山东省淄博市高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷(附解析)

淄博市2018—2019学年度高三模拟考试试题
英语
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
When did the man visit Yellowstone Park?
A. This year
B. Last year.
C. The year before last.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W: Did you go to Yellowstone Park for vacation last year?
M: I couldn’t make it last December, but I finally went there three months later. I plan to visit again next year.
【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What is the weather like now?
A. Sunny.
B. Windy.
C. Rainy.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: Your coat is all wet. Is it raining heavily outside?
M: Yes. I should have listened to the weatherman, but the sunny and windy weather this morning deceived me.
【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man mean?
A. The dish is new on the menu.
B. The dish is a good bargain.
C. The dish is quite healthy.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: Miss, can I interest you in the pork special we’re serving tonight? It’s only $7.99, half the usual price, and it’s very tasty.
W: Oh, really? I’ll try it.
【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
Why didn’t the man go to the exhibition?
A. Getting tickets would take too much time.
B. He didn’t care for Da Vinci’s paintings.
C. The ticket was too expensive.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
M: Did you go to the Italian high-tech exhibition in Tianjin University last month?
W: Yes, it was wonderful. I particularly like the works by Da Vinci.
M: I wish I had gone, but I heard we would have to wait for two hours to get tickets.
【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What will the man do?
A. Invite his friends.
B. Prepare some food.
C. Go pack the car.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: Just look! The day is lovely! How about a picnic?
W: Okay by me. How soon do you want to leave?
M: Say … in an hour?
W: Can we make it an hour and a half? Then we’ll have to take time to make some more food, and besides that I’d like to invite Nancy and Jim.
M: Fine. While you’re getting everything ready in the house, I’ll go pack the car.
【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
6. Where did the man plan to go yesterday?
A. Cambridge.
B. Tate Modern.
C. The London Eye.
7. What day is it probably today?
A. Monday.
B. Friday.
C. Saturday.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
W: What about taking a tour around Cambridge today?
M: I did that with a friend yesterday.
W: But didn’t you say you would go to the London Eye yesterday?
M: My friend had already been there, so I changed my plan. Today I want to see some modern artwork.
W: If so, you can go to Tate Modern. It’s a museum with a collection of international artwork from the 1900s.
M: Do many people visit it?
W: Yes, it’s very popular, but don’t worry. It’s usually not crowded on weekdays. If you go tomorrow, though, there may be a lot of people.
【6题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【7题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the man’s new book about?
A. A shy girl’s growth.
B. A brave girl’s adventures.
C. Some ugly but kind beasts.
9. What is the man probably going to do in two months?
A. Visit a friend.
B. Write another book.
C. Take a holiday.
【答案】8. B 9. C
【解析】
W: Hi, Paul! I heard you’re working on a new book. What is it about?
M: It’s about an adventurous girl who lives in Village Drowning, a town surrounded by beasts.
W: It sounds thrilling. Why did you decide to write such a book?
M: I visited a friend about two months ago. He has a daughter, who is very shy. She doesn’t dare talk to other people, so I decided to write a book about bravery to encourage her.
W: How much have you finished?
M: About one-third. I think I’ll finish it within two months.
W: What will you do after you finish it?
M: Well, I think I deserve a holiday. I’ve been writing all the time.
【8题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【9题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
10. Which number did the woman press?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
11. What do we know about History 107?
A. It is very difficult.
B. It is quite popular.
C. It is very useful.
12. What does the man offer to do for the woman?
A. Put her through to the number.
B. Put her on a waiting list.
C. Give her some coins for the call.
【答案】10. A 11. B 12. A
【解析】
M: You have reached the number of the Student Registration Office. If you want to reach the Admissions Office, press “1”. For general information, press “2”... Good morning, Admissions Office. Can I help you?
W: Yes, my name’s Terry and I’m interested in finding out whether History 107 is full yet.
M: Do you know the official registration code for that class?
W: It is HIS 107 BC3.
M: Hmm ... it says that the class is full. You could check back in a couple of weeks. Some places will probably open up by that time. There’s a waiting list, and that means that you’d have to wait for your turn to come up.
W: I understand. Well, one more question. Is the General Housing Office on the same floor as the Registration Office? M: Yes, in fact I’ve got the number, so if you’d like, I can put you through. Please hold and I will put you through. W: Thanks. That should save me a coin or two.
【10题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【11题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【12题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the man doing?
A. Offering help.
B. Making an introduction.
C. Asking for advice.
14. What does the woman think of collecting umbrellas?
A. Unusual.
B. Expensive.
C. Interesting.
15. What does the woman say about stamp collections?
A. It helps get her mind off her work.
B. A rare set of stamps is worth a fortune.
C. Building a good stamp collection is not difficult.
16. What will the man probably take up as a hobby?
A. Playing golf.
B. Playing the violin.
C. Collecting electronics.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. A
【解析】
M: My doctor says I need an outside interest to get my mind off my work. Can you suggest a hobby?
W: Well, electronics might be fun, but you don't want a hobby that requires a lot of expensive equipment, do you? M: No, I don't want to buy expensive equipment. I just want to do something that is relaxing and enjoyable. Do you think collecting umbrellas would be interesting?
W: Collecting umbrellas! I've heard of a lot of unusual hobbies, but I've never heard of that one. You don't play a musical instrument, do you?
M: Yes, I play the violin, but I want to do something different. What's your hobby?
W: My hobby is stamp collecting. I've been collecting stamps since my childhood and it's a lot of fun. Have you ever had a stamp collection?
M: No, I've never had a stamp collection. It’s difficult and it takes a long time to build a good stamp collection, doesn't i t? W: Yes, building a good collection takes a long time, but a rare set of stamps can be very valuable. I can see that you're not interested in stamp collecting, so how about sports?
M: Yes, I am interested in sports. I want something I can do on weekends. Do you think golf would take my mind off my job?
W: Yes, I think it would.
【13题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【14题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【15题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【16题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
17. How long did Donna work for the Peace Corps?
A. Three months.
B. Two years.
C. Three years.
18. What was Donna assigned to do in Brazil?
A. Work on an agricultural project.
B. Carry out a cultural program.
C. Teach Portuguese.
19. What did Donna do first after she went back to Brazil?
A. A farmer.
B. A journalist.
C. An English teacher.
20. How does Donna make extra money to support herself?
A. By renting her apartment to someone.
B. By writing stories for newspapers.
C. By planting crops.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. C 20. B
【解析】
Donna Fredricks served with the Peace Corps for two years in Brazil. She joined the Peace Corps after she graduated from college because she wanted to do something to help other people. She had been brought up on a farm, so the Peace Corps assigned her to an agricultural project. Before she went to Brazil, she studied Portuguese for three months. She also learnt a great deal about its history and culture. During her two years with the Peace Corps, Donna lived in a village in northeast Brazil. That part of Brazil is very dry and farming is often difficult there. Donna helped the people of the village to organize an irrigation project, and she also advised them on planting crops that didn’t require much water. When Donna returned to the States, she couldn’t settle down. She tried several jobs, but they seemed very boring to her. She couldn’t get Brazil off her mind. Finally, one day she got on a plane and went back to Brazil. She wasn’t sure what she was going to do. She just wanted to be there. After a few weeks, Donna found a job as an English teacher, teaching five classes a day. Like most of the teachers there, she doesn’t make much money. She shares a small a partment with another teacher, and she makes a little extra money by sending stories to newspapers in the States. Eventually she wants to quit teaching and work as a full-time journalist.
【17题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【18题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【19题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

