话题08 热点话题-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语满分作文解析及写作素材积累-

热点话题和社会主要涉及与人的生活及社会发展方面的潮流趋势以及影响巨大的突发事件。

潮流趋势往往是社会发展的必然，然而在其发展过程中必然会引起一些争论，所以此类话题一般会要求考生：①从现象入手，②分析其成因，③优点与不足④自己的观点或提出建议。

考生在写此类文章时，应该对文章有很强的整体把握能力和分析问题解决问题的能力，同时合理调动和利用在生活中所积累的有关知识提出有建设性的意见。

作文包含四个部分：现象－成因－优缺点－观点。

各个环节之间要注意逻辑，衔接和应用恰当的过渡句。

、
命题者可能从以下角度出题：
1. Traffic and Protecting Environment(交通与环保)；
2. The Popular Science Knowledge and Science Technology(科普知识与科学技术)；
3. Reduce Pressure(减压)；
4. Shopping(购物)
人们的生活节奏越来越快，网上购物已经成为了大众生活中不可缺少的一部分；
5. Travelling(旅游)
现代人的生活压力都很大，所以人们喜欢通过旅游来缓解压力；
6. Network(网络)
现在很多，让学生正反两个方面谈论一下在业余时间该不该上网，并说出原因；
7. Safety awareness（安全意识）
为了进一步增强中学生的安全意识，提高自我保护能力；
8. Save Food and Eat Healthily(节约食物与健康饮食 )
目前，我国政府号召全民“拒绝浪费，文明用餐”；
9. Nature(自然)
在我们身边，经常有自然灾害发生。

一、话题常用单词
1. brand品牌
2. economy经济
3. democracy民主
4. hurricane飓风
5. earthquake地震
6. flood洪水
7. typhoon台风
8. volcano火山
9. afford 负担得起
10. subprime crisis次贷危机
11. apply申请
12. fashion时尚
13. in debt欠债
14. cash wireless无线
15. household appliance家用电器
16. surf the Internet上网
17. achievements of China中国的成就
18. natural disaster自然灾害
19. flu (influenza)流感
20. financial crisis经济危机
21. credit card信用卡
22. Beijing Olympics北京奥运会
23. IT (information technology )信息科技
24. pollution污染
25. global warming全球变暖
26. Korean wave/trend韩流
27. private cars私家车
28. TV shopping电视购物
29. influence影响
30. the reform and opening-up policy改革开放政策
二、话题常用短语
1.express service快递服务
2. online payment网络支付
3. scientific invention科学发明
4. double-edged sword双刃剑
5. energy crisis能源危机
6. unprecedented前所未有的
7. aggravate使恶化
8. technical innovation科技创新
9. antithetical与…背道而驰的
10. exhaust gas废气
11. potential hazards潜在危险
12. scientific exploration科学探索
13. milestone里程碑
14. speedy and comfortable快捷舒适
15.convenient and efficient方便快捷
16. promote relative industries促进相关产业发展
17. a sense of national pride民族自豪感
18. pose a threat to…对… 有威胁
19. collect / impose / levy tax 增税
20. means of transportation交通手段
21. environment-friendly resources 环保资源
22.green energy环保能源
23. human civilization人类文明
24.mainstream culture主流文化
25. local customs and practices风土人情
26. carry forward 继承，发扬…
27. artistic reflection艺术反映
28. artistic standards艺术水准
29. cultural diversity文化多元化
30. place of interest名胜
31. spiritual civilization精神文明
32. national identity and value民族特性和价值观
33. be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系
34. cross-cultural communication跨文化交流
35. achievements of art艺术成就
36. preserve the cultural relics保护文化遗产
37.settle down effective laws制定出积极有效的法律
38. impose restrictions on …对…实施限制
39. popularization of cars汽车普及
40. observe (break) traffic regulations遵守 (违反) 交通规则
41. get stuck in traffic遇上堵车（get stuck in a traffic jam）
42. rush hour上下班高峰时段
43. ease the traffic pressure缓解交通压力
44. pedestrian行人
45. pavement人行道
46. zebra crossing斑马线
47. overspeed超速行驶
48. speed limits限速
49. make full use of …充分利用
50. road networks公路网
51. bottleneck瓶颈
52. automobile industry汽车工业
53. pollution-free fuel无污染燃料
54. pay a heavy price付出惨痛的代价
55. settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律
56. enhance the quality of life提高生活质量
57. make rapid progress取得快速的进步
58. see dramatic breakthroughs取得突破性进展
59. give a great push to the economic growth促进经济发展
60. earth-shaking changes翻天覆地的改变
61. pave the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路
62. lay a solid foundation for…为……打下坚实的基础
63. depletion of resources能源消耗
64. boost / promote the economic development极大地推动了经济发展
65. make people’s life easi er (more convenient) 使人们生活更便捷
三、参考语句话题常用句型
1. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

