新闻英语常用的缩略词

以下是新闻英语常用的缩略词（acronym ）：
1. 1. ABM=anti-ballistic missile （反彈道導彈）（反弹道导弹）
2. 2. AIDS=acquired immune deficiency syndrome （愛滋病）（後天免疫力缺乏症）（爱滋病）（后天免疫力缺乏症）
3. 3.ASEAN=Association of South Asian Nations （東南亞國家聯盟）（東盟）ASEAN=Association of South Asian Nations （东南亚国家联盟）（东盟）
4. 4. CBRC= China Banking Regulatory Commission （中國銀行業監督管理委員會）（中國銀監會）（中国银行业监督管理委员会）（中国银监会）
5. 5. CEPA= Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement （關於建立更緊密經貿關係的安排）（关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排）
6. 6. CIA=Central Intelligence Agency （中英情報局）（中英情报局）
7. 7. CIS=Commonwealth of Independent States （獨立國家聯合體）（獨聯體）（独立国家联合体）（独联体）
8. 8. CISR= China Insurance Regulatory Commission （中國保險監督管理委員會）（中國保監會）（中国保险监督管理委员会）（中国保监会）
9. 9. CNPC=China National Petroleum Corporation （中國石油天然氣集團公司；中石油）（中国石油天然气集团公司；中石油）
10. 10. CPC=Communist Party of China （中國共產黨）（中国共产党）
11. 11. CPPCC=Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference （全國人民政治協商會議）（全国人民政治协商会议）
12. 12.CSRC=China Securities Regulatory Commission （中國證券監督管理委員會）（中國證監會）（中国证券监督管理委员会）（中国证监会）
13. 13. DJI=Dow-Jones Index （道瓊斯指數）（道琼斯指数）
14. 14. EST=Eastern Standard Time （美國東岸時間）（美國東部標準時間）（美国东岸时间）（美国东部标准时间）
15. 15. FAO=Food and Agriculture Organization （糧食農業組織）（糧農組織）（粮食农业组织）（粮农组织）
16. 16.FBI=Federal Bureau of Investigation （聯邦調查局）（联邦调查局）
17. 17. GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade （美稅及貿易總協定）（美税及贸易总协定）
18. 18. GMT=Greenwich Mean Time （格林威治標準時間）（格林威治标准时间）
19. 19. HKEx ＝Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Ltd . （香港交易及結算所有限公司；港交所）（香港交易及结算所有限公司；港交所）
20. 20. HKSC=Stock Exchange of Hong Kong/Hong Kong Stock Exchange （香港聯合交易所）（聯交所）（香港联合交易所）（联交所）
21. 21. ICBM=Intercontinental Ballistic Missile （洲際彈道導彈）（洲际弹道导弹）
22. 22. ICJ=International Court of Justice （國際法庭）（国际法庭）
23. 23. ILO=International Labor Organization （國際勞工組織）（国际劳工组织）
24. 24. IMF=International Monetary Fund （國際貨幣基金）（国际货币基金）
25. 25. IMF=International Monetary Fund （國際貨幣基金組織）
26. 26. IOC=International Olympic Committee （國際奧林匹克委員會）（國際奧委會）（国际奥
林匹克委员会）（国际奥委会）
27. 27. IRO=International Refugee Organization （國際難民組織）（国际难民组织）
28. 28. MP=member of parliament （國會議員）（国会议员）
29. 29. NASA=National Aeronautics and Space Administration （美國太空總署）（美國國家宇航局）（美国太空总署）（美国国家宇航局）
30. 30. NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization （北大西洋公組織織）（北大西洋公组织织）
31. 31. NPC=National People's Congress （全國人民代表大會）（全國人大）（全国人民代表大会）（全国人大）
32. 32. OAU=Organization of African Unity （非洲統一組織）（非洲统一组织）
33. 33. OPEC=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries （石油輸出國組織）（歐佩克）（石油输出国组织）（欧佩克）
34. 34. PC=personal computer （個人電腦）（个人电脑）
35. 35. PLA ＝People's Liberation Army （人民解放軍）（人民解放军）
36. 36. PLO=Palestine Liberation Organization （巴勒斯坦解放組織）（巴解組織）（巴勒斯坦解放组织）（巴解组织）
37. 37. PM=prime minister （首相）（首相）
38. 38. PR=public relations （公共關係）（公共关系）
39. 39. RP=Republic of the Philippines （菲律賓共和國）（菲律宾共和国）
40. 40. SALT=strategic arms limitation talks （限制戰略武器會談）（限制战略武器会谈）
41. 41. SDI=strategic defence initiative （戰略防御措施）（战略防御措施）
42. 42. SEHK = Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Ltd （香港交易及結算所有限公司；港交所）SEHK = Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Ltd （香港交易及结算所有限公司；港交所）
43. 43. SFC=Securities and Futures Commission （證券及期貨事務監察委員會）（證監會）（证券及期货事务监察委员会）（证监会）
44. 44. SFO=Securities and Futures Ordinance （（香港）證券及期貨條例）（香港）证券及期货条例）
45. 45. SNP ＝China Petroleum & Chemical Co. （中國石油化工股份有限公司；中石化）（中石化股份有限公司；中石化）
46. 46. TP=traffic policeman （交通警察）（交通警察）
47. 47. UFO=unidentified flying object （不明飛行物體）（不明飞行物体）
48. 48. UNESCO=United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization （聯合國教育科學文化組織）（聯合國教科文組織）（联合国教育科学文化组织）（联合国教科文组织）
49. 49. UNGA=United States General Assembly （聯合國大會）（联合国大会）
50. 50. UNICEF=United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund （聯合國兒童基金會）（联合国儿童基金会）
51. 51. UNSC=United Nations Security Council （聯合國安全理事會）（联合国安全理事会）
52. 52. UNTC=United Nations Trusteeship Council （聯合國託管委員會）（联合国托管委员会）
53. 53. VIP=very important person （重要人物）（重要人物）
54. 54. WHO=World Health Organization （世界衛生組織）（世界卫生组织）
55. 55. WHO=World Health Organization （國際衛生組織）（国际卫生组织）
56. 56. WTO=World Trade Organization （世界貿易組織）（世界贸易组织）
AQ英文Adversity Quotient的缩写，逆境商数，指一个人处理逆境的能力。

