高考英语分析及重难点总结
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② 先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时.例如: He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. ③ 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如: He was the second (person) that told me the secret. ④ 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.
She had only 1.87 with which to buy (= she could buy) Jim, her husband, a present. 她只有 一元八角七分钱,用这些钱她给丈夫吉姆买一件礼物。分句中分别可作时间、地点和 原因状语,代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。如:
A.She accepted his proposal, as(which)was natural.
她接受了她的求婚,这是自然而然的。 B.The boy is pretty handsome, as(which)we can see in our classroom.
这个男孩非常的帅气,正如我们在教室看到。
②The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer. 这人是一位 工程师,我是从他那里得到这个消息的。
第十六页
介词+关系代词结构
5. “介词+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”用于被动结构的关系分句中, 作状语,说明动作的执行者。如:
定义:在复合句中,修饰名词 或代词,起定语作用(修饰限 定)的从句叫做定语从句。
第三页
关系词
关系代词:that/which/who (whom/whose)/as
关系副词:when/where/why
第四页
关系代词/副词的用法 关系代词在从句中的所指和充当的成分 注:关系副词在句中作状语(时间/地点/原因)
第十四页
介词+关系代词结构
1. “介词+ which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语,代替相应 的关系副词when, where和why。如:
①I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
句)【不表示特指,只起补充说明作用。标志就是逗
号】
第八页
定语从句中只能用that的情况
① 先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词 时(当先行词为someone或其它指代人的不定代词时,可用who).
例如: All that he said is true.
他没有赴约,这事我不相信。
第十二页
As与which的辨析
2.2 as与the same,such 连用时,用as。
A.This is the same phone as I have borrowed from my sister. 这个手机和我向我姐姐借的一样。
B.I have never had such a chance to make a speech as I always imagined.
第七页
定语从句的两种形式:限制性定语从句和非限 制性定语从句
This is the movie which we saw last night.(限
制性定语从句)【可以理解为集合中的一个子集,表 示特指】 The movie ,which is called The foundation of a Republic ,is very wonderful.(非限制性定语从
②The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一
个大厂子。
2. “介词+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在关系分句中作地点状语,表示
存在关系,关系分句主谓常须倒装。如:
①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他们 来到一处农舍,前边坐着一个小男孩。
下了一天一夜,就在这期间轮船撞碎了。
②The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps. 司机就是那个男人, 她从他的房间偷走地图。
8. “介词+ which +不定式”。此种用法多见于正文体中,相当于一个带有主语和谓 语的定语从句。如:
一添加,一删除,八修改;必有时态,必有形容词与副词的转化;必有非谓语
书面表达 ★★
连句成篇;写作能力
背句型模板;套句型
第一页
单词记忆
1.音标读音记忆(最有效)
单词读两遍,意思读两遍,根据音标拼写单词
2.坚持每天阅读单词 3.在句子中运用,造句练习记忆
短语记忆
1.多读
2.在句子中运用,造句练习记忆
第二页
(指人做定) I like the person to whom you just talked.(指人做宾) We shall never forget the days that we spent together.(指物做宾) We shall never forget the days when we lived together. (时间状语)
众所周知,技术就像是引擎推动着经济的发展。
B.The diva,as you know, is famous throughout the world.
这个女歌剧演唱家,正如你知道的,在全世界都出名。 C.He has stood her up, which I don`t believe.
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
⑤ 先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如: He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
第九页
定语从句中只能用which的情况
①在非限制性定语从中.例如: The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted. ②定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如:
指人
指物
主语
宾语
定语
that
√
√
√
√
×
which
×
√
√
√
×
who
√
×
√
√
×
whom
√
×
×
√
×
whose
√
√
×
×
√
第五页
例句
The man who came to our school is Yaoming.(指人做主)
The girl whom I met is Lucy.(指人做宾)
The child whose parents are dead is called Tom.(指人做定) I like the book which you bought yesterday.(指物做宾) His parents would not let him marry anyone whose family was poor.
题型 难度系数 考察知识
技巧
听力
★★听力能Leabharlann 和信息分析听关键词;卷面标注
阅读理解 ★★★
词汇;句型;阅读分析能力
抓细节;细分析
细节理解;词意推断;文章主旨;后文推断;最佳标题
七选五 ★★★
阅读分析能力;逻辑推理
找关键词句;
完形填空 ★★★☆ 词汇;句型;上下文推断;理解分析 打牢词汇基础;熟悉各种句式;反复通读全文;找暗示
中之一是钓鱼岛。 ②There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. 这里有许
多学生,他们之中无人喜欢这部电影。
4. “介词+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在关系分句中作目的、方 式或地点状语。如:
①Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? 你能告诉我 这件衣服是给谁买的吗?