2 An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. 越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。

3.However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and drug.然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和吸毒。

4. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

5. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

6. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

7. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查，每年有4 000 000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

8. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.任何政府忽视这一点都将付出
巨大的代价。

9. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

10. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

11. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活得时间更长成为可能。

12. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

13. This is a matter of life and death—a matter no country can afford to ignore.这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。

14. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.这一观点正受到越来越多的人的质疑。

15. Environmental experts point out that the increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

16. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，它仍然存在一些问题。

17. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

18. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. 现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。

19.Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.许多专家指出这是现代社会发展的必然结果，无法避免。

20. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

【典例01】
（2018年·北京卷）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。

注意：词数不少于60。

(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【思路点拨】
本文为图片介绍类作文，这类作文是根据给出的一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息写短文。

此类题的体裁较广泛，可以是记叙文、说明文，也可以是议论文。

按照本文的要求可知，是写一篇记叙文。

1. 认真读图，把握中心。

根据提示可知，内容是带领外国学生体验中国茶文化的全过程，介绍了茶具，泡茶，沏茶，品茶的过程，所以这是这组图画所要表达的中心。

2. 初步构思，考虑用词、短语、句型和时态。

在把握了文章的中心后，应在内心构思一个基本的框架，并考虑使用恰当的词语、短语和句型，以充分地表达文章的内容。

本文是讲述上周发生的事情，故时态要以过去时为主，人称是第一人称，尽可能地充分利用所学的短语或句型来表述具体的内容。

这是体现自身能力的重要一环。

3. 连词成句，然后再连句成文。

运用适当的单词或短语正确表达各图的意思。

然后再将各图的单个句子串连起来。

串连时，要注意使用适当的连接词语或过渡性语句，不至于让读者觉得文章中出现跳跃现象，更使上下文更为紧凑、自然。

4. 反复审核，修改错误。

一篇文章写好后，应进行检查，看短文中是否有错，如拼写、用词、时态、语态及表达方面的错误。

5. 宜详则详，该略则略。

对于一些细节方面的内容，如果是文章必不可少的，在写作过程中是不可将其忽略的。

如果是可有可无的细节，则可视具体情况进行增删。

据此，我们在读图时一定要注意阅读各图中的一些细节内容，看其是否影响文章的内容。

【满分范文】
Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.
In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.
At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.
【典例02】
（2018年·江苏卷）请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。

【写作内容】
1. 用约30个词概括上述利用排名（ratings）进行消费的现象；
2. 谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。

【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。

【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【思路点拨】
今年作文仍然是读写作文，即先用30词概括阅读材料，然后针对材料中的话题写一篇议论文谈看法。

首先要认真阅读两段有关消费排名现象及观点的纯文字材料，然后进行比较和分析，表明态度，作出价值判断。

文章首段要简要介绍两段材料，第一段材料为一对母子买旅行箱看了网上的评论，结果买回来的旅行箱质量很好。

第二段材料为一帮人去餐馆吃饭，看了on-line rating，结果饭菜很不好吃，从而凸显出online rating的不靠谱。

然后写你对online rating的看法，表明观点，注意用2-3个论据来支撑自己的看法。

文章属于议论文，要注意主题句的使用，论点之间要注意有条理。

文章可主要采用一般现在时，第三
人称来写。

【满分范文】
Possible version one:
As a major channel of consumption information, the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption. Interestingly, the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.
There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related. It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.
Possible version two:
Nowadays, most commodities or services are rated through certain channels. These ratings, easy to access, are playing an increasingly important role in customers' purchase decision. However, results are sometimes unsatisfactory.
There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers, but they are often misleading and unreliable. As we all know, most of the ratings are based on others’ judgment on the product or service concerned. Every judgment comes from a specific need or a unique psychological state. Apparently, blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment. Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers. It has become a common practice for some to pay
for good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales.
Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.
【典例03】
假如你是一名大学生叫李华，请就大学就业问题，从大学毕业生的心态、就业形势以及就业前景几个方面，针对近年来大学毕业生就业情况给报社写一封120字左右的信件谈谈你的看法。

