翻译二级口译实务分类模拟题环境保护（Environmental+Protection）

第七单元环境保护Environmental Protection
口译练习
英译汉
Passage 1
To me, the most interesting and immediate question is not whether the United States will ratify the Kyoto Protocol, but whether other parties are prepared to work toward that goal. The next few months will determine whether other patties choose an agreement on their terms without the United States, or whether they prefer an agreement that may require some compromise of ideological positions, but will in fact be effective and will include the United States. //
I believe the EU and others, for a number of reasons, will conclude that its interests and those of the environment lie in crafting an agreement that the United States can support. The United States accounts for approximately 25% of global industrial emissions. Any agreement that excludes the United States will not control global warming. In addition, European businesses may wonder why they are asked to assume significant new climate change obligations if U.S. competitors are not going to be subject to roughly the same rules. //
I might note two additional factors relevant here: first, the idea of emissions trading is growing in popularity in capitals on the continent, and also in London and Brussels. Second, economists are warning that few countries, with the notable exception of the United Kingdom, are on track to meet their Kyoto commitments. I am hopeful that these forces will allow governments at COP-6 to mold the Protocol into a sensible, practical shape, one which the United States can support. //
Let me say a word more about developing country's participation because this is an area where the United States is frequently misunderstood. The undeniable fact is that climate change is a global problem that requires a global solution. To be sure, industrialization in the North contributed enormously to increased greenhouse gas concentrations. Developed countries, including the Untied States, must take significant steps immediately. //
Acting alone, however, developed countries cannot stabilize global greenhouse gas concentrations. From a scientific standpoint, meaningful partic ipation by key developing countries is a necessity. Several large developing countries will soon become the world's leading emitters. Developing countries already produce 44% of global fossil fuel emissions. In addition, developing countries are responsible for a disproportionate share of deforestation and other land-use practices that have raised carbon concentrations. // Per capita energy intensity ratios in some, not all, developing countries continue to rise briskly, despite the existence of clean technologies that were not invented when developed countries were industrialized. In the immediate future, 80% of new electric power generation projects will occur in developing countries. All of us want those projects to use the latest cutting edge technologies. //
I mention these facts not to bicker about past or future responsibility, for that detracts from our common cause of halting global warming, but to highlight the need for all countries to be a part of the solution. //
In a very real sense, developing countries have the most to gain from an effective Protocol in which all the industrialized countries participate. For developing countries, unfortunately, have the least capacity to adapt to climate change. The longer we wait, the harder it will be to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at acceptable levels and the harder these countries will be hit. // The 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change points the way: each nation should
take national and international steps commensurate with its capacity to contribute to the global solution based on the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities". // Many developing countries have taken significant unilateral action already. China, for example, has sought to conserve energy and reduce emissions growth while simultaneously raising living standards dramatically. Without price reforms and energy efficiency gains, China's emissions would be more than 50% higher than they are now. //
We recognize, moreover, that some developing countries may lack the capacity to assume and implement legally binding emissions targets at this time. For these countries, other types of action would be appropriate at present. All developing countries should explore opportunities under the Clean Development Mechanism, adopt sound national policies on energy and land use, and pursue other climate-friendly measures under the Framework Convention. // The negotiating histories of both the Framework Convention and Kyoto Protocol demonstrate general agreement on the need to mitigate climate change while allowing for continued economic growth. The Untied States believes this formula remains the key to securing developing country action. Developing countries are finding in the Kyoto Protocol avenues to pursue their development and environmental goals simultaneously. There is a growing recognition of the potential of the Clean Development Mechanism to direct advanced technology and major capital flows to the developing world. //
(Excerpts from "Under Secretary of State Loy on Kyoto Protocol" made by former Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs Frank E. Loy to American Bar Association Conference) Passage 2