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
注:当介词前移时指人用whom,指物用which,不可 用that
第十页
As与which的辨析
As 和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句,在用法上有一些区别。 1.as 和which都可以在定语从句中作主语,宾语,既可修饰一个词也可修饰 前面的整个句子。
①The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。 ②This is the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 这就是他为什么被关起来
①The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 伤害羊的那只狼 被打死了。
②The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼
的那人是一个好猎手。
6. “名词+ of which”代替“whose +名词”在关系分句中作定语。如: ①I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black
with disease. 我看见一些树,它们的叶子因害病而发黑。 ②He mentioned a book, the title of which (= whose title) I’ve forgotten.
他提到一本书,书名我忘了。
第十七页
介词+关系代词结构
7. “介词+ which(指物)/whose(指人)”修饰后边的名词。如: ①It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. 雨
我从没有这样一个机会去演讲,正如我一直想象 的那样。
第十三页
As与which的辨析
2.3在从句中谓语动词为被动语态,缺少 主语时用as,不用which。
A.Everyone knows that she has left, as was expected.
所有人都知道她又一次离开了,正如我 们预料的那样。
考察内容较多,包括词汇中的词义辨析(名词、动词及动词短语、形容词、副词、介词),和固定搭配。句型中的各类句式(定语从句、主语从句、状语从句 等);多为记叙文
语法填空 ★★☆
基本语法知识;词类转化
熟记词类转化;熟记语法知识
必有时态,必有语态,必有词性转换,必有从句
短文改错 ★★☆
基本语法知识;词类转化;观察能力 熟记词类转化;熟记语法知识;逐句观察阅读
②I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看见一个人, 他的头上有一只鸟。
第十五页
介词+关系代词结构
3. “不定代词或数词+ of + which(指物)/whom(指人)”在关系分句 中作主语,说明整体中的一部分。如:
①China has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu. 中国有许多岛屿,其
第十一页
As与which的辨析
2.as 在非限定性定语从句中的使用
2.1 as可以放在主句之前,主句之后,也可以放在句中,可以说位置很灵活。但
是which常用在主句之后
A.As we know,technology just like a engine to push the development of economics.
第六页
分析定语从句
1.画从句,从空起到第二个动词前 例如:The man 丨___ came to our school丨 is Yaoming. 2.判断从句缺不缺成分(不缺成分填关系副词,缺成分填 关系代词)
例如上述句子中,came to是动词短语,our school是宾语,
缺了主语
3.判断空上所填的关系代词/副词指人还是指物 例如上述句子中,空前面The man是先行词,是人,指人做 主的先行词为who/that
She had only 1.87 with which to buy (= she could buy) Jim, her husband, a present. 她只有 一元八角七分钱,用这些钱她给丈夫吉姆买一件礼物。分句中分别可作时间、地点和 原因状语,代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。如:
A.She accepted his proposal, as(which)was natural.
她接受了她的求婚,这是自然而然的。 B.The boy is pretty handsome, as(which)we can see in our classroom.
这个男孩非常的帅气,正如我们在教室看到。
②The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer. 这人是一位 工程师,我是从他那里得到这个消息的。
第十六页
介词+关系代词结构
5. “介词+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”用于被动结构的关系分句中, 作状语,说明动作的执行者。如:
定义:在复合句中,修饰名词 或代词,起定语作用(修饰限 定)的从句叫做定语从句。
第三页
关系词
关系代词:that/which/who (whom/whose)/as
关系副词:when/where/why
第四页
关系代词/副词的用法 关系代词在从句中的所指和充当的成分 注:关系副词在句中作状语(时间/地点/原因)
第十四页
介词+关系代词结构
1. “介词+ which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语,代替相应 的关系副词when, where和why。如:
①I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
句)【不表示特指,只起补充说明作用。标志就是逗
号】
第八页
定语从句中只能用that的情况
① 先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词 时(当先行词为someone或其它指代人的不定代词时,可用who).
例如: All that he said is true.
他没有赴约,这事我不相信。
第十二页
As与which的辨析
2.2 as与the same,such 连用时,用as。
A.This is the same phone as I have borrowed from my sister. 这个手机和我向我姐姐借的一样。
B.I have never had such a chance to make a speech as I always imagined.