【20题详解】
此为听力题，解析略。

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
Visa Medical Appointment
For your appointment you must bring
·Your valid original passport.Driving license is not accepted.
·HAP ID(体检号)and your e-Medical Referral Letter.
·Prescription glasses or contact lenses.
·Any specialist’s report／s about your medical condition.
At visa medical assessment
·A phone interpreter will be made available upon request.
·You will be required to change into a medical shirt provided for your visa medical assessment.We recommend that female applicants NOT wear a dress or clothing which is difficult to remove to the appointment.
·If you are having an x-ray，you will be asked to remove all necklaces and neck chains and tie long hair back.We request valuables not be brought to the assessment.Change rooms and lockers will be available to store your belongings，including your mobile phone which must be kept in a locker during your assessment.
Important information for your appointment
Blood Test
You are required to have a blood test，please eat and drink as normal before your appointment.There is no need to fast.
Arriving for your appointment
Please arrive on time for your appointment and allow approximately 2 hours for your assessment to be completed.
Pregnancy
If you are pregnant，please call our contact centre on 1 300 794 9 1 9 as it may affect you being able to proceed with
the assessment.
Menstruation(生理期)
If you have booked your appointment when menstruating，please go online to reschedule your appointment so it falls 4—6 days after you have finished menstruating.
For more information
Please visit our website .au
Bupa Medical Visa Services Customer Service
21. What should applicants take for the appointment?
A. Driving license.
B. Passport copy.
C. Medical Referral Letter.
D. Sun glasses.
22. What is required to do during the x-ray?
A. To take off all jewellery.
B. To have long hair cut.
C. To have on formal clothing.
D. To take a mobile phone along.
23. Which is the special information for women?
A. Eating and drinking as normal.
B. Keeping secret about the pregnancy.
C. Allowing at least two hours for the test.
D. Delaying the appointment due to menstruation.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了申请医疗预约的相关信息和注意事项。