Just a couple of days ago, climbers, backed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), returned from the Himalayas, where they gathered first-hand accounts from monks, local people and other travelers on the state of the environment of the world's most famous mountain range. They have recorded in words, in photographs, and on film, the dramatic impacts that global warming is having on glaciers, causing them to rapidly thaw, and build up melt waters in mountain lakes. As a result, these lakes could soon burst, sending millions of tons of water and rubble swirling down the valleys threatening life and limb. // The expedition has also looked at the impacts of tourism on the mountains, concluding that much of what is happening is environmentally damaging, and a burden on the people, wildlife and landscapes of these once pristine wilderness areas. //
Every year World Environment Day is an occasion to pause and reflect on the state of the environment. This year especially, faced with the findings of our climbers, in the International Y ear of the Mountains, I urge you to "Give Earth a Chance". I ask you to look at our daily impact on the planet and its peoples, and to take action to improve our environmental behavior. // Although mountains have been revered since time began, such beliefs are no longer enough to preserve fragile mountain ecosystems, for the well-being of all. We face an immense challenge, the challenge of ensuring their stability and preservation for the generations to come. // Mountains are our water-towers. Mountains are a major source of energy. Mountains feed those living on them. Mountain ecosystems are linked to life in the lowlands, to freshwater and to the seas. Mountains are islands of rich biological and cultural diversity, home to unique plants, animals, languages and traditions. //
Sustainable development is a must. We need to combine the environmental dimension with social activity and economic development. This must be our common target, especially in
mountain regions. Without sustainable development we cannot solve the problems. It is not enough to simply say we have a conservation plan for nature, and natural resources. // We must give people a chance to live and survive in these regions, therefore we need jobs; we need a perspective for young people to remain there and not go to the big cities. Mountains are virtual treasure chests of untapped economic potential—vital to sustainable development. This was recognized by the Earth Summit in Rio. //
Mountains attract tourists, but tourism has to be well managed to minimize impact on sensitive mountain environments. Respect should be the byword of the tourists, and tour operators, that bring people into contact with local people and landscapes, //The respect includes paying local people a decent wage, sourcing local food and materials where possible, and observing local customs, beliefs and traditions. Tourists are guests in other peoples' ecosystems and should behave as such. Mountains as a resource HA VE to be valued, and some of that value has to benefit mountain dwellers. Earnings from tourism should be shared equitably between all stakeholders. // Especially this year, the International Y ear of Ecotourism, every effort should be made to promote Ecotourism in mountains. For some communities and regions, sustainable tourism can be a first step towards sustainable development. Let us hope that all societies will come to revere mountains, and thus be motivated to invest in them, preserve this unique asset, and in turn reap benefit from it. //
On this World Environment Day let us all begin to act for the conservation not only of the mountains, but the sea, the land, water and the air too. Let us act to give the Earth a chance. An unpolluted pristine environment is vital to our survival, a precious resource, which will only endure if we Give Earth a Chance. //
"Give Earth a Chance" by of UNEP former Executive Director Klaus Toepfer on the occasion of World Environment Day 5 June, 2002)
Passage 3
The issue of climate change is now very, very critical indeed. Let me try and explain to you frankly what I see, from the policy-makers point of view, as the two difficulties we've got to overcome and how we overcome them. //
The first is that I think there is a clear recognition round the world now that something is happening to our climate—people are experienc ing it and feeling it. Nonetheless, the timeframe over which some of these things are going to impact is certainly beyond any very short-term political cycle, and often stretches significantly into the future. That's one issue. // And the other issue is that there has grown up round the world, a debate, that sometimes I think takes place on a quite false basis but nonetheless is there, that somehow there is a trade-off between economic growth and environmental protection, so that if we improve the protection of our environment, we may inhibit our ability to grow and to enjoy rising living standards. // Now each of these two issues has to be confronted. How do we do that, is the real question. The first is how do we get the world to think long-term about this? We have to continue to build a very strong base of support and agitation for change, not just in the political world but in civic society as well. I think that is enormously important, the pressure on this has got to come on governments from people, not merely on governments from their own internal mechanisms. // We are committed to the Kyoto Protocol. We believe it is essential that we have that implemented. We in our country will abide by our Kyoto targets, but I just want to make one point to you. When I asked for an analysis to be done by David King and his colleagues of what the true
