Unit 2 Robots Period1优质教案

Unit 2 Robots
Part 1 Teaching Design
第一部分教学设计
Period 2 A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language (Revise the passive voice including the infinitive)
Introduction
In this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and collocations, and then to discover and revise the passive voice including the infinitive. The following steps of teaching may be taken: warming up by having a dictation, discovering useful words and collocations, reading more about the 22nd century, learning about the passive voice, discovering useful structures and closing down by putting on stage a text play of Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Objectives
To help students revise the passive voice
To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and collocations
To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures
Procedures
1. Warming up by having a dictation
To begin with, let’s take a dictation to strengthen our memory of the text.
2. Discovering useful words and collocations
A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time.
While going over the text, try to recognize the collocations, treat them as single blocks of language and copy them out into your Collocation Book.
Now go to page 13. Work in pairs to finish the three exercises in 10 minutes.
3. Learning about the passive voice
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TENSES CHART
4. 被动语态小结
●被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。

其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，
另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。

通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。

其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
●非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。

例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
●It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。

有：
It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
●谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Your reason sounds reasonable.
●非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。

) 试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。

)
在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。

这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。

例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁lost time不明确。

）
在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。

然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例Who is to blame for starting the fire?
●介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。

“under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。

常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。

例The building is under construction( is being constructed).
“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。

常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)，beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control （无法控制），beyond our hope．我们的成功始料不及。

例The rumor is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。

例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．“for+名词”结构，表示“适于……、为着……”。

如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。

例That house is for sale. (= The house is to be sold).
“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。

例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)
“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事……中”。

常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial （受审）。

例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
“out of+名词”结构；表示“超出……之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。

例The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)．。

“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。

例He took two days off within the teacher's permission．
5. Discovering useful structures
Go to page 14, and finish the two exercises in pairs.
6. Closing down by putting on stage a text play of Satisfaction Guaranteed
Acting out the text is a very good way to motivate us to read out loud the text and to improve our spoken English. To practice speaking let’s now try to turn the text into a play and put it on stage.。