激光焊接原理及实践应用 PPT
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普通光不能聚焦成特别高的能量密度(或足够小 的点)
Ordinary light does not focus down to a high enough power density (or small enough spot size)
手持放大镜能够把太阳光聚焦让纸燃烧然而不能把 金属融化
Hand-held lens can focus sunlight to set fire to paper but not enough to melt metal
Handbook of Laser Materials Processing
Published by the Laser Institute of America
公开的相关文献
Published literature
请记住…、、
Remember…、、
学习需要积极的参与 Learning requires active participation
不耻下问 Feel free to ask questions
无所顾及地提出个人不同见解 Do not hesitate to present different viewpoints
光 Light
光是一种电磁辐射 Light is electro-magnetic radiation
我们听不到、Waves that you cannot hear
well as CW 能够被用于焊接与切割Can be used for welding and cutting
脉冲YAG激光(焊接)
Pulsed YAG Lasers (Welding)
闪光灯(光泵)Flash Lamp (Optical Pump)
全反镜100% mirror
激光棒Laser Rod
我们为什么需要激光？
Why do we need Lasers?
材料加工需要吸收特别强的光。
Absorption for materials processing requires very intense light
高强度的光能够通过激光聚焦成光束获得。
Intensity can be generated by focusing a beam of laser light
Light and Lasers
激光Laser Light
普通光Ordinary Light
单频的(单波 长)Monochromatic (single
wavelength)
校准的(平行 光)Collimated (parallel)
特别多波长
Many wavelengths
不平行
Not parallel
Light and Lasers
激光 Laser Light
普通光Ordinary Light
激光的聚焦
Focusing of Lasers
激光Laser Light 普通光 Ordinary Light
单频(单波长)与校准(平行)的光能够聚焦成特别 小的焦点
Monochromatic (single wavelength) and Collimated (parallel) light can be focused to a very small spot
Time Share
Mirrors (100% Reflective)全反镜
A single laser can be used for multiple applications on a time shared basis基于同一个理论,单雷射能够一次性用于多种应 用、 Most convenient with transmission through optical fiber 通过可见纤维的转换是最方便的、 Processing stations can be in different rooms 工作台能够放在不同的房间、
颜色与光的波长是相关联的。
Color is associated with particular wavelength
黑色与白色代表着什么？
What is the meaning of black or white color?
黑色表面吸收了YAG光,而白色在反射了大部分 光。
Black surface will absorb YAG light while white will reflect most of it
连续光纤激光
Continuous Wave Fiber Lasers
激光二极管光Laser Diode Light
光纤Fiber
激光二极管光 Laser Diode Light
激光在光纤中产生Laser light is created in the fiber 可在连续波与脉冲波中使用Can be used in pulsed mode as
Q-switch
Galvo Mirrors
M
Rod
Mirrors
M
Frequency Multiplier (not present in all markers)
Focus Lens
Q-switching produces very short pulses, 10-100 nano-sec Cannot be used for welding Laser light delivered directly; no fiber Frequency can be doubled or tripled to get green or UV light
Total Internal Reflection完全内反射
Air空气 Glass玻璃
Protective Sheath接地Cl屏ad蔽ding覆层 Core核
Light propagation through fibers depends on total internal reflection通过光纤的光线传播完全取决于完全内反射
SI vs、 GI单模式 vs分级模式
Optical Fibers光学纤维
Index Profiles剖面指数 Stepped Index (SI)步长指数
Single Mode单模式
Graded Index (GI)分级模式
Single mode has very small core diameter, < 10 microns单模式只有特别小的直径<10微米
Used for telemunications and now for fiber lasers 用于电讯,现用于光纤激光
SI and GI have cores from 0、1 mm to 1 mm单模式与分级模式的核从0、1mm到1mm
Higher diameter for higher power level 能量级别越高直径越大
频率 Frequencies
(mm)
10、64
1、064
0、532 0、510
0、354 0、266 0、15-0、35
上表只包括了大部分常用的与商业化的激光器。 Table includes only the most mon and mercialized lasers。
脉冲YAG激光焊接典型示意图
激光焊接,W、W、Duley Laser Welding, W、W、 Duley
激光加工,W、M、Steen Laser Materials Processing, W、 M、 Steen AWS 焊接手册,1-4 AWS Welding Handbooks, 1-4 激光加工手册-美国激光协会出版
可见光的波长在0、4-0、7微米之间。Visible from 0、
4-0、7 micron wavelength
波长小于0、4微米是紫外线与X光Below 0、4 –
ultraviolet to x-rays
波长大于700nm的光为红外线与微波。
Above 0、7 – infra-red to microwaves
Typical Layout for Pulsed YAG Welding Lasers
