there-be-句型(学案)--

There be 句型
一. There be 句型常用来表示某地/某时有某物/某人
二. 各种句型结构
1.肯定句：
There＋be （is/are）＋某物/某人＋地点/时间。

房间里有一台电脑。

每晚有两场电视剧.
2.否定句：There＋be（is/are）＋not＋某物/某人＋地点/时间。

这个句式的否定形式的构成是将be之后加not，同时，原句中如有some一词，也应改为any. 例如:
树上没有鸟。

房后没有小孩。

3. 一般疑问句：Be（Is/Are）＋there＋某物/某人＋地点/时间？
图画中有鸟吗?
对疑问句的应答:
4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋be（is/are）＋there＋其它？
图片中有多少只小鸟?
仅有一只。

针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
What’s + 介词短语?
船上有什么？
5.There be 句型的反意疑问句
There is a cup on the table, ? 桌子上有只杯子，是吗？
There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, ? 邮筒里有很多信件，是吗？
There will be a new hospital nearby, ? 附近要建一家新医院，是吗?
三．主谓一致
There be后面所接的某物有多个时，谓语动词be要根据最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来确定，即就近原则。

e.g. There a pen, a pencil-box and some books on my desk. 我的桌子上有一支钢笔，一个铅笔盒和一些书。

There two boys and a teacher at the school gate. 门口有两个男孩，一个老师。

四．There be 结构和have的区别与联系（难点）
1.区别点：there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have 表示所有关系，强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。

如：
房前有些树。

汤姆在中国有许多朋友。

2.相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has）来表示。

如：
中国有许多长河。

三月份有多少天？
六. There be 结构中的时态
1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。

There fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天，山中有极美的野花。

There be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。

There several private schools in our area this year.今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。

2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。

There be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或许有支香烟。

There be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。

There to be a hospital there before the war.战前，那里曾经有家医院。

3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to ….
There be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。

There be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有个会议。

There be a storm.可能有一场暴雨。

There be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。

There have been a nasty accident.似乎发生了一起严重事故。

七. there be 句型的变体
there be结构中的be有时可用come (来), develop (产生), exist (存在), fall (落下), follow (跟随), happen (发生), lie (躺着), live (住着), occur (发生), remain (还有), rise (升起),stand (站着)等。

这些动词可以有时态变化，及物动词还可以有语态变化。

例如：
i. There fell a deep silence. 突然一片寂静。

ii. There remains one more test to be carried out before putting the instrument into operation. 在使用这一设备之前要完成一项试验。

iii. Not long after this, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste. 此后不久，公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。

iv. There stands at the center of the square the Monument to the People’s Heroes. 在广场的中央矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。

八. 习惯用语
There is no good /use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有好处/用处；There is not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽误。

例如：
和他交朋友没有什么好处。

他病得厉害，把他送到医院去，一刻也不能耽误。

难点部分(选学)
一. 主语后的动词形式
在there be 句型中，主语与动词是主动关系时, 动词用现在分词形式；是被动关系时，动词用过去分词形式。

如：
There is a purse （lie）on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。

There are five minutes (leave) now. 现在还有5分钟。

There is someone at the door (see) you.问口有人要见你。

二．there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。

如：
There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做。

注意：当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。

There is nothing to do.
There is nothing to be done.
三、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式
There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式
1.在句中作主语、宾语和状语。

（1）. there being 结构起名词的作用，直接位于句首作主语，通常用it 作形式主语，并且用for引导。

There （be）a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站，很是方便。

It is impossible for there (be) any more.不可能再有了。

（2）. there be 结构作宾语时，通常用there to be ，常作这样一些词的宾语：expect，like, mean, intend, want, prefer, hate等。

I expect there to be no argument about this.我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。

I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。

People don’t want there to be another war.人们不希望再有战争了。

另外，作介词宾语时，如果是介词for，只能用“there to be”其它介词用“there being”
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。

I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.
我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。

2. 作状语的there be 形式，通常用“there being”结构。

There being nothing else to do ,we went home.因为没有其他事可做，我们就回家了。

They closed the door ,there being no customers.因为没有顾客，他们的店关门了。

补充练习
一.根据所给汉语完成句子。

1. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。

There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.
2. 钱包里有些钱。

There ____ some money in the picture.
3. 在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。

____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.
4. 里面还有其他的东西吗？_____ _____ anything else in it?
5. 我们学校有许多班。

There _____ many _________ in our school.
6. 树上没有鸟。

There _____ ______ birds in the tree.
7. 树上有很多苹果。

______ ______ _______apples ______the tree.
二. 用“have,has,had”或“there be”填空
1. I________a good father and a good mother.
2. ____________a telescope on the desk.
3. He_________a tape-recorder.
4. _____________a basketball in the playground.
5. She__________some dresses.
6. They___________a nice garden.
7. What do you___________?
8. ______________a reading-room in the building?
9. What does Mike___________?
10. ______________any books in the bookcase?
11. My father_________an interesting story-book ten years ago. .
12. _______________a story-book on the table.
13. _______________any flowers in the vase just now?
14. How many students____________in the classroom?
15. My parents___________some nice pictures.
16. _____________a map of Japan on the wall yesterday .
17. ______________a map of the world on the wall.
18. David__________a telescope long before.
19. David’s friends___________some tents.
20. ______________many children on the hill tomorrow.
三．句型转换
1. There aren't any pictures on the wall.(同意句转换)
There _______ _______ pictures on the wall.
2. There isn't a bike behind the tree. (同意句转换)
There _______ _______bike behind the tree.
3. There is no milk in the glass (同意句转)
There _____ _____ milk in the glass.
4. There is no book on the floor. (同意句转换)
There _____ _____ book on the floor.
5. There are no pens in the pencil-case. (同意句转换)
There ______ ______pens in the pencil-case.
6. A week has seven days. (同意句转换)
______ ______ seven days ______a week.
7. There are some books on my shelves. (同意句转换)
______ ______ some books ______ the shelves.
8. Our class has 71 boys and girls. (同意句转换)
四．选择
1. How many ____ are there in the picture? A. woman B. women C. boy D. milk
2.There ____ two bowls of rice on the table. A. is B. have C. has D. are
3.Are there ___ houses near the river? Yes, there are_______ .
A. some, some
B. any, some
C. any, any
D. some, any
4. There _________ an English teacher and 40 students in the classroom.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. being
5. Where _________ dirt, there are flies.
A. there has
B. is
C. there is
D. has there
6. There _________ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live.
A. be
B. was
C. were
D. being
7. The students expected there ________ more reviewing classes before the final exam.
A. be
B. being
C. have been
D. to be。