【21题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一部分中的“HAP ID(体检号)and your e-Medical Referral Letter.”可知，申请人需要携带医疗介绍信，故C项正确。

【22题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二部分中的“If you are having an x-ray，you will be asked to remove all necklaces and neck chains and tie long hair back.”可知，X光检查时，要摘下项链等饰品，故A项正确。

【23题详解】
细节理解题。

根据最后一部分中的“ease go online to reschedule your appointment so it falls 4—6 days after you
have finished menstruating.”可知，特别提醒是生理期的女性可以把预约时间延后到例假结束后的4-6天，故D 项正确。

B
When I was about 4 years old，I decided to go to Disney World.For most young kids，it's a normal request，but I had cerebral palsy(脑瘫).Walking into anywhere，let alone a crowded place like Disney World was，to put it lightly，a tall order.Luckily，I had people in my corner to help me.Over the next three years，I worked with physical doctors，acquired a walker，and practiced walking，standing，and balance—all skills that I would need to turn my goal into a reality.
I remember the feeling when my legs would protest doing any more work.Despite this，everyone else told me I could do it，so I kept it up.It was all because of people like my parents，brothers，teachers，and doctors that I was able to grow so much，both physically and mentally.Constantly pushing me to“walk on，”yet encouraging me whenever I needed it.
On June 9，2008，as I stood in the tunnel leading into Main Street，My dad asked me if I wanted any help.I instantly replied，“No!”and situated myself facing the end of the tunnel，feet planted firmly，heart most likely beating out of my chest.Then I went，walking ever so slowly at first，then gradually speeding up.Step，step，step，step，bump.Holding fast onto the handlebars，I gathered up all my strength，picked up my walker and straightened out，picking up my pace once again.It wasn’t too long before the cheering increased because I had made it to the end，where my mom was waiting with tears in her eyes and arms open wide ready to hug her son and tell him how proud she was.
Looking back on that experience，I realize something pretty thoughtful.Every once in a while，life will throw a few bumps in the road.Though it may set you back for a bit，don’t let it stop you.Pick yourself back up and finish.It’s worth it.Besides，there just might be someone there cheering you on along the way.
24. Which of the following best explains“a tall order”underlined in paragraph 1 ?
A. An easy decision.
B. An available action.
C. A reasonable order.
D. A challenging task.
25. Why does the author say he’s lucky?
A. He eventually has his brain disease well cured.
B. He constantly gets courage and support from others.
C. He is likely to do any kind of work in his later life.
D. He is naturally gifted in keeping balance on his own.
26. The author gives a vivid picture of himself in paragraph 3 to______.
A. explain he was terrified to take the first step
B. describe he took pride in his mother and friends
C. show how he managed to walk by himself
D. prove how he understood to respect others
27. What can be the best title of the text?
A. Where Dreams Come True
B. When Bad Fortune Falls
C. How I Value Friendship
D. Why I Look Back My Life
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者虽然是一个脑瘫患者，但是在很多人的鼓励和支持下，刻苦锻炼，最终能够独立行走，作者也由此认识到不要让生活中的颠簸不平阻止前进的脚步，路上总会有人为你喝彩。

【24题详解】
词义猜测题。

根据画线词前的“but I had cerebral palsy(脑瘫).Walking into anywhere，let alone a crowded place like Disney World was”可知，对一个脑瘫患者来说，别说去迪士尼世界这样拥挤的地方，就连走路去哪都是一个艰巨的任务，由此可知，画线词词义为“有挑战性的任务”，故D项正确。