scale of the challenge was, we learned that even if we were to implement the Kyoto Protocol, it falls significantly short of what we will need over the next half century if we are to tackle this problem seriously and properly. //
So even, and this is a tall order in some ways at the moment, if we succeed in getting support for the Kyoto Protocol, we are still, even having done that, only in the position of having achieved a first step. It will be an important recognition, but it is only a first step and we need to be building a clearer understanding of the fact that even with Kyoto we are still a long way short of what we actually need to do. And we've got to build support in the political institutions of which we're a part in order to make sure that case is properly understood. //
I think we have to make sure that this occupies, as an issue, a central place in political decision-making beyond any election or parliamentary cycle. It's beyond the life of any government. It's beyond the life of any passing political phase. It has to be there, c entral in the politics of each country, built up not just from support within government, but from support within civic society over a period of time. //
The second point is about the conflict between the supposition that we need to grow continually and that we cannot grow unless we degrade our environment. That is the importance of a Climate Group that involves not just states and cities but also business so that there are practical, clear examples of how good environmental policy is also good business policy and is right for growth. If you look in the 12 years 1990 to 2002, we in Britain cut our emissions by about 15 percent whilst we were growing at 30 percent. It is possible to do. //
Showing that cities and states and businesses can do good environmental policy and actually reap an economic benefit is enormously important because that debate about some supposed trade- off between environmental protection and economic growth is still there. We may all, in this room, believe that that argument has been resolved long ago, but I can tell you there is a large part of business and many countries that still see that trade-off existing. //
(Excerpts from UK Prime Minister's speech on climate change delivered on April 27, 2004) Passage 4
That brings me to my final point, which is how do we help give the Climate Group the focus that it needs. I think one part of this is that you provide us with a lot of information, the detail, the examples, the living proof, of what good environmental policy can achieve. That is one important part. //
The second thing is, that we use, as our country, our position in every way we can to push this agenda at a senior level. I've already said that for Britain's chairmanship of the G8 next year, there should be two issues for us: one is Africa, the other is climate change. Now I think it is important that we take a clear case on climate change to the G8 next year. I'm not saying it will always be easy, but it's important that the case is made, and I think that will give a focus to the efforts that are being made by this group and by others, not just in this country, but elsewhere in the world. //
So I wanted to come and participate in the launch of The Climate Group for a very simple reason. When I first became Prime Minister, I obviously had a certain instinctive position about this issue and we as a political party coming into government had certain policies about it. But one of the first things I did, which is one of the advantages when you come into government, is that instead of having a small research group somewhere with people doing this as well as half a dozen other things, you can mobilise some of the best scientific minds and research that there is and I
said, look, give me the facts. The interesting thing that came back to me was that the facts and the research indicated that this problem was, if anything, greater than I had realised //
I don't think, as I said before, there is any bigger long-term question facing the global community. This group will be one part of a set of relationships and groups and a movement worldwide to make sure that we treat the issue with the seriousness that it deserves. One thing for sure is this, if you talk to any group of young people in our country or anywhere else today, they realise its importance. They want us to act upon it, they know sometimes it will involve difficult decisions, but the cost of not acting in this case is so overwhelmingly greater than any short-term cost of action, that we have to act and we have to act now. //
So I'm delighted to be with you all this morning and I wish you the very best of luck with The Climate Group, I think it's a very, very important initiative. I am delighted to see so many people from different parts of the world that are here today. This is an issue that will carry on dominating our agenda but hopefully with your help, it will dominate the agenda of the global community in the years to come. //
(Excerpts from UK Prime Minister's speech on climate change delivered on April 27, 2004) 汉译英
第一篇
到1999年春季，美国环境保护署和中国国家环境保护总局(SEPA)的官员签订了一个协议备忘录，建立了两国在排污权交易和酸雨控制方面的双边示范项目。