要点如下：
1. 学生心态向往城市，不愿下乡；
2. 就业现状城市人才过剩；农村渴求人才；
3. 就业前景农村天地广阔，可施展才华。

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作指导】
本篇书面表达属于书信类短文，写作时要仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确三个要点：1. 学生心态向往城市，不愿下乡；2. 就业现状城市人才过剩；农村渴求人才；3. 就业前景农村天地广阔，可施展才华。

另外提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析、构思和想象。

要依据提示情景或词语，按照一定逻辑关系来写。

本文写作时可以按照要点所给的顺序写。

根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时，人称使用第一人称。

注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。

还要适当使用关联词使文章更加连贯。

【范文赏析】
Dear editor,
I am writing to you to talk about taking up occupations for college graduates.
Nowadays many graduates are looking forward to obtaining employment in big cities, unwilling to work in the countryside. So it is difficult for them to find proper jobs.
Therefore, as college students we should have the right attitude towards ourselves and the job. I believe we can have as bright a future in the countryside as we have in the city.
Yours，
Li Hua
（1）
前不久，中央电视台报道了贵州十岁男孩独自照顾重病妈妈的故事，引起社会极大反响。

假如你是某校高三学生李华，请根据以下要点用英语向某英语报社写一封信。

1、呼吁社会爱心捐助；
2、学会感恩；
3、结合实际谈谈你的看法。

注意：
1、信的开头和结尾已给出，不记入总词数；
2、可根据内容要点适当发挥；词数120个左右。

Dear editor ,
I’m a student of Senior Three. Not long ago, from CCTV, I learned that a ten-year-old boy in Guizhou was taking care of his seriously sick mother in hospital alone, by which I was deeply moved ….
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely ,
Li Hua
China is a great country and Chinese people think highly of traditional virtues. It is what the child did for his mother that sets us students a good example. First, something should be done for the little boy and his family. We appeal to the whole society to donate money or do something else to help them out of the difficulty. Second, our schools should help to develop the spirit of being grateful to the society, teachers as well as parents. Last but not least, our government should continue, To improve the medical insurance system, especially to support those who are badly in need of medical care.
As students, not only should we work hard at our lessons, but we should be helpful, bear gratitude in mind and overcome difficulties bravely and wisely.
Yours sincerely ,
Li Hua 【写作指导】
本文是书信类作文，要求就贵州十岁男孩独自照顾重病妈妈的故事用英语向某英语报社写一封信。

文章的要点也基本上都给出来了，但不是很具体，考生要把要点包括进去，不能有遗漏。

而且要发挥自己的想象，充实内容，在写作的过程中，要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型，如强调句，倒装句等，让文章更上档次。

同时在列举措施的时候要使用合适的连接词如：First，second， Bes ides, What’s more等，让文章看起来很有条理，也很流畅。

本篇文章在写作时不要啰嗦，力求简洁。

【亮点说明】所给范文语言简洁，应用了一些较好的词组和句子： think highly of 高度评价，in need of 需要，bear sth. in mind记住， It is what the child did for his mother that sets us students a good example. 这句话用了主语从句和强调句， appeal to sb. to do sth呼吁某人做..，as well as 不但…而且， To improve the medical insurance system, especially to support those who are badly in need of medical care.这句话用了定语从句， not only should we work hard at our lessons, but we should be helpful, bear gratitude in mind and overcome difficulties bravely and wisely.这句话用了倒装句，还有文章使用了 First, Second, Last but not least这样的关联词使文章更连贯。