【25题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Luckily，I had people in my corner to help me.”及第二、三段内容可知，作者得到了很多人的鼓励和支持，所以他说自己很幸运，故B项正确。

【26题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第三段内容，特别是“I had made it to the end”可知，本段作者生动地描绘了自己走路是为了证明自己不需要别人的帮忙，也能设法独自行走，故C项正确。

【27题详解】
主旨大意题。

通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“all skills that I would need to turn my goal into a reality.”可知，本文主要讲述了作者虽然是一个脑瘫患者，但是在很多人的鼓励和支持下，刻苦锻炼，终于实现在了自己独立行走的目标，故A项（美梦成真）最能概括出文章内容。

【点睛】本篇第1题词义猜测题的难度较大，画线词在句末，因此，充分理解画线词前面的部分是解题关键，根据画线词前的“but I had cerebral palsy(脑瘫).Walking into anywhere，let alone a crowded place like Disney World was”可知，作者是一个脑瘫患者，对一个脑瘫患者来说，别说去迪士尼世界这样拥挤的地方，就连走路去哪都是一个非常艰难的任务，由此可知，画线词词义为“有挑战性的任务”。

C
Experts say there are about 6，500 languages spoken throughout the world.But the United Nations estimates that
about half of these languages are in danger of disappearing.
One non-profit organization seeking to save world languages is a New York-based group called Wikitongues.Officials from Wikitongues say the organization has a simple goal:to provide the tools and support that people need to save their languages.
Udell is the co-founder of Wikitongues.He said when a language disappears，many other things can go away as well.For example，parts of a community’s culture，knowledge and identity can also be lost.Because of this.Udell believes the process of bringing languages back must be done by community members themselves，“from the ground up，”he said.
“There is no way an outside organization can save someone’s language for them.”
Wikitongues was launched in 2016 as an open internet collection of world languages.The
self-described“community”is operated by volunteers from around the world.The collection is in the form of language videos that people add to the Wikitongues website.
There are currently more than 400 languages and dialects represented on Wikitongues’YouTube channel.Udell says more than 1,500 people from 70 different countries have added videos to the system.
“We have people from India who record dozens of languages，which is beyond their own.”he said.
One of Wikitongues’volunteers is Kolokwe，who lives in Namibia.His native language is Subiya，however，he does not get the chance to speak his native language every day.Like many other educated people from his area，he speaks a lot of English and Afrikaans.
Kolokwe is hoping his involvement with Wikitongues call help keep Subiya and other African languages from going extinct.He wants the world to know about his language.But his goal goes beyond just sharing his language with others through video.He is also working to create a dictionary and language teaching materials that can be used in schools.
28. What is tile result of languages disappearing?
A. People are uncertain about who they are.
B. All the customs and beliefs are still existing.
C. People can not communicate with each other.
D. The community becomes more independent.
29. Which of the following is true of Wikitongues?
A. It was founded by the United Nations.
B. Officials from it want to make money.
C. It contributes to saving languages.
D. 1500 languages are uploaded on its website.
30. Why is Kolokwe involved in volunteering?
A. He has no chance to speak his native language.
B. He dislikes speaking English and Afrikaans.
C. He wants to stop his native language dying out.
D. He hopes to teach his language in school himself.
31. What can we infer from the opinion of Udell?
A. The majority of languages have been saved.
B. Wikitongues can save languages disappearing.
C. Internet plays a more important part than volunteers.
D. Only community members can save their own languages.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上有一半的语言面临灭绝的危险，一个名叫Wikitongues的非盈利性组织正致力于拯救世界语言，目前有很多人志愿参与进来。

【28题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“when a language disappears，many other things can go away as well. For example，parts of a community’s culture，knowledge and identity can also be lost.”可知，当一种语言消失时，一个群体的部分文化、知识和身份也会随之消失，也就是人们会不确定自己是谁，故A项正确。

【29题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“One non-profit organization seeking to save world languages is a New York-based group called Wikitongues.”可知，Wikitongues是一个致力于拯救世界语言的非盈利性组织，故C项正确。