在签字仪式上召开的国际研讨会上，与会者通过介绍了解了美国环境保护协会与中国地方城市之间的合作项目，这也是到目前为止唯一的一项实地项目。

中国国家环境保护总局将美国环境保护协会的项目整理成正式文件，作为中国官方在这个双边项目中的贡献。

该文件对美国环保协会所做的工作做了正式的介绍。

//此外，中国国家环境保护总局指定美国环保协会和它的合作伙伴一起监督中美酸雨及排污权交易项目的案例研究。

美国环保协会于1999年12月首次组织召开了两国双边会议。

这些新的进展恰好给双方合作提供了高层信息传递的媒介以及所需要的官方关注。

//
美国环保协会还继续利用其丰富的经验以及与美国国内决策者之间的关系网来加强其能力和基础设施的建设。

美国环保协会最近在美国接待了该示范项目的主要参与者，安排他们与美国同行见面，并参加了今年10月在华盛顿召开的第二次双边会议。

// 美国环境保护协会相信，总量控制是中国环境政策的一大新进展。

它让人们明确地认识到，有效的政策之所以重要在于它是对总排放量进行控制而不只是对浓度进行限制。

美国是世界上唯一在该环境政策方面总结出大量可靠经验的国家。

//如果中国想在环境管理系统方面进行转型，即改变原来的以降低不断增加的环保负担为目标但并不能有效地保护人类健康和环境的管理系统，使其包括切实可行的、与持续的经济发展相适应的排放限量规定，那么将总量控制视为成功的发展途径就是至关重要的了。

//
(选自美国环境保护协会中国代表张建宇先生在博鳌亚洲论坛2002年年会上的发言“中国的排污权交易”)
第二篇
随着中国实现总量控制的目标所面临的挑战日益严峻，以部门为基础分配减排责任的可能性越来越大。

另外，根据最新修订的《空气清洁条例》，排放许可最终被赋予了法律地位，并在指定和执行减排义务中起指导性作用。

//根据这两项最新的政策进展，美国环保协会已经和国家环保总局的各个部门达成协议，并计划通过新近确定的示范项目对这两项政策进行协调。

//在国家环保总局最近公布的一个官方文件中，美国环保协会接受委托同国家环保总局结成了伙伴关系，在中国的四个省、三个大城市进一步拓展试点性的排污权贸易政策，以
便积攒经验，为实现十五计划中确定的将二氧化硫控制在一定标准内的宏伟目标做准备。

美国环保协会期望这些新的示范项目能够为跨界环境问题提供一种灵活而综合的解决办法。

// 美国环保协会和美国国家及各州的立法人士都保持着长期的良好关系。

我们希望这种经历和在环境政策发展及执行方面的经验能对建立具有中国特色的排污权交易有所帮助。

基于此，我想在最后对政协自身的工作提出几条建议。

//
首先，排污权交易要有正式的法律支持来解决在中国推广过程中所存在的任何不确定性。

第二，建立全国性的基础设施以推动总量控制方面的省际合作，这一点至关重要。

国家对总量控制配额的注册和跟踪机制就是基础设施建设的一个范例。

//第三，有必要考虑建立有效期为五年以上的配额制度。

对于多数公司来说，资本投资是一项大而长期的行为。

为了从这些投资决策中获得最大收益，履行环境义务应该有一个合理的期限。

最后，关键是要建立一套行之有效的遵守制度。

如果对违反规定的行为没有实质性的惩罚措施，排污权贸易机制就毫无作用。

//
(选自美国环境保护协会中国代表张建宇先生在博鳌亚洲论坛2002年年会上的发言“中国的排污权交易”)
第三篇
中国西藏自治区位于青藏高原的主体，地势高峻，地理特殊，野生动植物资源、水资源和矿产资源丰富，素有“世界屋脊”和“地球第三极”之称。

这里不仅是南亚、东南亚地区的“江河源”和“生态源”，还是中国乃至东半球气候的“启动器”和“调节区”。

// 西藏自治区面积122万平方公里，平均海拔在4000米以上，有着独特的自然生态和地理环境。

西藏的气候自东南向西北由暖热湿润向寒冷干旱呈递次过渡，自然生态由森林、灌丛、草甸、草原到荒漠呈带状更迭。

复杂多样的地形地貌和特殊的生态系统类型，为生物多样性营造了天然乐园。

//
中国政府高度重视西藏的生态建设与环境保护，为加强西藏的生态建设与环境保护，促进西藏经济、社会可持续发展，提高各族人民的生活质量，做出了巨大的努力。

//半个多世纪以来，西藏的生态建设与环境保护作为西藏现代化建设的一项重要内容，与经济发展、社会进步、人民生活的提高同步推进，取得了重大成就。

//回顾西藏生态建设与环境保护事业发展的历程，展示西藏生态建设与环境保护的现状，昭示西藏可持续发展的前景，有助于澄清人们对西藏生态环境问题的误解，增进对西藏的了解。

