Pharmaceuical Biotechnology
药学英语词汇
药学英语词汇药学英语词汇是药学领域中不可或缺的一部分。
它涵盖了许多不同的概念和术语,涉及药物的研发、生产、管理和使用等方面。
下面将介绍一些常用的药学英语词汇,并对其进行拓展说明。
1. Pharmacology (药理学): The study of how drugs interact with the body and how they produce therapeutic effects or side effects.2. Pharmaceutical (制药的): Relating to the production, development, and sale of drugs.3. Pharmacokinetics (药物动力学): The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body.4. Pharmacodynamics (药物动力学): The study of how drugs exert their effects on the body at the cellular and molecular level.5. Drug formulation (药物制剂): The process of developing the most suitable form of a drug for administration, such as tablets, capsules, or injections.6. Clinical trial (临床试验): A research study that tests the safety andeffectiveness of a new drug or treatment in humans.7. Drug interaction (药物相互作用): The effects that occur when two or more drugs are taken together, which can alter their individual therapeutic effects or cause adverse reactions.8. Adverse drug reaction (药物不良反应): Any harmful or unintended response to a drug, which may range from mild to severe.9. Pharmacist (药剂师): A healthcare professional who is knowledgeable about drugs, their uses, and their potential side effects, and who dispenses medications to patients.10. Prescription (处方): A written order from a healthcare provider fora specific medication, including dosage instructions and duration of treatment.11. Over-the-counter (OTC) (非处方药): Medications that can be purchased without a prescription, typically used to treat minor ailments and symptoms.12. Generic drug (仿制药): A medication that is equivalent to a brand-namedrug in terms of active ingredients, dosage form, strength, and route of administration, but is usually less expensive.13. Drug resistance (药物抗性): The ability of microorganisms or cancer cells to survive and multiply despite the presence of a drug, making the treatment less effective.14. Pharmacovigilance (药品监测): The science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems.15. Drug delivery system (药物输送系统): The technology or method by whicha drug is administered to the body, including oral, transdermal, inhalation, and intravenous routes.以上这些药学英语词汇不仅在医药领域中广泛使用,而且对于学习和理解药物的研发、使用和管理至关重要。
生物医药产业研究中常见的90个英文缩写及中文对照分享
生物医药产业研究中常见的90个英文缩写及中文对照分享1. ADME: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (吸收、分布、代谢和排泄)2. ADR: Adverse Drug Reaction (不良药物反应)3. AE: Adverse Event (不良事件)4. API: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (活性药物成分)5. BCRP: Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (乳腺癌耐药蛋白)6. BMD: Bone Mineral Density (骨密度)7. CAR-T: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (嵌合抗原受体T细胞)8. CDMO: Contract Development and Manufacturing Organization (合同开发与生产组织)9. CRO: Contract Research Organization (合同研究组织)10. CT: Clinical Trial (临床试验)11. DILI: Drug-Induced Liver Injury (药物性肝损伤)12. DMARDs: Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (疾病修饰性抗风湿药)13. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (脱氧核糖核酸)14. ECG: Electrocardiogram (心电图)15. EPO: Erythropoietin (促红细胞生成素)16. ER: Estrogen Receptor (雌激素受体)17. FDA: Food and Drug Administration (美国食品药品监督管理局)18. GMP: Good Manufacturing Practice (良好生产规范)19. HPLC: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (高效液相色谱)20. ICU: Intensive Care Unit (重症监护室)21. IEC: Institutional Ethics Committee (机构伦理委员会)22. IND: Investigational New Drug (新药申请)23. IPO: Initial Public Offering (首次公开募股)24. IPSC: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (诱导多能干细胞)25. IRB: Institutional Review Board (机构审查委员会)26. IVF: In Vitro Fertilization (体外受精)27. LC-MS: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (液相色谱-质谱)28. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide (脂多糖)29. MALDI-TOF: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (基质辅助激光解吸/飞行时间)30. MD: Medical Doctor (医学博士)31. MHC: Major Histocompatibility Complex (主要组织相容性复合体)32. MRA: Magnetic Resonance Angiography (磁共振血管造影)33. MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (磁共振成像)34. NDA: New Drug Application (新药申请)35. NIH: National Institutes of Health (美国国家卫生研究院)36. NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (核磁共振)37. NSCLC: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (非小细胞肺癌)38. OTC: Over-the-Counter (非处方药)39. PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction (聚合酶链反应)40. PD: Pharmacodynamics (药效学)41. PK: Pharmacokinetics (药动学)42. PPI: Proton Pump Inhibitor (质子泵抑制剂)43. PR: Progesterone Receptor (孕激素受体)44. PSA: Prostate-Specific Antigen (前列腺特异性抗原)45. R&D: Research and Development (研发)46. RNA: Ribonucleic Acid (核糖核酸)47. RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial (随机对照试验)48. ROIC: Return on Invested Capital (资本投资回报率)49. RT-PCR: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (逆转录聚合酶链反应)50. SAR: Structure-Activity Relationship (结构-活性关系)51. SAE: Serious Adverse Event (严重不良事件)52. SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (严重急性呼吸综合征)53. SD: Standard Deviation (标准偏差)54. SNP: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (单核苷酸多形性)55. SPA: Special Protocol Assessment (特殊方案评估)56. SSRI: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂)57. TBI: Traumatic Brain Injury (创伤性脑损伤)58. TCR: T-cell Receptor (T细胞受体)59. TDM: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (抗癫痫药物浓度监测)60. VEGF: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (血管内皮生长因子)61. WHO: World Health Organization (世界卫生组织)62. 5-HT: 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-羟色胺)63. AGM: After Goal Meeting (过目散会)64. APAP: Acetaminophen (对乙酰氨基酚)65. ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate (三磷酸腺苷)66. CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate (复合年增长率)67. CMO: Contract Manufacturing Organization (合同制造组织)68. CRISPR: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (自成簇间隔短回文重复序列)69. CTM: Clinical Trial Material (临床试验材料)70. CVD: Cardiovascular Disease (心血管疾病)71. CYP: Cytochrome P450 (细胞色素P450)72. DMPK: Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (药物代谢和药动学)73. DSMB: Data Safety Monitoring Board (数据安全监察委员会)74. EMEA: European Medicines Agency (欧洲药品管理局)75. FDA: Food and Drug Administration (食品和药物管理局)76. FISH: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (原位荧光杂交技术)77. FY: Fiscal Year (财政年度)78. HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (健康保险可移植性和责任法案)79. HTS: High-Throughput Screening (高通量筛选)80. ICU: Intensive Care Unit (重症监护室)81. IHC: Immunohistochemistry (免疫组织化学)82. IND: Investigational New Drug (新药申请)83. KOL: Key Opinion Leader (关键意见领袖)84. MOA: Mode of Action (作用机制)85. NCE: New Chemical Entity (新化学实体)86. NK: Natural Killer (自然杀伤细胞)87. NOAEL: No Observable Adverse Effect Level (无观察到的不良反应水平)88. NDA: New Drug Application (新药申请)89. RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial (随机对照试验)90. RNAi: RNA Interference (RNA干扰)。
生物制药专业作文英语
生物制药专业作文英语Biotechnology has been the catalyst for a revolution in pharmaceuticals, transforming how we perceive and treat diseases. The field of biopharmaceuticals has opened up a treasure trove of possibilities that were once the stuff of science fiction. Imagine a future where personalized medicine is the norm, where treatments are tailored to the unique genetic makeup of each patient, and where the side effects of drugs are a thing of the past. This is the promise of biopharmaceuticals—a future where the line between science and miracle becomes increasingly blurred.The heart of biopharmaceuticals lies in the manipulation of living organisms to produce drugs. Unlike traditional chemical-based pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals are derived from biological sources, such as cells and proteins. This approach allows for the development of drugs that are more targeted and less likely to cause adverse effects. The precision of these treatments is unmatched, as they can be designed to interact with specific biological pathways that are implicated in diseases.One of the most exciting frontiers in biopharmaceuticals is the development of monoclonal antibodies. These are lab-made molecules that can mimic the immune system's ability to fight off harmful invaders. They have shown remarkable success in treating a variety of conditions, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. The potential of monoclonalantibodies is vast, with ongoing research exploring their use in everything from treating neurological disorders to combating infectious diseases.Another groundbreaking area is gene therapy, which holds the key to treating genetic disorders at their source. By introducing, altering, or replacing a person's genetic material, gene therapy aims to correct the root cause of a disease. This is a monumental shift from the traditional symptomatic treatment, offering hope to patients with previously untreatable conditions.However, the journey to harnessing the full potential of biopharmaceuticals is not without its challenges. Regulatory hurdles, ethical considerations, and the high costs of research and development are some of the barriers that the industry must navigate. Yet, despite these obstacles, the progress made in the field is undeniable, and the benefits to human health are immeasurable.As we delve deeper into the intricacies of the human body and the vast landscape of biological systems, the biopharmaceutical industry stands at the cusp of unprecedented breakthroughs. It is a field that demands not only scientific acumen but also a vision for a healthier, more equitable future. The road ahead is paved with both challenges and opportunities, and it is up to us to ensure that the promise of biopharmaceuticals is realized for the betterment of all.。
美国、欧盟和中国生物技术药物的比较
美国、欧盟和中国生物技术药物的比较一、本文概述Overview of this article随着全球科技的快速发展,生物技术已成为推动医疗进步的重要力量。
本文旨在探讨美国、欧盟和中国在生物技术药物领域的发展现状、优势和挑战。
通过对比分析这三个地区的生物技术药物产业,我们将揭示不同国家和地区的产业特点、发展趋势以及面临的挑战。
With the rapid development of global technology, biotechnology has become an important force driving medical progress. This article aims to explore the current development status, advantages, and challenges of the United States, the European Union, and China in the field of biotechnology drugs. By comparing and analyzing the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries in these three regions, we will reveal the industry characteristics, development trends, and challenges faced by different countries and regions.我们将概述生物技术药物的定义、分类及其在医药领域的应用。
接着,我们将分别介绍美国、欧盟和中国在生物技术药物研发、生产和市场准入方面的政策和法规。
通过对比分析,我们将揭示这三个地区在生物技术药物领域的优势和不足。
We will provide an overview of the definition, classification, and application of biotechnology drugs in the pharmaceutical field. Next, we will introduce the policies and regulations of the United States, the European Union, and China in the research and development, production, and market access of biotechnology drugs. Through comparative analysis, we will reveal the advantages and disadvantages of these three regions in the field of biotechnology drugs.在此基础上,我们将进一步探讨各国在生物技术药物研发和生产方面的主要企业、创新药物和技术突破。
生物医药专业英语词汇
