肺癌研究报告Lung cancer英文
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周围型肺癌 CT片
周围型肺癌胸片
Staging
? T = tumor size ? N = node involvement ? M = metastasis status
Click here for image enlargement.
胸内淋巴结分布
Treatment
? As is true of many cancers, the treatment of lung cancer depends upon a variety of factors. The most important factors are the pathologic type of tumor and its stage. Once a lung cancer has been staged, the physician and patient can discuss treatment options.
? Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
(SCLC)
? Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) accounts for approximately 20% of all primary lung cancers
? Environmental Risk Factors ? Alcohol
? Diet and Body Mass
? Non-modifiable Risk Factors Age \Race \Sex
Types
? squamous cell carcinoma,squamous epithelium of the lungs or bronchi
? Recently, surgeons have developed other less invasive procedures for the removal of tumorous tissue. For example, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), uses a video camera to help visualize and operate upon the lung within the chest cavity.
? 2.Bronchoscopy, a visual examination of lung
branches using a flexible scope performed by a pulmonologist
? 3.X-ray
X-RAY
? Chest radiograph (X-ray) to see whether there are enlarged lymph nodes in the chest or a localized mass in the lungs.
Lung cancer
Main pointer
? Clinical manifestation ? Diagnosis procedure ? Differential diagnosis
? Malignant tumors are cancer. They can invade and damage nearby healthy tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also break away from the tumor and enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. That is how cancer spreads and forms tumors in other parts of the body. The spread of cancer is called metastasis.
? adenocarcinoma, cancer of the glandular tissue
? large cell carcinoma, cancer composed of large-sized cells
? broncho-alveolar carcinoma
Carcinoma (NSCLC)
? An individual then has a better idea of the value of different forms of therapy. Other factors that are taken into account include the person's general health, medical problems that may affect treatment (such as chemotherapy), and tumor characteristics.
? CT scan, a computer-assisted technique that produces cross-sectional images of the body.
? Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
正常胸片
Fra Baidu bibliotek
右肺下叶背段癌
肺癌胸片
右肺下叶周围型肺癌 楔型切除术（ 1）
? The trachea splits into right and left main stem bronchi. The main stem bronchi are the major air passages from the trachea to the lungs and are similar to the trachea in tissue composition. The main stem bronchi enter each lung and progressively branch off into paired subdivisions throughout the entire organ (the 'tracheobronchial tree').
? Surgical resection, or cutting away, of the tumor generally is indicated for disease that has not spread beyond the lung. Such resection may be conducted using a variety of techniques.
Other symptoms that are
associated
with lung
cancer include:
? Weakness
? Chills ? Swallowing difficulties
? Speech difficulties or changes (e.g., hoarseness)
Causes
? It is estimated that tobacco smoking causes 80% of lung cancer deaths in men and 75% of lung cancer deaths in women. The more cigarettes that are smoked each day and the younger the age at which smoking began, the greater the risk of lung cancer .
? Definition : Bronchogenic carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of the lung arising from the epithelium of the bronchus.
?
? Lung Cancer Facts & Figures
? Cough ? Shortness of breath ? Wheezing ? Chest pain ? Hemoptysis (bloody, coughed-up sputum) ? Loss of appetite ? Weight loss ? Pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs)
Symptoms
? People often decide to visit the doctor only after they have been bothered by certain complaints over a period of time. Individuals who have lung cancer frequently experience symptoms such as:
Lung cancer is especially common among men in North America, Europe, and Oceania. At the moment, lung cancer rates are higher than ever before among the people of central and Eastern Europe. In Japan, lung cancer has increased tenfold in men and eightfold in women since 1950. In addition, Chinese women, many of whom are nonsmokers, have very high lung cancer rates. This phenomenon has been associated with exposure to cooking oil vapors and other forms of air pollution in the indoor environments of China.
? Competing risk factors such as secondhand smoke, asbestos, radon, occupational exposures, age, race, sex, and heredity also may play a role in lung cancer development (see Lung Cancer Risk Factors). Additionally, there are some studies suggesting that lung cancer may be prevented by dietary micronutrients such as carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium.
? Finger/nail abnormalities (e.g., clubbing, or overgrowth of the fingertip tissue)
? Skin paleness or bluish discoloration
Diagnosis
? 1.If sputum analysis does not provide a definite diagnosis, more tests will be needed.
? The histologic distinction between nonsmall cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer is extremely important. There are substantial differences between the two groups in both treatment and prognosis.