第七页
定语从句的两种形式:限制性定语从句和非限 制性定语从句
This is the movie which we saw last night.(限
制性定语从句)【可以理解为集合中的一个子集,表 示特指】 The movie ,which is called The foundation of a Republic ,is very wonderful.(非限制性定语从
②The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一
个大厂子。
2. “介词+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在关系分句中作地点状语,表示
存在关系,关系分句主谓常须倒装。如:
①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他们 来到一处农舍,前边坐着一个小男孩。
下了一天一夜,就在这期间轮船撞碎了。
②The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps. 司机就是那个男人, 她从他的房间偷走地图。
8. “介词+ which +不定式”。此种用法多见于正文体中,相当于一个带有主语和谓 语的定语从句。如:
一添加,一删除,八修改;必有时态,必有形容词与副词的转化;必有非谓语
书面表达 ★★
连句成篇;写作能力
背句型模板;套句型
第一页
单词记忆
1.音标读音记忆(最有效)
单词读两遍,意思读两遍,根据音标拼写单词
2.坚持每天阅读单词 3.在句子中运用,造句练习记忆
短语记忆
1.多读
2.在句子中运用,造句练习记忆
第二页
(指人做定) I like the person to whom you just talked.(指人做宾) We shall never forget the days that we spent together.(指物做宾) We shall never forget the days when we lived together. (时间状语)
众所周知,技术就像是引擎推动着经济的发展。
B.The diva,as you know, is famous throughout the world.
这个女歌剧演唱家,正如你知道的,在全世界都出名。 C.He has stood her up, which I don`t believe.
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
⑤ 先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如: He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
第九页
定语从句中只能用which的情况
①在非限制性定语从中.例如: The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted. ②定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如:
指人
指物
主语
宾语
定语
that
√
√
√
√
×
which
×
√
√
√
×
who
√
×
√
√
×
whom
√
×
×
√
×
whose
√
√
×
×
√
第五页
例句
The man who came to our school is Yaoming.(指人做主)
The girl whom I met is Lucy.(指人做宾)
The child whose parents are dead is called Tom.(指人做定) I like the book which you bought yesterday.(指物做宾) His parents would not let him marry anyone whose family was poor.
题型 难度系数 考察知识
技巧
听力
★★听力能Leabharlann 和信息分析听关键词;卷面标注
阅读理解 ★★★
词汇;句型;阅读分析能力
抓细节;细分析
细节理解;词意推断;文章主旨;后文推断;最佳标题
七选五 ★★★
阅读分析能力;逻辑推理
找关键词句;
完形填空 ★★★☆ 词汇;句型;上下文推断;理解分析 打牢词汇基础;熟悉各种句式;反复通读全文;找暗示
中之一是钓鱼岛。 ②There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. 这里有许
多学生,他们之中无人喜欢这部电影。
4. “介词+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在关系分句中作目的、方 式或地点状语。如:
①Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? 你能告诉我 这件衣服是给谁买的吗?
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
注:当介词前移时指人用whom,指物用which,不可 用that
第十页
As与which的辨析
As 和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句,在用法上有一些区别。 1.as 和which都可以在定语从句中作主语,宾语,既可修饰一个词也可修饰 前面的整个句子。
①The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。 ②This is the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 这就是他为什么被关起来
①The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 伤害羊的那只狼 被打死了。
②The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼
的那人是一个好猎手。
6. “名词+ of which”代替“whose +名词”在关系分句中作定语。如: ①I saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black
with disease. 我看见一些树,它们的叶子因害病而发黑。 ②He mentioned a book, the title of which (= whose title) I’ve forgotten.
他提到一本书,书名我忘了。
第十七页
介词+关系代词结构
7. “介词+ which(指物)/whose(指人)”修饰后边的名词。如: ①It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. 雨
我从没有这样一个机会去演讲,正如我一直想象 的那样。
第十三页
As与which的辨析
2.3在从句中谓语动词为被动语态,缺少 主语时用as,不用which。
A.Everyone knows that she has left, as was expected.
所有人都知道她又一次离开了,正如我 们预料的那样。
考察内容较多,包括词汇中的词义辨析(名词、动词及动词短语、形容词、副词、介词),和固定搭配。句型中的各类句式(定语从句、主语从句、状语从句 等);多为记叙文
语法填空 ★★☆
基本语法知识;词类转化
熟记词类转化;熟记语法知识
必有时态,必有语态,必有词性转换,必有从句
短文改错 ★★☆
基本语法知识;词类转化;观察能力 熟记词类转化;熟记语法知识;逐句观察阅读
②I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看见一个人, 他的头上有一只鸟。
第十五页
介词+关系代词结构
3. “不定代词或数词+ of + which(指物)/whom(指人)”在关系分句 中作主语,说明整体中的一部分。如:
①China has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu. 中国有许多岛屿,其
第十一页
As与which的辨析
2.as 在非限定性定语从句中的使用
2.1 as可以放在主句之前,主句之后,也可以放在句中,可以说位置很灵活。但
是which常用在主句之后
A.As we know,technology just like a engine to push the development of economics.
第六页
分析定语从句
1.画从句,从空起到第二个动词前 例如:The man 丨___ came to our school丨 is Yaoming. 2.判断从句缺不缺成分(不缺成分填关系副词,缺成分填 关系代词)
例如上述句子中,came to是动词短语,our school是宾语,
缺了主语
3.判断空上所填的关系代词/副词指人还是指物 例如上述句子中,空前面The man是先行词,是人,指人做 主的先行词为who/that