生物制药专业英语词汇Aabsolute lethal dose;LD100绝对致死剂量absorption rate constant吸收速率常数accelerated testing加速试验acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholine乙酰胆碱acrylic acid resin丙烯酸树酯activation激活作用activator激活剂active targeting preparation主动靶向制剂acute toxicity test急性毒性实验additive effect累加效应additive附加剂adenosine phosphate腺苷磷酸adhersive strength粘附力adhesion粘附性adhesives粘合剂adjuvant佐剂adrenergic nerve肾上腺素能神经adrenergic receptor肾上腺素能受体adverse reaction不良反应aerogel气凝胶aerosil微粉硅胶aerosol of micropowders for inspiration吸入粉雾剂aethylis oleas油酸乙酯agglomerate聚结物aggregation聚集air suspension空气悬浮法albumin microballoons白蛋白微球制剂alkaloid生物碱alkalosis;alkali-poisoning碱中毒allergy;allergic reaction变态反应allotted date of drug quality ensuring by manufacturer药品负责期all-trans全反式alterntae addition method两相交替加入法amebocyte lysate变形细胞溶解物amorphous forms无定型anaphylactic drug reaction过敏性药物反应anaphylatoxin过敏毒素anatoxin;toxoid类毒素angle of repose休止角antagonism拮抗作用antiadherent抗粘剂antibacterial spectrum抗菌谱antibody抗体antigen抗原antioxidants抗氧剂antipode对映体antisepesis防腐antiserum抗血清antitoxin抗毒素apparent solubility表现溶解度aprotinin抑酞酶aromatic compound芳族化合物aromatic waters芳香水剂Arrhenius方程阿仑尼乌斯方程artificial antigen人工合成抗原artificial immunization人工免疫aseptic technique无菌操作法astringent收敛药autoimmunity自身免疫Bbactericidal activity杀菌活性bactericidal effect杀菌作用bacteriophage噬菌体bacteriostatic activity抑菌活性bactriostasis抑菌作用ball mill球磨机base adsorption基质吸附率bases基质beeswax蜂蜡bending弯曲力bioavailability生物利用度bioavailability生物利用度biochemical approach生物学方法biochemistry生物化学biogenic amine生物胺biological half life生物半衰期biological product生物制品biometrics;biometry生物统计学biopharmacy生物药剂学blood coagulation血液凝固blood concentration血药浓度blood products血液制品blood volume expander血容量扩充剂blood-cerebral barrier血脑屏障body fluid体液body surface area体表面积bound water结合水分breakage(Bk)脆碎度broad-spectrum antibiotic广谱抗生素bulk density松密度、堆密度burst effect突释效应Ccaking结饼capillary state毛细管状capsules胶囊剂carcinogenic test致癌实验carcinogen致癌物carrier载体catecholamine儿茶酚胺CD圆二色谱法cellular immunity细胞免疫cellulose acetate(CA)醋酸纤维素chelating agent螯合剂chemical analysis化学分析chemical disinfection化学消毒法chemical physics化学物理学chemotherapy化学药物治疗chewable tablets咀嚼片chiral drug手性药物Chitosan壳聚糖chlinical pharmacy临床药学cholinesterase胆碱酯酶chronaxia;chronaxy时值chronic toxicity test;long term toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronopathology时辰病理学chronopharmacology时辰药理学chronosusceptability时间感受性chronotherapy时间治疗cipher prescription协定处方Clausius-Clapeyron方程克劳修斯-克拉珀龙方程clinical pharmaceutics临床药剂学clinical pharmacology临床药理学cloud point对聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂CMC-Na羧甲基纤维素纳CMS-Na羧甲基淀粉钠coagulation聚沉coated tablets包衣片coating material表材cocoa butter可可豆脂coefficient of diffusion扩散系数coenzyme辅酶cohesion凝聚性、粘着性cohesive strength内聚力cold compression method汽压法cold-homogenization冷却一匀化法cold-storage冷藏colon-targeted capsules结肠靶向胶囊剂compactibility成形性complement system补体系统complement补体complete antigen完全抗原complex coacervation复凝聚法complex solubilizer助溶剂compliance顺应性compressed tablets普通片compressibility压缩度compressibility压缩性compression压缩力compressive work压缩功concentration浓度cone and plate viscometer圆椎平板粘度计consistency curve稠度曲线content uniformity含量均匀度controllability可控性controlled release preparation控释制剂controlled release tablets控释片controlled-release preparation控释制剂convective mixing对流混合convective transport传递透过coordination number配位数core material表心物cosolvency潜溶cosolvent潜溶剂coulter counter method库尔特计数法count basis个数基准covalent bond共价键cracemization外消旋作用critical relative humidity(CRH)临界相对湿度critical velocity临界速度crude drugs;natural drugs天然药物crude drugs生药crushing粉碎crystal form晶型crystal habit晶态、晶癖、结晶习性cumulative size distribution累积分布cumulative urinary excretion curves累积尿排泄曲线cutting剪切力cyclodextrin(CYD)环糊精cylinder model圆栓体模型cytotoxic hexitols己糖醇细胞毒剂cytotoxicity细胞素Ddecoction汤剂degree of circularity圆形度degree of sphericility球形度delipidization角质层去脂质化desiccant;drying agent干燥剂detoxication解毒作用dextrin糊精dextrorotatory form右旋体dextrose右旋糖dialysis cell method渗析池法dicetyl phosphate磷酸二鲸蜡脂dielectric constant介电常数differential scanning calorimetry DSC差示扫描显热法Differential thermal analysis DTA差示热分析法diffusion扩散diffusive mixing扩散混合dilatant flow胀性流动diluents稀释剂、填充剂dimethicone(silicones)二甲基硅油、硅油、硅酮directed pharmaceutical preparations定向药物制剂discontinuous sterilization间歇灭菌法disinfection消毒disintegrants崩解剂disintegration崩解度disk assemble method圆盘法dispensing pharmacy调剂学disperse medium分散介质disperse phase分散相disperse system分散体系dispersed phase分散相、内相、非连续相dispersible tablets分散片displacement value(DV)置换价dissolution;dissolving溶解distilled water蒸馏水DLVO理论引力势能与斥力势能DME二甲醚DMSO二甲基亚矾dosage form剂型dosage regimen or dose rate给药方案或给药速度dosage;dose剂量dose or concentration dependency剂量或浓度的依存性dosing interval给药间隔double-blind technique双盲法drop dentifrices滴牙剂drug absorption药物吸收drug accumulation药物蓄积drug administration law药品管理法drug batch number药品批号drug carrier药物载体drug combination合并用药drug distribution药物分布drug elimination药物消除drug excretion药物排泄drug interaction药物相互作用drug metablic enzyme药物代谢酶drug metabolism药物代谢drug reaction药物反应drug sensitive test药敏试验Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准drug standard药品质量标准drug tolerance耐药性drug-induced diseases药源性疾病drug-loading rate载药量drug-time curve药—时曲线dry bulb temperature干球温度dumping effect突释效应Eear drops滴耳剂effective concentration有效浓度effective halt有效半衰期effective rate有效率effectiveness有效性effector效应器effector效应物effect效应effervescent disintegrants泡腾崩解剂effervescent tablets泡腾片elastic deformation弹性变形elastic recovery(ER)弹性复原率elastic work弹性功elasticity弹性electrolyte电解质electrolyzation电解electroporesis电致孔法electuary煎膏剂elimination rate constant消除速率常数emulsifer in water method水中乳化剂法、湿胶法emulsifier in oil method油中乳化剂法、干胶法emulsions乳剂emulsion普通乳enamine烯胺endocytosis内呑endotoxin内毒素enteric coated tablets肠溶衣片enteric coating肠溶衣enteric controlled release tablets肠溶控释片enterohepatic circulation肠肝循环entrapment rate包封率environmental pharmacology环境药理学epidermis表皮epimerization差向异构作用equilibrium solubility平衡溶解度equilibrium water平衡水分essential aminoacid必需氨基酸essential drugs基本药物essential fatty acid必需脂肪酸ethical(prescription)drug处方药ethnopharmacology人种药理学ethycellulose(EC)乙基纤维素etiological treatment对因治疗evaporation蒸发excipients辅料excitability兴奋性exotoxin外毒素expiry date;date of expiration药品有效期external phase分散介质、外相、连续相extracts浸膏剂extravascular administration血管外给药eye drop滴眼剂eye ointments眼膏剂Ffactorial design析因设计fatal dose;lethal dose致死量fatty oils脂肪油fermentation发酵fillers填充剂film coated tablets薄膜衣片film dispersion method薄分散法film-coating薄膜衣films膜剂filter aid助滤剂filtration过滤first pass effect of hepar肝首过效应first-pass effect首过效应fliud extracts流浸膏剂flocculation value絮凝度flocculation絮凝flow curve流动曲线flow velocity流出速度flowability流动性fluid-energy mills流能磨、气流式粉碎机fluidity buffer流动性缓冲剂fluidized bed coating流化床包衣法free water自由水分freely movable liquid自由流动液体freezing;refrigeration冷冻frequency size distribution频率分布funicular state索带状fusion融合Ggas analysis气体分析gas permeability method气体透过法GCP药物临床试验管理规范gelatin glycerin甘油胫胶gelatinization糊化gelatin明胶general acid-base catalysis广义酸碱催化Geneva nomenclature日内瓦命名法geometric diameter几何学粒子径geometric isomerization几何异构ghost cell影细胞glidants助流剂GLP药物非临床研究管理规范gluconeogenesis糖异生作用glycerins甘油剂glyceryl monostearate硬脂酸、甘油酯glycolic acid羟基乙酸glycolysis酵解GMP药品生产质量管理规范granule density颗粒密度granules颗粒剂growth curve生长曲线guest molecules客分子Hhalf lethal dose;median lethal dose;LD50半数致死剂量half-life period;half life time半衰期halogenide卤化物haptene半抗原hard capsules硬胶囊剂hardness硬度hemolysis溶血histamine组胺holonzyme and prosthetic group全酶与辅基hormone激素host molecules主分子humidity湿度humoral immunity体液免疫hydration of stratum corneum角质层的水化作用hydrogel水性凝胶hydrolysis水解(作用)hydrophile-lipophile balance亲水亲油平衡值hydrotropy agent助溶剂hydrotropy助溶hydroxypropyl methylcellulose羟丙甲纤维素hygroscopicity吸湿性hyperreactivity高敏性hypodermic tablets皮下注射用片IIDDS植入给药系统IEC离子交换色谱法IEF等电点聚焦immobile liquid不可流动液体immunoenhancement免疫增强剂immunogenicity免疫原性immunosuppressant;immuno inhibitor免疫抑制剂impact mill冲击式粉碎机impact冲击力implant tablets植入片implants埋植剂inclusion compound包含物incomplete antigen不完全抗原indirect carcinogenesis间接致癌individual differences;individual variation个体差异性industrial pharmacy工业药剂学infusion solution输液inhalation吸入法injection注射液in-liquid drying液中干燥法(乳化-溶剂挥发法)innocuity test method安全试验法interface polycondensation界面缩聚法intermediate中间体intoxication;poisoning中毒intra-arterial route动脉内注射intracorporal process of drugs药物的体内过程intradermal(ID)route皮内注射intramuscular(IM)route肌肉注射intrathecal injection鞘内注射intravascular administration血管内给药intravenous(IV)route静脉注射intrinsic dissolution rate特性溶出速率inverse targeting反向靶向iontophoresis离子渗透法IR红外光谱isoclectric focusingIEF等电点聚焦isomerase异构酶isoosmotic solution等渗溶液isotonic solution等张溶液isotope同位素Llag time时滞large unilamellar vesicles大单室脂质体least significant difference最小显著差数length basis长度基准levorotatory form左旋体levulose左旋糖light quantum光量子limit date of using a drug after its production药品使用期Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay for endotoxin内毒素鲎试剂测定法limulus lysate test鲎试验法linear correlation直线相关liniments搽剂liposome脂质体liquid immersion method液浸法liquid injection无针液体注射器liquid paraffin液体石碏long term toxicity test长期毒性实验long-circulating liposomes长循环脂质体long-term testing长期试验lotions洗剂low density lipoprotein低密度脂蛋白lubricants润滑剂lysozyme溶菌酶Mmacromolecule大分子magnetic controlled release dosage form磁性控释制剂magnetic medicinal preparations磁性药物制剂martin diameter定方向等分径mass basis质量基准matrix type骨架型maxial noneffective dose;EDO最大无作用剂量maximal tolerable dose;LDO最大耐受剂量maximum additive concentration MAC最大增溶浓度mechanical interlocking bonds粒子间机械镶嵌mediator;transmitter;medium介质medical colloidal solution胶体溶液型药剂medicinal liquor酒剂melt-homogenization熔融-匀化法membrane wall表膜壁壳membrane-moderated type TTS膜控释型TTS mesomer内消旋体methyl acrylate-methacrylate co甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酸甲酯micellar emulsion胶团乳micelle胶束microcapsules微表microemulsion微乳microencapsulation微型包表术、微表化micromeritics粉体学microreservoir-type TTS微贮库型microscropic method显微镜法microsomal enzyme微粒体酶Microspheres微球microstreaming超微束minimal effective dose最小有效量minimal lethal dose;MLD最小致死剂量minitablet小片mixture合剂moistening agent润湿剂moisture absorption吸湿性mol fraction concentration摩尔分数浓度molar volume;mole volume摩尔分子体积molarity摩尔浓度molecular biology分子生物学molecular capsules分子囊molecular disease分子病molecular pharmacology分子药理学molecular solution分子溶液mole摩尔monoclonal antibody单克隆抗体multifunctional enzyme多功能酶multilamellar vesicles多宝脂质体multilayer tablets多层片multiorfice-centrifugal process多孔离心法multiple dose administration多剂量给药mutation突变Nnacent soap method新生皂法nanocapsules纳米囊nanoemulsion纳米乳nanoliposomes纳米脂质体nanospheres纳米球naonparticle纳米粒nasal drops滴鼻剂natural antibody天然抗体natural antigen天然抗原natural immunity天然免疫neurotoxin神经毒素newtonian equation牛顿粘度定律newtonian fluid牛顿流体niosomes类脂质体,泡囊nitrite poisoning亚硝酸盐中毒nonbound water非结合水分nondepolarizer非去极化型肌松药non-essential amino acid非必需氨基酸nonionic surfactant vesicles非离子表面活性剂囊泡non-Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体nonprescription drug非处方药nucleation theory成核作用理论nucleotide核苷酸nutrient营养素Oocular inserts眼用膜剂official formula法定处方ointments软膏剂oligosaccharides低聚糖opitical isomerization光学异构oral administration口腔内给药ORD旋光色散orthologonal design区交设计osmotic pressure渗透压OSSDDS口服定位释药系统over the counter(OTC)非处方药oversize distribution筛上分布Ppacking fraction充填章paints涂剂paints涂膜剂pan coating锅包衣法paraffin石蜡particle size distribution粒度分布partition coefficient(P)分配系数parts per billion concentration PPB浓度parts per hundred concentration PPH浓度parts per hundred million concentration pphm浓度parts per million concentration ppm浓度passive immunity被动免疫passive targeting preparation被动靶向制剂passive transport被动转运peak concentration of drug药峰浓度peak time of drug药峰时间pendular state钟摆状penetration enhancers穿透促进剂penetration enhancers经皮吸收促进剂percentage concentration百分浓度phagocytosis吞噬作用pharmaceutical analysis药物分析pharmaceutical chemistry制药化学pharmaceutical engineering制剂学pharmaceutical equivalence药剂等效性pharmaceutical manufacturing制剂pharmaceutical preparation药物制剂pharmaceutics药剂学pharmacia淀粉微球pharmacodynamics药效动力学pharmacogenetics药物遗传学pharmacokinetics model药物动力学模型pharmacokinetics药物动力学pharmacological