关于安装包起重安全的文献翻译

Using a Containment Vessel Lifting Apparatus for Remote Operations of Shipping Packages
Bradley Loftin and Richard Koenig
Savannah River National Laboratory
PATRAM 2013
ABSTRACT
The 9977 and the 9975 shipping packages are used in various nuclear facilities within the Department of Energy. These shipping packages are often loaded in designated areas with designs using overhead cranes or A-frames with lifting winches. However, there are cases where loading operations must be performed in remote locations where these facility infrastructures do not exist. For these locations, a lifting apparatus has been designed to lift the containment vessels partially out of the package for unloading operations to take place. Additionally, the apparatus allows for loading and closure of the containment vessel and subsequent pre-shipment testing. This paper will address the design of the apparatus and the challenges associated with the design, and it will describe the use of the apparatus.
BACKGROUND AND APPLICATION
The 9977 Shipping Package, Figure 1, was designed to replace the DOT 6M Specification Package. In doing so, it was designed to be user friendly, much like the 6M, but still had to be able to pass the requirements found within 10 CFR 71.73 for the hypothetical accident conditions. The 9975 Shipping Package, Figure 2, has been in service within the Department of Energy (DOE) complex for over 2 decades. The 9975 has been the workhorse for the DOE deinventory and consolidation efforts by shipping plutonium from DOE sites throughout the country to the Savannah River Site (SRS). The 9975 was designed to meet previous regulations that required double containment of plutonium. The 9975 design is extremely robust, but this attribute presents unique operational issues including: a requirement to lift heavy loads (the 9975 containment vessels (CVs), when nested and fully loaded, weigh more than 120 pounds), vessel closure torques over 100 ft-lbs, and a vertical lift of a minimum of 36.4 inches (0.93 meters) during CV extractions. The 9977 has similar operational challenges although it has only one containment vessel. Shipping package operations are typically performed in facilities with large overhead spaces and equipment available to handle the heights, weights, and torqueing needs. There are instances where the 9975 and the 9977 might be used in environments, such as remote areas, where there are no existing facilities to meet all of these needs. Operations performed in remote locations or in field locations would benefit from the use of a device that is attached to the drum to perform the lifting of the containment vessels in order to easily load and close either of these packages. DESIGN
The Pantex plant in Amarillo, TX uses the 9977 package for material shipments. One of the concerns at Pantex was introducing new tools and materials into their loading and unloading areas that required large areas for operation as they are space-limited. So, in order to alleviate the space concerns, Pantex designed a lifting device, shown in Figure 3, that attaches to the 9977 drum and has a boom for lifting the containment vessel out of the drum liner. The device also has a clamp mechanism for holding the CV, suspended, allowing for opening, loading, and closing of the CV. The lifting device can be used on other packages as well with the use of adapter plates. An adapter plate was designed to attach the lifting device to the 9975 Shipping Package. The lifting mechanism for the device is a screw housed within the vertical section of the device that when turned raises and lowers the CV.
DESIGN CHALLENGES
There were a few challenges which were to be addressed when designing the lifting device. First, the lifting device should be portable and able to be lifted by one or two individuals. The device is constructed out of aluminum which allows it to be lightweight while also providing the structural robustness necessary to lift the CV out of the drum. The design is not too large as it is smaller than the drum in each dimension and thus can be transported along with drums to locations that cannot accommodate other lifting equipment. The design also has very few moving parts and is thus expected to last for as long as the drums may last with very little required maintenance. The utilization of the screw within the design provides a static safety-stop by using friction and gravity to prevent the CV from falling back into the drum. Additionally, the clamp that holds the CV in place had to be designed to provide the force for antirotation when closing the CV to the required torque. The design uses rubber on the inside of the clamp providing the necessary friction that prevents the CV from rotating during torqueing.
OPERATION OF THE DEVICE
The operation of the lifting device is quite simple. Once it is attached to a drum the boom is lowered into place in order to pick up the CV using approved rigging tools. Figure 4 shows the lifting device attached to a 9975 utilizing the adapter plate.
Once the CV is attached to the boom it is raised and tightened within the clamp on the device (also seen in Figure 4). The rigging is removed and the boom is then rotated 90° in order to allow for loading/unloading of the CV. In the case of the 9975, the lid on the outer CV, called the Secondary Containment Vessel (SCV) is only slightly loosened and then the boom is rotated back into place, the rigging is reattached, and the SCV is lowered. For the 9977 the CV lid is completely removed and loading/unloading can take place. For the 9975, once the SCV has been lowered back into the drum, the SCV lid is removed and the rigging is attached to the top of the Primary Containment Vessel (PCV). The PCV is raised up to the clamp and using adapters the clamp holds the PCV in place (Figure 5). The PCV lid is then removed and the loading/unloading can take place (Figure 6). Once the PCV is loaded, a post load leakage rate test is performed on the CV while it is still in position. After a successful test, the steps are reversed and the PCV is lowered back into the drum, the SCV is raised, a leakage rate test is performed on the SCV, the SCV is lowered, and the lifting device is removed from the drum.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The design of the lifting device was completed in order to allow Pantex to perform the loading of a 9977 in place within their facility. The design has applications that give the device more flexibility than it was designed for by allowing it to be used in remote locations where large lifting tools and rigging is not available and it is adaptable for placement on other drum designs. The device is easy to use, portable, lightweight, and robust. Additionally, as an added benefit, use of the lifting device is ergonomically advantageous for the worker.
使用远程操作的安全壳起重装置运输包装
布拉德利刑事和理查德Koenig萨凡纳河国家实验室
摘要
9977年和9975年航运包被用于各种核设施内的能源部。

