知点M 在平面ABC 内,并且对空间任意一点O ,有1133OM xOA OB OC =++uuuu v uuu v uuu v uuu v ,则x =________.【答案】13【解析】已知1133OM xOA OB OC =++uuuu v uuu v uuu v uuu v 且M ,A ,B ,C 四点共面,则11133x ++= ,解得x=133.(2019·随州市第一中学高二期中)空间A B C D 、、、四点共面,但任意三点不共线,若P 为该平面外一点且5133PA PB xPC PD uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r =--,则实数x 的值为( )A .13B .13-C .23D .23-【答案】A【解析】因为空间A B C D 、、、四点共面,但任意三点不共线,对于该平面外一点P 都有5133PA PB xPC PD uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r =--,所以51133x --=,解得13x =.故选A 4.(2020·全国高二课时练习)已知平行四边形ABCD 从平面AC 外一点O 引向量.,OE k OA OF k OB ®®®®==,,OG k OC OH k OD ®®®®==.求证:四点E ,F ,G ,H 共面【答案】证明见解析【解析】∵,OE k OA OF k OB ®®®®==;∴||OE OF k OA OB==;EF //AB ,且EF =|k |AB ;同理HG //DC ,且HG =|k |DC ,AB =DC ;∴EF //HG ,且EF =HG ;∴四边形EFGH 为平行四边形;∴四点E ,F ,G ,H 共面.考点四 空间向量的数量积【例4】(2020·全国高二课时练习)已知平行六面体ABCD ﹣A ′B ′C ′D ′中,AB =4,AD =3,AA ′=5,∠BAD =90°,∠BAA ′=∠DAA ′=60°.(1)求AC ′的长;(如图所示)(2)求AC ¢uuuu r 与AC uuu r 的夹角的余弦值.【答案】(1;(2【解析】(1)可得AC ¢uuuu r ='AC CC +uuu r uuuu r ='AB AD AA ++uuu r uuu r uuur ,2AC ¢uuuu r =2AB AD AA ¢++uuu r uuu r uuur =22AB AD AA ¢++uuu r uuu r uuur +2(AB AD AB AA AD AA ¢¢×+×+×uuu r uuu r uuu r uuur uuu r uuur )=42+32+52+2(4×3×0+4×1153522´+´´)=85故AC ′的长等于AC ¢uuuu r=(2)由(1)可知AC ¢uuuu r =AB AD AA ¢++uuu r uuu r uuur ,AC ¢uuuu r=故AC AC ¢×uuuu r uuu r =(AB AD AA ¢++uuu r uuu r uuur )×(AB AD +uuu r uuu r )=222AB AB AD AD AA AB AA AD ¢¢+×++×+×uuu ruuu r uuu r uuu r uuur uuu r uuur uuu r =2211424303545322+´´´++´´+´´=852又AC uuu r ==5故AC ¢uuuu r 与ACuuu r的夹角的余弦值=AC AC AC AC ¢×¢×uuuu r uuu r uuuu r uuu r ==【一隅三反】1.(2019·宁夏贺兰县景博中学高二月考(理))平行六面体ABCD-A 1B 1C 1D 1中,向量1AB,AD,AA uuu r uuu r uuuu r 两两的夹角均为60°,且|AB uuu r |=1,|AD uuu r |=2,|1AA uuuu r |=3,则|1AC uuuu r |等于( )A .5B .6C .4D .8【答案】A 【解析】在平行六面体ABCD-A 1B 1C 1D 1中有,11AC AB AD CC =++uuuu v uuu v uuu v uuuu v =1AB AD AA ++uuu v uuu v uuuv 所以有1AC uuuu v =1AB AD AA ++uuu v uuu v uuuv ,于是有21AC uuuu v =21AB AD AA ++uuu v uuu v uuuv 21AC uuuu v =2220001112cos602cos602cos60AB AD AA AB AD AB AA AD AA +++××+××+××uuu v uuu v uuuv uuu v uuu v uuu v uuuv uuu v uuuv =25所以15AC =uuuu v ,答案选A2.(2020·延安市第一中学高二月考(理))四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -的底面ABCD 为矩形,2AB =,4=AD ,16AA =,1160A AB A AD Ð=Ð=o ,则1AC的长为( )A .B .46C .D .32【答案】C 【解析】由11AC AC CC =+uuuu r uuu r uuuu r ,2222211111()2AC AC AC CC AC AC CC CC ==+=+×+uuuu r uuuu r uuu r uuuu r uuu r uuu r uuuu r uuuu r .由底面ABCD 为矩形得;241620AC =+=uuu r ,2136CC =uuuu r ,另;1160A AB A AD Ð=Ð=o ,1122()AC CC AB BC CC ×=+×uuu r uuuu r uuu r uuu r uuuu r ,01126cos 606,12AB CC BC CC ×=´´=×=uuu r uuuu r uuu r uuuur 21120363692,AC AC =++==uuuu r uuuu r 3.(2020·四川雨城�雅安中学高二月考(理))若空间四边形OABC 的四个面均为等边三角形,则cos ,OA BC uuu r uuu r 的值为( )A .12BC .12-D .0【答案】D【解析】依题意空间四边形OABC 的四个面均为等边三角形,设棱长均为a .而BC OC OB =-uuu r uuu r uuu r ,则()22cos cos 033OA OC OB OA OC OA OB a a p p ×-=×-×=×-×=uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r 所以()cos ,0OA OC OB OA BC OA BC OA BC OA BC ×-×===××uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r .故选:D 4.(2020·全国高二课时练习).1BB ⊥平面ABC ,且△ABC 是∠B =90°的等腰直角三角形,▱A 11B A B 、▱B 11B C C 的对角线都分别相互垂直且相等,若AB =a ,求异面直线1BA 与AC 所成的角.【答案】60°【解析】如图所示.因为11,BA BA BB AC AB BC=+=+uuu r uuu r uuur uuu r uuu r uuu r 故()()1111BA AC BA BB AB BC BA AB BA BC BB AB BB BC ×=+×+=×+×+×+×uuu r uuu r uuu r uuur uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuur uuu r uuur uuu r 因为AB ⊥BC ,BB 1⊥AB ,BB 1⊥BC ,故2110,0,0,AB BC BB AB BB BC BA AB a ×=×=×=×=-uuu r uuu r uuur uuu r uuuruuu r uuu r uuu r故21BA AC a ×=-uuu r uuu r 又111,BA AC BA AC cos BA AC×=××uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r uuu r故11,2cos BA AC ==-uuu r uuu r .而[]1,0,BA AC p Îuuu r uuu r ,故可得1,120BA AC =°uuu r uuu r <>,又∵异面直线所成的角是锐角或直角,∴异面直线BA 1与AC 成60°角.。
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UNISONIC TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD
UR132 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
200mA LOW DROPOUT LINEAR VOLTAGE REGULATOR
DESCRIPTION
The UTC UR132 is a 200mA fixed output voltage low dropout linear regulator. Wide range of available output voltage fits most of applications. Built-in output current-limiting most thermal-limiting provide maximal protection against any fault conditions.