availability药理利用度pharmacology药理学phase inversion critical point转相临界点phase separation相分离法(物理化学法)phase transition temperature相转变湿度phase volume ratio相比phonophoresis超声波法photodegradation光化降解physical dependence身体依赖性physical pharmaceutics物理药剂学pill滴丸剂placebo安慰剂plasma protein binding ratio血浆蛋白结合率plasma substitute血浆代用液plasma血浆plaster硬膏剂plastic deformation塑性变形plastic viscosity塑性粘度plastisity塑性polymerization聚合polymers in pharmaceutics药用高分子材料学polymorphism多晶型polyose多糖polypeptide多肽porosity空隙率potency unit效价单位potency效价potency效价强度powder injection无针粉未注射器powders散剂powerful drug剧药preformulation处方前工作pregelatinized starch淀粉、预胶化淀粉、可压性淀粉preparation制剂prescription;recipe处方preservative防腐剂pressure sensitive adhersive压敏胶pressure-sensitive tape council剥离实验prickle cell layer棘层primary particle一级粒子prodrug前体药物proenzyme酶原prohormone激素原prolonged action preparation长效制剂propellents抛射剂propylene glycol丙二醇prosthetic group辅基pseudo steady state伪稳态pseudoplastic flow假塑性流动psychic dependence精神依赖性pulsed/pulsatile release脉冲释药pycnometer比重瓶pyrogen热原Qquantum pharmacology量子药理学quasi-viscous flow假粘性流动Rraceme外消旋体racemization外消旋化作用radiopharmaceutics放射药剂学radiotoxicology放射毒理学raman拉曼random floc不规则絮凝物rate of shear剪切速度、切速率、速度梯度receptor antagonist受体拮抗剂receptor stimulant受体激动剂receptor感受器receptor受体rectal administration直肠给药relative dosage interval相对给药间隔relative humidity(RH)相对湿度resistance to drugs抗药性response surface methodology效应面优化法restrictive holagogue限制性剧药retardants阻滞剂reverse osmosis反渗透rheology流变学ribonucleic acid;RNA核糖核酸rolling ball tack test滚球试验RP-HPLC反相高效液相色潽法rubbing研磨力Ssafety coefficient安全系统safety range安全范围safety安全性safflower藏红花油saponins皂甙saturated solution饱和溶液second particle二级粒子sedimentation method沉降法sedimentation rate沉降容积比selectivity选择性self-adjusted system自调式释药系统semi-logarithmic curve of drug-time药—时半对数曲线semisynthetic antibiotics半合成抗生素SEM扫描电镜sensitivity敏感性sensitization test致敏试验sensitization敏化作用sensitization致敏作用sequential design序贯设计serum血清settling velocity diameter有效径shape factor形状系数shear mixing剪切混合shearing force剪切应力、剪切力、切力short term carcinogenic test短期致癌实验side effect副作用sieving diameterDa,筛分径sieving method筛分法simple coacervation单凝聚法simplex method单纯形优化法single unilamellar vesicles小单室脂质体sink condition漏槽skin and mucocutaneous administration皮肤、粘膜表面给药slow pathway慢通道soft capsules软胶囊剂soft paraffin软石蜡solid bridges粒子间固体桥solid lipid nanospheres(SLN)固体脂质纳米粒solubility parameter溶解度参数solubility溶解度solubilization增溶solubilizer增溶剂solute溶质solution tablets溶液片solutions溶液剂solvent;dissolvent溶剂solvent-nonsolvent溶剂-非溶剂法soybean-derived sterol大豆甾醇specific acid-base catalysis专属酸碱催化specific surface area method地表面积法specific surface area地表面积specific volume松比客spermaceti鲸蜡spirits醑剂spongia,spongc海绵剂spray congealing喷雾凝结法spray drying喷雾干燥法State food and drug administration SFDA国家食品药品管理局steady state plasma concentration稳态血药浓度sterility无菌sterilization灭菌steroid withdrawal syndrome类固醇停药综合征sticky powder粘性粉体stress relaxation应力缓和stress testing影响因素试验、强化试验striping of stratum corneum去除角质层subacute intoxication;subacute poisoning亚急性中毒subcutaneous(SC)route皮下注射sublingual tablets舌下片subnanoemulsion亚纳米乳sugar coated tablets糖衣片supercritical Fluid(SCF)超临界流体(萃取)superinfection二重感染superoxide过氧化物suppositories栓剂surface activity表面活性surface basis面积基准surface tension表面张力suspending agents助悬剂suspending agent助悬剂Suspensions混悬剂suspension悬浮液Sustained release tablets缓释片Sustained-release preparation缓释制剂symptomatic treatment对症治疗synergism协同作用synergists协同剂synthesis of bioconvertible Prod生物转化前体药物的合成synthesis of lipophilic analogs脂质类物质的合成Synthesis of prodrugs前体药物的合成synthetic drugs合成药物syrups糖浆剂Ttablet hardness片剂硬度tablets片剂tachyphylaxis快速耐受tacking strength快粘力talc滑石粉tap density振实密度target cell靶细胞targetable drug delivery向靶给药targeting drug system(TDS)靶向给药系统TDDS经皮传递系统technology of pharmaceutics制剂学TEM透射电镜tensile strength(Ts)抗张强度teratogenic test致畸试验teratogen致畸物the Merck index默克索引the technique of sterilization灭菌技术theory of depletion stabilization空缺稳定理论therapeutic action治疗作用therapeutic dose治疗量therapeutic drug monitoring;TDM治疗药物临测therapeutic equivalence治疗等效(值)therapeutic index TI治疗指数thermal energy温热热能法threshold dose阈剂量thumb tack test拇指实验time clock定时钟time controlled explosive system时控-突释系统time-effect relationship时效关系tincture酊剂tincture酊剂titer抗体滴度titration curve滴定曲线titration滴定tolerance耐受性topochemical reactions局部化学反应toroches口含片toxic response;toxic reaction毒性反应toxicology毒理学trace element微量元素transdermal therapeutic system反向靶向transfersome传递体transmitter递质tricarboxylic acid cycle三羧酸循环true density真密度TTS经皮治疗制剂tween聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯Uunder distribution筛下分布uniform design均匀设计Vvaginal tablets阴道片vander walls力范德华力vaselin凡士林vertebra caval route脊椎腔注射viscoelasticity粘弹性viscosity coefficient粘度系数viscosity curve粘度曲线viscosity粘度viscosity粘性void ratio空隙比volume basis体积基准volume by volume concentration体积比浓度Wwet bulb temperature湿球温度Wet granulation湿法制粒wetting润湿性wool fat anhydrous无水羊毛脂wool fat羊毛脂World Health Organization;WHO世界卫生组织。
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生物药剂学与药物动力学专业词汇
生物药剂学与药物动力学专业词汇※<A>Absolute bioavailability, F 绝对生物利用度Absorption 吸收Absorption pharmacokinetics 吸收动力学Absorption routes 吸收途径Absorption rate 吸收速率Absorption rate constant 吸收速率常数Absorptive epithelium 吸收上皮Accumulation 累积Accumulation factor 累积因子Accuracy 准确度Acetylation 乙酰化Acid glycoprotein 酸性糖蛋白Active transport 主动转运Atomic absorption spectrometry 原子吸收光谱法Additive 加和型Additive errors 加和型误差Adipose 脂肪Administration protocol 给药方案Administration route 给药途径Adverse reaction 不良反应Age differences 年龄差异Akaike’s information criterion, AIC AIC判据Albumin 白蛋白All-or-none response 全或无效应Amino acid conjugation 氨基酸结合Analog 类似物Analysis of variance, ANOVA ANOVA方差分析Anatomic Volume 解剖学体积Antagonism 拮抗作用Antiproliferation assays 抑制增殖法Apical membrane 顶端表面Apoprotein 载脂蛋白脱辅基蛋白Apparatus 仪器Apparent volume of distribution 表观分布容积Area under the curve, AUC 曲线下面积Aromatisation 芳构化Artery 动脉室Artifical biological membrane 人工生物膜Aryl 芳基Ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸维生素C Assistant in study design 辅助实验设计Average steady-state plasma drug concentration 平均稳态血浆药物浓度Azo reductase 含氮还原酶※<B>Backward elimination 逆向剔除Bacteria flora 菌丛Basal membrane 基底膜Base structural model 基础结构模型Basolateral membrane 侧底膜Bayesian estimation 贝易斯氏评估法Bayesian optimization 贝易斯优化法Bile 胆汁Billiary clearance 胆汁清除率Biliary excretion 胆汁排泄Binding 结合Binding site 结合部位Bioactivation 生物活化Bioavailability, BA 生物利用度Bioequivalence, BE 生物等效性Biological factors 生理因素Biological half life 生物半衰期Biological specimen 生物样品Biomembrane limit 膜限速型Biopharmaceutics 生物药剂学Bioequivalency criteria 生物等效性判断标准Biotransformation 生物转化Biowaiver 生物豁免Blood brain barrier, BBB BBB血脑屏障Blood clearance 血液清除率Blood flow rate-limited models 血流速度限速模型Blood flux in tissue 组织血流量Body fluid 体液Buccal absorption of drug 口腔用药的吸收Buccal mucosa 口腔粘膜颊粘膜Buccal spray formulation 口腔喷雾制剂※<C>Capacity limited 容量限制Carrier mediated transport 载体转运Catenary model 链状模型Caucasion 白种人Central compartment 中央室Characteristic 特点Chelate 螯合物Chinese Traditional medicine products 中药制剂Cholesterol esterase 胆固醇酯酶Chromatogram 色谱图Circulation 循环Classification 分类Clearance 清除率Clinical testing in first phase I期临床试验Clinical testing in second phase Ⅱ期临床试验Clinical testing in third phase Ⅲ期临床试验Clinical trial 临床试验Clinical trial simulation 临床实验计划仿真Clockwise hysteresis loop 顺时针滞后回线Collection 采集Combined administration 合并用药Combined errors 结合型误差Common liposomes, CL 普通脂质体Compartment models 隔室模型Compartments 隔室Competitive interaction 竞争性相互作用Complements 补体Complex 络合物Confidential interval 置信区间Conjugation with glucuronic acid 葡萄糖醛酸结合Controlled-release preparations 控释制剂Control stream 控制文件Conventional tablet 普通片Convergence 收敛Convolution 卷积Corresponding relationship 对应关系Corticosteroids 皮质甾体类Counter-clockwise hysteresis loop 逆时针滞后回线Countermeasure 对策Course in infusion period 滴注期间Covariance 协方差Covariates 相关因素Creatinine 肌酐Creatinine clearance 肌酐清除率Cytochrome P450, CYP450 细胞色素P450 Cytoplasm 细胞质Cytosis 胞饮作用Cytosol 胞浆胞液质※<D>Data File 数据文件Data Inspection 检视数据Deamination 脱氨基Deconvolution 反卷积Degree of fluctuation, DF DF波动度Delayed release preparations 迟释制剂Desaturation 降低饱和度Desmosome 桥粒Desulfuration 脱硫Detoxication 解毒Diagnosis 诊断Diffusion 扩散作用Dietary factors 食物因素Displacement 置换作用Disposition 处置Dissolution 溶解作用Distribution 分布Dosage adjustment 剂量调整Dosage form 剂型Dosage form design 剂型设计Dosage regimen 给药方案Dose 剂量dose-proportionality study 剂量均衡研究Dropping pills 滴丸Drug absorption via eyes 眼部用药物的吸收Drug binding 药物结合Drug concentration in plasma 血浆中药物浓度Drug Delivery System, DDS 药物给药系统Drug interaction 药物相互作用Drug-plasma protein binding ratio 药物—血浆蛋白结合率Drug-Protein Binding 药物蛋白结合Drug transport to foetus 胎内转运※<E>Efficient concentration range 有效浓度范围Efflux 外排Electrolyte 电解质Electro-spray ionization, ESI 电喷雾离子化Elimination 消除Elimination rate constant 消除速度常数Elongation 延长Emulsion 乳剂Endocytosis 入胞作用Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网Enterohepatic cycle 肠肝循环Enzyme 酶Enzyme induction 酶诱导Enzyme inhibition 酶抑制Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays ELISA 酶联免疫法Enzymes or carrier-mediated system 酶或载体—传递系统Epithelium cell 上皮细胞Epoxide hydrolase 环化物水解酶Erosion 溶蚀Excretion 排泄Exocytosis 出胞作用Exons 外显子Experimental design 实验设计Experimental procedures 实验过程Exponential errors 指数型误差Exposure-response studies 疗效研究Extended least squares, ELS 扩展最小二乘法Extended-release preparations 缓控释制剂Extent of absorption 吸收程度External predictability 外延预见性Extraction ratio 抽取比Extract recovery rate 提取回收率Extrapolation 外推法Extravascular administration 血管外给药※<F>F test F检验Facilitated diffusion 促进扩散Factors of dosage forms 剂型因素Fasting 禁食Fibronectin 纤粘连蛋白First order rate 一级速度First Moment 一阶矩First order absorption 一级吸收First-order conditional estimation, FOCE 一级条件评估法First-order estimation, FO 一级评估法Fiest-order kinetics 一级动力学First pass effect 首过作用首过效应Fixed-effect parameters 固定效应参数Flavoprotein reductaseNADPH-细胞色素还原酶附属黄素蛋白还原酶Flow-through cell dissolution method 流室法Fluorescent detection method 荧光检测法Fraction of steady-state plasma drug concentration 达稳分数Free drug 游离药物Free drug concentration 游离药物浓度※<G>Gap junction 有隙结合Gas chromatography, GC 气相色谱法Gasrtointestinal tract, GI tract 胃肠道Gender differences 性别差异Generalized additive modeling, GAM 通用迭加模型化法Glimepiride 谷胱甘肽Global minimum 整体最小值Glomerular filtration 肾小球过滤Glomerular filtration rate, GFR 肾小球过滤率Glucuonide conjugation 葡萄糖醛酸结合Glutathione conjugation 谷胱甘肽结合Glycine conjugation 甘氨酸结合Glycocalyx 多糖—蛋白质复合体Goodness of Fit 拟合优度Graded response 梯度效应Graphic method 图解法Gut wall clearance肠壁清除率※<H>Half life 半衰期Health volunteers 健康志愿者Hemodialysis 血液透析Hepatic artery perfusion administration 肝动脉灌注给药Hepatic clearance, Clh 肝清除率Hierarchical Models 相同系列药物动力学模型High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC 高效液相色谱Higuchi equation Higuchi 方程Homologous 类似Human liver cytochrome P450 人类肝细胞色素P450 Hydrolysis 水解Hydroxylation 羟基化Hysteresis 滞后Hysteresis of plasma drug concentration 血药浓度滞后于药理效应Hysteresis of response 药理效应滞后于血药浓度※<I>Immunoradio metrec assays, IRMA 免疫放射定量法Incompatibility 配伍禁忌Independent 无关,独立Individual parameters 个体参数Individual variability 个体差异Individualization of drug dosage regimen 给药方案的个体化Inducer 诱导剂Induction 诱导Infusion 输注Inhibition 抑制Inhibitor 抑制剂Initial dose 速释部分Initial values 初始值Injection sites 注射部位Insulin 胰岛素Inter-compartmental clearance 隔室间清除率Inter-individual model 个体间模型Inter-individual random effects 个体间随机效应Inter-individual variability 个体间变异性Intermittence intravenous infusion 间歇静脉输液Internal predictability 内延预见性Inter-occasion random effects 实验间随机效应Intestinal bacterium flora 肠道菌丛Intestinal metabolism 肠道代谢Intra-individual model 