西方礼仪文化unit 8 The Taboos in Western Culture and Etiquette-39页文档资料
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• It used to carry a positive sense, implying “honor, resolution, justice and mystery”
• Also means “depth and solemnity ” • Also means “ death”
Attention : Do you know what these words mean: 黑社会，黑名单，
Attention: • Do you know what it means: “戴绿帽子”？
Black
• In operas, the black facial make-up always implies honest and straightforward ( 憨直)，and upright, above flattery , incorruptible （刚直不阿）.
• Captain James Cook introduced the word into English in 1777 after returning from Tonga, the place he named "the Friendly Islands".
• In its current use in Tonga, the word tapu also means "sacred" or "holy", often in the sense of being restricted or protected by custom or law. In the main island of the Kingdom of Tonga, where the greater portion of the population reside within the capital Nuku'alofa, the word is often appended to the end of "Tonga", making the word "Tongatapu", where local use it as "Sacred South" rather than "forbidden south".
and appears in many.
Some knowledge about taboo
1. What is Taboo
• In Polynesian cultures, a tabu (or tapu or kapu) often has specific religious associations.
• Other societal taboos to a certain extent or to some people are the issues of sex, death, racism, genderism, ethnicity, nationality, religion, politics, money, socio-economic class, sexual orientation and disability. People follow this advice of not discussing, joking about or making an issue of things that can lead to bigotry, discrimination and stigmatization of people with those social group differences. They developed as a result of concerns for civil rights, sensitivity and multiculturalism nowadays.
• Taboos often extend to cover discussion
of taboo topics. This can result in taboo
deformation (euphemism) or replacement of taboo words. Marvin Harris, a leading figure in cultural materialism, endeavored to explain taboos as a consequence of the ecologic and economic conditions of their societies. Taboos challenge one's free speech and individual rights to express a subject or issue in need to be addressed for the benefit, not to damage, any given society.
黑市，黑心
White
• In Beijing opera, white facial make-up often means “crafty, sinister” and the like.
• People think of white cloud and white snow with the color “white” and association of “nobility, pureness, brightness, cleanness, elegance, honest, simplicity ”.
2. Taboos can include
• restrictions on the use of offensive language. • No taboo is known to be universal, but some (such as
the cannibalism and incest taboos) occur in the majority of societies. • Taboos may serve many functions, and often remain in effect after the original reason behind them has expired.
• restrictions of bodily functions (burping, state of genitalia such as circumcision or sex reassignment)
• exposure of body parts (ankles in the Victorian British Empire, women's faces in parts of the Middle East, nudity in the US)
Some knowledge about taboo
1. What is Taboo
• a universal concept • a ritually sanctioned prohibition against contact
with a thing, a person or an activity • The term comes from the Tongan language,
Lead-in
• Have you ever heard or read some stories about taboo in western culture? If yes, share your experience with your partners.
• Have you ever met some very embarrassing moment when you get along with Westerners because of your ignorance of taboo culture?
• Certain taboos lose their stinginess over periods of time. In the United States and western countries, most people are now more comfortable than before when they discuss and explore social issues: alcoholism, depression, divorce, income disparity, personal relationships, pregnancy and childbirth and teenage rebellion. Medical disorders and diseases like cancer, polio, AIDS and suicide aren't as heavily taboo now as in the past. Certain personal things such as age, height, weight and appearance are not always shared with confidants or in public; this indicates that such topics may be taboo to some t, because they often associate the sun and the color fire with red.
• It also means happiness, marriage or wedding. • Since “blood” and “fire” in war are red, it often
implies the revolutionary struggle in history.
Green
• Green is also called “青”( qing). • Green is the color of plants and tree, so people often
associate the Spring, grassland, forests ,lakes, jadeite and gem and so on. • In traffic, green light mean the safety pass. (Green passway) • In ancient China, green implied humbleness“地位低微”.
2. Taboos can include
• dietary restrictions (halal and kosher diets, religious vegetarianism, and the prohibition of cannibalism)
• restrictions on sexual activities and relationships (sex outside of marriage)
Yellow
• Yellow is one of the colors that Han people mostly advocate.
• Yellow skin, Yellow River, Yellow Mountain, Yellow Dragon
• Ancient Chinese believe that yellow is the natural color that will never change.
• In the past, only emperor has a right to dress in yellow. • It implies “wealth, rank, brilliance”.