激光Laser
镀膜反光镜Coated Mirrors
透镜Lens 光纤Optical Fiber
聚光头 Focus Head
注:某些激光不通过光纤直截了当传输。
Note: Some lasers are delivered direct without fiber
Energy Share
30 W
Mirrors (Partially Reflective)反光镜(部分反光)
33%
50%
100%
10 W
10 W 10 W
Laser energy split into multiple fragments 雷射能量分成多个部分
Typically three outputs for circumferential spot welding 典型的是圆周点焊接的3份输出量
激光的种类
Types of Lasers
激光能量传输 Laser Power Delivery
连续波 Continuous Wave (CW) 脉冲 Pulsed Q-开关 Q-switched
激光频率 Laser Frequencies
基频与倍频 Fundamental and multiples
激光焊接原理及实践应用
激光 LASER
受激辐射式光频放大器的英文第一个字母 的缩写
Light Amplification by Stimulation of Emitted Radiation
参考资料 References
激光的工业应用-J、F、Ready In、 Ready
Galvo-光学器件
Galvo-Optics
Laser
WJM Technologies
Nutfield, Inc、
经常用于打标。Often used for marking applications
逐渐受到焊接应用的青睐。Is gaining popularity
for welding applications
工件Work piece
聚焦高度与焦点尺寸
Focus height and spot size
短焦距Short Focal Length
长焦距Long Focal Length
Depth of Focus
Spot Size
短焦距透镜将光束聚焦成更小的点。Short focal length lens (of given diameter) will focus the beam to a smaller spot 高的能量密度。Higher energy density Focus height is critical due to shallow depth of focus Lens protection from work piece spatter is important
激光频率
Laser Frequencies
波长 Wavelength
Range
远红外Far IR 近红外Near IR 可见光Visible
紫外光UV
激光种类 Laser
CO2 Nd:YAG Frequency doubled YAG Copper-Vapor Lasers Frequency tripled YAG Frequency quadrupled YAG Excimer
光纤Fiber
90%反镜 90% mirror
闪光灯开关产生脉冲Flash lamp turns on and off to create pulses
光纤用于传送激光Fiber is used to transmit laser light
脉冲打标激光
Pulsed Marking Lasers
Gamma
Visible
x-ray UV
IR
Microwave TV
Radio
0.001 0.01
µm
µm
0.4 0.7 µm µm
1 µm
YAG
光的吸收与颜色
Absorption and Color
物体的颜色来源于它反射的光的波长
Color of an object (wavelength that it reflects)
Ordinary light does not focus down to a high enough power density (or small enough spot size)
手持放大镜能够把太阳光聚焦让纸燃烧然而不能把 金属融化
Hand-held lens can focus sunlight to set fire to paper but not enough to melt metal
Handbook of Laser Materials Processing
Published by the Laser Institute of America
公开的相关文献
Published literature
请记住…、、
Remember…、、
学习需要积极的参与 Learning requires active participation
不耻下问 Feel free to ask questions
无所顾及地提出个人不同见解 Do not hesitate to present different viewpoints
光 Light
光是一种电磁辐射 Light is electro-magnetic radiation
我们听不到、Waves that you cannot hear
well as CW 能够被用于焊接与切割Can be used for welding and cutting
脉冲YAG激光(焊接)
Pulsed YAG Lasers (Welding)
闪光灯(光泵)Flash Lamp (Optical Pump)
全反镜100% mirror
激光棒Laser Rod
我们为什么需要激光？
Why do we need Lasers?
材料加工需要吸收特别强的光。
Absorption for materials processing requires very intense light
高强度的光能够通过激光聚焦成光束获得。
Intensity can be generated by focusing a beam of laser light
Light and Lasers
激光Laser Light
普通光Ordinary Light
单频的(单波 长)Monochromatic (single
wavelength)
校准的(平行 光)Collimated (parallel)
特别多波长
Many wavelengths
不平行
Not parallel
Light and Lasers
激光 Laser Light
普通光Ordinary Light
激光的聚焦
Focusing of Lasers
激光Laser Light 普通光 Ordinary Light
单频(单波长)与校准(平行)的光能够聚焦成特别 小的焦点
Monochromatic (single wavelength) and Collimated (parallel) light can be focused to a very small spot
Time Share
Mirrors (100% Reflective)全反镜
A single laser can be used for multiple applications on a time shared basis基于同一个理论,单雷射能够一次性用于多种应 用、 Most convenient with transmission through optical fiber 通过可见纤维的转换是最方便的、 Processing stations can be in different rooms 工作台能够放在不同的房间、
颜色与光的波长是相关联的。
Color is associated with particular wavelength
黑色与白色代表着什么？
What is the meaning of black or white color?