BSS英文Base Station System的缩写，即基站系统，指移动通信中的空中接口部分。

CARM英文Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine的缩写，即中国康复医学会。

CATV英文Cable Television的缩写，即有线电视。

CCEL英文China Certification Committee for Environment Labeling Production的缩写，即中国环境标志产品认证委员会。

CD-ROM英文Compact Disk Read-Only Memory的缩写，即人们常说的光驱。

CGO英文Chief Government Officer的缩写，即首席沟通主管，主要负责与政府机构之间的交流与沟通。

ChinaNET英文China Network的缩写，即中国公用计算机网，它是政府建立的计算机网络之一，与之相对应的有中国教育网等。

CID英文Central Information District的缩写，即中央信息区。

CPA英文Certified Public Accountant的缩写，即注册会计师，指依法取得注册资金会计师证书并接受委托，从事审计和会计咨询、会计服务业务的执业人员。

CSCL英文computer-supported Collaborative Learning的缩写，是一种利用计算机技术(尤其是多媒体网络技术)来辅助和支持的协作学习。

DDN英文Digital Data Network的缩写，即数字数据网。

DOS英文Disk Opening System的缩写，又称磁盘操作系统。

EPD英文Education for Environment, Population and sustainable Development的缩写，意为环境人口与可持续发展教育，是联合国教科文组织的跨学科项目。

EVA英文Economic Value Added的缩写，即经济增加值，指在扣除产生利润而投资的资本的成本之后所剩下的利润。

FUN新型的家庭生活方式，也就是现代健康家庭的三个要素：F代表健身，U代表团结，N代表营养。

GMAT英文Graduate Management Admission Test的缩写，即管理类专业的研究生入学考试。

GRE英文Graduate Record Examination的缩写，由美国教育考试服务中心（ETS）主办的美国硕士研究生入学资格考试。

美国和加拿大的大多数研究生院要求申请者有GRE成绩，作为评定申请者能力的可靠依据。

GSM英文Global Record Examination的缩写，是全球移动通信系统无线系统的一种通讯制式，使用时隙来区分无线信道。

起源于欧洲，目前是世界上使用最广泛的一种无线通讯制式。

HDCD英文High Definition Compact Disc的缩写，即高清晰的CD的简称，是当今唱片业制作技术发展的最新、最高科技的代表。

HDTV英文High definition Television的缩写，即高清晰度数字电视。

HTTP英文Hyper Text Transfer Protocol的缩写，即超文本传输协议。

ICP英文Internet Content Provider的缩写，是互联网内容提供商指定为互联网提供实际内容的实体。

ISND英文Integrated Service Digital Network的缩写，即综合业务数字网。

1972年CCITT提出这一概念。

80年代初实现了用户线数字传输技术人实用化。

ITU英文International Telecommunication Union的缩写，是国际电信联盟国际上的电信标准制定的管理机构，绝大多数的通讯标准都要经过它的认可或制定。