（2）
近来我国多地雾霾天气不断增多，极大地影响了人们的健康与生活。

请你根据提示，用英语写一篇文章，向某英语报社投稿。

提示：1. 实况描述
2. 对生活造成的影响
3. 分析雾霾形成的原因
4. 提出治理污染的建议。

注意：1. 上下文连贯，行文流畅。

2. 词数100-120 (首句已给出，并不计入词数)。

雾霾天气the hazy weather 口罩 mask
Dear Editor,
Recently many places in China were blanketed with thick fog.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours,
Li Hua
（3）
随着时代的发展，人们的阅读方式也在逐渐改变，越来越多的人喜欢使用手机或互联网来进行日常阅读。

请根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文发到你的博客上。

电子阅读: E­reading
注意：词数不少于120个。

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
if you like. Also，you can scan a lot of information on the Internet. More importantly，it can save paper，thus protecting our forest resources.
Despite the advantages of e­reading，there are also some disadvantages. Firstly，e­reading does not help to develop good reading habits. Because there is so much information，it is hard to do deep reading. Secondly，the radiation of electronic devices will do harm to our health. Thirdly，if you stare at screens for a long time，your eyesight will be damaged.
In my view，everything has its advantages and disadvantages. Whether these advantages outweigh the disadvantages depends on what you want to achieve.
【写作指导】
这是提纲类写作，考生要先审清题目要求，本文的话题是电子阅读的优缺点，文章的要点也基本上都给出来了，内容有：1. 电子阅读方式的优点; 2. 电子阅读方式的缺点3. 你的看法…，要点还是比较详细的，但考生要适当增加细节，特别是阐述自己的观点的时候，要结合自己的生活进行阐述。

明确作文的基本内容后，就是选用准确的词汇和恰当的句子来表达。

在写作的过程中，要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型，让文章更有文采。

同时在列举措施的时候要使用合适的连接词如：Besides, What’s mor e等，让文章看起来很有条理，也很流畅。

【亮点说明】范文要点明确，语言精炼，好的短语居多：at any time在任何时候，do harm to对…造成伤害， In my view在我看来，句式上长短句结合，运用比较好的句子有：Also，you can scan a lot of information on the Internet. More importantly，it can save paper，thus protecting our forest resources.这句话用了现在分词做结果状语， it is hard to do deep reading.这句话用了it做形式主语， Whether these advantages outweigh the disadvantages depends on what you want to achieve.这句话用了主语从句和宾语从句。

还有范文还使用了Firstly，Secondly，Thirdly，这样的词使文章更加连贯。

（4）
随着生活水平的不断提高与医疗技术的不断进步，中国人口老龄化问题日益凸显。

根据下表提示，请以“How to solve the problem of supporting the aged”为题，谈谈自己对解决人口老龄化问题的看法。

家人：照顾老人，多看望老人，理解老人；
社区：组织有利于老人身心健康的活动；
政府：建立完善的养老体系，投资兴建敬老院。

注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 参考词汇：体系 system 敬老院old folks’ home
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】
How to solve the problem of supporting the aged?
As a result of the improvement in living standard and medical care, China is becoming an aging society.
Luckily, more attention has been paid to the problem. Getting old won’t be such a depressing thing after all.
【写作指导】
这是提纲类写作，话题是人口老龄化问题，文章的要点是以提纲的形式给出来的，不是很具体，内容有：1，家人：照顾老人，多看望老人，理解老人；2.社区：组织有利于老人身心健康的活动；3.政府：建立完善的养老体系，投资兴建敬老院。

考生需要做的就是以提纲为中心，适当增加细节，考生要自己去发挥，使内容充实难度，这也增加了作文的难度，要求学生有很高的拓展能力，在确定写作内容后，考生要考虑的是选择合适的词汇和句型表达文章需要的意思，可以变换使用一些容易驾驭的句子或者词汇实现同样的目的。

要使用合适的连接词来连接各要点，使文章成为一个整体。

【亮点说明】这篇文章涵盖了要点，简洁又不乏好的短语和句型： As a result of因为，由于，care for 关心， after all To solve the problem, in my opinion, all the people should do their duties.这句话使用了不定式做目的状语和插入语， If possible, it is better so spend more time staying with them. 这句话用了省略句，The community should organize more activities, designed to the improvement in their physical and psychological health.这句话使用了过去分词做后置定语，More old folk’s。