【30题详解】
细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Kolokwe is hoping his involvement with Wikitongues call help keep Subiya and other African languages from going extinct.”可知，Kolokwe参与志愿活动是为了阻止他的母语灭绝，故C项正确。

【31题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“There is no way an outside organizati on can save someone’s language for them.”可知，Udell说一个外部组织不可能拯救别人的语言，也就是说只有本群体的成员才能拯救自己的语言，故D项正确。

D
A new algorithm(演算法)raises parking rates in busy neighborhoods and lowers them elsewhere，guaranteeing free parking spots regardless of location，Christopher Intagliata reports.
If you drive in a city，you’ve no doubt experienced the headache of circling block after block，cruising for parking.But scientists who study that phenomenon have a solution to free up more spots:“You make them more expensive，so people have to decide whether to park farther away and Pay less，or closer and pay more.”Itzhak Benenson，a system scientist at Tel Aviv University.
San Francisco has piloted a program that raises parking rates based on demand—and it's been shown to reduce cruising.But the sensors required for those systems can cost millions of dollars to install and operate，Benenson says.So instead，writing in IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine，he and his colleague Nir Fulman describe an algorithm that can determine smart pricing，without the use of sensors.
They tested it on the Israeli city of Bat Yam，near Tel Aviv.First，they divide the city into zones.They estimate the parking demand in each zone，by calculating the number of apartments and offices there.Then they take account of parking supply in the area，along with how wealthy potential parkers might ing that data，the algorithm suggested pricing for each zone that would guarantee a 90-percent occupancy rate of parking spots city-wide.Meaning 10 percent of spots were always available to drivers willing to pay the price，regardless of neighborhood.
Of course，not everyone will agree that raising parking prices will reduce the press of st time Benenson proposed hiking rates for city residents?“I got about 100 reactions on the web and 99 of them that said they have never heard such a stupid statement from the professors，and I should be punished and fired.”
Eventually，he says，it'll be up to cities themselves to estimate their residents’political appetites for an easier parking spot.
32. What does the underlined word“them”in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Parking spots.
B. Parking rates.
C. Busy neighborhoods.
D. New algorithms.
33. How does the new algorithm work?
A. Adopting different parking rates.
B. Counting the apartments and offices.
C. Making farther parking spots more expensive.
D. Setting the price of parking spots with sensors.
34. Which is the process of carrying out the smart pricing?
①Choosing a target city.
②Counting the parking demand.
③Dividing the city into zones.
④Suggesting pricing for each zone.
⑤Considering the parking supply.
A. ②⑤④③①
B. ①③②⑤④
C. ②⑤①③④
D. ①③④②⑤
35. What will the public think of Benenson’s smart pricing?
A. Supporting.
B. Disapproving.
C. Optimistic.
D. Controversial.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了特拉维夫大学的系统科学家Itzhak Benenson提出了一种新的停车费算法，通过提高繁忙街区的停车费而降低其他地方的停车费来缓解停车压力，但公众认为这种算法是有争议的。

【32题详解】
代词指代题。

根据画线词前的“A new algorithm(演算法)raises parking rates in busy neighborhoods and lowers”可知，一种新的算法提高了繁忙街区的停车费，而降低了其他地方的停车费，画线词指代的就是前面提到的停车费，故B项正确。

【33题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“You make them more expensive，so people have to decide whether to park farther away and Pay less，or closer and pay more.”可知，新的算法提高繁忙街区的停车费，而降低其他地方的停车费，这样人们想少要花停车费就会把车停在远一点的地方，也就是新的算法对繁忙街区和别的地方采取不同的收费标准，故A项正确。

【34题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“They tested it on the Israeli city of Bat Yam，near Tel Aviv.First，they divide the city into zones.They estimate the parking demand in each zone，by calculating the number of apartments and offices there.Then they take account of parking supply in the area，along with how wealthy potential parkers might ing that data，the algorithm suggested pricing for each zone that would guarantee a 90-percent occupancy rate of parking spots city-wide.”可知，首先，他们选定了一个城市、把城市分成几个区域，通过计算每个区域的公寓和办公室的数量来估计每个区域的停车需求，然后，他们考虑了该地区的停车供应以及潜在停车者的富裕程度，最后利用这些数据，该算法为每个区域定价，故B项正确。

【35题详解】
推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Of course，not everyone will agree that raising parking prices will reduce the
press of parking.”可知，不是每个人都认为提高停车费会减少停车压力，也就是说公众认为这种算法是有争议的，故D项正确。