//
(节选自中国国务院新闻办于2003年3月发布的《西藏的生态建设与环境保护》白皮书) 第四篇
西藏森林面积717万公顷，活立木蓄积量达20.91亿立方米，保存有中国最大的原始森林。

为了保护西藏的生态环境，政府实行限额采伐，以严格控制森林的采伐规模，每年的商品性采伐量一直控制在15万立方米以内。

//同时，对采伐基地进行及时更新，恢复森林植被。

在影响长江下游生态的江达、贡觉、芒康三个县实施西藏长江上游天然林资源保护工程，总面积达3.1万平方公里。

//在风沙危害和水土流失严重的金沙江、澜沧江、怒江上游及雅鲁藏布江流域的28个县实施退耕还林工程，规划退耕地造林5．2万公顷，宜林荒山荒地造林5.3万公顷，//2002年已实施退耕地造林0.67万公顷，宜林荒山荒地造林0.67万公顷。

政府还大力推行能源替代建设，营造薪炭林，推广太阳能以保护天然灌木植被。

// 植树造林已成为西藏广大人民的自觉行动。

西藏自治区先后制定了《西藏自治区造林绿化规划》和《关于加快造林绿化步伐的意见》，全区人民共同努力，从改善人们的周边生活环境做起，从绿化庭院、街道、城市环境，到建设人类活动集中的河谷地带及各主要公路沿线绿色走廊，植树造林成效显著。

//据统计，五十多年来，西藏人工造林7万多公顷，“四旁”(村旁、宅旁、路旁、水旁)植树9000多万株，种植经济林木150多万株。

// 工程造林和生态工程项目不断实施。

拉萨及周边地区造林绿化工程、雅鲁藏布江防护林
体系建设工程、芒康长江防护林体系建设试点示范工程、日喀则林业治沙示范工程等重点项目的实施，在很大程度上改善了所在区域的自然生态环境。

//从1996年开始，国家开始在西藏实施长江上中游防护林体系建设工程，截止2000年，共投入资金370多万元，积极支持西藏地方因地制宜地开展人工造林、封山育林，累计造林面积达1.3万多公顷，为改善当地群众生产生活条件发挥了良好的作用。

//隶属“一江两河”农业开发重点项目的雅鲁藏布江防护林体系建设工程实施后，形成了从上游的日喀则到泽当几百公里的人工林带，成为西藏一道新的亮丽景观，对雅鲁藏布江的水土保持起到了积极的作用。

//
通过对西藏天然林资源的有效保护和植树造林，西藏的森林覆盖率不断增加，从二十世纪五十年代的不足1%，上升到目前的5.93%，对生态环境改善起到了积极作用。

//据有关部门监测，由于人工植被增加，西藏的风沙天气明显减少，如：目前拉萨比三十年前减少了32天；日喀则比三十年前减少了34天；泽当比三十年前减少了32天。

//
(节选自中国国务院新闻办于2003年3月发布的《西藏的生态建设与环境保护》白皮书)
第七单元环境保护
口译练习
【英译汉】
Passage 1
对我来说，最关心和最迫切的问题不是美国能否批准《京都议定书》，而是其他参与国是否会朝这个目标努力。

