外研八年级下册Module5语法总结(现在完成时和一般过去时之对比)(共20张PPT)

“延续性时间状语”:
for + 段时间 since + 点时间
时间点 1929 段时间+ ago over 80 years ago 句子（一般过去时）since ...invented him.
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
Have a Try: 用 for 和 since 填空
一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语 + p.p. (过去分词） 肯回： Yes, 主语 + have/ has 否回： No, 主语 + haven't/ hasn't.
缩写形式： I have... = I've We have... = We've... He has... = He's...
Her parents have married for twenty years. ( ) marry-- be married Her parents have been married for twenty years.
I have bought the pen since a week ago. ( ) buy-- have I have had the pen since a week ago.
How long _h__a_v_e_ the Robinsons _b__e_e_n_ __i_n___ Egypt?
3. 王先生不在这里，他去北京了。
Mr. Wang isn't here. He __h_a_s__ _g_o_n_e__ _t_o____ to Beijing.
Tintin has been popular for over eighty years.
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
1. 动作在过去发生，并且已经结束，但是对现在产生了影响
We
现在完成时
our homework.
模糊时间
We finished our homework two hours ago.
D. will know
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
现在完成时
使用语境
1. 动作在过去发生，并且已经结束，但是对现在产生了影响
We've already finished our homework. 现在完成时 Vs. 一般现在时 模糊时间 Vs. 确切过去时间
时间标志词：before, already, ever, never, yet, so far, up to now...
一般过去时
确切过去时间
现在完成时 Vs. 一般过去时 模糊时间 Vs. 确切过去时间
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
1. 动作在过去发生，并且已经结束，但是对现在产生了影响
时间标志词：before, just, already, ever, never, yet, so far, up to now...
have/ has been in 仍待在某地，已停留一段时间，通常后接表一段时间状语
Maria has been in Shanghai for a week.
have/ has been to
曾经去过某地，已回，通常与ever, just, never 或者 表次数的词连用
I have been to Shanghai twice. I have never been to Shanghai.
_____f_o_r___ three minutes _____s_in_c_e__ two o'clock _____f_o_r___ two days _____s_in_c_e__ yesterday evening _____s_in_c_e__ I came here _____s_in_c_e__ last Sunday
1. Thomas has died for 8 years. Thomas has been dead for 8 years.
2. He has returned since last month. He has been back since last month.
3. We have made friends with each other since we were children. We have been friends with each other since we were children.
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
现在完成时表“延续”条件二： 谓语要表“延续性瞬” 间动词转化为延续动词
动词按持续时间分类：瞬间动词& 延续动词
瞬间动词： 也叫点动词、短暂动词，指动作瞬间完成，发生后立马结束，不能延续。
如：start, finish, buy, borrow, lend, die, come, go, arrive, leave...
yet,
so
模糊时间
far, up to
Vs. 确切过去时间
now...
2. 动作开始于过去某一刻，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去
Tintin has been popular for over eighty years.
现在完成时表“延续”条件一： 与“延续性时间状语”连用 for+段时间，since + 点时间
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
现在完成时
使用语境
1. 动作在过去发生，并且已经结束，但是对现在产生了影响
We've already finished our homework. 现在完成时 Vs. 一般过去时
时间标志词：before,
already,
ever,
never,
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. 瞬间动词 → 对应的延续动词
buy→ have, borrow→ keep
2. 瞬间动词 → be + 副词/介词短语/形容词，表状态，可延续
如：start/begin → be on, finish/end → be over,
2. 动作开始于过去某一刻，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去
Tintin has been popular for over eighty years.
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
2. 动作开始于过去某一刻，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去 现在完成时表“延续”条件一： 与“延续性时间状语”连用
M5 语法总结
——现在完成时和一般过去时之对比
现在完成时
Tintin has been popular for over eighty years.
结构：肯定句： 主语 + have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
否定句： 主语 + have/ has + not + p.p. (过去分词）
_____f_o_r___ a week
_____f_o_r___ a long time _____s_in_c_e__ 1982 _____f_o_r___ two weeks
_____s_in_c_e__ two years ago _____s_in_c_e__ last month
“延续性时间状语”:
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
过去分词不规则变化
过去分词 (规则&不规则）
常见不规则变化
AAA型
put-put-put let-let-let cut-cut-cut
ABB型
buy- bought-bought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught
瞬间动词不能跟时间段 His grandfather has died for 6 years.
延续动词： 表示能够延续的动作，动作可延续下去或产生持久的影响。
如：read, watch, learn, work, stand, know, walk, wait, live, stay...
延续动词可以跟时间段 We have learned English for two years.
for + 段时间 since + 点时间
时间点 段时间+ ago 句子（一般过去时）
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
2. 动作开始于过去某一刻，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去 现在完成时表“延续”条件一： 与“延续性时间状语”连用 现在完成时表“延续”条件二： 谓语要表“延续性”
You have... = You've... They have... = They've... She has... = She's
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
过去分词规则变化
过去分词 (规则&不规则）
1.一般情况下直接+ed，如look变looked； 2.以不发音e结尾，直接+d，如 move变moved; 3.以辅元辅结尾，双写尾辅，再+ed，如stop变stopped； 4.辅音字母+y结尾，把y变i，再+ed构成过去式，如cry变cried；
现在完成时 hhaavvee//hhaass++pp.p.p. .(过(过去去分分词词））
Have a Try: 翻译句子。
1. 他们去过许多有趣的地方。
They _h_a_v__e_ __b_e_e_n_ __t_o___ many interesting places.
2. 罗宾逊一家在埃及待了多久了？
find-found-found get-got-got stand-stood-stood
ABA型
come-came-come become-became-become
ABC型
begin-began-begun go-went-gone do-did-done
know-knew-known see-saw-seen give-gave-given
I
the Youth With You
.
现在完成时
模糊时间
I watched the Youth With You yesterday evening.
一般过去时
确切过去时间
现在完成时
Have a Try:
hhaavvee//hhaass++pp.p.p. .(过(过去去分分词词））
——How about seeing a film with me?
Tintin has been popular for over eighty years. Tintin has been popular since the artist invented him. Tintin has been popular since 1929. Tintin has been popular since over eighty years ago.
die → be dead,
leave → be away,
return → be back,
marry → be married,
join → be in,
close → be closed,
现在完成时 hhaavvee//hhaass++pp.p.p. .(过(过去去分分词词））
Have a Try: 纠正句子
——Sorry, I ___D_____ it.
A. saw
B. seeing
C. seen
D. have seen
Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ___B_____ the bad news.
A. knew
B. have known
C. must know
现在完成时表“延续”条件二： 谓语要表“延续性” 瞬间动词转化为延续动词
现在完成时 hhaavvee//hhaass++pp.p.p. .(过(过去去分分词词））
现在完成时
易混句型
have/ has gone to 去某地了，还未回，通常人不在说话现场
Maria has gone to Shanghai.
AAB型
beat-beat-beaten
现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
1. 动作在过去发生，并且已经结束，但是对现在产生了影响
现在完成时
使用语境
We've already finished our homework.
2. 动作开始于过去某一刻，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去