其前身是CCITT。

ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号
MMS英文Multimedia Messaging Service的缩写，即多媒体信息服务。

MODEM英文Modulator Demodulator的缩写，即调制解调器。

MS英文Mobile Station的缩写，即移动系统终端，也就是通常所说的手机。

MSC英文Mobile Switch Center的缩写，即移动交换中心，指移动通信系统中的交换部分，其功能主要是完成信令和话路交换、移动性管理、漫游管理等。

NMD英文National Missile Defense的缩写，即国家导弹防御计划。

OEM英文Original Equipment Manufacturer的缩写，即原始设备制造商。

OICQ英文Open ICQ的缩写(ICQ为英文I See You的谐音)，简称QQ，是目前流行的一种网上聊天软件。

PDA英文Personal Digital Assistant的缩写，字面意思是“个人数字助理”。

PNTR英文Permanent Normal Trade Relationship的缩写，即永久正常贸易关系。

PSTN英文Public Switch Telephone Network的缩写，是“公用电话交换网”的通俗说法。

TOEFL英文Test of English As a foreign Language的缩写，即“托福”。

TSE英文Test of Spoken English的缩写，即英语口语考试，是美国教育考试服务中心为非英语国家的学生提供的英语口语水平考试，主要测验考生的口语能力。

UPU英文Universal Postal Union的缩写，即万国邮政联盟。

USB英文Universal Serial Bus的缩写，即通用串口总线。

AAAS: 美国艺术和科学研究院，美国科学发展协会
AAMA: American Apparel Manufacturers Association 美国汽车/成衣制造商协会
AATC: American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
ABB: Activity Based Budgeting
ABC: Activity Based Costing
ABM: Activity Based Management
ABAP: Advanced Business Application Programming高级商业应用程序设计语言
ABS: Anti-lock Braking System 防抱死刹车系统
AC/DC: Alternating/Direct Current 交流电/直流电
ACE: American Council on Education 美国教育委员会
ACIL: American Council of Independent Laboratories 美国独立实验室委员会
ACV: All Commodity Volume 积累营业额/气垫船Air Cushion Vehicle
ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act
ADC: Analog to Digital Converter
ADC: Automated Data Collection
ADE: Automated Data Entry
ADEA: Age Discrimination Employment Act
ADP: Automatic Data Processing
ADSL: Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
AESF: American Environmental Science Foundation
AFDC: Alternative Fuels Data Center
AFMA: American Fiber Manufacturers Association
AFUP: Alternative Fuels Utilization Program
AFV: Alternative Fuel Vehicle
AIA: Aerospace Industries Association
AIAG: Automotive Industry Action Group
AID: Agency for International Development
AID: Automatic Identification
AIM: Application Integration Middleware
AIMS: Agile Infrastructure for Manufactured Systems (program) ALE: Atomic Layer Epitaxy
AM: Amplitude Modulation
AME: Association for Manufacturing Excellence
AMEL: Active Matrix Electroluminescent
AMH: Automated Material Handling
AMI: Acoustic Microscopy Imaging
AMI: American Methanol Institute
AML: Anti Monopoly Law
AMLCD: Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display
AMOLED: Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode AMPS: American Mobile Phone System
AMT: Advanced Manufacturing Technology
AMT: The Association for Manufacturing Technology
ANN: Artificial Neural Networks
ANS: Advanced Networks and Services
ANSI: American National Standards Institute
ANX: Automotive Network Exchange
AOI: Automated Optical Inspection
AP: Accounts Payable
APEC: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
API: Application Program Interface
APICS: American Production and Inventory Control Society APO: Advanced Planning and Optimization
APQP: Advanced Product Quality Planning
APS: Advanced Planning and Scheduling
APS: Advanced Planning Systems
APS: Active Pixel Sensor
APTA: American Public Transit Association
AR: Accounts Receivable
ARC: Auto-Refrigerating Cascade
ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASCII: American Standards Code for Information Interchange
ASC-X12: Accreditation Standards Committee (X12)
ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ASIP: Application Specific Integrated Passive
ASM: Array Surface Mount
ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASN: Advanced Shipping Notice
ASP: Application Service Provider
ASQ: American Society for Quality
ASRS: Automated Storage Retrieval Systems
ASSP: Application Specific Standard Product
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials
ATE: Automated Test Equipment
ATR: Automated Trouble Reporting
ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATMA: American Textile Machinery Association
ATMI: American Textile Manufacturers Institute
ATO: Assemble To Order
ATP: Advanced Technology Program
ATP: Available To Promise
ATPA: Andean Trade Preferences Act
AV: Audio Visual
AXI: Automated X-ray Inspection
AVL: Approved Vendor List
BAA: Broad Agency Announcement
BAM: Bottleneck Allocation Methodology