个体内模型Intra-individual variability 个体内变异性Intramuscular administration 肌内给药Intramuscular injection 肌内注射Intra-peritoneal administration 腹腔给药Intravenous administration 静脉给药Intravenous infusion 静脉输液Intravenous injection 静脉注射Intrinsic clearance固有清除率内在清除率Inulin 菊粉In vitro experiments 体外试验In vitro–In vivo correlation, IVIVC 体外体内相关关系In vitro mean dissolution time, MDT vitro 体外平均溶出时间In vivo Mean dissolution time, MDT vivo 体内平均溶出时间Ion exchange 离子交换Isoform 异构体Isozyme 同工酶※<K>Kerckring 环状皱褶Kidney 肾※<L>Lag time 滞后时间Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换Lateral intercellular fluid 侧细胞间隙液Lateral membrane 侧细胞膜Least detection amount 最小检测量Linearity 线性Linear models 线性模型Linear regression method 线性回归法Linear relationship 线性关系Lipoprotein 脂蛋白Liposomes 脂质体Liver flow 肝血流Local minimum 局部最小值Loading dose 负荷剂量Logarithmic models 对数模型Long circulation time liposomes 长循环脂质体Loo-Riegelman method Loo-Riegelman法Lowest detection concentration 最低检测浓度Lowest limit of quantitation 定量下限Lowest steady-state plasma drug concentration 最低稳态血药浓度Lung clearance 肺清除率Lymphatic circulation 淋巴循环Lymphatic system 淋巴系统※<M>Maintenance dose 维持剂量Mass balance study 质量平衡研究Masticatory mucosa 咀嚼粘膜Maximum likelihood 最大似然性Mean absolute prediction error, MAPE 平均绝对预测误差Mean absorption time, MAT 平均吸收时间Mean disintegration time, MDIT 平均崩解时间Mean dissolution time, MDT 平均溶出时间Mean residence time, MRT 平均驻留时间Mean sojourn time 平均逗留时间Mean squares 均方Mean transit time 平均转运时间Membrane-limited models 膜限速模型Membrane-mobile transport 膜动转运Membrane transport 膜转运Metabolism 代谢Metabolism enzymes 代谢酶Metabolism locations 代谢部位Metabolites 代谢物Metabolites clearance, Clm 代谢物清除率Method of residuals 残数法剩余法Methylation 甲基化Michaelis-Menten equation 米氏方程Michaelis-Menten constant 米氏常数Microbial assays 微生物检定法Microsomal P-450 mixed-function oxygenases 肝微粒体P-450混合功能氧化酶Microspheres 微球Microvilli 微绒毛Minimum drug concentration in plasma 血浆中最小药物浓度Mixed effects modeling 混合效应模型化Mixed-function oxidase, MFO 混合功能氧化酶Models 模型Modeling efficiency 模型效能Model validation 模型验证Modified release preparations 调释制剂Molecular mechanisms 分子机制Mono-exponential equation 单指数项公式Mono-oxygenase 单氧加合酶Mucous membrane injury 粘膜损伤Multi-compartment models 多室模型延迟分布模型Multi-exponential equation 多指数项公式Multifactor analysis of variance, multifactor ANOVA 多因素方差分析Multiple dosage 多剂量给药Multiple-dosage function 多剂量函数Multiple-dosage regimen 多剂量给药方案Multiple intravenous injection 多次静脉注射Myoglobin 肌血球素※<N>Naive average data, NAD 简单平均数据法Naive pool data, NPD 简单合并数据法Nanoparticles 纳米粒Nasal cavity 鼻腔Nasal mucosa 鼻粘膜National Institute of Health 美国国立卫生研究所Nephron 肾原Nephrotoxicity 肾毒性No hysteresis 无滞后Non-compartmental analysis, NCA 非隔室模型法Non-compartmental assistant Technology 非隔室辅助技术Nonionized form 非离子型Nonlinear mixed effects models, NONMEM 非线性混合效应模型Nonlinear pharmacokinetics 非线性药物动力学Non-linear relationship 非线性关系Nonparametric test 非参数检验※<O>Objective function, OF 目标函数Observed values 观测值One-compartment model 一室模型(单室模型)Onset 发生Open randomized two-way crossover design 开放随机两路交叉实验设计Open crossover randomized design 开放交叉随机设计Oral administration 口服给药Ordinary least squares, OLS 常规最小二乘法Organ 器官Organ clearance 器官清除率Original data 原始数据Osmosis 渗透压作用Outlier 偏离数据Outlier consideration 异常值的考虑Over-parameterized 过度参数化Oxidation 氧化Oxidation reactions 氧化反应※<P>Paracellular pathway 细胞旁路通道Parameters 参数Passive diffusion 被动扩散Pathways 途径Patient 病人Peak concentration 峰浓度Peak concentration of drug in plasma 血浆中药物峰浓度Poly-peptide 多肽Percent of absorption 吸收百分数Percent of fluctuation, PF 波动百分数Perfused liver 灌注肝脏Period 周期Peripheral compartments 外周室Peristalsis 蠕动Permeability of cell membrane 细胞膜的通透性P-glycoprotein, p-gp P-糖蛋白Phagocytosis 吞噬Pharmaceutical dosage form 药物剂型pharmaceutical equivalents 药剂等效性Pharmacokinetic models 药物动力学模型Pharmacokinetic physiological models 药物动力学的生理模型Pharmacological effects 药理效应Pharmacologic efficacy 药理效应Pharmacokinetics, PK 药物动力学Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic link model 药物动力学-药效动力学统一模型Pharmacodynamics, PD 药效动力学Pharmacodynamic model 药效动力学模型Phase II metabolism 第II相代谢Phase I metabolism 第I相代谢pH-partition hypothesis pH分配假说Physiological function 生理功能Physiological compartment models 生理房室模型Physiological pharmacokinetic models 生理药物动力学模型Physiological pharmacokinetics 生理药物动力学模型Pigment 色素Physicochemical factors 理化因素Physicochemical property of drug 药物理化性质Physiological factors 生理因素Physiology 生理Physiological pharmacokinetic models 生理药物动力学模型Pinocytosis 吞噬Plasma drug concentration 血浆药物浓度Plasma drug concentration-time curve 血浆药物浓度-时间曲线Plasma drug-protein binding 血浆药物蛋白结合Plasma metabolite concentration 血浆代谢物浓度Plasma protein binding 血浆蛋白结合Plateau level 坪浓度Polymorphism 多态性Population average pharmacokinetic parameters 群体平均动力学参数Population model 群体模型Population parameters 群体参数Population pharmacokinetics 群体药物动力学Post-absorptive phase 吸收后相Post-distributive phase 分布后相Posterior probability 后发概率practical pharmacokinetic program 实用药代动力学计算程序Precision 精密度Preclinical 临床前的Prediction errors 预测偏差Prediction precision 预测精度Predicted values 拟合值Preliminary structural model 初始结构模型Primary active transport 原发性主动转运Principle of superposition 叠加原理Prior distribution 前置分布Prodrug 前体药物Proliferation assays 细胞增殖法Proportional 比例型Proportional errors 比例型误差Prosthehetic group 辅基Protein 蛋白质Pseudo-distribution equilibrium 伪分布平衡Pseudo steady state 伪稳态Pulmonary location 肺部Pulsatile drug delivery system 脉冲式释药系统※<Q、R>QQuality controlled samples 质控样品Quality control 质量控制Quick tissue 快分布组织RRadioimmuno assays, RIA 放射免疫法Random error model 随机误差模型Rapid intravenous injection 快速静脉注射Rate constants 速度常数Rate method 速度法Re-absorption 重吸收Receptor location 受体部位Recovery 回收率Rectal absorption 直肠吸收Rectal blood circulation 直肠部位的血液循环Rectal mucosa 直肠黏膜Reductase 还原酶Reduction 还原Reductive metabolism 还原代谢Reference individual 参比个体Reference product 参比制剂Relative bioavailability, Fr 相对生物利用度Release 释放Release medium 释放介质Release standard 释放度标准Renal 肾的Renal clearance, Clr 肾清除率Renal excretion 肾排泄Renal failure 肾衰Renal impairment 肾功能衰竭Renal tubular 肾小管Renal tubular re-absorption 肾小管重吸收Renal tubular secretion 肾小管分泌Repeatability 重现性Repeated one-point method 重复一点法Requirements 要求Research field 研究内容Reside 驻留Respiration 呼吸Respiration organ 呼吸器官Response 效应Residuals 残留误差Residual random effects 残留随机效应Reversal 恢复Rich Data 富集数据Ritschel one-point method Ritschel 一点法Rotating bottle method 转瓶法Rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum 粗面内质网Routes of administration 给药途径※<S、T>SSafety and efficacy therapy 安全有效用药Saliva 唾液Scale up 外推Scale-Up/Post-Approval Changes, SUPAC 放大/审批后变化Second moment 二阶矩Secondary active transport 继发性主动转运Secretion 分泌Sensitivity 灵敏度Serum creatinine 血清肌酐Sigma curve 西格玛曲线Sigma-minus method 亏量法(总和减量法)Sigmoid curve S型曲线Sigmoid model Hill’s方程Simulated design 模拟设计Single-dose administration 单剂量(单次)给药Single dose response 单剂量效应Sink condition 漏槽条件Skin 皮肤Slow Tissue 慢分布组织Smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum 滑面内质网Soluble cell sap fraction 可溶性细胞液部分Solvent drag effect 溶媒牵引效应Stability 稳定性Steady-state volume of distribution 稳态分布容积Sparse data 稀疏数据Special dosage forms 特殊剂型Special populations 特殊人群Specialized mucosa 特性粘膜Species 种属Species differences 种属差异Specificity 特异性专属性Square sum of residual error 残差平方和Stagnant layer 不流动水层Standard curve 标准曲线Standard two stage, STS 标准两步法Statistical analysis 统计分析Statistical moments 统计矩Statistical moment theory 统计矩原理Steady state 稳态Steady state plasma drug concentration 稳态血药浓度Stealth liposomes, SL 隐形脂质体Steroid 类固醇Steroid-sulfatases 类固醇-硫酸酯酶Structure 结构Structure and function of GI epithelial cells 胃肠道上皮细胞的构造与功能Subcutaneous injections 皮下注射Subgroup 亚群体Subjects 受试者Sublingual administration 舌下给药Sublingual mucosa 舌下粘膜Subpopulation 亚群Substrate 底物Sulfate conjugation 硫酸盐结合Sulfation 硫酸结合Sum of squares 平方和Summation 相加Superposition method 叠加法Susceptible subject 易受影响的患者Sustained-release preparations 缓释制剂Sweating 出汗Synergism 协同作用Systemic clearance 全身清除率TTargeting 靶向化Taylor expansion 泰勒展开Tenous capsule 眼球囊Test product 试验制剂Therapy drug monitoring, TDM 治疗药物监测Therapeutic index 治疗指数Thermospray 热喷雾Three-compartment models 三室模型Though concentration 谷浓度Though concentration during steady state 稳态谷浓度Thromboxane 血栓素Tight junction 紧密结合Tissue 组织Tissue components 组织成分Tissue interstitial fluid 组织间隙Tolerance 耐受性Topping effect 尖峰效应Total clearance 总清除率Toxication and emergency treatment 中毒急救Transcellular pathway 经细胞转运通道Transdermal absorption 经皮肤吸收Transdermal drug delivery 经皮给药Transdermal penetration 经皮渗透Transport 转运Transport mechanism of drug 药物的转运机理Trapezoidal rule 梯形法Treatment 处理Trial Simulator 实验计划仿真器Trophoblastic epithelium 营养上皮层Two-compartment models 二室模型Two one sided tests 双单侧t检验Two period 双周期Two preparations 双制剂Two-way crossover bioequivalence studies 双周期交叉生物等效性研究Typical value 典型值※<U~Z>UUnwanted 非预期的Uniformity 均一性Unit impulse response 单位刺激反应Unit line 单位线Urinary drug concentration 尿药浓度Urinary excretion 尿排泄Urinary excretion rate 尿排泄速率VVagina 阴道Vaginal Mucosa 阴道黏膜Validation 校验Variance of mean residence time, VRT 平均驻留时间的方差Vein 静脉室Villi 绒毛Viscre 内脏Volumes of distribution 分布容积volunteers or patients studies 人体试验WWagner method Wagner法Wagner-Nelson method Wagner-Nelson法Waiver requirements 放弃(生物等效性研究)要求Washout period 洗净期Weibull distribution function Weibull分布函数Weighted Least Squares WLS加权最小二乘法Weighted residuals 加权残留误差XXenobiotic 外源物, 异生素ZZero Moment 零阶矩Zero-order absorption 零级吸收Zero-order kinetics 零级动力学Zero order rate 零级速度Zero-order release 零级释放。
常用制药GMP英文词汇
国际组织ISO(International Organization for Standardization):国际标准化组织日常办事机构是中央秘书处,设在瑞士日内瓦WHO(World Health Organization):世界卫生组织是联合国属下的专门机构,国际最大的公共卫生组织,总部设于瑞士日内瓦PIC/S(Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention/Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme):国际医药品稽查协约组织由欧洲自由贸易区(EFTA)组建ICH(International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use):人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会由欧盟(EU)、欧洲制药工业协会联合会(EFPIA)、日本厚生省(MHW)、日本制药工业协会(JPMA)、美国FDA、美国药物研究生产联合会(PRMA)等机构组成WHO、EFTA、加拿大卫生保健局(CHPB)为观察员ISPE(International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering):国际制药工程协会是致力于培训制药领域专家并提升制药行业水准的世界最大的非盈利性组织之一,在美国坦帕州设有全球总部,在布鲁塞尔设有欧洲总部,亚洲总部在新加坡HHS(United States Department of Health and Human Services):美国卫生及公共服务部(美国卫生部)FDA(Food and Drug Administration):美国食品药品监督管理局(HHS下属机构)PDA(Parenteral Drug Association):美国注射剂协会EPA(Environmental Protection Agency):美国国家环境保护局CDER(Center for Drug Evaluation and Research):FDA药物评价与研究中心EMEA(The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products):欧洲药物评审组织MHW(Ministry of Health and Welfare):日本厚生省,现改为厚生劳动省MHLW(Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare),负责医疗卫生和社会保障的主要部门D&B(Dun & Bradstreet):邓白氏公司DUNS(Data Universal Numbering System):邓白氏公司提供的唯一的公司代号,用于信用评级等在SMF文件中会用到ATCC(American Type Culture Collection):美国模式培养物集存库ASTM(American Society for Testing Materials):美国材料与试验协会法规GMP(Good Manufacturing Practice):药品良好生产规范cGMP(Current Good Manufacture Practices):动态药品生产管理规范,即现行的GLP(Good Laboratory Practice):药物非临床研究质量管理规范,及优良实验室规范GSP(Good Supplying Practice):药品经营质量管理规范,及良好的药品供应规范GAP(Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs):中药材生产质量管理规范GDP(Good Documentation Practice):良好文件管理GEP(Good Engineering Practice):工程设计规范GAMP(Good Automated Manufacturing Practice):优良自动化生产规范USP(united states pharmacopeia):美国药典EP(European Pharmacopeia):欧洲药典JP(Japanese Pharmacopoeia):日本药典CFR(Code of Federal Regulations):美国联邦法律CFR 21 Part 11(Code of Federal Registry Part11):联邦法规法律标题21第11部分CEP/COS(C ertificate o f S uitability to the monographs of E uropean P harmacopoeia):欧洲药典适应性认证证书CEP认证,COS证书CTD(Common Technical