克雷布斯循环,英文

克雷布斯循环,英文如下：
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This process occurs in the mitochondria and is an essential part of cellular respiration.
The Krebs cycle can be divided into several key stages:
1.Condensation: Acetyl-CoA, which is produced from the breakdown of glucose and other molecules, combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme citrate synthase.
2.Oxidation: Citrate goes through a series of reactions where it is oxidized and its atoms are rearranged to form isocitrate, then alpha-ketoglutarate, then succinyl-CoA, and finally, succinate. During this process, NADH and FADH2 are produced, which are high-energy electron carriers that feed into the electron transport chain.
3.Release of CO2: One molecule of carbon dioxide is released from each turn of the cycle when succinate is transformed into fumarate, a process catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase.
4.Regeneration of Oxaloacetate: The cycle ends with the conversion of oxaloacetate back to malate, and then malate is converted back to oxaloacetate. This regenerates the oxaloacetate needed to start a new cycle.
Overall, the Krebs cycle results in the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation processes. It also provides precursors for various biosynthetic pathways, such as those involved in amino acid synthesis.
Here's a simplified summary of the Krebs cycle in English:
The Krebs cycle, or citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells to produce energy in the form of ATP. It takes place in several steps:
1. Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
2. Citrate undergoes a series of oxidation and rearrangement reactions to produce NADH, FADH2, and eventually succinate.
3. Carbon dioxide is released during the conversion of succinate to fumarate.
4. Oxaloacetate is regenerated to start a new cycle.
The Krebs cycle is crucial for the production of energy in aerobic organisms and is also important for biosynthetic processes.。