BAPI: Business Application Programming Interface
BER: Bit Error Rate
BFN: Bye For Now
BGA: Ball Grid Array
BIC: Best In Class
BiCOMOS: Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor BIOS: Basic Input Output Systems
BIST: Built In Self Test
BIT: Bilateral Investment Treaty
BLS: Bureau of Labor Statistics
BM: Buffer Management
BMP: Best Manufacturing Practices
BO: Business Object
BOD: Business Object Definition
BOGOF: Buy One Get One Free
BOI: Business Object Interface
BOH: Balance On Hand
BOM: Bill Of Materials
BOM: Business Object Model
BPR: Business Process Reengineering
BTF: Build To Forecast
BTO: Build To Order
BTS: Build To Stock
B2B: Business to Business
B2C: Business To Consumer
CAA: Clean Air Act
CAB: Change Authorization Board
CACM: Central American Common Market
CAD: Computer-Aided Design
CAE: Computer-Aided Engineering
CAFE: Corporate Average Fuel Economy
CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate
CAIV: Cost As (An) Independent Variable
CALS: Continuous Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support CALS: Commerce At Light Speed
CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing
CAM: Customer Asset Management
CAM-I: Consortium for Advanced Manufacturing -- International CAMU: Computerized Assembly Mock Up
CAPOSS: Capacity Planning and Operation Sequence Scheduling CARB: California Air Resources Board
CARICOM: Caribbean Common Market
CASA: Computer and Automated Systems Association CASE: Computer-Aided System Engineering
CATV: Community Antenna Television (Cable TV)
CBD: Commerce Business Daily
CBERA: Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act
CBI: Caribbean Basin Initative
CBM: Cubic Boron Nitride
CBO: Common Business Object
CBO: Congressional Budget Office
CBSA: Component Based Solution Assembly
CBT: Computer-Based Training
CCB: Change Control Board
CCD: Charge Couple Device
CCM: Color Changing Material
CCR: Central Contractor Registration
CD: Compact Disk
CDC: Centers for Disease Control
CDE: Common Desktop Environment
CDM: Collaborative Development Management
CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access
CEMS: Contract Electronic Manufacturing Services
CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Litigation Act CFAR: Collaboration Forecasting and Replenishment
CFC: Chlorofluorocarbon
CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics
CFM: Continuous Flow Manufacturing
CFTA: Canada Free Trade Agreement
CG: Consumer Goods
CGI: Common Gateway Interface
CGM: Computer Graphics Metafile
CGMP: Current Good Manufacturing Practices
CHF: Critical Heat Flux
CI: Compression Ignition
CI: Continuous Improvement
CID: Charge Injection Device
CIDI: Compression Ignition Direct Injection
CIDM: Customer-Integrated Decision Making
CINC: Commanders In Chief
CIO: Chief Information Officer
CIPE: Compressed Integrated Product Engineering
CIS: Contact Image Sensor
CISC: Complex Instruction Set Computer
CISET: Committee on International Science, Engineering and Technology CLASS: Capacity Loading and Operation Sequence Scheduling
CLM: Council For Logistics Management
CM: Contract Manufacturer
CM: Change Management
CM: Configuration Management
CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide on Silicon
CMRP: Capacitated Material Requirements Planning
CNC: Computer Numerical Control
CNG: Compressed Natural Gas
COA: Continuous Ordering Agreement
COB: Chip On Board
COBRA: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 CAFC: Container on Flat Car
CO: Carbon Monoxide
COB: Close of Business
CO2: Carbon Dioxide
COGS: Cost of Goods Sold
COLD: Computer Output To Laser Disk
COM: Component Object Model
COO: Cost of Ownership
CORBA: Common Object Request Broker Architecture
COS: Class of Service
COTS: Commercial Off The Shelf
CP: Cost Performance
CPIM: Certified in Production and Inventory Management
CPM: Certified Purchasing Manager
CPPS: Cost Performance Products Sector
CPU: Central Processing Unit
CQA: Certified Quality Auditor
CQE: Certified Quality Engineer
CR: Contrast Radio
CRADA: Cooperative Research and Development Agreement CRAP: Crummy Resource Allocation Process
CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRM: Customer Relationship Management
CRP: Capacity Requirements Planning