Document):国际注册用常规技术文件CTD文件是国际公认的文件编写格式,用来制作一个向药品注册机构递交的结构完善的注册申请文件EHS(Environment、Health、Safety):环境-健康-安全管理体系HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point):(保健食品)危害分析和关键控制点REACH(REGULATION concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals):欧盟规章《化学品注册、评估、许可和限制》,欧盟建立的,并于2007年6月1日起实施的化学品监管体系ICH法规ICH-Q1A:新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验ICH-Q1B:稳定性试验:新原料药和制剂的光稳定性试验ICH-Q1C:稳定性试验:新剂型的要求ICH-Q1D:新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验的括号法和矩阵法设计ICH-Q1E:稳定性数据的评价ICH-Q1F:气候带Ⅲ和Ⅳ注册申请的稳定性数据ICH-Q2A:分析步骤验证:正文ICH-Q2B:分析步骤验证:方法学ICH-Q3A:原料药中的杂质ICH-Q3B:新制剂中的杂质ICH-Q3C:杂质;残留溶剂的指导原则ICH-Q4:药典ICH-Q4A:药典的同一化ICH-Q4B:各地区使用的药典正文评估和建议ICH-Q5A:来源于人或动物细胞系的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评价ICH-Q5B:生物技术产品的质量:rDNA衍生蛋白质产品生产细胞的表达构建体分析ICH-Q5C:生物技术产品的质量:生物制品/生物技术产品的稳定性试验ICH-Q5D:用于生物技术产品及生物制品生产的细胞基质的来源和鉴定ICH-Q5E:生物技术产品/生物制品在工艺变更时的可比性ICH-Q6A:质量标准新原料药和制剂的检测以及可接受标准:化学物质ICH-Q6B:质量标准:生物技术产品及生物制品的检测方法和可接受标准ICH-Q7:原料药良好制造规范(ICH-Q7A的新版)ICH-Q7A:原料药的GMP规范ICH-Q8:药物研发指南ICH-Q9:质量风险管理ICH- Q10(PQS):药物质量体系ICH-Q11:原料药研发与生产常见术语QA(Quality Assurance):质量保证QC(Quality Control):质量控制CQA(Critical Quality Attribute):关键质量属性QRM(Quality Risk Management):质量风险管理IPC(Inproceics Quality Control):制程品质控制/中控OOS(Out of Specification):检验结果超标OOT(Out of Trend):超趋势结果OOL(Out of Limit):超出极限的结果,如温湿度等OOE(Out of Expectation):超期望结果SOP(Standard Operation Procedure):标准操作规程DMF(Drug Master File):药品主文件SMF(Site Master File):工厂主文件URS(User Requirement Specification):用户需求标准FAT(Factory Acceptance Test):工厂验收测试SAT(Site Acceptance Test):现场验收测试FS(Functional Specification):功能标准DS(Design Specification):设计标准DQ(Design Qualification):设计确认IQ(Installation Qualification):安装确认OQ(Operational Qualification):运行确认PQ(Performance Qualification):性能确认RQ(Requalification):再确认CAPA(Corrective Action & Preventive Action):纠正预防系统,Q10的四大要素之一QbD(Quality by Design):质量源于设计PMC(Product Material Control):生产物料控制PC生产控制;MC物料控制CMC(Chemistry and manufacture control):生产和化学控制APR(Annual Products Review):年度质量回顾CNC(Controlled Non-Classified Area):受控非洁净区应用技术APS(Aseptic Processing Simulation):培养基模拟灌装CIP(Cleaning in Place):原位清洗(全自动,如针剂配制系统)WIP(Washing in Place):在线清洁(半自动,需要手动的拆卸,如流化床)SIP(Sterilization in Place):在线灭菌BFS(Blowing Filling and Sealing):吹-灌-封PAT(Process Analytical Technology):过程分析技术PLC(Programmable Logic Controller):可编程逻辑控制EDI(Electrodeionization):一种制备纯化水的离子交换技术MAC(Minimum Acceptable Cycle):最低可接受程序SAM(Steam-Air Mixture):蒸汽空气混合气体灭菌程序WIT(Water Intrusion Test):水侵入测试(东富龙疏水性滤器的在线进行完整性测试的方法)BP(Bubble Point Test):起跑点试验FF(Forward Flow/Diffusive Flow):前进流、扩散流试验HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography):高效液相色谱GC(Gas Chromatography):气相色谱FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy):傅氏转换红外线光谱分析仪MS(Mass Spectroscopy):质谱LC/MS:液质联用GC/MS:气质联用TOC(Total Organic Carbon):总有机碳NVR(Nonvolatile Residue):不挥发残留物RFS(Ready for Sterilization):免洗胶塞RFU(Ready for Use):即用胶塞物品名称SVP(Small Volume Parenteral):小容量注射剂LVP(Large Volume Parenteral):大容量注射剂APA(Aseptic Processing Area):无菌区P&ID(Piping and Instrument Diagram):工艺管道仪表流程图PFD(Process Flow Diagram):工艺流程图UFD(Utility Flow Diagram):公用工程流程图HVAC(Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning):供热空气调节净化系统HEPA(High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter):高效过滤器FFU(Fan Filter Units):风机滤器单元AHU(Air Handling Unit):空气处理单元COA(Certificate of Analysis):分析证书/检验报告书/检验报告单BPR(Batch Production Record):批生产记录API(Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients):药物活性成分,通常指的原料药WFI(Water for Injection):注射用水DOP:为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,HEPA检漏用的气溶胶PAO:聚-α-烯烃,HEPA检漏用的气溶胶IBC(I ntermediate Bulk Container):中型散装容器FBD(Fluid Bed Dryer):流化床IRTD(Intelligent Resistance Temperature Detector):智能热电阻温度探头,标准温度探头SV(Solenoid Valve):电磁阀FV:气动阀P/HG(Porous/Hard Goods Loads):多孔/坚硬装载,包括过滤器、胶塞、软管、拖把、工作服、塞子、清洁器具或设备的更换部件。
生物制药定义-概述说明以及解释
生物制药定义-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分的内容旨在介绍生物制药的基本概念和背景信息。
以下是一个可能的开篇段落:引言:生物制药是一门利用生物技术生产药物的学科,它在现代医学领域扮演着举足轻重的角色。
随着科学技术的不断发展和生物学的深入研究,生物制药不仅提供了新药的研发渠道,也为世界范围内的患者带来了更多的治疗选择。
通过遗传工程和细胞培养等技术手段,生物制药能够制造出各种高效且安全的药物,对人类健康和生活质量的改善起到了至关重要的作用。
生物制药的出现可以追溯到20世纪70年代,当时人们首次成功将基因工程技术应用于药物生产。
这一突破性的进展使得生物制药领域迅速崛起,并得到了广泛的关注和研究。
相比传统的化学合成药物,生物制药具有许多独特优势。
首先,生物制药可以通过对生物大分子的定向调控,实现对药物效果的精确控制。
其次,生物制药的生产工艺更为环保和可持续,减少了对化学合成药物原料的依赖。
此外,生物制药大多来源于天然生物体或其组成部分,因此相对较易获得,而且更加接近自然产物,减少了不良反应的可能性。
在今天的医药领域,生物制药已经成为了一个不可或缺的领域。
通过生物制药技术,越来越多的疾病得到了有效的治疗,包括癌症、糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎等难以治愈的疾病。
此外,生物制药还为人类带来了全新的治疗方法,如基因治疗、细胞治疗等,这些新技术将极大地改变未来医学的面貌。
在接下来的文章中,我们将深入探讨生物制药的定义及其应用领域,并总结其在医药领域的重要性。
希望通过本文的阐述,读者能够更全面地了解并关注这个快速发展的领域,以及未来生物制药可能的发展方向。
1.2 文章结构文章结构是指文章内容的组织框架和安排方式,它决定了文章的逻辑性和条理性。
本文的结构共分为引言、正文和结论三个部分。
引言部分主要包括概述、文章结构和目的三个方面。
首先,我们会对生物制药这一主题进行概述,介绍生物制药的基本概念和产生背景。
接着,我们将详细说明本文的结构,向读者展示整篇文章的脉络和组成部分。
医药研发常用英语词汇大全
医药研发常用英语词汇大全以下是一些医药研发领域常用的英语词汇,这些词汇涵盖了药物研发、临床试验、生物技术等多个方面。
请注意,这只是一个基本的参考,具体领域可能有更专业的术语。
1.Drug Discovery and Development(药物发现与开发):•Drug target: 药物靶点•Lead compound: 引导化合物•High-throughput screening: 高通量筛选•Hit compound: 命中化合物•Medicinal chemistry: 药物化学•Pharmacokinetics: 药代动力学•Pharmacodynamics: 药效动力学•Preclinical studies: 临床前研究2.Clinical Trials(临床试验):•Informed consent:知情同意•Placebo: 安慰剂•Randomized controlled trial (RCT): 随机对照试验•Double-blind study: 双盲研究•Phase I/II/III trials: Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ期临床试验•Adverse events: 不良事件•Efficacy: 疗效•Safety: 安全性3.Biotechnology(生物技术):•Recombinant DNA technology: 重组DNA技术•Genetically modified organism (GMO): 转基因生物•Cloning: 克隆•Gene therapy: 基因治疗•Stem cells: 干细胞•Bioprocessing: 生物加工•Bioinformatics: 生物信息学4.Regulatory Affairs(法规事务):•Regulatory submission: 法规提交•Investigational New Drug (IND): 新药申请•New Drug Application (NDA): 新药上市申请•Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP): 良好生产规范•Good Clinical Practice (GCP): 良好临床实践5.Pharmacology(药理学):•Receptor: 受体•Agonist: 激动剂•Antagonist: 拮抗剂•Pharmacogenetics: 药理遗传学•Toxicology: 毒理学6.Quality Control(质量控制):•Batch release: 批释放•Quality assurance: 质量保证•Certificate of Analysis (CoA): 分析证书•Stability testing: 稳定性测试这些词汇只是医药研发领域中的一小部分,具体的词汇会根据不同的子领域而有所不同。
FDA,GMP,ICH临床实验专业英语词汇互译
FDA,GMP,ICH临床实验专业英语词汇互译FDA,GMP,ICH临床实验专业英语词汇互译FDA常用词中英对照FDA(food and drug adminisration)美国)食品药品监督管理局NDA(new drug application):新药申请ANDA(abbreviated new drug application):简化新药申请EP(export application):出口药申请(申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品)treatment IND:研究中的新药用于治疗abbreviated(new)drug:简化申请的新药DMF(drug master file):药物主文件(持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料,可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备,加工,包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备,生产过程或物品.只有在DMF 持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA,FDA在审查IND, NDA,ANDA时才能参考其内容)holderMF持有者CFR(code of federal regulation)美国)联邦法规PANEL:专家小组batch production:批量生产;分批生产batch production records:生产批号记录post or pre-market surveillance:销售前或销售后监督informed consent:知情同意(患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验)prescription drug:处方药OTC drug(over—the—counter drug):非处方药U.S. public health service:美国卫生福利部NIH(national institute of health)美国)全国卫生研究所animal trail:动物试验accelerated approval:加速批准standard drug:标准药物investigator :研究人员;调研人员preparing and submitting:起草和申报submission:申报;递交benefit(s):受益risk(s):受害drug product:药物产品drug substance:原料药established name:确定的名称generic name:非专利名称proprietary name:专有名称;INN(international nonproprietary name):国际非专有名称narrative summary: 记叙体概要adverse effect:副作用adverse reaction:不良反应protocol:方案archival copy:存档用副本review copy:审查用副本official compendium:法定药典(主要指USP, NF).USP(the united state pharmacopeia):美国药典(现已和NF合并一起出版)NF(national formulary)美国)国家药品集official=pharmacopeial = compendial:药典的;法定的;官方的agency:审理部门(指FDA)sponsor:主办者(指负责并着手临床研究者)identity:真伪;鉴别;特性strength:规格;规格含量(每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量)labeled amount:标示量regulatory specification:质量管理规格标准(NDA提供)regulatory methodology:质量管理方法(FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤)regulatory methods validation:管理用分析方法的验证(FDA对NDA提供的方法进行验证)Dietary supplement:食用补充品ICH(International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICHuality-质量Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (Second Revision)新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验(第二版)Q1B: Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的光稳定性试验Q1C: Stability Testing for New Dosage Forms新制剂的稳定性试验Q1D: Bracketing and Matrixing Designs for Stability Testing of Drug Substances and Drug Products原料药和制剂稳定性试验的交叉和矩阵设计Q1E: Evaluation of Stability Data对稳定性数据的评估处理Q1F: Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in Climatic Zones III and IV在气候带III和IV,药物注册申请所提供的稳定性数据Q2A: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures分析程序的验证Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology分析程序的验证:方法学Q3A(R): Impurities in New Drug Substances (Revised Guideline)新原料药中的杂质(修订版)Q3B(R): Impurities in New Drug Products (Revised Guideline)新制剂中的杂质(修订版)Q3C: Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents杂质:残留溶剂指南Q3C(M): Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents (Maintenance)杂质:残留溶剂指南(修改内容)Q4: Pharmacopoeias药典Q4A: Pharmacopoeial Harmonisation 药典的协调Q4B: Regulatory Acceptance of Pharmacopoeial Interchangeability药典互替在法规上的可接受性Q5A: Viral Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products Derived from Cell Lines of Human or Animal Origin来源于人或者动物细胞系的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评估Q5B: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the Expression Construct in Cells Used for Production of r-DNA Derived Protein Products生物技术产品的质量:源于重组DNA的蛋白质产品的生产中所用的细胞中的表达构建分析Q5C: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Stability Testing of Biotechnological/Biological Products生物技术产品的质量:生物技术/生物产品的稳定性试验Q5D: Derivation and Characterisation of Cell Substrates Used for Production of Biotechnological/Biological Products用于生产生物技术/生物产品的细胞底物的起源和特征描述Q5E: Comparability of Biotechnological/Biological Products Subject to Changes in Their Manufacturing Process基于不同生产工艺的生物技术产品/生物产品的可比较性Q6: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的质量规格Q6A: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New Drug Substances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances质量规格:新原料药和新制剂的检验程序和可接收标准:化学物质Q6B: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for Biotechnological/Biological Products质量规格:生物技术/生物产品的检验程序和可接收标准-- 作者:月萝兰魂-- 发布时间:2006-12-22 13:34:00--Q7: Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Ingredients活性药物成份的GMPQ7A: Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients活性药物成份的GMP指南Q8: Pharmaceutical Development药物研发Q9: Quality Risk Management质量风险管理ICH:Safety-安全S1A: Guideline on the Need for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究需要的指南S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性的检验S1C: Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究之剂量选择S1C(R): Addendum: Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes附录:极限剂量和有关注释的的补充S2A: Guidance on Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests for Pharmaceuticals受法规管辖的药物基因毒性检验的特定方面的指南S2B: Genotoxicity: A Standard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing for Pharmaceuticals 基因毒性:药物基因毒性检验的标准S3A: Note for Guidance on Toxicokinetics: The Assessment of Systemic Exposure in Toxicity Studies毒物代谢动力学指南的注释:毒性研究中的全身性暴露量的评估S3B: Pharmacokinetics: Guidance for Repeated Dose Tissue Distribution Studies药物代谢动力学:重复剂量的组织分布研究指南S4: Single Dose Toxicity Tests单剂量毒性检验S4A: Duration of Chronic Toxicity Testing in Animals (Rodent and