【点睛】关于大众态度的推理判断题要特别注意文章中能体现大众态度的句子是完全否定还是不完全否定，例如本篇第4题，根据倒数第二段中的“Of course，not everyone will agree that raising parking prices will reduce the press of parking.”可知，不是每个人都认为提高停车费会减少停车压力，也就是说公众认为这种算法是有争议的。

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

With 17 million residents and 23 million bicycles，the Netherlands already has more bikes than people.___36___ .
The Dutch government recently announced that it will invest $ 390 million in cycling infrastructure to get 200，000 more people commuting(通勤)by bike in three years’time.Fifteen routes will be developed into“cyclist freeways”，25，000 bike parking spaces will be created and more than 60 bike storage facilities will be upgraded.
“___37___，”says Stientje van Veldhoven，state secretary for that department，who is spearheading the project.
It’s not that people aren’t already cycling in the Netherlands.In 2016，over a quarter of all trips made by Dutch residents were by bike.But only 25％of those trips were work—related，compared to 37％which were made for leisure.___38___ .
According to van Veldhoven，more than 50％of people in the Netherlands live less than 15 kilometers from work，and more than half of commuters’car trips are under 7.5 kilometers long—a distance that“can easily be covered by bike，”she says.
___39___.The Netherlands currently rewards commuting cyclists with tax credits of $0.22 per
panies and employees would agree on the distance of a person’s cycling route.
However，this is currently a little—known benefit not supported by many employers，according to the infrastructure ministry.That’s something the government is hoping to change by better promoting the scheme and getting more companies on board.___40___ .The government is urging employers to provide better facilities for commuting cyclists，such as showers at the office，according to the ministry.
A.The rest were for school，shopping，or other activities
B.To get people to ditch their cars，money is being laid on the’table
C.Now，it wants to get even more cyclists on the roads—and will pay people to do it
D.Today the Netherlands is known for its cycling culture，but that hasn’t always been the case
E.My ambition is to ensure that people can easily get to work or school，or visit family and friends
F.The Netherlands is now one of the few countries that takes cycling seriously as a mode of transportation
G.There are already 11 major employers in the Netherlands committing to measures such as financing employees’ bikes 【答案】36. C 37. E
38. A 39. B
40. G
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了荷兰政府计划加大投资并采取更多的优惠政策，鼓励人们骑自行车上下班。

【36题详解】
根据本空前的“the Netherlands already has more bikes than people.”可知，荷兰的自行车数量已经超过了人口数量，再结合第二段中的“The Dutch government recently announced that it will invest $ 390 million in cycling infrastructure to get 200，000 more people commuting(通勤)by bike in three years’time.Fifteen”可知，荷兰政府加大投资，在三年内使骑自行车上下班的人增加20万，此处是说荷兰鼓励更多的人骑自行车上路，故C项（现在它想让更多骑自行车的人上路并为此付费）符合语境。

【37题详解】
根据本空后的“says Stientje van Veldhoven，state secretary for that department，who is spearheading the project.”可知，说话者是该项目负责人，此处是陈述他的目的，故E项（我的抱负是确保大家可以很容易地上班或上学、或拜访家人和朋友）符合语境。

【38题详解】
根据本空前的“But only 25％of those trips were work—related，compared to 37％which were made for leisure.”可知，这些骑行中只有25％与工作有关，而休闲占了37％，此处承接上文，说的是用于其他活动所占的比例，故A项（其余的用于上学、购物或其他活动）符合语境。

【39题详解】
根据本空后的“The Netherlands currently rewards commuting cyclists with tax credits of $0.22 per kilometer.”可知，荷兰为通勤者提供每公里0.22美元的税收优惠，这是从财政上鼓励人们骑自行车的优惠政策，故B项（为了让人们放弃他们的汽车，钱被放在桌面上）符合语境。

【40题详解】
根据本空前的“That’s something the government is hoping to change by better promoting the scheme and getting more companies on board”可知，政府希望通过更好地推广这一计划，让更多的公司参与进来，改变这一现状，此处承接上文，讲的是公司参与这一计划的情况，故G项（荷兰已有11家主要雇主承诺采取措施，比如为员工提供自行车费用）符合语境。

第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)。