CRP: Continuous Replenishment Program
CRT: Cathode Ray Tube
CRT: Current Reality Tree
CSBB: Client Side Browser Based
CSI: Customer Satisfaction Index
CSP: Chip Scale Packaging
CSP: Commerce Service Provider
CTE: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
CTE: Committee on Trade and the Environment
CTG: Council for Trade in Goods
CTO: Configure To Order
CTP: Capability To Promise
CVD: Chemical Vapor Deposition
CVD: Countervailing Duty
DAMA: Design Anywhere Manufacture Anywhere
DARPA: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DAQ: Data Acquisition
DAS: Deputy Assistant Secretary
DAU: Defense Acquisition University
DBMS: Database Management System
DC: Direct Current
DC: Distribution Center
DCA: Direct Chip Attach
DCE: Distributed Computing Environment
DCOM: Digital Component Object Model
DCS: Digital Cellular System
DCS: Distributed Control System
DDE: Dynamic Data Exchange
DEM: Dynamic Enterprise Modeling
DES: Distributed Execution System
DFA: Design for Assembly
DFAA: Design for Automated Assembly
DFAS: Defense Finance and Accounting Service
DFB: Distributed Feedback
DFD: Design for Disassembly
DFE: Design For Environment
DFL: Demand Flow Leadership
DFM: Demand Flow Management
DFM: Demand Flow Manufacturing
DFM: Design For Manufacturability
DFS: Distributed Factory System
DFSC: Design for Supply Chain
DFT: Demand Flow Technology
DFX: Design For X
DI: Disability Insurance
DID: Digital Image Decoding
DIN: Deutsches Institut fur Normung (German national standards institute) DISA: Defense Information Systems Agency
DLA: Defense Logistics Agency
DLL: Dynamic Linking Libraries
DMA: Digital Memory Access
DMD: Direct Metal Deposition
DMI: Digital Migration Interface
DNC: Direct Numerical Control
DNS: Domain Name System
DOC: Department of Commerce
DOD: Department of Defense
DOE: Department of Energy
DOE: Design of Experiments
DOL: Department of Labor
DOLAP: Desktop OnLine Analytical Processing DOS: Department of State
DOT: Department of Transportation
DP: Design Postponement
DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory DRC: Design Rule Checking
DRP: Distribution Requirements Planning DSB: Dispute Settlement Body
DSC: Digital Still Camera
DSM: Distributed System Manager
DSMC: Defense Systems Management College DSO: Days Sale Outstanding
DSOM: Distributed System Object Model
DSP: Digital Signal Processor
DSRP: Demand Solutions Requirements Planning DSS: Decision Support Systems
DTD: Document Type Definition
DTP: Distributed Transaction Processing
DUT: Device Under Test
DVD: Digital Video Disk
DW: Data Warehousing
DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing EA: Enterprise Application
EAI: External Application Interface
EBR: Electronic Batch Record
EBXML: Electronic Business XML
EC: Electronic Commerce
EC: Engineering Change
ECC: Error Correction Code
ECM: Engineering Change Management
ECN: Electronic Change Notice
ECO: Engineering (or Electronic) Change Order ECR: Efficient Consumer Response
ECR: Engineering Change Request
ECRC: Electronic Commerce Resource Center
ECU: European Currency Unit
EDA: Electronic Document Access
EDA: Electronic Design Automation
EDA: Engineering Design Aids
EDGAR: Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval
EDI: Electronic Data Interchange
EDIFACT: Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport EDM: Electronic Discharge Machine
EDM: Electronic Data Management
EDMS: Engineering Document Management Systems
EEOC: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
EES: Engineering Execution Systems
EFI: Electronic Freight Invoice
EFT: Electronic Funds Transfer
EFTA: European Free Trade Association
EIA: Electronic Industrial Alliance
EIC: Earned Income Credit
EIS: Executive Information System
EISA: Extended Industry Standard Architecture
ELV: End of Life Vehicle
EMAS: Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI: Early Manufacturing Involvement
EMI: Electronic Magnetic Interference
EMS: Effective Management Systems
EMS: Enhanced Messaging Service
EMS: Environmental Management System
EMS: Electronic Manufacturing Services
EMU: European Monetary Union
E&O: Excess and Obsolete
EOQ: Economic Order Quantity
EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
EPA: Equal Pay Act
EPACT: Energy Policy Act