这些航运包通常是装载在指定区域使用开销与设计起重机或A-frames起重绞车。

然而,在某些情况下,加载操作必须执行在偏远地区,这些设施基础设施并不存在。

对于这些位置,起重装置设计的安全壳部分的方案进行卸载操作。

此外,该装置允许加载和关闭安全壳和随后的装船前的测试。

本文将解决仪器的设计和与设计相关的挑战,并将描述仪器的使用。

背景和应用
9977年的运输包装,图1中,旨在取代点6米规范方案。

这样做,它旨在是用户友好的,就像6米,但仍然能够通过需求发现在10 CFR 71.73假想事故条件。

9975年的运输包装,图2中,一直在服务在美国能源部(DOE)复杂超过2年。

9975一直是主力能源部deinventory和整合的努力将钚从能源部网站全国萨凡纳河网站(SRS)。

9975年以前是为了满足法规要求钚的双重控制。

9975年的设计非常强劲,但这个属性提供了独特的操作问题,包括:要求解除沉重的负荷(9975年安全壳(CVs),嵌套和满载时,重量超过120磅),容器关闭扭矩在100 nm,全白车身的垂直起降至少36.4英寸(0.93米)在简历的痛苦。

9977年也有类似的业务挑战虽然只有一个密封装置。

通常执行运输包装操作与大空间开销和设施设备可用来处理高度、重量、用力的需要。

在一些实例中,9975年和9977年可能使用环境,如偏远地区,没有现有设施来满足所有这些需求。

操作在偏远地区或在现场位置将受益于使用设备,附加到鼓执行解除安全壳为了轻松地加载并关闭这些包。

设计
在阿马里洛的潘特克斯工厂,TX使用9977包材料发货。

潘特克斯的担忧之一是引入新工具和材料进入装卸区域需要大面积操作space-limited。

因此,为了缓解空间问题,潘特克斯设计起重装置,如图3所示,连接到9977桶,并解除安全壳的繁荣鼓衬套。

设备也有一个夹拿着简历的机制,暂停,允许打开,加载,关闭的简历。

起重设备也可以用于其他包使用适配器板。

一个适配器板设计附加起重装置9975年航运包。

起重设备的机制是一个螺旋安置在垂直部分的装置,当提高和降低了简历。

设计中的挑战
有一些挑战,需要解决在设计起重设备。

首先,起重装置应该是可移植的、能够被一个或者两个人了。

铝的设备构造,允许它是轻量级的,同时提供必要的结构鲁棒性的简历的鼓。

设计不是太大,因为它是小于鼓在每个维度,从而可以运输以及鼓不能容纳其他起重设备的位置。

设计也很少运动部件,因此预计将持续只要鼓可能最后很少需要维修。

利用内的螺杆设计提供了一个静态safety-stop通过摩擦和重力防止简历回落到鼓。

此外,夹,把简历必须提供的力为抗扭设计关闭简历时所需的扭矩。

夹具的设计采用橡胶内部提供必要的摩擦,防止简历在用力旋转。

设备的操作
起重装置的操作非常简单。

一旦附加到一个鼓的繁荣是降低到位为了简历使用批准的操纵工具。

图4显示了附加起重装置以9975利用适配器板。

一旦附加到简历中的繁荣了,收紧夹在设备上(也见图4)。

删除操纵和繁荣然后旋转90°为了让简历的装卸。

在9975年的情况下,外部简历上的盖子,称为二级安全壳(SCV)是稍微放松,然后繁荣是旋转回地方,操纵跌落,和SCV的降低。

9977年简历盖子完全移除和装卸。

9975年,一旦SCV降低回鼓,SCV的盖子被移除和操纵附属于主安全壳的顶部(PCV)。

PCV兴起到夹和使用适配器夹着PCV到位(图5)。

然后删除PCV 盖子和加载/卸载可以发生(图6)。

一旦PCV加载,一篇负载泄漏率测试是进行简历虽然仍在的位置。

成功的测试之后,步骤扭转和PCV降低回鼓,SCV的增加,泄漏率测试执行SCV,SCV的降低,起重装置从滚筒中移除。

总结与结论
起重装置的设计是为了让潘特克斯执行加载完成9977年在他们的设施。

给设备的设计应用程序比设计更大的灵活性,允许它用于远程地点大型起重工具和操纵不可用,这是放置在其他鼓设计的适应性强。

设备易于使用,便携、轻量级、和鲁棒性。

此外,另一个好处是,使用起重装置是人体工程学有利的工人。