Relative clause 定语从句

Relative clause 定语从句
修饰名词或代词的句子就叫定语从句。

定语从句给它所修饰的人或事物更多的信息。

先了解几个和定语从句有关的词：
1．定语从句所修饰的名词和代词叫做先行词。

定语从句紧跟在先行词后面。

2．引导定语从句的词叫做关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。

关系副词有when, where, why 等。

关系词在定语从句中分别可以做主语、宾语、定语和状语。

1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语
The chair which cost me a lot was broken.
花了我很多钱的那张椅子坏了。

（句中chair是先行词，which cost me a lot是
定语从句，which 是关系代词，在定语从句中
做主语，可用that代替。

）
I hate people who/ that tell lies. (P103)
我憎恨说谎的人。

（people 是先行词，who tell lies是定语从
句，who是关系代词，在定语从句中做主语，
可用that代替。

）
2. 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语
I’ve just come to get some medicine (which/ that )my grandfather needs. (P103)
我只是来拿些我爷爷需要的药。

（medicine是先行词，which或that在定语从句中
做动词needs的宾语，可以省略。

）
The man (who/ that /whom) my father is talking
with is my teacher.
那个我父亲正在和他谈话的男人是我的老师
（man是先行词，who, whom和that在定语从句
中做介词with的宾语，可以省略。

）
注意：whom 指人，在紧跟介词时，只能用
whom, 不能省略，也不能用who或that代替，在
从句中做介词宾语，例如：
The boy to whom I spoke just now is my
cousin.
我刚才和他讲话的那个男孩是我的表弟。

关于定语从句的两点提示
1. 关系代词要依据先行词而定。

当关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语时：
(1). 先行词是“物”时，要用which或that；
(2). 先行词是“人”时，要用who或that，但who比that更常用。

2. 定语从句中动词的数要与先行词呼应。

例如：
The boy who is standing by the door is
waiting for his mother. 那个站在门边的男
孩正在等他妈妈。

（先行词boy是单数, 从
句动词用is standing.）
The boys who are playing football are from
Class 3. 那些正在踢足球的男孩是三班的。

（先行词boys是复数，从句动词用are
playing.）
定语从句的两种类型
1. 限制性定语从句：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去这种定语从句，主句的意思就不完整，从句与主句之间不能用逗号分开。

例如：
I’ll never forget the English teacher who often told
us interesting stories.
我永远不会忘记那个常常给我们讲有趣故事的英语
老师。

（意思是：我有很多英语老师，我忘不了的
是常常给我们讲有趣故事的那一位。

如果没有这个
定语从句，就不知道是指哪一位英语老师了。

）
2. 非限制性定语从句：只是对先行词加以补
充说明，如果略去，主句的意思仍然清楚和
完整，这种从句与主句之间要用逗号分开，
而且不能用that引导。

I’ll never forget my first English teacher, who
often told us interesting stories. (P105)
我永远不会忘记我的第一位英语老师，他常
常给我们讲有趣的故事。

（主句的意思已很
完整，从句只是补充说明。

）
中考链接
1. Last summer I went to Lu Xun’s hometown and visited the house __ he was born. (08年广州中考)
A that
B there
C which
D where
2. Last summer I went to Lu Xun’s hometown and visited the house ____ he was born in.
A that
B there
C in which
D where
3. Have you read the book ___ I gave you yesterday?
A that
B when
C where
D who
4. The book ___ cover is blue cost me 20 yuan.
A which
B that
C whose
D where
5. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) ___ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.
A where
B which
C who
D what
6. Australia is the most beautiful country
___ I have ever visited.
A which
B that
C where
D what
7. The only language ___ is easy to learn is
the mother tongue.
A. which
B. that
C. /
D. it
8. The factory ___ Mr. Li used to work
was closed last week.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
9. Do you still remember the day ___
we first met?
A. that
B. when
C . What D. on that
10. I will never forget the years ___
I spent in China.
A. that B when
C where
D in which
一、选择最佳答案填空。

( )1. Is there anything ____ to you?
A. that belong
B. which belong
C. that belongs
D. that is belonged ( )2. I’ve read all the books ____ I borrowed from the library.
A. they
B. which
C. /
D. that
( )3. This is the best hotel in the city ____ I know.
A. it
B. where
C. that
D. which
( )4. Is oxygen the only gas ____ helps fire burn?
A. it
B. which
C. /
D. that
( )5. This is one of the best films ____ this year.
A. which has shown
B. that have been shown
C. that have shown
D. has been shown
二、将下列句子中的错误找出来，并将正确内容写在横线上。

1. He told us about the countries where he had visited.
2. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.
3. The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.
4. The man came yesterday is our English teacher.
5. I know the student was praised at the meeting last week.
三、用适当的关系代词填空。

1. This is the professor ____ taught me chemistry in 1980.
2. The hospital ____ was built five years ago has been modernized.
3. The film ____ we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.
4. Do you know the student ____ was praised at the meeting?
5. They work in a factory ____ makes radio parts.
Keys
一、
1-5 CDCDB
二、
1. where－that/ which
2. where-which/ that
3. when-that/ which
4. man后面加who/ that
5. students后面加who
三、
1. who/ that
2. which/ that
3. which/ that
4. who/ that
5. which/ that。