在接下来的几个月里，谈判各方将会决定是按照自己的条款制定没有美国参加的协议，还是选择在意识形态上做出一些让步，制定一份实际上更加有效、并有关国参加的协议。

//
我相信欧盟和其他国家出于几方面的考虑，会最终认识到制定一份能获得美国支持的协议是最符合环境利益和他们自身利益的。

美国的工业排放量约占全球工业排放总量的25%。

任何没有美国参加的协议都不会对控制全球变暖起到作用。

此外，欧洲企业会问为什么要求他们承担新的有关气候变化的义务，而美国的竞争者却用不着遵守类似的规定。

// 我在这儿不妨指出另外两个相关的因素：首先，有关排放权交易的观点日益受到欧洲大陆各国的欢迎，在伦敦和布鲁塞尔也是如此。

第二，经济学家警告说，除众所周知的英国之外，没有几个国家在努力兑现他们的京都承诺。

上述这些因素会促使参与第六次缔约方大会的政府制定出明智、可行并能得到美国支持的协议，对此我充满希望。

//
我想再谈谈发展中国家参与的问题，因为在这个领域里，大家对美国经常产生误解。

不容否认的事实是气候变化是一个全球问题，需要在全球范围内加以解决。

毫无疑问，北半球的工业化对温室气体量的增多负有很大责任。

包括美国在内的发达国家应该立即采取措施。

//
不过，发达国家孤军奋战并不能抑制全球温室气体的增多。

从科学角度来看，主要发展中国家的真正参与是必要的。

几个最大的发展中国家很快就会成为世界上最大的排放国。

发展中国家化石燃料排放量已经占到全球排放量的44%。

不仅如此，发展中国家还要对过度砍伐森林和其他引起碳浓度增加的土地使用行为负有责任。

//尽管现在已经拥有了发达国家在工业化时还没有发明的清洁技术，一些发展中国家的人均能源消耗强度仍在持续快速增长。

不远的将来，80%的新建发电项目会出现在发展中国家。

我们所有人都希望这些项目将采用最新的尖端技术。

//
我提到这些事实并不是想争辩过去或将来的责任问题，因为那样做会偏离我们抑制全球变暖的共同事业，我只是在强调所有国家共同参与解决这一问题是十分必要的。

// 从真正意义上讲，最能让发展中国家从中获益的是一个全体工业化国家都参与的有效议
定书。

因为遗憾的是发展中国家适应气候变化的能力最弱。

我们等待的时间越长，就越难将温室气体排放量稳定在能够接受的水平上，那么这些国家所受到的冲击也就会越大。

// 1992年的联合国《气候变化框架公约》为我们指明了方向：每个国家都应当在国内和国际方面采取与其能力相称的措施，并在“共同但有区别的义务”原则基础上为寻求全球解决方案贡献力量。

//
很多发展中国家已经单方面采取了重要的行动。

譬如中国就在节约能源、减少废气排放的同时，大幅度提高了人民的生活水平。

如果没有价格改革和能源的有效利用，中国的废气排放量会比现在多50%。

//
此外，我们认识到有些发展中国家可能在目前还没有能力承担并执行具有法律约束力的排放目标。

对这些国家来讲，采取其他措施可能在目前更为合适。

所有发展中国家都应当在“清洁发展机制”下探索机会，制定行之有效的能源和土地利用政策，并根据《框架公约》采取其他环境友好型措施。

//
《框架公约》和《京都议定书》的谈判历程表明了这样一种广泛的共识，即我们需要在实现经济持续增长的同时减缓气候变化。

美国相信这一准则仍旧是促使发展中国家采取行动的关键。

发展中国家正在《京都议定书》中找到同时获得发展和实现环境目标的途径。

人们正日益认识到“清洁发展机制”在引入先进技术与大规模资金流向发展中国家的过程中所具有的潜力。

//
(节选自“美国副国务卿谈《京都议定书》”，前美国国务院负责全球事务的副国务卿弗兰克·洛伊在美国律师协会年会上的讲话)
Passage 2
由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回，登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。

他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响：冰川迅速融化，化成的水流入山地湖泊中，导致湖水不久将涨满溢出，致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷，从而对人类生命构成威胁。

//队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响，认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性，同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉重的负担，而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。

//
一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来，对目前的环境状况进行反思。

今年的世界环境日更是如此；面对我们登山队员的调查结果，在这个国际山岳年里，我谨此敦促各位“给我们的地球一线生机”。

我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影响，并采取行动，改进我们的环境行为。

//
尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感，但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。

我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。

//
山是我们的水塔，也是能源生成的主要之地。

山养育着依靠它生存的人们。

山岳生态系统与低洼地区的生物密切相关，同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。

山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化，是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。

//
可持续发展势在必行。

我们必需将环境的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来，特别是在山区，这必须成为我们的共同目标。

若不能实现可持续发展，便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。

仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。

//我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。

为此，我们需要在当地创造就业机会，从而使年青一代有希望能留下来，而不是涌入大城市。

山岳实际上是个宝库，储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。

这一点已得到里约地球首脑会议的认可。

// 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力，但旅游业必须得到良好的管理，以最大限度地减少旅游。