GRE考试阅读理解练习题及答案

GRE考试阅读理解练习题及答案
GRE阅读题目解析:治疗胃酸的药
1.Inthecolumnist’sargument,thetwohighlightedportionsplaywhichofthefollowingroles?
A.Thefirstisaclaimthatthecolumnist’sargumentseekstoclarify;thesecondstatesaconclus iondrawnaboutonepossibleinterpretationofthatclaim.
B.Thefirstidentifiestheconclusionofanargumentthatthecolumnist’sargumentisdirecteda gainst;thesecondstatesthemainconclusionofthecolumnist’sargument.
C.Thefirststatesthemainconclusionofthecolumnist’sargument;thesecondstatesaconclusi onthatthecolumnistdrawsindefendingthatconclusionagainstanobjection.
D.Thefirstidentifiesanassumptionmadeinanargumentthatthecolumnist'sargumentisdirecte dagainst;thesecondstatesthemainconclusionofthecolumnist’sargument.
E.Thefirstisaclaimthathasbeenofferedasevidencetosupportapositionthatthecolumnistopp oses;thesecondstatesthemainconclusionofthecolumnist’sargument.
Columnist:Untilveryrecently,PresorbinandVeltrex,twomedicationsusedtoblockexcessstom achacid,werebothavailableonlywithaprescriptionwrittenbyadoctor.
2
在P的一则广告中，生产商认为P更好，根据是医生已经对P开出了两亿份处方，而V只有一亿。

3
当然可以反驳说，开出过多少份处方从来不是比较药物优劣的恰当标准，然而只要注意到P作为一种处方药比V上市早若干年，就足见该广告逻辑之荒谬。

(此句涉及but引导的一种让步关系(很多时候我们忽略了but的让步意味，只把它等同于汉语中的“转折”，二者还是有区别的)：
让步条件，处方数不是评价药物好坏的标准(这很好理解，因为有价格，医保是否覆盖等很多因素影响一种药的销量);
强调内容，广告逻辑荒谬。

前半句被让步掉了，(尽管)这不是一种评价药物优劣的恰当标准，(让步，即便我们就用这种不恰当的标准来评价两种药——假定让步条件为真)结论仍然是有问题的，因为这种比较不公平，P比V上市早若干年。

)
1.Inthecolumnist’sargument,thetwohighlightedportionsplaywhichofthefollowingroles?
A.Thefirstisaclaimthatthecolumnist’sargumentseekstoclarify;thesecondstatesaconclus iondrawnaboutonepossibleinterpretationofthatclaim.
B.Thefirstidentifiestheconclusionofanargumentthatthecolumnist’sargumentisdirecteda gainst;thesecondstatesthemainconclusionofthecolumnist’sargument.
C.Thefirststatesthemainconclusionofthecolumnist’sargument;thesecondstatesaconclusi onthatthecolumnistdrawsindefendingthatconclusionagainstanobjection.
D.Thefirstidentifiesanassumptionmadeinanargumentthatthecolumnist'sargumentisdirecte dagainst;thesecondstatesthemainconclusionofthecolumnist’sargument.
E.Thefirstisaclaimthathasbeenofferedasevidencetosupportapositionthatthecolumnistopp oses;thesecondstatesthemainconclusionofthecolumnist’sargument.
选B
本题考查批判性思维criticalthinking基础，即分辨什么是结论conclusions，什么是证据evidence或理由reasons。

不理解这种问法，说明你还没进入GRE语文的基本语境，去读AskingtheRightQuestions吧，趁还来得及。

本文篇幅很短，所以逻辑关系相当清晰，简述如下。

1)广告逻辑：
结论conclusion1：P比V好。

理由reason1：医生开出的P处方比V多一倍。

结论conclusion2：广告是放屁。

理由reason2-1：处方数量不能如实反映药物的疗效。

理由reason2-2：P比V上市早。

综上，选B。

GRE阅读题目解析:弗兰德斯派大师
Stylisticevidenceandlaboratoryevidencestronglysupporttheclaimthatthemagnificentpain tingGardenofEdenisaworkoftheFlemishmastervanEyck.Nevertheless,thepaintingmusthavebeenth eworkofsomeoneelse,asanyonewithalittlehistoricalandzoologicalknowledgecantellmerelybylo okingatthepainting.Theanimalsinthepaintingareallvividrepresentationsofactualanimals,inc ludingarmadillos.YetarmadillosarenativeonlytoAmericas,andvanEyckdieddecadesbeforeEurope ansreachedtheAmericas.
2.Intheargumentgiven,thetwohighlightedportionsplaywhichofthefollowingroles?
A.Thefirstisapositionthattheargumentseekstoreject,thesecondisevidencethattheargumen tusesagainstthatposition.
B.Thefirstandthesecondareeachpiecesofevidencethathavebeenusedtosupportthepositionth attheargumentopposes.
C.Thefirstpresentsthemainconclusionoftheargument;thesecondprovidesevidenceinsupport ofthatconclusion.
D.Thefirstisajudgmentthatservesasthebasisforthemainconclusionoftheargument;thesecon dstatesthatmainconclusion.
E.Thefirstisanintermediateconclusiondrawninordertosupportafurtherconclusionstatedin theargument;thesecondprovidesevidenceinsupportofthatintermediateconclusion.
Stylisticevidenceandlaboratoryevidencestronglysupporttheclaimthatthemagnificentpain tingGardenofEdenisaworkoftheFlemishmastervanEyck.
风格上的和来自实验室的证据，都有力地支持这样的观点，即大画GoE出自弗兰德斯派大师vE 之手。