Non-Rodent Toxicity Testing)动物体内慢性毒性持续时间的检验(啮齿动物和非啮齿动物毒性检验)S5A: Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验S5B(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Toxicity to Male Fertility: An Addendum to the Guideline on Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products 对男性生殖能力的毒性的指南的变动:药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验指南增加了一个附录S6: Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals生物技术生产的药物的临床前安全评价S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药的安全药理学研究S7B: The Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed Ventricular Repolarization(QT Interval Prolongation) By Human Pharmaceuticals药物延迟心室复极化(QT间期)潜在作用的非临床评价S8: Immunotoxicology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药免疫毒理学研究M3(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Non-Clinical Safety Studies for the Conduct of Human Clinical Trials for Pharmaceuticals药物的对人临床试验的非临床安全研究指南的变动E-Efficacy(有效)E1: The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for Drugs Intended for Long-Term Treatment of Non-Life-Threatening Conditions对用于无生命危险情况下长期治疗的药物进行临床安全评估的族群暴露量范围E2A: Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting临床安全数据管理:速报制度的定义和标准E2B(R): Revision of the E2B(M) ICH Guideline on Clinical Safety Data Management Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports个案安全报告送交的临床安全数据管理的数据要素指南(E2B(M))的修订版E2B (M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including: Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports临床安全数据管理的变动包括:个案安全报告送交的数据要素E2B(M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including Questions and Answers临床安全数据管理的变动,包括问答E2C: Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed Drugs临床安全数据管理:已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告Addendum to E2C: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed DrugsE2C的附录:已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告E2D: Post-Approval Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting批准后的安全数据管理:速报制度的定义和标准E2E: Pharmacovigilance Planning药物警戒计划E3: Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports临床研究报告的结构和内容E4: Dose-Response Information to Support Drug Registration支持药品注册的剂量-效应资料E5: Ethnic Factors in the Acceptability of Foreign Clinical Data引入海外临床数据时要考虑的人种因素E6: Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated GuidelineGCP:良好的临床规范:统一的指南E7: Studies in Support of Special Populations: Geriatrics对特定族群的支持的研究:老人病学E8: General Considerations for Clinical Trials对临床试验的总的考虑E9: Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials临床试验的统计原则E10: Choice of Control Group and Related Issues in Clinical Trials临床试验中控制组和有关课题的选择E11: Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Pediatric Population小儿科药物的临床调查E12A: Principles for Clinical Evaluation of New Antihypertensive Drugs新抗高血压药物的临床评价原则E14: The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs非抗心率失常药物的QT/QTc 间期和致心率失常潜在作用的临床评价Multidisciplinary Guidelines 多学科兼容的指南M1: Medical Terminology医学术语M2: Electronic Standards for Transmission of Regulatory Information (ESTRI)药政信息传递之电子标准M3: Timing of Pre-clinical Studies in Relation to Clinical Trials (See Safety Topics)有关临床试验的临床前研究的时间安排M4: The Common Technical Document (See CTD section for complete Status of the guidelines)通用技术文件(见有关CTD章节)M5: Data Elements and Standards for Drug Dictionaries药物词典的数据要素和标准临床试验常用的英文缩略语TTP: time-to-progression 疾病进展时间SAE: severity Adverse Event 严重不良事件AE: Adverse Event 不良事件-- 作者:月萝兰魂-- 发布时间:2006-12-22 13:34:00--SOP: Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程CRF: Case Report form 病例报告表DLT: 剂量限制毒性MTD: 最大耐受剂量KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status行为状态评分CR: complete response完全缓解PR: partial response部分缓解SD: 病情稳定PD: progressive disease病情进展CTC: 常用药物毒性标准IEC: independent ethics committee 独立伦理委员会IRB : institutional review board 伦理委员会CRA: 临床研究助理CRO: Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织DFS: Disease Free Survival 无病生存期OS: (Overall Survival) 总生存时间IC: Informed consent 知情同意ADR: Adverse Drug Reaction 不良反应GAP:Good Agricultural Practice 中药材种植管理规范GCP:Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP:Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验室管理规范GMP:Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范GSP:Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量管理规范GUP:Good Use Practice 药品使用质量管理规范PI rincipal investigator 主要研究者CI: Co-inveatigator 合作研究者SI :Sub-investigator 助理研究者COI :Coordinating investigtor 协调研究者DGMP: 医疗器械生产质量管理规范ICF: Informed consent form 知情同意书RCT : randomized controlled trial, 随机对照试验NRCCT: non-randomized concurrent controlled trial, 非随机同期对照试验EBM: evidence-based medicine 循证医学RCD: randomized cross-over disgn 随机交叉对照试验HCT: historial control trial, 历史对照研究RECIST: Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. 实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准QC: Quality Control质量控制UADR: Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction,非预期药物不良反应-- 作者:月萝兰魂-- 发布时间:2006-12-22 13:34:00--GMP英语PIC/S的全称为harmaceutical Inspection Convention/Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme, PIC/S(制药检查草案), 药品检查协会(PIC/S) ,也有人称PIC/S为医药审查会议/合作计划(PIC/S)PIC的权威翻译:药品生产检查相互承认公约API(Active Pharmaceutical Ingrediet) 原料药又称:活性药物组分AirLock 气闸Authorized Person 授权人Batch/Lot 批次Batch Number/Lot-Number 批号;Batch Numbering System 批次编码系统;Batch Records 批记录;Bulk Product 待包装品;Calibration 校正;Clean area洁净区;Consignmecnt(Delivery)托销药品.ABPI Association of the British Pharmaceutical IndustryADR Adverse Drug ReactionAE Adverse EventAIM Active Ingredient ManufacturerANDA Abbreviated New Drug ApplicationANOVA Analysis of VarianceASM: Active Substance ManufacturerATC Anatomical Therapeutic ChemicalATX Animal Test Exemption CertificateBANBritish Approved NameBIRABritish Institute of Regulatory AffairsBNF British National FormularyBP British PharmacopoeiaC of A Certificate of AnalysisC of S Certificate of SuitabilityCENTRE FOR DRUG EVALUATION (CDE)Centre for Pharmaceutical Administration (CPA)CMS Concerned Member StateCMS每个成员国COS Certificate of SuitabilityCPMP Committee for Proprietary Medicinal ProductsCRA Clinical Research AssociateCRF Case Report FormCRO Contract Research OrganisationCTA Clinical Trial ApplicationCTC Clinical Trial CertificateCTD Common Technical DocumentCTX Clinical Trials ExemptionDDD Defined Daily DoseDGC Daily Global ComparisonDIA Drug Information AssociationDMF Drug Master FileDrug Registration Branch (DR, Product Evaluation & Registration Division, CPA EDQM (European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines) 欧洲联盟药品质量指导委员会EEA 欧洲经济地区EGMA European Generics Medicine AssociationELA Established Licence ApplicationEMEA European Medicines Evaluation AgencyEMEA (European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products) 欧洲联盟药品评价机构EP European PharmacopoeiaEPAR European Public Assessment ReportsESRA European Society of Regulatory AffairsEuropean Pharmacopoeia Commission 欧洲药典委员会FDA Food and Drug Administrationfinal evaluation report (FER)free sale certificates (FSCs)Health Sciences Authority (HSA)HSA's Medicines Advisory Committee (MAC)IB Investigators BrochureICH International Conference for HarmonisationIDMC Independent Data-Monitoring CommitteeIEC Independent Ethics CommitteeIND Investigational New DrugINN International Non-proprietary NameInternational Conference on Harmonisation (ICH)IPC In Process ControlIRB Institutional Review BoardLICENCE HOLDERMA Marketing AuthorisationMAA Marketing Authorisation ApplicationMAA上市申请MAH Marketing Authorisation HolderMAH 销售许可持有者MCA Medicines Control AgencyMHW Ministry of Health and Welfare (Japan)MR Mutual RecognitionMRA 美国与欧盟的互认协议MRAs (Mutual Recognition Agreements) 互相认证同意MRFG Mutual Recognition Facilitation Group MRPMutual Recognition ProcedureNASNew Active SubstanceNCENew Chemical EntityNDANew Drug Applicationnew chemical entities (NCEs)new drug applications (NDAs)NSAID Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory DrugNTA Notice To ApplicantsOOS Out of SpecificationOTC Over The CounterPAGB Proprietary Association of Great BritainPh Eur European PharmacopoeiaPIL Patient Information LeafletPL Product LicencePOM Prescription Only MedicinePRODUCT OWNERPSU Periodic Safety UpdatesQA Quality AssuranceQC Quality ControlRAJ Regulatory Affairs JournalRMS Reference Member StateRMS相互认可另一成员国RSD Relative Standard DeviationRx Prescription OnlySAE Serious Adverse EventSMF Site Master FileSOP Standard Operating ProcedureSOP (STANDARD OPERATION PROCEDURE) 标准运作程序SPC/SmPC Summary of Product Characteristics summary of product characteristics(SPC)Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)USP US PharmacopoeiaVMF Veterinary Master FileVPC Veterinary Products CommitteeA.A.A Addition and Amendments 增补和修订AC Air Conditioner 空调器ADR Adverse Drug Reaction 药物不良反应AFDO Association of Food and Drug Officials 食品与药品官员协会(美国) ACC Accept 接受AQL Acceptable Quality Level 合格质量标准ADNA Abbreviated New Drug Application 简化的新药申请BOM Bill of Material 物料清单BPC Bulk pharmaceutical Chemiclls 原料药CBER Center for Biologics Evaluation Research 生物制品评价与研究中心CFU Colony Forming Unet 菌落形成单位DMF Drug Master File 药品管理档案CDER Cemter for Drug Evaluation amd Research 药物评价与研究中心CI Corporate Identity (Image) 企业识别(形象)CIP Cleaning in Place 在线清洗CSI Consumer Safety Insepctor 消费者安全调查员CLP Cleaning Line Procedure 在线清洗程序DAL Defect Action Level 缺陷作用水平DEA Drug Enforcement Adminestration 管制药品管理DS Documentation Systim 文件系统FDA Food and Drug Administration 食品与药品管理局(美国)GATT General Agreemernt on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协会GMP Good Manufacturing Practice Gvp 药品生质量管理规范GCP Good Clinical Practice 药品临床实验管理规范GLP Good Laboratory Practice 实验室管理规范GSP Good Supply Practice 药品商业质量规范GRP Gook RaTAIL Practice 药品零业质量管理规范GAP Good Agriculture Practice 药材生产管理规范GVP Gook Validation Prctice 验证管理规范GUP Gook Use Practice 药品重用规范HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning 空调净化系统ISO Intematonal Organization for Standardization 车际标准化组织MOU Memorandum of Understanding 谅解备忘录PF Porduction File 生产记录用表格OTC Over the Counter (Drug) 非处方药品PLA Product License Application 产品许可申请QA Quality Assurance 质量保证QC Quality Control 质量控制QMP Quality Management Procedure 质量管理程序SDA State Drug Administration 国家药品监督管理局SMP Standard Managmert Procedure 标准管理程序SOP Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作程序TQC Tatal Quality Control 全面质量管理USA Uneted States Pharmacopeia 美国药典-- 作者:月萝兰魂-- 发布时间:2006-12-22 13:35:00--ICH 安全性领域常用专业术语中英文对照表Dead offspring at birth 出生时死亡的子代Degradation 降解 Delay of parturition 分娩延迟Deletion 缺失 Descriptive statistics 描述性统计 Distribution 分布Detection of bacterial mutagen 细菌诱变剂检测 Detection of clastogen 染色体断裂剂检测Determination of metabolites 测定代谢产物 Development of the offspring 子代发育Developmental toxicity 发育毒性 Diminution of the background lawn 背景减少Direct genetic damage 直接遗传损伤DNA adduct DNA加合物 DNA damage DNA损伤DNA repair DNA修复 DNA strand breaks DNA链断裂Dose escalation 剂量递增 Dose dependence 剂量依赖关系 Dose level 剂量水平Dose-limiting toxicity 剂量限制性毒性 Dose-raging studies 剂量范围研究Dose-relatived mutagenicity 剂量相关性诱变性 Dose-related 剂量相关Dose-relatived cytotoxicity 剂量相关性细胞毒性Dose-relatived genotoxic activity 剂量相关性遗传毒性Dose-response curve 剂量-反应曲线 Dosing route 给药途径Duration 周期 Duration of pregnancy 妊娠周期Eaning 断奶 Earlier physical malformation 早期躯体畸形Early embryonic development 早期胚胎发育Early embryonic development to implantation 着床早期的胚胎发育Electro ejaculation 电射精Elimination 清除Embryofetal deaths 胚胎和胎仔死亡 Embryo-fetal development 胚胎-胎仔发育Embryo-fetal toxicity 胚胎-胎仔毒性 Embryonic death 胚胎死亡Embryonic