Attention – Do you know what theses words mean “黄色故事，黄色电影，黄色网站”
• Also means “depth and solemnity ” • Also means “ death”
Attention : Do you know what these words mean: 黑社会，黑名单，
Attention: • Do you know what it means: “戴绿帽子”？
Black
• In operas, the black facial make-up always implies honest and straightforward ( 憨直)，and upright, above flattery , incorruptible （刚直不阿）.
• Captain James Cook introduced the word into English in 1777 after returning from Tonga, the place he named "the Friendly Islands".
• In its current use in Tonga, the word tapu also means "sacred" or "holy", often in the sense of being restricted or protected by custom or law. In the main island of the Kingdom of Tonga, where the greater portion of the population reside within the capital Nuku'alofa, the word is often appended to the end of "Tonga", making the word "Tongatapu", where local use it as "Sacred South" rather than "forbidden south".
and appears in many.
Some knowledge about taboo
1. What is Taboo
• In Polynesian cultures, a tabu (or tapu or kapu) often has specific religious associations.
• Other societal taboos to a certain extent or to some people are the issues of sex, death, racism, genderism, ethnicity, nationality, religion, politics, money, socio-economic class, sexual orientation and disability. People follow this advice of not discussing, joking about or making an issue of things that can lead to bigotry, discrimination and stigmatization of people with those social group differences. They developed as a result of concerns for civil rights, sensitivity and multiculturalism nowadays.
• Taboos often extend to cover discussion
of taboo topics. This can result in taboo
deformation (euphemism) or replacement of taboo words. Marvin Harris, a leading figure in cultural materialism, endeavored to explain taboos as a consequence of the ecologic and economic conditions of their societies. Taboos challenge one's free speech and individual rights to express a subject or issue in need to be addressed for the benefit, not to damage, any given society.
黑市，黑心
White
• In Beijing opera, white facial make-up often means “crafty, sinister” and the like.
• People think of white cloud and white snow with the color “white” and association of “nobility, pureness, brightness, cleanness, elegance, honest, simplicity ”.
2. Taboos can include
• restrictions on the use of offensive language. • No taboo is known to be universal, but some (such as
the cannibalism and incest taboos) occur in the majority of societies. • Taboos may serve many functions, and often remain in effect after the original reason behind them has expired.
• restrictions of bodily functions (burping, state of genitalia such as circumcision or sex reassignment)
• exposure of body parts (ankles in the Victorian British Empire, women's faces in parts of the Middle East, nudity in the US)
Some knowledge about taboo
1. What is Taboo
• a universal concept • a ritually sanctioned prohibition against contact
with a thing, a person or an activity • The term comes from the Tongan language,
Lead-in
• Have you ever heard or read some stories about taboo in western culture? If yes, share your experience with your partners.
• Have you ever met some very embarrassing moment when you get along with Westerners because of your ignorance of taboo culture?
• Certain taboos lose their stinginess over periods of time. In the United States and western countries, most people are now more comfortable than before when they discuss and explore social issues: alcoholism, depression, divorce, income disparity, personal relationships, pregnancy and childbirth and teenage rebellion. Medical disorders and diseases like cancer, polio, AIDS and suicide aren't as heavily taboo now as in the past. Certain personal things such as age, height, weight and appearance are not always shared with confidants or in public; this indicates that such topics may be taboo to some t, because they often associate the sun and the color fire with red.
• It also means happiness, marriage or wedding. • Since “blood” and “fire” in war are red, it often
implies the revolutionary struggle in history.
Green
• Green is also called “青”( qing). • Green is the color of plants and tree, so people often
associate the Spring, grassland, forests ,lakes, jadeite and gem and so on. • In traffic, green light mean the safety pass. (Green passway) • In ancient China, green implied humbleness“地位低微”.
2. Taboos can include
• dietary restrictions (halal and kosher diets, religious vegetarianism, and the prohibition of cannibalism)
• restrictions on sexual activities and relationships (sex outside of marriage)
Yellow
• Yellow is one of the colors that Han people mostly advocate.
• Yellow skin, Yellow River, Yellow Mountain, Yellow Dragon
• Ancient Chinese believe that yellow is the natural color that will never change.
• In the past, only emperor has a right to dress in yellow. • It implies “wealth, rank, brilliance”.
Attention – Do you know what theses words mean “黄色故事，黄色电影，黄色网站”