周围型肺癌胸片
Staging
? T = tumor size ? N = node involvement ? M = metastasis status
Click here for image enlargement.
胸内淋巴结分布
Treatment
? As is true of many cancers, the treatment of lung cancer depends upon a variety of factors. The most important factors are the pathologic type of tumor and its stage. Once a lung cancer has been staged, the physician and patient can discuss treatment options.
? Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
(SCLC)
? Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) accounts for approximately 20% of all primary lung cancers
? Environmental Risk Factors ? Alcohol
? Diet and Body Mass
? Non-modifiable Risk Factors Age \Race \Sex
Types
? squamous cell carcinoma,squamous epithelium of the lungs or bronchi
? Recently, surgeons have developed other less invasive procedures for the removal of tumorous tissue. For example, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), uses a video camera to help visualize and operate upon the lung within the chest cavity.
? 2.Bronchoscopy, a visual examination of lung
branches using a flexible scope performed by a pulmonologist
? 3.X-ray
X-RAY
? Chest radiograph (X-ray) to see whether there are enlarged lymph nodes in the chest or a localized mass in the lungs.
Lung cancer
Main pointer
? Clinical manifestation ? Diagnosis procedure ? Differential diagnosis
? Malignant tumors are cancer. They can invade and damage nearby healthy tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also break away from the tumor and enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. That is how cancer spreads and forms tumors in other parts of the body. The spread of cancer is called metastasis.
? adenocarcinoma, cancer of the glandular tissue
? large cell carcinoma, cancer composed of large-sized cells
? broncho-alveolar carcinoma
Carcinoma (NSCLC)
? An individual then has a better idea of the value of different forms of therapy. Other factors that are taken into account include the person's general health, medical problems that may affect treatment (such as chemotherapy), and tumor characteristics.
? CT scan, a computer-assisted technique that produces cross-sectional images of the body.
? Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
正常胸片
Fra Baidu bibliotek
右肺下叶背段癌
肺癌胸片
右肺下叶周围型肺癌 楔型切除术（ 1）
? The trachea splits into right and left main stem bronchi. The main stem bronchi are the major air passages from the trachea to the lungs and are similar to the trachea in tissue composition. The main stem bronchi enter each lung and progressively branch off into paired subdivisions throughout the entire organ (the 'tracheobronchial tree').
? Surgical resection, or cutting away, of the tumor generally is indicated for disease that has not spread beyond the lung. Such resection may be conducted using a variety of techniques.
Other symptoms that are
associated
with lung
cancer include:
? Weakness
? Chills ? Swallowing difficulties
? Speech difficulties or changes (e.g., hoarseness)
Causes
? It is estimated that tobacco smoking causes 80% of lung cancer deaths in men and 75% of lung cancer deaths in women. The more cigarettes that are smoked each day and the younger the age at which smoking began, the greater the risk of lung cancer .
? Definition : Bronchogenic carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of the lung arising from the epithelium of the bronchus.
?
? Lung Cancer Facts & Figures
? Cough ? Shortness of breath ? Wheezing ? Chest pain ? Hemoptysis (bloody, coughed-up sputum) ? Loss of appetite ? Weight loss ? Pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs)
Symptoms
? People often decide to visit the doctor only after they have been bothered by certain complaints over a period of time. Individuals who have lung cancer frequently experience symptoms such as:
Lung cancer is especially common among men in North America, Europe, and Oceania. At the moment, lung cancer rates are higher than ever before among the people of central and Eastern Europe. In Japan, lung cancer has increased tenfold in men and eightfold in women since 1950. In addition, Chinese women, many of whom are nonsmokers, have very high lung cancer rates. This phenomenon has been associated with exposure to cooking oil vapors and other forms of air pollution in the indoor environments of China.
? Competing risk factors such as secondhand smoke, asbestos, radon, occupational exposures, age, race, sex, and heredity also may play a role in lung cancer development (see Lung Cancer Risk Factors). Additionally, there are some studies suggesting that lung cancer may be prevented by dietary micronutrients such as carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium.
? Finger/nail abnormalities (e.g., clubbing, or overgrowth of the fingertip tissue)
? Skin paleness or bluish discoloration
Diagnosis
? 1.If sputum analysis does not provide a definite diagnosis, more tests will be needed.
? The histologic distinction between nonsmall cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer is extremely important. There are substantial differences between the two groups in both treatment and prognosis.