黑色表面吸收了YAG光,而白色在反射了大部分 光。
Black surface will absorb YAG light while white will reflect most of it
连续光纤激光
Continuous Wave Fiber Lasers
激光二极管光Laser Diode Light
光纤Fiber
激光二极管光 Laser Diode Light
激光在光纤中产生Laser light is created in the fiber 可在连续波与脉冲波中使用Can be used in pulsed mode as
Q-switch
Galvo Mirrors
M
Rod
Mirrors
M
Frequency Multiplier (not present in all markers)
Focus Lens
Q-switching produces very short pulses, 10-100 nano-sec Cannot be used for welding Laser light delivered directly; no fiber Frequency can be doubled or tripled to get green or UV light
Total Internal Reflection完全内反射
Air空气 Glass玻璃
Protective Sheath接地Cl屏ad蔽ding覆层 Core核
Light propagation through fibers depends on total internal reflection通过光纤的光线传播完全取决于完全内反射
SI vs、 GI单模式 vs分级模式
Optical Fibers光学纤维
Index Profiles剖面指数 Stepped Index (SI)步长指数
Single Mode单模式
Graded Index (GI)分级模式
Single mode has very small core diameter, < 10 microns单模式只有特别小的直径<10微米
Used for telemunications and now for fiber lasers 用于电讯,现用于光纤激光
SI and GI have cores from 0、1 mm to 1 mm单模式与分级模式的核从0、1mm到1mm
Higher diameter for higher power level 能量级别越高直径越大
频率 Frequencies
(mm)
10、64
1、064
0、532 0、510
0、354 0、266 0、15-0、35
上表只包括了大部分常用的与商业化的激光器。 Table includes only the most mon and mercialized lasers。
脉冲YAG激光焊接典型示意图
激光焊接,W、W、Duley Laser Welding, W、W、 Duley
激光加工,W、M、Steen Laser Materials Processing, W、 M、 Steen AWS 焊接手册,1-4 AWS Welding Handbooks, 1-4 激光加工手册-美国激光协会出版
可见光的波长在0、4-0、7微米之间。Visible from 0、
4-0、7 micron wavelength
波长小于0、4微米是紫外线与X光Below 0、4 –
ultraviolet to x-rays
波长大于700nm的光为红外线与微波。
Above 0、7 – infra-red to microwaves
Typical Layout for Pulsed YAG Welding Lasers
激光Laser
镀膜反光镜Coated Mirrors
透镜Lens 光纤Optical Fiber
聚光头 Focus Head
注:某些激光不通过光纤直截了当传输。
Note: Some lasers are delivered direct without fiber
Energy Share
30 W
Mirrors (Partially Reflective)反光镜(部分反光)
33%
50%
100%
10 W
10 W 10 W
Laser energy split into multiple fragments 雷射能量分成多个部分
Typically three outputs for circumferential spot welding 典型的是圆周点焊接的3份输出量
激光的种类
Types of Lasers
激光能量传输 Laser Power Delivery
连续波 Continuous Wave (CW) 脉冲 Pulsed Q-开关 Q-switched
激光频率 Laser Frequencies
基频与倍频 Fundamental and multiples
激光焊接原理及实践应用
激光 LASER
受激辐射式光频放大器的英文第一个字母 的缩写
Light Amplification by Stimulation of Emitted Radiation
参考资料 References
激光的工业应用-J、F、Ready In、 Ready
Galvo-光学器件
Galvo-Optics
Laser
WJM Technologies
Nutfield, Inc、
经常用于打标。Often used for marking applications
逐渐受到焊接应用的青睐。Is gaining popularity
for welding applications
工件Work piece
聚焦高度与焦点尺寸
Focus height and spot size
短焦距Short Focal Length
长焦距Long Focal Length
Depth of Focus
Spot Size
短焦距透镜将光束聚焦成更小的点。Short focal length lens (of given diameter) will focus the beam to a smaller spot 高的能量密度。Higher energy density Focus height is critical due to shallow depth of focus Lens protection from work piece spatter is important
激光频率
Laser Frequencies
波长 Wavelength
Range
远红外Far IR 近红外Near IR 可见光Visible
紫外光UV
激光种类 Laser
CO2 Nd:YAG Frequency doubled YAG Copper-Vapor Lasers Frequency tripled YAG Frequency quadrupled YAG Excimer
光纤Fiber
90%反镜 90% mirror
闪光灯开关产生脉冲Flash lamp turns on and off to create pulses
光纤用于传送激光Fiber is used to transmit laser light
脉冲打标激光
Pulsed Marking Lasers
Gamma
Visible
x-ray UV
IR
Microwave TV
Radio
0.001 0.01
µm
µm
0.4 0.7 µm µm
1 µm
YAG
光的吸收与颜色
Absorption and Color
物体的颜色来源于它反射的光的波长
Color of an object (wavelength that it reflects)