development 胚胎发育 Embryonic period 胚胎期Embryos 胚胎 Embryotoxicity 胚胎毒性Enantiomer 对映异构体End of pregnancy 怀孕终止 Endocytic 内吞噬(胞饮)Endocytic activity 内吞噬活性 Endogenous proteins 内源性蛋白Endogenous components 内源性物质 Endogenous gene 内源性基因Endonuclease 核酸内切酶 Emdpmiclease release from lysosomes 溶酶体释放核酸内切酶End-point 终点Epididymal sperm maturation 附睾精子成熟性 Epitope 抗原决定部位Error prone repair 易错性修复 Escalation 递增Escherichia coli strain 大肠杆菌菌株 Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌Evaluation of test result 试验结果评价Exaggerated pharmacological response 超常增强的药理作用Excretion 排泄(清除) Exposure assessment 接触剂量评价Exposure period 接解期 External metabolizing system 体外代谢系统F1-animals 子一代动物False positive result 假阳性结果Fecundity 多产 Feed-back 反馈 Fertilisation 受精 Fertility 生育力Fertility studies 生育力研究 Fetal abnormalities 胎仔异常Fetal and neonatal parameters 胎仔和仔鼠的生长发育参数Fetal development and growth 肿仔发育和生长 Fetal period 胎仔期 Fetotoxicity 胎仔毒性False negative result 假阴性结果First pass testing 一期试验Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) 原位荧光分子杂交-- 作者:月萝兰魂-- 发布时间:2006-12-22 13:35:00--average deviation 平均差Bbar chart 直条图,条图bias 偏性binomial distribution 二项分布biometrics 生物统计学bivariate normal population 双变量正态总体Ccartogram 统计图case fatality rate(or case mortality) 病死率census 普查chi-sguare(X2) test 卡方检验central tendency 集中趋势class interval 组距classification 分组,分类cluster sampling 整群抽样coefficient of correlation 相关系数coefficient of regression 回归系数coefficient of variability(or coefficieut of variation) 变异系数collection of data 收集资料column 列(栏)combinative table 组合表combined standard deviation 合并标准差combined variance(or poolled variance) 合并方差complete survey 全面调查completely correlation 完全相关completely random design 完全随机设计confidence level 可信水平,置信水平confidence limit 可信限,置信限constituent ratio 构成比,结构相对数continuity 连续性control 对照control group 对照组coordinate 坐标correction for continuity 连续性校正correction for grouping 归组校正correction number 校正数correction value 校正值correlation 相关,联系correlation analysis 相关分析correlation coefficient 相关系数critical value 临界值cumulative frequency 累积频率Ddata 资料degree of dispersion 离散程度degree of freedom 自由度degree of variation 变异度dependent variable 应变量design of experiment 实验设计deviation from the mean 离均差diagnose accordance rate 诊断符合率difference with significance 差别不显著difference with significance 差别显著discrete variable 离散变量dispersion tendency 离中趋势distribution 分布,分配-- 作者:月萝兰魂-- 发布时间:2006-12-22 13:35:00--Eeffective rate 有效率eigenvalue 特征值enumeration data 计数资料equation of linear regression 线性回归方程error 误差error of replication 重复误差estimate value 估计值event 事件experiment design 实验设计experiment error 实验误差experimental group 实验组extreme value 极值Ffatality rate 病死率field survey 现场调查fourfold table 四格表freguency 频数freguency distribution 频数分布GGaussian curve 高斯曲线geometric mean 几何均数grouped data 分组资料Hhistogram 直方图homogeneity of variance 方差齐性homogeneity test of variances 方差齐性检验hypothesis test 假设检验hypothetical universe 假设总体Iincidence rate 发病率incomplete survey 非全面调检indepindent variable 自变量indivedual difference 个体差异infection rate 感染率inferior limit 下限initial data 原始数据inspection of data 检查资料intercept 截距interpolation method 内插法interval estimation 区间估计inverse correlation 负相关Kkurtosis coefficient 峰度系数Llatin sguare design 拉丁方设计least significant difference 最小显著差数least square method 最小平方法,最小乘法leptokurtic distribution 尖峭态分布leptokurtosis 峰态,峭度linear chart 线图linear correlation 直线相关linear regression 直线回归linear regression eguation 直线回归方程link relative 环比logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布logarithmic scale 对数尺度lognormal distribution 对数正态分布lower limit 下限Mmatched pair design 配对设计mathematical statistics 数理统计(学) maximum value 极大值mean 均值mean of population 总体均数mean square 均方mean variance 均方,方差measurement data 讲量资料median 中位数medical statistics 医学统计学mesokurtosis 正态峰method of least squares 最小平方法,最小乘法method of grouping 分组法method of percentiles 百分位数法mid-value of class 组中值minimum value 极小值mode 众数moment 动差,矩morbidity 患病率mortality 死亡率Nnatality 出生率natural logarithm 自然对数negative correlation 负相关negative skewness 负偏志no correlation 无相关non-linear correlation 非线性相关non-parametric statistics 非参数统计normal curve 正态曲线normal deviate 正态离差normal distribution 正态分布normal population 正态总体normal probability curve 正态概率曲线normal range 正常范围normal value 正常值normal kurtosis 正态峰normality test 正态性检验nosometry 患病率-- 作者:月萝兰魂-- 发布时间:2006-12-22 13:35:00--Oobserved unit 观察单位observed value 观察值one-sided test 单测检验one-tailed test 单尾检验order statistic 顺序统计量ordinal number 秩号ordinate 纵坐标Ppairing data 配对资料parameter 参数percent 百分率percentage 百分数,百分率percentage bar chart 百分条图percentile 百分位数pie diagram 园图placebo 安慰剂planning of survey 调查计划point estimation 点估计population 总体,人口population mean 总体均数population rate 总体率population variance 总体方差positive correlation 正相关positive skewness 正偏态prevalence rate 患病率probability 概率,机率probability error 偶然误差proportion 比,比率prospective study 前瞻研究prospective survey 前瞻调查public health statistics 卫生统计学Qquality eontrol 质量控制quartile 四分位数Rrandom 随机random digits 随机数字random numbers table 随机数目表random sample 随机样本random sampling 随机抽样random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化randomized blocks 随机区组,随机单位组randomized blocks analysis of variance 随机单位组方差分析randomized blocks design 随机单位组设计randomness 随机性range 极差,全距range of normal values 正常值范围rank 秩,秩次,等级rank correlation 等级相关rank correlation coefficent 等级相关系数rank-sum test 秩和检验ranked data 等级资料rate 率ratio 比recovery rate 治愈率registration 登记regression 回归regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression eguation 回归方程relative number 相对数relative ratio 比较相对数relative ratio with fixed base 定基比remainder error 剩余误差replication 重复retrospective survey 回顾调查Ridit analysis 参照单位分析Ridit value 参照单位值Ssample 样本sample average 样本均数sample size 样本含量sampling 抽样sampling error 抽样误差sampling statistics 样本统计量sampling survay 抽样调查scaller diagram 散点图schedule of survey 调查表semi-logarithmic chart 半对数线图semi-measursement data 半计量资料semi-guartile range 四分位数间距sensitivity 灵敏度sex ratio 性比例sign test 符号检验significance 显著性,意义significance level 显著性水平significance test 显著性检验significant difference 差别显著simple random sampling 单纯随机抽样simple table 简单表size of sample 样本含量skewness 偏态slope 斜率sorting data 整理资料sorting table 整理表sources of variation 变异来源square deviation 方差standard deviation(SD) 标准差standard error (SE) 标准误standard error of estimate 标准估计误差standard error of the mean 均数的标准误standardization 标准化standardized rate 标化率standardized normal distribution 标准正态分布statistic 统计量statistics 统计学statistical induction 统计图statistical inference 统计归纳statistical map 统计推断statistical method 统计地图statistical survey 统计方法statistical table 统计调查statistical test 统计表statistical treatment 统计检验stratified sampling 统计处理stochastic variable 分层抽样sum of cross products of 随机变量deviation from mean 离均差积和sum of ranks 秩和sum of sguares of deviation from mean 离均差平方和superior limit 上限survival rate 生存率symmetry 对称(性)systematic error 系统误差systematic sampling 机械抽样-- 作者:月萝兰魂-- 发布时间:2006-12-22 13:35:00--Tt-distribution t分布t-test t检验tabulation method 划记法test of normality 正态性检验test of one-sided 单侧检验test of one-tailed 单尾检验test of significance 显著性检验test of two-sided 双侧检验test of two-tailed 双尾检验theoretical frequency 理论频数theoretical number 理论数treatment 处理treatment factor 处理因素treatment of date 数据处理two-factor analysis of variance 双因素方差分析two-sided test 双侧检验two-tailed test 双尾检验type I error 第一类误差type II error 第二类误差typical survey 典型调查Uu test u检验universe 总体,全域ungrouped data 未分组资料upper limit 上限Vvariable 变量variance 方差,均方variance analysis 方差分析variance ratio 方差比variate 变量variation coefficient 变异系数velocity of development 发展速度velocity of increase 增长速度Wweight 权数weighted mean 加权均数Zzero correlation 零相关-- 作者:月萝兰魂-- 发布时间:2006-12-22 13:36:00--世界500强制药企业名称中英对照排名公司名称中文名称总部收入百万美元77 Pfizer 辉瑞美国 45950.092 Johnson & Johnson 强生美国 41862.0114 GlaxoSmithKline 葛兰素史克英国 35050.9193 Novartis 诺华瑞士 24864.0205 Roche Group 罗氏瑞士 23212.9222 Merck 默克美国 22485.9239 Bristol-Myers Squibb 百时美施贵宝美国 20894.0 248 Aventis 安万特法国 20162.4254 Abbott Laboratories 雅培美国 19680.6269 AstraZeneca 阿斯利康英国 18849.0330 Wyeth 惠氏美国 15850.6433 Eli Lilly 礼来大药厂美国 12582.5100 BASF 巴斯夫德国 37757.0125 Dow Chemical 道化学美国 32632.0129 Bayer 拜耳德国 32331.1365 Akzo Nobel 阿克苏诺贝尔荷兰 14770.7。
抗氧化活性
1. 徐春兰,钦传光,尚晓娅,牛卫宁. Enterobacter CloacaeZ0206细菌胞外富硒多糖的抗氧化活性.化学研究,2010,21(2:)64-68.CHEMICAL RESEARCH多糖是自然界中与人类生活紧密相关的一类天然生物高分子,具有免疫调节、抗氧化等多种生物学功能.国内外近年来对于多糖的抗氧化作用进行了广泛的研究[1,2],并有人据此解释了多糖抗衰老功效的药理机理.1.3 E.cloacaeZ0206富硒多糖的制备取出冷藏的E.cloacaeZ0206菌种,室温放置1 h后,在PDA培养基上2次活化后,接种到基础发酵培养基中进行试管发酵培养,30℃往复振荡培养,培养时间10 h,得到摇瓶发酵种子液. 2 000 mL摇瓶内加入500 mL基础发酵培养基,121℃蒸汽灭菌20 min,接种种子液,于摇床中30℃、220 r/min往复振荡培养,在培养的第6 h加入一定浓度的已过滤除菌的Na2SeO3溶液(使其终浓度为25 mg/L),发酵时间48 h,得到含有E.cloacaeZ0206富硒多糖的发酵液.发酵液于50℃浓缩为原体积的1/10, 90℃水浴1 h,5 000 r/min离心20 min,收集上清液,加入3~5倍体积预冷的95%乙醇,4℃静置24 h后, 5 000 r/min离心20 min,沉淀真空干燥,即得到粗多糖粉末.将其溶于适量蒸馏水,Sevag法除蛋白,反复进行多次至无蛋白层,然后用自来水和蒸馏水各透析24 h,透析液中加无水乙醇,置4℃冰箱中醇沉过夜,再离心分离,沉淀依次用无水乙醇、丙酮、乙醚各洗涤2次,真空干燥,即得到E.cloacaeZ0206富硒多糖.E.cloacaeZ0206富硒多糖中多糖的测定采用苯酚-硫酸法,蛋白质含量的测定用考马斯亮蓝法,硒含量的测定采用紫外分光光度法.1.4清除DPPH自由基试验准确地将E.cloacaeZ0206富硒多糖配成5.0 g/L,用超纯水将该溶液稀释成6种浓度:0.16、0.31、0.625、1.25、2.5、5 g/L.以维生素C(Vc)为对照品.称取20 mg的DPPH用无水乙醇溶解定容至500 mL.试验分为样品组和空白对照组:取2 mL 40 mg/L的DPPH溶液加入10 mL 具塞的试管中,再加入2 mL样品溶液,空白对照组以超纯水代替样品溶液,充分混匀,室温下避光反应30 min后,在517 nm处测定吸光度.E.cloacaeZ0206富硒多糖清除DPPH自由基的能力由下式计算:DPPH自由基清除率=(A0-A1)/A0×100%,式中A0为空白对照的平均吸光度值,A1为试样的平均吸光度值.1.5清除羟自由基试验由Fenton法产生·OH.将E.cloacaeZ0206富硒多糖用双蒸水配制成质量浓度为5 g/L的多糖溶液,并稀释成6个不同浓度:0.16、0.31、0.625、1.25、2.5、5 g/L.各取2 mL上述浓度的多糖溶液,依次加入6mmol/L的FeSO4溶液2 mL,混匀,6 mmol/L的H2O2溶液2 mL,混匀,静置30 min后于510 nm处测其吸光度值.空白对照组以双蒸水代替多糖溶液,以维生素C(Vc)做对照,临用前以双蒸水配制.羟自由基的清除率以下式计算:羟自由基清除率=(A0-A1)/A0×100%,式中A0为空白对照的平均吸光度值,A1为试样的平均吸光度值.1.6清除超氧阴离子自由基试验采用邻苯三酚自氧化法产生O-2进行试验.将E.cloacaeZ0206富硒多糖用双蒸水配制成质量浓度为5g/L的多糖溶液,并稀释成6个不同浓度:0.16、0.31、0.625、1.25、2.5、5 g/L.取0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl缓冲溶液(pH=8.2)4.5 mL,置于25℃水浴中预热25 min,分别加入1 mL不同浓度的多糖溶液和0.4 mL25 mmol/L邻苯三酚溶液,空白对照组以双蒸水代替多糖溶液,混匀后在25℃水浴中反应5 min,加入1mL 8 mol/L的HCl终止反应,于299 nm处测吸光度.超氧阴离子的清除率以下式计算:超氧阴离子的清除率=(A0-A1)/A0×100%,式中A0为空白对照的平均吸光度值,A1为试样的平均吸光度值.1.7还原能力的测定将E.cloacaeZ0206富硒多糖用双蒸水配制成质量浓度为5 g/L的多糖溶液,并稀释成6个不同浓度:0.16、0.31、0.625、1.25、2.5、5 g/L,各取1 mL上述浓度的多糖溶液,加入pH 6.6的磷酸盐缓冲液2.5mL、1%铁氰化钾2.5 mL,混合均匀后于50℃水浴中保温20 min,再加入10%的三氯乙酸2.5 mL,混匀,以3 000 r/min离心10 min,移取上清液2.5 mL于试管中,加蒸馏水2.5 mL和0.1% FeCl30.5 mL,常温反应5 min后于700 nm处测定吸光度值,OD700 nm值越大说明测试样的还原能力越强,实验中选用Vc做对照.2.谢辉,李莉,吴鸣谦,陈双林*1株杜仲内生真菌的抗氧化活性分析和菌种鉴定.安徽农业科学,Journal ofAnhui ,37(1):230-232Harper等的研究表明,植物内生真菌具有抗氧化活性或可产生天然的抗氧化活性产物[3-4]。
ICH S6 Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals
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10.1 Introduction
J. Cavagnaro and J. Sims
10.In the early 1980s, neither industry toxicologists nor regulatory scientists were sure of what constituted an appropriate toxicological assessment program for biopharmaceuticals. There were even some who believed that natural proteins were inherently safe thus the toxicity should be minimal or not relevant. However, in 1986, the biotechnology working party was established in Europe to focus on specific issues related to the development of biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals. In July of that same year, a satellite symposium to the IV International Congress of Toxicology was held at the Keio Plaza Hotel, Tokyo, Japan. Attendees included government regulatory scientists, university scientists, and industrial scientists and research managers, all with an interest in the development of new biotechnology-derived products (Giss 1987; Dayan 1987; Galbraith 1987; Finkle 1987; Zbinden 1987).