EPSCOR: Experimental Program to Stimulate Cooperative Research
ERA: Electronic Remittance Advice
ERC: Engineering Reseach Center
ERISA: Employment Retirement Income Security Act
ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning
ERS: Evaluated Receipt Settlement
ESD: Electrostatic Discharge
ESE: Environmentally Sustainable Electronics
EST: Environment, Science and Technology
ETBE: Ethyl Tertiary-Butyl Alcohol
ETO: Engineer To Order
ETP: Enterprise Transportation Planning
EU: European Union
EV: Electric Vehicle
EVA: Economic Value Added
EVM: Earned Value Management
EU: European Union
EZ/EC: Empowerment Zone/Enterprise Community
FA: Flexible Automation
FAA: Federal Aviation Administration
FACTS: Federal Agencies' Centralized Trial Balances System FAM: Fixture Assisted Manual
FAR: Federal Acquisition Regulation
FAS: Final Assembly Schedule
FASAB: Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board FAT: File Allocation Table
FBE: Framework Based Environment
FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation
FCA: Flip Chip Assembly
FCC: Federal Communications Commission
FCEV: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
FCP: Finite Capacity Planning
FCP: Flip Chip Package
FCS: Finite Capacity Scheduling
FCS: Foreign Commercial Service
FDA: Food and Drug Administration
FDI: foreign Direct Investment
FDM: Frequency Data Multiplexing
FED: Field Emission Display
FEHA: Fair Employment and Housing Act
FEM: Finite Elements Method
FEMA: Federal Emergency Management Association FHA: Federal Housing Administration
FHWA: Federal Highway Administration
FICA: Federal Insurance Contributions Act
FIFO: First In, First Out
FINCEN: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network FIP: Factory Information Protocol
FIS: Factory Information System
FLSA: Fair Labor Standards Act
FM: Frequency Modulation
FME: Failing Manufacturing Enterprise FMEA: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis FMLA: Family Medical Leave Act
FMS: Financial Management Services
FMS: Flexible Manufacturing System
FO: Fiberoptic
FOIA: Freedom Of Information Act
FP: Finite Planning
FPA: Focal Plane Array
FPD: Flat Panel Display
FPDS: Fedeal Procurement Data System
FPI: Federal Prison Industries
FPT: Fine Pitch Technology
FRA: Federal Railroad Administration
FROG: Free Roaming On Grid
FRT: Future Reality Tree
FRU: Field Replaceable Units
FSAN: Full Services Access Network
FSK: Frequency Shift Keying
FSO: Foreign Service Officer
FTA: Federal Transit Authority
FTAA: Foreign Trade Area of the Americas FTP: File Transfer Protocol
FTTC: Fiber to the Curb
FTTH: Fiber to the Home
FUD: Fear Uncertainty and Doubt
FUTA: Federal Unemployment Tax Act FWPCA: Federal Water Pollution Control Act FYI: For Your Information
GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GaAs: Gallium Arsenide
GaN: Gallium Nitride
GAO: General Accounting Office
GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GATS: General Agreement on Trade in Services
Gb: Gigabit
Gbs: Gigabit Per Second
GDP: Gross Domestic Product
GEC: Global Economic Commerce
GEM: Generic Equipment Model
GEO: Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
GHz: Gigahertz or billions of cycles per second
GIF: Graphic Interchange Format
GIS: Geographic Information System
GIS: Graphical Information System
GMP: Good Manufacturing Practices
GMROI: Gross Margin Return on Investment
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
GPS: Global Positioning System
GSA: General Services Administration
GSM: Global System Mobile
GSP: Generalized System of Preferences
GUI: Graphical User Interface
HASA: Highly Accelerated Stress Audit
HBT: Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors
HC: Hydrocarbon
HCCD: Horizontal Charge Coupled Device
HDB: High Density Printed Board
HDD: Hard Disk Drive
HDI: High Density Interconnect
HE: Harsh Environment
HEA: Harsh Environment Automobile
HEC: Hybrid Electric Vehicle
HEM: Harsh Environment Military
HEMT: High Electron Mobility Transistor
HFET: Heterostructure Field Effect Transistor
HH: Hand Held
HHS: Department of Health and Human Services HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HMD: Head Mounted Display
HMI: Human Machine Interface
HMO: Health Maintenance Organization
HOV: High Occupancy Vehicle
HP: High Performance