FEATURES
* Guaranteed 200mA output current * Input voltage range up to 12V * Extremely tight load regulation * Fast transient response
* Current-limiting and thermal-limiting
* Three-terminal adjustable or fixed voltage.
*Pb-free plating product number: UR132L
ORDERING INFORMATION
Order Number
Pin Assignment.
Normal Lead Free Plating
Package
12345
Packing UR132-xx-AE3-3-R UR132L-xx-AE3-3-R SOT-23O G I --Tape Reel
UR132-xx-AE3-5-R UR132L-xx-AE3-5-R SOT-23G O I --Tape Reel UR132-xx-AF5-C-R UR132L-xx-AF5-C-R SOT-25
I G N N O
Tape Reel
Note: Pin assignment: I:V IN O:V OUT G:GND N: No Connection
MARKING INFORMATION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
V OUT
V IN
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
PARAMETER SYMBOL RATING UNIT
Input Voltage V IN -0.3~12 V Power Dissipation P D 300 mW Junction Temperature T J +125 °C Operation Temperature T OPR -20~+125 °C Storage Temperature T STG -40~+150 °C
Note: 1.Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which the device could be permanently damaged.
Absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only and functional device operation is not implied.
2.The device is guaranteed to meet performance specification within 0 ~ +70 operating temperature range and assured by design from -20 ~ +125 .
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ta=25°C, C IN =1µF, C OUT =10µF, unless otherwise specified)
FOR V OUT <3.3V (V OUT ±2%)
PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP. MAX UNIT
Output Voltage V OUT I L =2mA, V IN -V OUT =
2V V OUT ×0.98 V OUT V OUT ×1.02V
Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient T C V O 50 150 PPM/°C
Line Regulation
△V OUT I L =2mA,
V IN -V OUT =2V~V IN =9V 0.5 %V OUT Load Regulation (note 2)
△V OUT I L =2mA~200mA,
V IN -V OUT =2V 10 30 mV Current Limit (note 3) I L V IN -V OUT =2V, V OUT =0V 300 mA
Dropout Voltage (note 4,5) V D 1.5 V
Standby current I STN-BY I L =0, V IN =9V 3.0 mA
FOR ADJ and V OUT ≧3.3V (V OUT ±2%)
PARAMETER SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP. MAX UNIT
Output Voltage V OUT I L =2mA, V IN -V OUT =
2V V OUT ×0.98 V OUT V OUT ×1.02V Adjustable (R1=120Ω,R2=200Ω,V OUT =3.3V) Reference Voltage V REF V IN -V OUT =2V, I L =
2mA 1.238 1.250 1.262 V Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient T C V O 50 150 PPM/°C
Line Regulation
△V OUT I L =2mA,
V IN -V OUT =2V~V IN =12V 0.5 %V OUT Load Regulation (note 2)
△V OUT I L =2mA~200mA,
V IN -V OUT =2V
10 30 mV Current Limit (note 3) I L V IN -V OUT =2V, V OUT =
0V 300 mA Dropout Voltage (note 4,5) V D 1.3 V Standby current I STN-BY I L =0, V IN =12V 5.0 mA Note 1: Guaranteed by design.
Note 2: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulsed on time. Note 3: Current limit is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulsed on time.
Note 4: Dropout is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulsed on time, and the criterion is V OUT inside
target value ±2%.
Note 5: Dropout test is skipped at the condition of V IN <3V.
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
The part may oscillate without the capacitor, a 10µF (or larger) capacitor is recommended between V OUT and GND for stability. Any type of capacitor can be used, but not Aluminum electrolytic when operating below -20°C. The capacitance may be increased without limit. Besides, another 1µF capacitor (or larger) should be placed between V IN to GND.
UR132 ADJUSTABLE
V OUT
V IN
Cr:10uF to improve ripple rejection V OUT =V REF (1+R2/R1)+I ADJ *R2。