人教版2019选择性Unit1sciencefiction单词详解

UNIT1
fiction/ˈfɪkʃn/n.小说；虚构的事
novelist(n) 小说家
science fiction[informal scifi][abbr.SF]科幻小说(或影片等) Today’s science fiction is tomorrow’s science fact.
今天的科幻小说就是明天的科学事实。

test out检验；测试
try out 检验；测试
stand out 显眼，突出
pick out 挑选
leave out 省略，遗漏
work out 计算，锻炼，制定
figure out 弄明白
die out 灭绝
give out分发，发出
let out 发出（声音）
run out用光，用尽
bonus/ˈbəʊnəs/n.意外收获；奖金；红利
annual bonus 年度分红
more like更像是；更接近
Social robots will be much more like panions than mere tools.
less like 不像
nothing like丝毫不像
ridiculous/rɪˈdɪkjələs/adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的
it is ridiculous for sb to do sth
某人做某事是荒谬的
integrity/ɪnˈteɡrəti/n.诚实正直；完整；完好
dignity/ˈdɪɡnəti/n.庄重；庄严；尊严
No matter how rich you are, you must treat the old with dignity.
Despite our failure，we will not give up and live with dignity. salary/ˈsæləri/n.薪水；薪金
①ine n．收入
①pay n.报酬
①wage n. 工资
①profit n. 利润；收益
①pension n. 养老金；退休金
absurd/əbˈsɜːd/adj.荒谬的；荒唐的
appointment/əˈpɔɪntmənt/n.预约；约会；委任
→appoint vt．任命；委任→appointed adj．约定的；指定的
(1)make/have/fix an appointment with sb.与某人约会/预约/约定(时间)
keep/break an appointment 守约/失约
(2)appoint vt.任命，委派；约定；指定
appoint sb.as/to be...指定/任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth.委派/任命某人去做某事
nail/neɪl/n.指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定
polish your nail
clip your nail
saleswoman/ˈseɪlzwʊmən/n.女售货员；女推销员
salesman, salesboy, salesgirl
guilty/ˈɡɪlti/adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
guilt n．内疚；悔恨；有罪
be guilty of\about
I am guilty of the silly mistake I made yesterday and no words can express my
guilt.
suspend/səˈspend/vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
ladder/ˈlædə(r)/n.梯子；阶梯
dismiss/dɪsˈmɪs/vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
dismissal (n) 解雇
dismiss sb from one’s position免去某人职务
declare/dɪˈkleə(r)/vt.表明；宣称；公布
→declaration n．公告；宣言
declare for/against (doing)声明赞成/反对(做)……
declare war on/against 向……宣战
declare...to be/as... 宣布……是……
declare (that)．.. 宣告；宣称
It is declared that…宣布
各种“说”法
①chat vi．& n．聊天；闲聊
②whisper vi．小声说；耳语
③inform vt．通知；告知
④announce vt．宣告；宣布
⑤declare vt．宣布；声明
⑥state vt．声明；陈述
whereas/ˌweərˈæz/conj.然而；但是；尽管
The salesman wants to live in an apartment, whereas his wife would rather
live in a flat．
rumour/ˈruːmə(r)/n.谣言；传闻
spread the rumor that..散播…谣言
presume/prɪˈzjuːm；NAmE'zu:m/vt.&vi.假设；假定
fare/feə(r)/n.车费；船费；飞机票价
weekly/ˈwiːkli/adj.每周的n.周刊
week n．星期
on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)
on a regular basis 定期
be based on\upon… 以…为基础
calculate/ˈkælkjuleɪt/vt.计算；核算；预测
calculation n．计算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculated adj．精心策划的；蓄意的→calculating adj．精明的；精于算计的
it is calculated that 据估算
calculate on\upon 指望，期待
chairwoman/ˈtʃeəwʊmən/n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长
gramme[NAmEɡram]/ɡræm/n.克(重量单位)
flour/ˈflaʊə(r)/n.面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉
venue/ˈvenjuː/n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
salesman/ˈseɪlzmən/n.售货员；推销员
alien/ˈeɪliən/n.外星人(生物)；外国人
adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的
pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对
It is necessary that we weigh the pros and cons of including English words in Chinese dictionaries．
①back and forth 来来回回
②up and down 上上下下
③here and there 到处
④now and then 时而；不时
⑤right and left 到处；左右两边
blurred/blɜːd/adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的
superior/suːˈpɪəriə(r);sjuː/adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的superior to比……更好；更胜一筹
take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
take off脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞
take down 写下；记下；拆除
take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
take up 占有(时间/空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；开始从事
After taking over the firm from his father，Tom took in some scientific ideas and took on some experienced and hard­working workers，which suggested that his firm would take off soon．
inaction/ɪnˈækʃn/n.无行动；不采取措施
conflict with与……冲突或抵触
labour/ˈleɪbə(r)/n.劳动(者)；体力劳动
vi.奋斗；努力工作
leather/ˈleðə(r)/n.皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套
lever/ˈliːvə(r)；NAmEˈlevər/n.操纵杆；杠杆
panel/ˈpænl/n.控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组
inch/ɪntʃ/n.英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)
backwards/ˈbækwədz/[NAmE backward]adv.向后；倒着；往回
grip/ɡrɪp/vt.&vi.紧握；抓紧
hazy/ˈheɪzi/adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
niece/niːs/n.侄女；外甥女
fetch/fetʃ/vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来
In the dry seasons, the villagers have to walk several miles to fetch water for daily use．
handkerchief/ˈhæŋkətʃɪf/n.手帕；纸巾
lamp/læmp/n.灯；台灯
turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
The weather forecast said that it would be rainy but it turned out to be fine．turn down拒绝；关小；调低
turn in 上交
turn over 翻身；移交；转变
turn to 求助于；转向
turn up 出现；调高
pace/ˈpeɪs/n.速度；步伐；节奏
vt.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏
keep pace with 与…一致
fall away(逐渐)减少；消失
His supporters fell away as his popularity declined．
fall apart（关系）破裂，崩溃
fall behind落后
fall down跌倒，倒塌
fall over sb\sth绊倒
fall off 掉下，脱落
division/dɪˈvɪʒn/n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)
→divide vt．分割；分配；除以
The traditional labour division between men and women is gradually
disappearing
puff/pʌf/n.(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息
urge/ɜːdʒ/n.强烈的欲望；冲动
vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事
(1)urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事
urge that ．．．(should)do sth 极力主张……做某事
(2)have an urge to do sth 渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj．紧急的；迫切的
urgency n．紧急；催促
random/ˈrændəm/adj.随机的；不可思议的
at random=randomly 随意的
maximum/ˈmæksɪməm/adj.最大极限的
n.最大量；最大限度
minimum n 最小值，adj最小的
explode/ɪkˈspləʊd/vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破
→explosion n．爆炸；爆破(声)→explosive adj．易爆炸的；猛增的
The explosion was caused by burst of a gas pipe, which made the boss explode with anger．
jolt/dʒəʊlt/n.震动；摇晃；颠簸
vt.&vi.(使)震动;摇晃
flip/flɪp/vt.&vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛
stun/stʌn/vt.使震惊，使昏迷
mud/mʌd/n.泥；泥浆
→muddy adj．泥泞的
overstatement/ˈəʊvəsteɪtmənt/n.夸大；夸张
前缀over­ 表示“过度；在……之上”
①overstatement n．夸大；夸张
②overweight adj．超重的
③overlook vt．俯瞰；忽视
④overuse vt．& n．过度使用
⑤overeat vi．吃得过量。