HPCC: High Performance Computing and Communications
HPPS: High Performance Product Sector
HPV: High Production Volume
HR: Human Resources
HRM: Human Resource Management
HSM: Hierarchical Storage Manager
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HUD: Heads Up Display
HUD: Department of Housing and Urban Development
IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency
IC: Integrated Circuit
ICE: Internal Combustion Engine
ICSU: International Council For Science
ICT: In-Circuit Text
IDB: Inter-American Development Bank
IDEMA: International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association IDIS: Integrated Disbursement and Information System
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
IG: Inspector General
ILEV: Inherently Low Emission Vehicle
IMCS: Inventory Management and Control System
IMS: Insulated Metal Substrate
IMT: International Mobile Telephone
IMTI: Integrated Manufacturing Technology Initiative
INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences INS: Immigration and Naturalization Service
I/O: Input Output
IP: Intellectual Property
IP: Internet Protocol
IPC: Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits IPPD: Integrated Product and Process Development
IPR: Intellectual Property Rights
IPS: In-Plan Switching
IPT: Integrated Product Team
IQR: Inventory Quality Ratio
IR: Infrared
IRI: Industrial Research Institute
IRM: Integrated Resource Management
IS: Information System
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO: International Standards Organization
ISTEA: Intermodal Surface Transportation Act
ISV: Independent Software Vendor
ISWG: Interoperability Service Working Group
IT: Information Technology
ITA: Information Technology Agremeement
ITAC: International Telework Association and Council ITER: International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ITRI: Interconnection Technology Research Institute ITRS: International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors ITS: Intelligent Transportation System
ITSS: Information Technology Solutions Shop
ITU: International Technical Union
JDAM: Joint Direct Attack Munitions Program
JEIDA: Japan Electronic Industry Development Association JESSI: Joint European Submicron Silicon Initiative
JIT: Just In Time
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
KBE: Knowledge-Based Engineering
KGD: Known Good Die
KPI: Key Performance Indicator
KW: Kilowatt
KWh: Kilowatt Hour
LAN: Local Area Network
LAP: Large Area Processing
LC: Low Cost
LCA: Life Cycle Assessment
LCC: Leadless Chip Carrier
LCC: Life Cycle Cost
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
LCL: Less Than Container Load
LCOS: Liquid Crystal On Silicon
LCPC: Life Cycle Product Cost
LCTV: Liquid Crystal Television
LCPC: Life Cycle Product Cost
LED: Light Emitting Diode
LEO: Low Earth Orbit
LEP: Light Emitting Polymer
LEV: Low Emission Vehicle
LGA: Land Grid Array
LHC: Large Hadron Collider
LMDS: Local Multi-Point Distribution System
LNA: Local Noise Amplifier
LNG: Liquid Natural Gas
LPF: Low Pass Filter
LPG: Liquid Propane Gas
LSI: Large Scale Integration
LTCC: Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic
LTL: Less Than Truckload
LVS: Layout Verification Systems
MADE: Manufacturing Automation and Design Exploration (program) MAI: Multilateral Agreement on Investment
MAST: Manufacturing Analyst for Science and Technology
MC: Mass Customization
MCC: Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corp.
MCIC: Multilayer Ceramic Integrated Circuit
MCM: Multi-Chip Module
MCP: Multi Chip Package
MCS: Manufacturing Control System
MCS: Multiple Constraint Synchronization
MEMS: Microelectromechanical Systems
MEO: Middle Earth Orbit
MEP: Manufacturing Extension Partnership
MES: Manufacturing Execution System
MESA: Manufacturing Execution System Association
MHPA: Mental Health Parity Act
MHz: Megahertz or millions of cycles per second
MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MIS: Management Information System
MITI: Ministry of International Trade and Industry
MLC: Multi Layer Ceramic
MLL: Multi Layer Laminate
MMF: Multi Mode Fiber
MMI: Man Machine Interface
MMIC: Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit
MMS: Materials Management System
MOS: Metal Oxide Semiconductor。