《医药生物技术》课件
完善法律法规
根据技术发展和社会需求,不断完善相关 法律法规,明确行为规范和责任义务。
A 伦理审查机制
建立严格的伦理审查机制,对医药 生物技术的研究和应用进行审查,
确保符合伦理原则。
B
C
D
提高公众参与度
加强公众对医药生物技术的了解和认识, 促进公众参与决策过程,确保技术应用的 公正性和透明度。
加强国际合作与交流
跨国监管合作
随着医药生物技术的全球化发 展,跨国监管合作变得尤为重 要,但各国法规差异可能导致 监管难题。
知识产权保护与公共利益 平衡
在医药生物技术领域,知识产 权保护和公共利益之间可能存 在冲突,需要平衡两者关系。
临床试验与患者权益保护
在临床试验阶段,如何确保患 者权益和安全是重要的法规问 题。
解决伦理与法规问题的措施
分类
医药生物技术主要包括基因工程、细 胞工程、酶工程、蛋白质工程和发酵 工程等领域。
医药生物技术的应用领域
基因诊断和治疗
利用基因工程技术对疾病进行 早期诊断和个性化治疗。
细胞治疗
利用细胞工程技术进行细胞移 植、组织修复和再生医学研究 。
抗体药物
利用抗体工程技术开发新型抗 体药物,用于肿瘤、感染性疾 病等的治疗。
疫苗研发
利用细胞工程技术,可以研发新型疫 苗,提高疫苗的免疫效果和安全性。
2023
PART 04
蛋白质工程技术
REPORTING
蛋白质工程的原理
蛋白质工程的原理是通过基因工程技术对蛋白质的氨基酸序列和结构进行 设计和改造,以达到改善蛋白质的特性和功能的目的。
蛋白质工程的核心技术是基因工程技术,通过改变基因序列来改变蛋白质 的结构和功能。
pharmaceutical biology格式
一、概述在当今社会,人们对于健康的重视程度越来越高,对药物和草药的需求也随之增加。
作为药学领域的重要分支,药用生物学(Pharmaceutical Biology)的研究和发展显得尤为重要。
药用生物学旨在探索植物、动物和微生物等天然资源,寻找其中的有效药物,并进行相关的药效学和药理学研究。
本文将探讨药用生物学的研究内容、应用前景以及未来发展方向。
二、药用生物学的研究内容药用生物学的研究内容涵盖了自然界中各种生物资源的利用和开发。
具体包括以下方面:1. 植物药物资源的筛选与提取植物是药用生物学研究的重要对象,研究人员对于数千种植物进行筛选和提取,并通过现代科技手段获得具有药用价值的有效成分。
2. 动物药物资源的开发利用动物体内含有多种有益的活性成分,药用生物学研究团队通过对动物内部物质的分析研究,发现并提取出具有医疗价值的成分。
3. 微生物药物资源的挖掘微生物包括细菌、真菌等微生物,研究人员通过对微生物代谢产物的研究,探索并开发出了许多重要的抗生素和其他药物。
4. 药物活性成分的分离、纯化与检测药物活性成分的分离、纯化和检测是药用生物学研究的关键内容,通过这些技术手段,可以确保提取到的药物成分的纯度和活性,为后续的药物研究奠定基础。
三、药用生物学的应用前景药用生物学的研究和发展对于医药行业和人类健康具有重要意义,具有广阔的应用前景。
1. 新药物的研发与利用随着科技的进步,药用生物学为新药物的研发提供了丰富的资源和技术支持,通过对各类生物资源的研究,可以不断发现新的药物活性成分,为医药行业提供了源源不断的创新动力。
2. 药物开发的多样化药用生物学的研究内容涉及范围广泛,所涉及的药物种类和类型也非常多样化,可以满足市场对于不同类型药物的需求,为医药行业的多样化发展提供了重要支持。
3. 促进中药现代化药用生物学的研究成果有助于挖掘和开发中药资源,推动中药现代化进程,提高中药的疗效和安全性,使中药能更好地服务于人类健康。
pharmaceutical 的名词
一、pharmaceutical 的定义及起源pharmaceutical 这个词源自希腊语 pharmakon,意为“药物”或“药理”,在英文中指的是制药和药物相关的事物。
pharmaceutical 可以被用来形容药物制造的过程、医药行业、药物研发和销售等领域。
二、pharmaceutical 的行业和应用范围在现代社会中,pharmaceutical 行业扮演着极为重要的角色,医药产业的发展和突破对人类健康和生命至关重要。
pharmaceutical 行业不仅包括制药厂、药品研发机构和医药公司等生产端,还包括药品销售、药品监管、医疗保健等多个环节。
pharmaceutical 的应用范围也十分广泛,从常见的感冒药、退烧药到治疗癌症、艾滋病的新药研发,pharmaceutical 领域的创新不断推动着医药科技的发展。
三、pharmaceutical 的关键问题和挑战尽管pharmaceutical 行业发展迅速,但其面临着一系列关键问题和挑战。
药物研发的周期长、投入大,且成功率低,这就需要医药公司在研发阶段投入巨大资金,同时承担着创新研发带来的不确定风险。
药物的临床试验对于医药公司来说是必需的步骤,但临床试验的周期长、费用高、程序复杂,使医药公司面临着巨大的挑战。
药品的生产、贮存、销售时都需要考虑严格的规范和监管,医药公司在这些环节也需要投入大量资源和精力。
四、pharmaceutical 的发展趋势和现状随着科技的不断进步,pharmaceutical 行业也在不断发展和变化。
药物研发的方向不断向着个性化、精准化发展,药品生产的技术也在不断升级,药品销售和监管也在不断通过互联网、大数据、人工智能等技术得到提升。
全球范围内的人口老龄化、慢性疾病不断增加等现象,对pharmaceutical 行业提出了新的挑战和机遇。
五、pharmaceutical 的发展和创新为了适应pharmaceutical 行业的发展,医药公司需要不断进行技术和管理创新,以提高研发效率,降低生产成本,优化销售渠道,保障药品质量和安全等方面都需要不断进行创新。
冻干检查指南(中英文对照)
冻干检查指南(中英文对照)GUIDE TO INSPECTIONS OFLYOPHILIZATION OF PARENTERALSNote: This document is reference material for investigators and other FDA personnel. The document does not bind FDA, and does no confer any rights, privileges, benefits, or immunities for or on any person(s).INTRODUCTIONLyophilization or freeze drying is a process in which water is removed from a product after it is frozen and placed under a vacuum, allowing the ice to change directly from solid to vapor without passing through a liquid phase. The process consists of three separate, unique, and interdependent processes; freezing, primary drying (sublimation), and secondary drying (desorption).冻干是将产品置于冷冻和真空的状态下,除去水分的过程。
在这个过程中冰有固态直接变为水蒸汽,而不经过液态。
这个过程由三个独立的分开的又相互影响的过程组成。
冷冻、主干燥(生化)和二次干燥(解吸附)。
The advantages of lyophilization include:冻干的优点:Ease of processing a liquid, which simplifies aseptic handling 简单的液体过程,无菌处理简单。
biotech和药企的区别
biotech和药企的区别
biotech和药企是行业的关系,其区别如下:
首先,从产业体系来看, biotech公司的核心业务主要为生物技术,而药企的核心业务则
以药品生产和销售为主。
这种产业体系的区别,导致了两者在对外宣传时所应用的方式大相径庭。
biotech乐于讲述其开发新药品所带来的前景,而药企更倾向于聚焦药品的改善效果,以
及如何提升民众的健康体验。
其次,从运营角度来看, biotech公司主要运营研发部门,把精力集中在生物技术的研发上,一般不从事商业运作,而药企则以研发为基础,把精力集中在药品的销售上,即把研发的
成果变成可售货物。
再者,从运营目标来看, biotech公司最终的目标是以科学成果来应付市场需求,通过不
断的技术进步和创新,生产出更好的产品和服务;而药企的最终目标则是以营销角度,生产和销售更好、更便捷的药品,以满足消费者对于更优质医疗服务的需求。
最后,从法律角度来看,biotech公司一般都与商业机构合作,因其有着更多的创新空间,而且不会面临到药品生产和销售受到严格控制等问题;而药企则受到政府的相关立法,制定药
品生产和销售的具体规范,保障药品的质量和消费者的健康。
综上所述, biotech和药企之间的区别体现在产业体系、运营角度、运营目标和法律角度上。
二者各有所长,相互补充,共同推动医疗保健行业的发展。
芬兰制药和生命科学企业分类介绍 - 江苏省跨国技术转移中心
Biotie希望与中国制药公司合作,这些中国公司有兴趣进行专利授权或共同开发他们的专利候选产品(包括小分子和生物药品)。首选的治疗领域是中枢神经系统疾病和炎症性/自体免疫疾病。
其它
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MetGen Oy
芬兰MetGen公司致力于生物药剂及工业酶的开发和生产。MetGen公司专有的生物催化技术能以更快的速度、更清洁的方式和更低的成本生产生物药剂及工业产品。
•寻找对以生物催化技术为现有药物或研发中药物生产修饰核苷感兴趣的顾客
•在新酶开发项目上展开合作
•寻找对漆酶特定应用(如废水和土壤生物修复)感兴趣的顾客
Fennopharma希望与中国公司和研究机构共同建立商业合作,并成为他们欧洲业务的唯一伙伴。
Fennopharma带来重要市场和合作项目管理经验,并完成所有的欧洲业务,如:应对监管机构。
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FinnREACH Ltd
芬兰FinnREACH有限公司是一个为医药类公司提供研究服务的公司。
FinnREACH希望与那些对欧盟医药安全条款或者为全球调和制度(GHS)准备物品安全管制表,医药分类标注等需要帮助的合作伙伴。
鉴于在中国已有许多客户,REACHLaw希望在中国寻找市场、销售和提供服务的合作伙伴。
4
Hormos Medical Ltd
位于芬兰的Hormos Medical有限公司是QuatRx Pharmaceuticals(美国)子公司,关注于为女性以及男性健康探索和开发医药产品。
•希望在中国或者亚洲地区为新型治疗激素紊乱的候选药物申请许可(第一到第三阶段)