佛兰德斯艺术[Flemishart]
爱克[Eyck,Janvan]
(大英袖珍百科)
2
Nevertheless,thepaintingmusthavebeentheworkofsomeoneelse,asanyonewithalittlehistori calandzoologicalknowledgecantellmerelybylookingatthepainting.
3
Theanimalsinthepaintingareallvividrepresentationsofactualanimals,includingarmadillo s.
画中的动物都栩栩如生地再现了它们实际的样子，包括犰狳。

犰狳(音求于，猜你也不会念)
4
YetarmadillosarenativeonlytoAmericas,andvanEyckdieddecadesbeforeEuropeansreachedthe Americas.
但犰狳原产于美洲，且vE在欧洲人发现美洲大陆前几十年就去世了。

2.Intheargumentgiven,thetwohighlightedportionsplaywhichofthefollowingroles?
A.Thefirstisapositionthattheargumentseekstoreject,thesecondisevidencethattheargumen tusesagainstthatposition.
B.Thefirstandthesecondareeachpiecesofevidencethathavebeenusedtosupportthepositionth attheargumentopposes.
C.Thefirstpresentsthemainconclusionoftheargument;thesecondprovidesevidenceinsupport ofthatconclusion.
D.Thefirstisajudgmentthatservesasthebasisforthemainconclusionoftheargument;thesecon dstatesthatmainconclusion.
E.Thefirstisanintermediateconclusiondrawninordertosupportafurtherconclusionstatedin theargument;thesecondprovidesevidenceinsupportofthatintermediateconclusion.
选C
还是让我们辨析目标句的逻辑功能。

理由1reason1：画中动物都贴合实际，包括犰狳。

理由2reason2：犰狳系美洲原产，但凡爱克死时欧洲人尚未抵达美洲。

reason1+reason2=>conclusion
综上，选C。

GRE阅读题目解析:叙梦寓言诗
5.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakensthecritics’argument?
A.PiersPlowmanisoneofLangland’smajorworks,whereasHouseofFameisaminorworkofChaucer ’s.
B.HouseofFamesurvivesinonlythreemanuscriptcopies,substantiallyfewerthanthenumberofm anuscriptcopiesthatexistofPiersPlowman.
C.BecausePiersPlowmanbecameawell-
knownworkinitsday,itislikelythatthesimilaritiesbetweenitandHouseofFameweredetectedbyman yofthepeoplewhoreadHouseofFamesoonafterChaucerwroteit.
D.ManyofthethemesandstructuresofPiersPlowmanarealsofoundinLatin,Italian,Frenchworks withwhichChaucercouldwellhavebeenfamiliar.
E.ThereisnoevidencethatChaucerandLanglandevermetorthattheycorrespondedwitheachother aboutliterarytopics.
P58
TherearemanystructuralandthematicsimilaritiesbetweenPiersPlowmanbyLangland(1330-1400)andHouseofFamebyChaucer(1342-1400),twoMiddleEnglishpoemsrelatingdreamvisions.
L(1330-1400)的<PiersPlowman>和C(1342-1400)的<HouseofFame>这两首dreamvisions(叙梦寓言诗)，在结构与主题上有很多相似。

(
dreamvision
Anarrativepoem,especiallyinmedievalliterature,inwhichthemaincharacterfallsasleepand experienceseventshavingallegorical,didactic,ormoralsignificance.
叙梦寓言诗：叙事诗，尤指在中世纪文学中的叙事诗，其中主要人物入睡后经历有谕意的说教性的或有道德意义的事件
【AHD】
)
2
一些评论者认为，因为MiddleEnglishpoetry中很少见到这两首诗共有的某些元素，且L的诗也许完成得比C早若干年，所以C很可能在写<HouseofFame>时受到了<PiersPlowman>的影响。

5.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakensthecritics’argument?
A.PiersPlowmanisoneofLangland’smajorworks,whereasHouseofFameisaminorworkofChauce r ’s.
B.HouseofFamesurvivesinonlythreemanuscriptcopies,substantiallyfewerthanthenumberofm anuscriptcopiesthatexistofPiersPlowman.
C.BecausePiersPlowmanbecameawell-
knownworkinitsday,itislikelythatthesimilaritiesbetweenitandHouseofFameweredetectedbyman yofthepeoplewhoreadHouseofFamesoonafterChaucerwroteit.
D.ManyofthethemesandstructuresofPiersPlowmanarealsofoundinLatin,Italian,Frenchworks withwhichChaucercouldwellhavebeenfamiliar.
E.ThereisnoevidencethatChaucerandLanglandevermetorthattheycorrespondedwitheachother aboutliterarytopics.
选D
削弱题。

选一项，能够最有力地削弱文段陈述的argument。

先再磨叽一遍基础，argument在GRE语文中，通常指一种用理由reasons或证据evidence支撑结论conclusions的过程。

本题通过提出竞争性解释rivalcauses的方式削弱论证，所谓竞争性解释，就是针对已知的结论，提出另一种合理的解释，从而使原论证失去唯一的有效性，是为削弱。

先找critics'argument的理由和结论。

结论在句2最后分句：C诗受了L诗的影响。

D
像PP这样主题与结构，在拉丁语，意大利语，法语作品中很常见，C可能也熟悉这些作品(而受到了影响)。

显然D提供了另一种解释，削弱了C受L影响的结论。

本题比较明显，其他几个不翻译了，有异议的来confrontme，等里。