一般现在时讲解与习题

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一般现在时讲解与习题
一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一,是初中英语语法重点。

它表示1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。

e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客观真理e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.
其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前.
其句式变化可分为两种情况1)表示动作,一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。

E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2)单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。

Jenny speaks English very well.
Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.
Does Jenny speak English very well?
含有be动词的要在be上做变化.
Danny is a good student.
Danny isn’t a good student.
Is Danny a good student?
其时间状语为often、usually、always、sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays、
、every day 等。

A.一般现在时
1.一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。

主语是第三人称单数时,动词后面要加-s或-es。

They want good jobs.
他们想要好的工作。

The coat matches the dress.
外衣和裙子很相配。

This work does not satisfy me.
这项工作我不满意。

Do you understand?
你懂了吗?
2.一般现在时的用法
①一般现在时的基本用法
a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态
He always takes a walk after supper.
晚饭后他总是散散步。

Everyone is in high spirits now.
现在大家都情绪高涨。

b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起在西方落下。

Sound travels faster through water than it does through air.
声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。

Time and tide wait for no man.
时间不等人。

c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态
This cloth feels soft.
这布摸上去很软。

I love classical music.
我喜欢古典音乐。

The President still seems able to find time to go fishing.
看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。

d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
The meeting begins at 7:00.
会议七点钟开始。

We leave here at 8:00 sharp.
我们八点整离开这里。

e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作
When you come next time, bring me some magazines.
你下次来时,给我带几本杂志。

If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话,我们明天去那里。

Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home.
不管他同意与否,我都会待在家里。

②一般现在时的特殊用法
a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中
China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful
中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功
Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow
劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科
b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中
Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
弗朗西斯穿过去,把球传给姚明,姚明跳起来,接住球投进篮里。

Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine.
现在,看,我按下按扭,打开了这台机器。

c. 表示告诫或劝说
You mind your own business.
你不要管闲事!
If he does that again, he goes to prison.
如果他再那样的话,他就会进监狱的。

d. 表示现在瞬间的动作
Here comes the bus.
汽车来了。

There goes the bell.
铃响了。

常见错误如下:
一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中
例:We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
答案:plant
解析:同学往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。

这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be是表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be 、do不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。


自我检测:(一)、单选答案:1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B
1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work; works
B works; work
C work; are working
D is working; work
2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have
B there is
C there are
D has
3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain
4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
A rose; set
B rises; sets
C rises, set
D rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A like; listen
B likes; listens
C like; are listening
D liking ; listen
6 Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study
B studies
C study
D studied
(二)、填空答案:1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesn't look
1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.
2 _____your sister_____(know)English?
3Her home____ _____ ______(远离)her school.
4The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.
5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?
6 Who_____(想要)to go swimming?
7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day?
8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
二、单三人称形式易出错
例:1 He plaies (play) football very well. 2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.
答案:1 plays 2 goes
解析:1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es;2与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.
三、在句式变换时易出错
例:1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China.
答案:1 Does have 2 doesn’t live
解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。

此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。

He didn't go home yesterday.
四、对do的理解易出错
例:We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
答案:don’t do
解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“做,干”。

此句中给出的do 指“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词don’t。

五、对主语的数判断有误
例:Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.
答案: is
解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用is.
另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。

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